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Heldner A, Alessandrini F, Russkamp D, Heine S, Schnautz B, Chaker A, Mwange J, Carreno Velazquez TL, Heath MD, Skinner MA, Kramer MF, Zissler UM, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Blank S. Immunological effects of adjuvanted low-dose allergoid allergen-specific immunotherapy in experimental murine house dust mite allergy. Allergy 2022; 77:907-919. [PMID: 34287971 DOI: 10.1111/all.15012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Native allergen extracts or chemically modified allergoids are routinely used to induce allergen tolerance in allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT), although mechanistic side-by-side studies are rare. It is paramount to balance optimal dose and allergenicity to achieve efficacy warranting safety. AIT safety and efficacy could be addressed by allergen dose reduction and/or use of allergoids and immunostimulatory adjuvants, respectively. In this study, immunological effects of experimental house dust mite (HDM) AIT were investigated applying high-dose HDM extract and low-dose HDM allergoids with and without the adjuvants microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT) and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) in a murine model of HDM allergy. METHODS Cellular, humoral, and clinical effects of the different AIT strategies were assessed applying a new experimental AIT model of murine allergic asthma based on physiological, adjuvant-free intranasal sensitization followed by subcutaneous AIT. RESULTS While low-dose allergoid and high-dose extract AIT demonstrated comparable potency to suppress allergic airway inflammation and Th2-type cytokine secretion of lung-resident lymphocytes and draining lymph node cells, low-dose allergoid AIT was less effective in inducing a potentially protective IgG1 response. Combining low-dose allergoid AIT with MCT or MCT and dose-adjusted MPL promoted Th1-inducing mechanisms and robust B-cell activation counterbalancing the allergic Th2 immune response. CONCLUSION Low allergen doses induce cellular and humoral mechanisms counteracting Th2-driven inflammation by using allergoids and dose-adjusted adjuvants. In light of safety and efficacy improvement, future therapeutic approaches may use low-dose allergoid strategies to drive cellular tolerance and adjuvants to modulate humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heldner
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Francesca Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Dennis Russkamp
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Sonja Heine
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Benjamin Schnautz
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Adam Chaker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Klinikum rechts der Isar Faculty of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthias F. Kramer
- Allergy Therapeutic PLC. Worthing UK
- Bencard Allergie GmbH Munich Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich, Faculty of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Member of the Immunology and Inflammation Initiative of the Helmholtz AssociationMunich Germany
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Schröder A, Lunding LP, Zissler UM, Vock C, Webering S, Ehlers JC, Orinska Z, Chaker A, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Lang NJ, Schiller HB, Mall MA, Fehrenbach H, Dinarello CA, Wegmann M. IL-37 regulates allergic inflammation by counterbalancing pro-inflammatory IL-1 and IL-33. Allergy 2022; 77:856-869. [PMID: 34460953 DOI: 10.1111/all.15072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with asthma have impaired production of interleukin (IL) 37; in mice, IL-37 reduces hallmarks of experimental allergic asthma (EAA). However, it remains unclear how IL-37 exerts its inhibitory properties in asthma. This study aimed to identify the mechanism(s) by which IL-37 controls allergic inflammation. METHODS IL-37 target cells were identified by single-cell RNA-seq of IL-1R5 and IL-1R8. Airway tissues were isolated by laser-capture microdissection and examined by microarray-based gene expression analysis. Mononuclear cells (MNC) and airway epithelial cells (AECs) were isolated and stimulated with allergen, IL-1β, or IL-33 together with recombinant human (rh) IL-37. Wild-type, IL-1R1- and IL-33-deficient mice with EAA were treated with rhIL-37. IL-1β, IL-33, and IL-37 levels were determined in sputum and nasal secretions from adult asthma patients without glucocorticoid therapy. RESULTS IL-37 target cells included AECs, T cells, and dendritic cells. In mice with EAA, rhIL-37 led to differential expression of >90 genes induced by IL-1β and IL-33. rhIL-37 reduced production of Th2 cytokines in allergen-activated MNCs from wild-type but not from IL-1R1-deficient mice and inhibited IL-33-induced Th2 cytokine release. Furthermore, rhIL-37 attenuated IL-1β- and IL-33-induced pro-inflammatory mediator expression in murine AEC cultures. In contrast to wild-type mice, hIL-37 had no effect on EAA in IL-1R1- or IL-33-deficient mice. We also observed that expression/production ratios of both IL-1β and IL-33 to IL-37 were dramatically increased in asthma patients compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION IL-37 downregulates allergic airway inflammation by counterbalancing the disease-amplifying effects of IL-1β and IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schröder
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation &‐Regulation, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Lars P. Lunding
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation &‐Regulation, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Christina Vock
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Division of Experimental Pneumology Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐ Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Sina Webering
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation &‐Regulation, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Johanna C. Ehlers
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Division of Experimental Pneumology Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐ Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Zane Orinska
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Division of Experimental Pneumology Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐ Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Adam Chaker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Medical School Technical, University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Niklas J. Lang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
| | - Herbert B. Schiller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC‐M) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site Berlin Germany
| | - Heinz Fehrenbach
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Division of Experimental Pneumology Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐ Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine University of Colorado Denver Denver CO USA
- Department of Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation &‐Regulation, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy Research Center Borstel‐Leibniz Lung Center Borstel Germany
- Airway Research Center North Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
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Mootz M, Jakwerth CA, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Zissler UM. Secretoglobins in the big picture of immunoregulation in airway diseases. Allergy 2022; 77:767-777. [PMID: 34343347 DOI: 10.1111/all.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The proteins of the secretoglobin (SCGB) family are expressed by secretory tissues of barrier organs. They are embedded in immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory processes of airway diseases. This review particularly illustrates the immune regulation of SCGBs by cytokines and their implication in the pathophysiology of airway diseases. The biology of SCGBs is a complex topic of increasing importance, as they are highly abundant in the respiratory tract and can also be detected in malignant tissues and as elements of immune control. In addition, SCGBs react to cytokines, they are embedded in Th1 and Th2 immune responses, and they are expressed in a manner dependent on cell maturation. The big picture of the SCGB family identifies these factors as critical elements of innate immune control at the epithelial barriers and highlights their potential for diagnostic assessment of epithelial activity. Some members of the SCGB family have so far only been superficially examined, but have high potential for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Mootz
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM)TUM School of MedicineKlinikum Rechts der Isar Munich Germany
| | - Constanze A. Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL)CPC‐M Munich Germany
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4
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Karlina R, Flexeder C, Musiol S, Bhattacharyya M, Schneider E, Altun I, Gschwendtner S, Neumann AU, Nano J, Schloter M, Peters A, Schulz H, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Standl M, Traidl‐Hoffmann C, Alessandrini F, Ussar S. Differential effects of lung inflammation on insulin resistance in humans and mice. Allergy 2022; 77:2482-2497. [PMID: 35060125 DOI: 10.1111/all.15226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rates of obesity, its associated diseases, and allergies are raising at alarming rates in most countries. House dust mites (HDM) are highly allergenic and exposure often associates with an urban sedentary indoor lifestyle, also resulting in obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological association and physiological impact of lung inflammation on obesity and glucose homeostasis. METHODS Epidemiological data from 2207 adults of the population-based KORA FF4 cohort were used to test associations between asthma and rhinitis with metrics of body weight and insulin sensitivity. To obtain functional insights, C57BL/6J mice were intranasally sensitized and challenged with HDM and simultaneously fed with either low-fat or high-fat diet for 12 weeks followed by a detailed metabolic and biochemical phenotyping of the lung, liver, and adipose tissues. RESULTS We found a direct association of asthma with insulin resistance but not body weight in humans. In mice, co-development of obesity and HDM-induced lung inflammation attenuated inflammation in lung and perigonadal fat, with little impact on body weight, but small shifts in the composition of gut microbiota. Exposure to HDM improved glucose tolerance, reduced hepatosteatosis, and increased energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate. These effects associate with increased activity of thermogenic adipose tissues independent of uncoupling protein 1. CONCLUSIONS Asthma associates with insulin resistance in humans, but HDM challenge results in opposing effects on glucose homeostasis in mice due to increased energy expenditure, reduced adipose inflammation, and hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Karlina
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Munich Germany
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Stephanie Musiol
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Madhumita Bhattacharyya
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany
| | - Evelyn Schneider
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Irem Altun
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Munich Germany
| | - Silvia Gschwendtner
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany
| | - Avidan U. Neumann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Augsburg Germany
| | - Jana Nano
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Munich Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Munich Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Augsburg Germany
- Environmental Medicine Technical University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Francesca Alessandrini
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Munich Germany
- Department of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
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Wang S, Zissler UM, Buettner M, Heine S, Heldner A, Kotz S, Pechtold L, Kau J, Plaschke M, Ullmann JT, Guerth F, Oelsner M, Alessandrini F, Blank S, Chaker AM, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Jakwerth CA. An exhausted phenotype of T H 2 cells is primed by allergen exposure, but not reinforced by allergen-specific immunotherapy. Allergy 2021; 76:2827-2839. [PMID: 33969495 DOI: 10.1111/all.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies show that proallergic TH 2 cells decrease after successful allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). It is likely that iatrogenic administration of allergens drives these cells to exhaustion due to chronic T-cell receptor stimulation. This study aimed to investigate the exhaustion of T cells in connection with allergen exposure during AIT in mice and two independent patient cohorts. METHODS OVA-sensitized C57BL/6J mice were challenged and treated with OVA, and the development of exhaustion in local and systemic TH 2 cells was analyzed. In patients, the expression of exhaustion-associated surface markers on TH 2 cells was evaluated using flow cytometry in a cross-sectional grass pollen allergy cohort with and without AIT. The treatment effect was further studied in PBMC collected from a prospective long-term AIT cohort. RESULTS The exhaustion-associated surface markers CTLA-4 and PD-1 were significantly upregulated on TH 2 cells upon OVA aerosol exposure in OVA-allergic compared to non-allergic mice. CTLA-4 and PD-1 decreased after AIT, in particular on the surface of local lung TH 2 cells. Similarly, CTLA-4 and PD-1 expression was enhanced on TH 2 cells from patients with allergic rhinitis with an even stronger effect in those with concomitant asthma. Using an unbiased Louvain clustering analysis, we discovered a late-differentiated TH 2 population expressing both markers that decreased during up-dosing but persisted long term during the maintenance phase. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that allergen exposure promotes CTLA-4 and PD-1 expression on TH 2 cells and that the dynamic change in frequencies of exhausted TH 2 cells exhibits a differential pattern during the up-dosing versus the maintenance phases of AIT.
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Zissler UM, Jakwerth CA, Guerth F, Lewitan L, Rothkirch S, Davidovic M, Ulrich M, Oelsner M, Garn H, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Chaker AM. Allergen-specific immunotherapy induces the suppressive secretoglobin 1A1 in cells of the lower airways. Allergy 2021; 76:2461-2474. [PMID: 33528894 DOI: 10.1111/all.14756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While several systemic immunomodulatory effects of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) have been discovered, local anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the respiratory tract are largely unknown. We sought to elucidate local and epithelial mechanisms underlying allergen-specific immunotherapy in a genome-wide approach. METHODS We induced sputum in hay fever patients and healthy controls during the pollen peak season and stratified patients by effective allergen immunotherapy or as untreated. Sputum was directly processed after induction and subjected to whole transcriptome RNA microarray analysis. Nasal secretions were analyzed for Secretoglobin1A1 (SCGB1A1) and IL-24 protein levels in an additional validation cohort at three defined time points during the 3-year course of AIT. Subsequently, RNA was extracted and subjected to an array-based whole transcriptome analysis. RESULTS Allergen-specific immunotherapy inhibited pro-inflammatory CXCL8, IL24, and CCL26mRNA expression, while SCGB1A1, IL7, CCL5, CCL23, and WNT5BmRNAs were induced independently of the asthma status and allergen season. In our validation cohort, local increase of SCGB1A1 occurred concomitantly with the reduction of local IL-24 in upper airways during the course of AIT. Additionally, SCGB1A1 was identified as a suppressor of epithelial gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Allergen-specific immunotherapy induces a yet unknown local gene expression footprint in the lower airways that on one hand appears to be a result of multiple regulatory pathways and on the other hand reveals SCGB1A1 as novel anti-inflammatory mediator of long-term allergen-specific therapeutic intervention in the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative Munich Germany
| | - Constanze A. Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Ferdinand Guerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Larissa Lewitan
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Medical School Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Sandra Rothkirch
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Medical School Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Miodrag Davidovic
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Medical School Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Moritz Ulrich
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Medical School Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Madlen Oelsner
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry Philipps University MarburgMedical FacultyMember of the German Center of Lung Research Marburg Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative Munich Germany
| | - Adam M. Chaker
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Medical School Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
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Rauer D, Gilles S, Wimmer M, Frank U, Mueller C, Musiol S, Vafadari B, Aglas L, Ferreira F, Schmitt‐Kopplin P, Durner J, Winkler JB, Ernst D, Behrendt H, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Traidl‐Hoffmann C, Alessandrini F. Ragweed plants grown under elevated CO 2 levels produce pollen which elicit stronger allergic lung inflammation. Allergy 2021; 76:1718-1730. [PMID: 33037672 DOI: 10.1111/all.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common ragweed has been spreading as a neophyte in Europe. Elevated CO2 levels, a hallmark of global climate change, have been shown to increase ragweed pollen production, but their effects on pollen allergenicity remain to be elucidated. METHODS Ragweed was grown in climate-controlled chambers under normal (380 ppm, control) or elevated (700 ppm, based on RCP4.5 scenario) CO2 levels. Aqueous pollen extracts (RWE) from control- or CO2 -pollen were administered in vivo in a mouse model for allergic disease (daily for 3-11 days, n = 5) and employed in human in vitro systems of nasal epithelial cells (HNECs), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), and HNEC-DC co-cultures. Additionally, adjuvant factors and metabolites in control- and CO2 -RWE were investigated using ELISA and untargeted metabolomics. RESULTS In vivo, CO2 -RWE induced stronger allergic lung inflammation compared to control-RWE, as indicated by lung inflammatory cell infiltrate and mediators, mucus hypersecretion, and serum total IgE. In vitro, HNECs stimulated with RWE increased indistinctively the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-6). In contrast, supernatants from CO2 -RWE-stimulated HNECs, compared to control-RWE-stimulated HNECS, significantly increased TNF and decreased IL-10 production in DCs. Comparable results were obtained by stimulating DCs directly with RWEs. The metabolome analysis revealed differential expression of secondary plant metabolites in control- vs CO2 -RWE. Mixes of these metabolites elicited similar responses in DCs as compared to respective RWEs. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that elevated ambient CO2 levels elicit a stronger RWE-induced allergic response in vivo and in vitro and that RWE increased allergenicity depends on the interplay of multiple metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Rauer
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
| | - Maria Wimmer
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
- Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Ulrike Frank
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP) Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany
| | - Constanze Mueller
- BGC Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany
| | - Stephanie Musiol
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
- Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Behnam Vafadari
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
| | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria
| | | | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP) Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany
| | - Jana Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany
| | - Dieter Ernst
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology (BIOP) Helmholtz Zentrum München Neuherberg Germany
| | - Heidrun Behrendt
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
- Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
- Outpatient Clinic for Environmental Medicine University Clinic Augsburg Augsburg Germany
- Christine‐Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐Care) Davos Switzerland
| | - Francesca Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
- Members of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
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8
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Weidner J, Bartel S, Kılıç A, Zissler UM, Renz H, Schwarze J, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Maes T, Rebane A, Krauss‐Etschmann S, Rådinger M. Spotlight on microRNAs in allergy and asthma. Allergy 2021; 76:1661-1678. [PMID: 33128813 PMCID: PMC8246745 DOI: 10.1111/all.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In past 10 years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained scientific attention due to their importance in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases and their potential as biomarkers in liquid biopsies. They act as master post‐transcriptional regulators that control most cellular processes. As one miRNA can target several mRNAs, often within the same pathway, dysregulated expression of miRNAs may alter particular cellular responses and contribute, or lead, to the development of various diseases. In this review, we give an overview of the current research on miRNAs in allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Specifically, we discuss how individual miRNAs function in the regulation of immune responses in epithelial cells and specialized immune cells in response to different environmental factors and respiratory viruses. In addition, we review insights obtained from experiments with murine models of allergic airway and skin inflammation and offer an overview of studies focusing on miRNA discovery using profiling techniques and bioinformatic modeling of the network effect of multiple miRNAs. In conclusion, we highlight the importance of research into miRNA function in allergy and asthma to improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this heterogeneous group of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Weidner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Krefting Research Centre Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Sabine Bartel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology GRIAC Research Institute University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Kılıç
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathobiochemie Philipps University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center MunichGerman Research Center for Environmental Health Munich Germany
| | - Tania Maes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Ana Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Susanne Krauss‐Etschmann
- Research Center Borstel Borstel Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine Christian‐Albrechts University Kiel Kiel Germany
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Krefting Research Centre Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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9
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Baumann R, Untersmayr E, Zissler UM, Eyerich S, Adcock IM, Brockow K, Biedermann T, Ollert M, Chaker AM, Pfaar O, Garn H, Thwaites RS, Togias A, Kowalski ML, Hansel TT, Jakwerth CA, Schmidt‐Weber CB. Noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques for the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases. Allergy 2021; 76:1010-1023. [PMID: 33128851 DOI: 10.1111/all.14645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases of the (upper and lower) airways, the skin and the gastrointestinal tract, are on the rise, resulting in impaired quality of life, decreased productivity, and increased healthcare costs. As allergic diseases are mostly tissue-specific, local sampling methods for respective biomarkers offer the potential for increased sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, local sampling using noninvasive or minimally invasive methods can be cost-effective and well tolerated, which may even be suitable for primary or home care sampling. Non- or minimally invasive local sampling and diagnostics may enable a more thorough endotyping, may help to avoid under- or overdiagnosis, and may provide the possibility to approach precision prevention, due to early diagnosis of these local diseases even before they get systemically manifested and detectable. At the same time, dried blood samples may help to facilitate minimal-invasive primary or home care sampling for classical systemic diagnostic approaches. This EAACI position paper contains a thorough review of the various technologies in allergy diagnosis available on the market, which analytes or biomarkers are employed, and which samples or matrices can be used. Based on this assessment, EAACI position is to drive these developments to efficiently identify allergy and possibly later also viral epidemics and take advantage of comprehensive knowledge to initiate preventions and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Baumann
- Medical Faculty Institute for Molecular Medicine Medical School Hamburg (MSH) – Medical University Hamburg Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Hospital Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München München Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) and the Helmholtz I&I Initiative Munich Germany
| | - Stefanie Eyerich
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München München Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) and the Helmholtz I&I Initiative Munich Germany
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, and Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein School of Medicine Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein School of Medicine Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA) University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Adam M. Chaker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München München Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) and the Helmholtz I&I Initiative Munich Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology Allergy Section Klinikum Rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Marburg Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Biochemical Pharmacological Center (BPC) ‐ Molecular Diagnostics, Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics Philipps University of Marburg ‐ Medical Faculty Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) Marburg Germany
| | - Ryan S. Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, and Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Alkis Togias
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Marek L. Kowalski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Trevor T. Hansel
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, and Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Constanze A. Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München München Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) and the Helmholtz I&I Initiative Munich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München München Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) and the Helmholtz I&I Initiative Munich Germany
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10
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Lauffer F, Baghin V, Standl M, Stark SP, Jargosch M, Wehrle J, Thomas J, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Biedermann T, Eyerich S, Eyerich K, Garzorz‐Stark N. Predicting persistence of atopic dermatitis in children using clinical attributes and serum proteins. Allergy 2021; 76:1158-1172. [PMID: 32794228 DOI: 10.1111/all.14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease in children, with 30% of all those diagnosed developing chronic or relapsing disease by adolescence. Such disease persistence cannot yet be predicted. The aim of the present study was to predict the natural course of AD using clinical parameters and serum proteins. METHODS Sera of 144 children with AD (age 0-3 years) were analyzed for IgE and 33 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Patient disease course until the age of 7 years was assessed retrospectively. Unsupervised k-means clustering was performed to define disease endotypes. Identified factors associated with AD persistence at the age of 7 years were validated in children with AD in an independent cohort (LISA Munich; n = 168). Logistic regression and XGBoosting methods followed by cross-validation were applied to predict individual disease outcomes. RESULTS Three distinct endotypes were found in infancy, characterized by a unique inflammatory signature. Factors associated with disease persistence were disease score (SCORAD), involvement of the limbs, flexural lesion distribution at the age of 3 years, allergic comorbidities, and disease exacerbation by the trigger factors stress, pollen exposure, and change in weather. Persistence was predicted with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 82.4%. Factors with a high impact on the prediction of persistence were SCORAD at the age of 3 years, trigger factors, and low VEGF serum levels. CONCLUSION Atopic dermatitis in infancy comprises three immunological endotypes. Disease persistence can be predicted using serum cytokines and clinical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lauffer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Veronika Baghin
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Center Munich ‐ German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany
| | - Sebastian P. Stark
- ZAUM ‐ Center of Allergy and Environment Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Manja Jargosch
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Julius Wehrle
- Department of Medicine I Medical Center University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Freiburg Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jenny Thomas
- ZAUM ‐ Center of Allergy and Environment Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- ZAUM ‐ Center of Allergy and Environment Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Stefanie Eyerich
- ZAUM ‐ Center of Allergy and Environment Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology Department of Medicine Solna, and Center for molecular medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Natalie Garzorz‐Stark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology Department of Medicine Solna, and Center for molecular medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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11
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Sokolowska M, Lukasik ZM, Agache I, Akdis CA, Akdis D, Akdis M, Barcik W, Brough HA, Eiwegger T, Eljaszewicz A, Eyerich S, Feleszko W, Gomez‐Casado C, Hoffmann‐Sommergruber K, Janda J, Jiménez‐Saiz R, Jutel M, Knol EF, Kortekaas Krohn I, Kothari A, Makowska J, Moniuszko M, Morita H, O'Mahony L, Nadeau K, Ozdemir C, Pali‐Schöll I, Palomares O, Papaleo F, Prunicki M, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Sediva A, Schwarze J, Shamji MH, Tramper‐Stranders GA, Veen W, Untersmayr E. Immunology of COVID-19: Mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics, and perspectives-A report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). Allergy 2020; 75:2445-2476. [PMID: 32584441 PMCID: PMC7361752 DOI: 10.1111/all.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the worldwide spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) has become one of the main challenges of our times. The high infection rate and the severe disease course led to major safety and social restriction measures worldwide. There is an urgent need of unbiased expert knowledge guiding the development of efficient treatment and prevention strategies. This report summarizes current immunological data on mechanisms associated with the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 development and progression to the most severe forms. We characterize the differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multiorgan disease. The similarities of the human immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and the SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV are underlined. We also summarize known and potential SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors on epithelial barriers, immune cells, endothelium and clinically involved organs such as lung, gut, kidney, cardiovascular, and neuronal system. Finally, we discuss the known and potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of comorbidities, gender, and age in development of COVID‐19. Consequently, we highlight the knowledge gaps and urgent research requirements to provide a quick roadmap for ongoing and needed COVID‐19 studies.
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12
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Jensen‐Jarolim E, Bachmann MF, Bonini S, Jacobsen L, Jutel M, Klimek L, Mahler V, Mösges R, Moingeon P, O´Hehir RE, Palomares O, Pfaar O, Renz H, Rhyner C, Roth‐Walter F, Rudenko M, Savolainen J, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Traidl‐Hoffmann C, Kündig T. State-of-the-art in marketed adjuvants and formulations in Allergen Immunotherapy: A position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). Allergy 2020; 75:746-760. [PMID: 31774179 DOI: 10.1111/all.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the introduction of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) over 100 years ago, focus has been on standardization of allergen extracts, with reliable molecular composition of allergens receiving the highest attention. While adjuvants play a major role in European AIT, they have been less well studied. In this Position Paper, we summarize current unmet needs of adjuvants in AIT citing current evidence. Four adjuvants are used in products marketed in Europe: aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3 ) is the most frequently used adjuvant, with microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT), monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and calcium phosphate (CaP) used less frequently. Recent studies on humans, and using mouse models, have characterized in part the mechanisms of action of adjuvants on pre-existing immune responses. AIT differs from prophylactic vaccines that provoke immunity to infectious agents, as in allergy the patient is presensitized to the antigen. The intended mode of action of adjuvants is to simultaneously enhance the immunogenicity of the allergen, while precipitating the allergen at the injection site to reduce the risk of anaphylaxis. Contrasting immune effects are seen with different adjuvants. Aluminium hydroxide initially boosts Th2 responses, while the other adjuvants utilized in AIT redirect the Th2 immune response towards Th1 immunity. After varying lengths of time, each of the adjuvants supports tolerance. Further studies of the mechanisms of action of adjuvants may advise shorter treatment periods than the current three-to-five-year regimens, enhancing patient adherence. Improved lead compounds from the adjuvant pipeline are under development and are explored for their capacity to fill this unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology & Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University of Vienna University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Institute of Immunology Inselspital University of Berne Bern Switzerland
| | - Sergio Bonini
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology Italian National Research Council Rome Italy
| | - Lars Jacobsen
- ALC, Allergy Learning & Consulting Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wrocław Poland
- ALL‐MED Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Center of Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden Germany
| | - Vera Mahler
- Division of Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines Langen Germany
| | - Ralph Mösges
- CRI‐Clinical Research International Ltd Hamburg Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Philippe Moingeon
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation – Immuno‐Inflammatory Disease Servier Suresnes France
| | - Robyn E. O´Hehir
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Research) Central Clinical School Monash University and Alfred Hospital Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Chemistry School Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Philipps Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Claudio Rhyner
- SIAF – Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research Davos Switzerland
| | - Franziska Roth‐Walter
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University of Vienna University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Johannes Savolainen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) German Center of Lung Research (DZL) and Helmholtz I&I Initiative Technical University, and Helmholtz Center Munich Munich Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IEM) Technical University Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Kündig
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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13
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Pfaar O, Agache I, Blay F, Bonini S, Chaker AM, Durham SR, Gawlik R, Hellings PW, Jutel M, Kleine‐Tebbe J, Klimek L, Kopp MV, Nandy A, Rabin RL, Ree R, Renz H, Roberts G, Salapatek A, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Shamji MH, Sturm GJ, Virchow JC, Wahn U, Willers C, Zieglmayer P, Akdis CA. Perspectives in allergen immunotherapy: 2019 and beyond. Allergy 2019; 74 Suppl 108:3-25. [PMID: 31872476 DOI: 10.1111/all.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The seventh "Future of the Allergists and Specific Immunotherapy (FASIT)" workshop held in 2019 provided a platform for global experts from academia, allergy clinics, regulatory authorities and industry to review current developments in the field of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Key domains of the meeting included the following: (a) Biomarkers for AIT and allergic asthma; (b) visions for the future of AIT; (c) progress and data for AIT in asthma and the updates of GINA and EAACI Asthma Guidelines (separated for house dust mite SCIT, SLIT tablets and SLIT drops; patient populations) including a review of clinically relevant endpoints in AIT studies in asthma; (d) regulatory prerequisites such as the "Therapy Allergen Ordinance" in Germany; (e) optimization of trial design in AIT clinical research; (f) challenges planning and conducting phase III (field) studies and the future role of Allergen Exposure Chambers (AEC) in AIT product development from the regulatory point of view. We report a summary of panel discussions of all six domains and highlight unmet needs and possible solutions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital Marburg Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University Brasov Romania
| | - Frédéric Blay
- Pneumology Department New Civil Hospital Strasbourg‐Cedex France
| | - Sergio Bonini
- Institute of Translational Medicine Italian National Research Council Rome Italy
| | - Adam M. Chaker
- Department of Otolaryngology and Center of Allergy and Environment TUM School of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Stephen R. Durham
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Radoslaw Gawlik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergology and Clinical Immunology Silesian University of Medicine Katowice Poland
| | - Peter W. Hellings
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology University Hospitals of Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience University of Ghent Ghent Belgium
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wroclaw Poland
- All‐Med Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
| | - Jörg Kleine‐Tebbe
- Allergy & Asthma Center Westend Outpatient Clinic and Clinical Research Center Berlin Germany
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden Germany
| | - Matthias V. Kopp
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
- Member of the Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL) Airway Research Center North (ARCN) Luebeck Germany
| | - Andreas Nandy
- Research & Development Allergopharma GmbH & Co. KG Reinbek Germany
| | - Ronald L. Rabin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| | - Ronald Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centers Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Harald Renz
- Department Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry Molecular Diagnostics University Giessen and Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Graham Roberts
- Paediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK
- David Hide Asthma and Allergy Centre St Mary’s Hospital Isle of Wight UK
| | | | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Lübeck Germany
| | - Mohamed H. Shamji
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London London UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Gunter J. Sturm
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
- Allergy Outpatient Clinic Reumannplatz Vienna Austria
| | - J. Christian Virchow
- Department Pulmonology & Interdisciplinary Intensive Care Medicine Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - Ulrich Wahn
- Department for Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology Charité Medical University Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Christine‐Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
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14
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Gutermuth J, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Blank S. Supporting allergen-specific immunotherapy by inhibition of Janus kinases. Allergy 2019; 74:1814-1816. [PMID: 30953592 DOI: 10.1111/all.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gutermuth
- Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Munich Germany
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15
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Henkel FDR, Friedl A, Haid M, Thomas D, Bouchery T, Haimerl P, de los Reyes Jiménez M, Alessandrini F, Schmidt‐Weber CB, Harris NL, Adamski J, Esser‐von Bieren J. House dust mite drives proinflammatory eicosanoid reprogramming and macrophage effector functions. Allergy 2019; 74:1090-1101. [PMID: 30554425 DOI: 10.1111/all.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosanoid lipid mediators play key roles in type 2 immune responses, for example in allergy and asthma. Macrophages represent major producers of eicosanoids and they are key effector cells of type 2 immunity. We aimed to comprehensively track eicosanoid profiles during type 2 immune responses to house dust mite (HDM) or helminth infection and to identify mechanisms and functions of eicosanoid reprogramming in human macrophages. METHODS We established an LC-MS/MS workflow for the quantification of 52 oxylipins to analyze mediator profiles in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) stimulated with HDM and during allergic airway inflammation (AAI) or nematode infection in mice. Expression of eicosanoid enzymes was studied by qPCR and western blot and cytokine production was assessed by multiplex assays. RESULTS Short (24 h) exposure of alveolar-like MDM (aMDM) to HDM suppressed 5-LOX expression and product formation, while triggering prostanoid (thromboxane and prostaglandin D2 and E2 ) production. This eicosanoid reprogramming was p38-dependent, but dectin-2-independent. HDM also induced proinflammatory cytokine production, but reduced granulocyte recruitment by aMDM. In contrast, high levels of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) and 12-/15-LOX metabolites were produced in the airways during AAI or nematode infection in mice. CONCLUSION Our findings show that a short exposure to allergens as well as ongoing type 2 immune responses are characterized by a fundamental reprogramming of the lipid mediator metabolism with macrophages representing particularly plastic responder cells. Targeting mediator reprogramming in airway macrophages may represent a viable approach to prevent pathogenic lipid mediator profiles in allergy or asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona D. R. Henkel
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich member of the German Center for Lung Research 80802 Munich Germany
| | - Antonie Friedl
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich member of the German Center for Lung Research 80802 Munich Germany
| | - Mark Haid
- Institute of Experimental Genetics Genome Analysis Center 85764 NeuherbergGermany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Goethe University Frankfurt 60590Frankfurt Germany
| | - Tiffany Bouchery
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Global Health Institute School of Life Sciences École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 LausanneSwitzerland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Monash University Central Clinical School Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct Clayton VIC 3800Australia
| | - Pascal Haimerl
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich member of the German Center for Lung Research 80802 Munich Germany
| | - Marta de los Reyes Jiménez
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich member of the German Center for Lung Research 80802 Munich Germany
| | - Francesca Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich member of the German Center for Lung Research 80802 Munich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich member of the German Center for Lung Research 80802 Munich Germany
| | - Nicola L. Harris
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Global Health Institute School of Life Sciences École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 LausanneSwitzerland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology Monash University Central Clinical School Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct Clayton VIC 3800Australia
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics Genome Analysis Center 85764 NeuherbergGermany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik Technische Universität München 85350 Freising‐Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Julia Esser‐von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich member of the German Center for Lung Research 80802 Munich Germany
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