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Dunning DL, Parker J, Griffiths K, Bennett M, Archer-Boyd A, Bevan A, Ahmed S, Griffin C, Foulkes L, Leung J, Sakhardande A, Manly T, Kuyken W, Williams JMG, Blakemore SJ, Dalgleish T. Sustaining attention in affective contexts during adolescence: age-related differences and association with elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cogn Emot 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38712807 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2348730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Sustained attention, a key cognitive skill that improves during childhood and adolescence, tends to be worse in some emotional and behavioural disorders. Sustained attention is typically studied in non-affective task contexts; here, we used a novel task to index performance in affective versus neutral contexts across adolescence (N = 465; ages 11-18). We asked whether: (i) performance would be worse in negative versus neutral task contexts; (ii) performance would improve with age; (iii) affective interference would be greater in younger adolescents; (iv) adolescents at risk for depression and higher in anxiety would show overall worse performance; and (v) would show differential performance in negative contexts. Results indicated that participants performed more poorly in negative contexts and showed age-related performance improvements. Those at risk of depression performed more poorly than those at lower risk. However, there was no difference between groups as a result of affective context. For anxiety there was no difference in performance as a function of severity. However, those with higher anxiety showed less variance in their reaction times to negative stimuli than those with lower anxiety. One interpretation is that moderate levels of emotional arousal associated with anxiety make individuals less susceptible to the distracting effects of negative stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Dunning
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
- Health Research Methods Unit, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - J Parker
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Griffiths
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Bennett
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Archer-Boyd
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Bevan
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Ahmed
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Griffin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Foulkes
- School of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Leung
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Sakhardande
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - T Manly
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - W Kuyken
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J M G Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S-J Blakemore
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Griffin C, Saint-Jeannet JP. Human stem cell model of neural crest cell differentiation reveals a requirement of SF3B4 in survival, maintenance, and differentiation. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.25.577202. [PMID: 38328054 PMCID: PMC10849718 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.25.577202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In vitro modeling is a powerful approach to investigate the pathomechanisms driving human congenital conditions. Here we use human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to model Nager and Rodriguez syndromes, two craniofacial conditions characterized by hypoplastic neural crest-derived craniofacial bones, caused by pathogenic variants of SF3B4, a core component of the spliceosome. We observed that siRNA-mediated knockdown of SF3B4 interferes with the production of hESC-derived neural crest cells, as seen by a marked reduction in neural crest gene expression. This phenotype is associated with an increase in neural crest cell apoptosis and premature neuronal differentiation. Altogether these results point at a role of SF3B4 in neural crest cell survival, maintenance, and differentiation. We propose that the dysregulation of these processes may contribute to Nager/Rodriguez syndrome associated craniofacial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Griffin
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
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Rush A, Weil C, Siminoff L, Griffin C, Paul CL, Mahadevan A, Sutherland G. The Experts Speak: Challenges in Banking Brain Tissue for Research. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:179-184. [PMID: 38621226 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2024.29135.ajr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Rush
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Weil
- Independent Consultant, Human Research Protections and Bioethics, Bethesda, USA
| | - L Siminoff
- College of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C Griffin
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - C L Paul
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - A Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - G Sutherland
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Griffin C, Coppenrath K, Khan D, Lin Z, Horb M, Saint-Jeannet JP. Sf3b4 mutation in Xenopus tropicalis causes RNA splicing defects followed by massive gene dysregulation that disrupt cranial neural crest development. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.31.578190. [PMID: 38352410 PMCID: PMC10862923 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Nager syndrome is a rare craniofacial and limb disorder characterized by midface retrusion, micrognathia, absent thumbs, and radial hypoplasia. This disorder results from haploinsufficiency of SF3B4 (splicing factor 3b, subunit 4) a component of the pre-mRNA spliceosomal machinery. The spliceosome is a complex of RNA and proteins that function together to remove introns and join exons from transcribed pre-mRNA. While the spliceosome is present and functions in all cells of the body, most spliceosomopathies - including Nager syndrome - are cell/tissue-specific in their pathology. In Nager syndrome patients, it is the neural crest (NC)-derived craniofacial skeletal structures that are primarily affected. To understand the pathomechanism underlying this condition, we generated a Xenopus tropicalis sf3b4 mutant line using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. Here we describe the sf3b4 mutant phenotype at neurula, tail bud, and tadpole stages, and performed temporal RNA-sequencing analysis to characterize the splicing events and transcriptional changes underlying this phenotype. Our data show that while loss of one copy of sf3b4 is largely inconsequential in Xenopus tropicalis, homozygous deletion of sf3b4 causes major splicing defects and massive gene dysregulation, which disrupt cranial NC cell migration and survival, thereby pointing at an essential role of Sf3b4 in craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Griffin
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Kelsey Coppenrath
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering and National Xenopus Resource, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Doha Khan
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Ziyan Lin
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marko Horb
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering and National Xenopus Resource, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
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Griffin C, Saint-Jeannet JP. In vitro modeling of cranial placode differentiation: Recent advances, challenges, and perspectives. Dev Biol 2024; 506:20-30. [PMID: 38052294 PMCID: PMC10843546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cranial placodes are transient ectodermal thickenings that contribute to a diverse array of organs in the vertebrate head. They develop from a common territory, the pre-placodal region that over time segregates along the antero-posterior axis into individual placodal domains: the adenohypophyseal, olfactory, lens, trigeminal, otic, and epibranchial placodes. These placodes terminally differentiate into the anterior pituitary, the lens, and contribute to sensory organs including the olfactory epithelium, and inner ear, as well as several cranial ganglia. To study cranial placodes and their derivatives and generate cells for therapeutic purposes, several groups have turned to in vitro derivation of placodal cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In this review, we summarize the signaling cues and mechanisms involved in cranial placode induction, specification, and differentiation in vivo, and discuss how this knowledge has informed protocols to derive cranial placodes in vitro. We also discuss the benefits and limitations of these protocols, and the potential of in vitro cranial placode modeling in regenerative medicine to treat cranial placode-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Griffin
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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Huddart R, Hafeez S, Omar A, Alonzi R, Birtle A, Cheung KC, Choudhury A, Foroudi F, Gribble H, Henry A, Hilman S, Hindson B, Lewis R, Muthukumar D, McLaren DB, McNair H, Nikapota A, Olorunfemi A, Parikh O, Philipps L, Rimmer Y, Syndikus I, Tolentino A, Varughese M, Vassallo-Bonner C, Webster A, Griffin C, Hall E. Acute Toxicity of Hypofractionated and Conventionally Fractionated (Chemo)Radiotherapy Regimens for Bladder Cancer: An Exploratory Analysis from the RAIDER Trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:586-597. [PMID: 37225552 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Adding concurrent (chemo)therapy to radiotherapy improves outcomes for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. A recent meta-analysis showed superior invasive locoregional disease control for a hypofractionated 55 Gy in 20 fractions schedule compared with 64 Gy in 32 fractions. In the RAIDER clinical trial, patients undergoing 20 or 32 fractions of radical radiotherapy were randomised (1:1:2) to standard radiotherapy or to standard-dose or escalated-dose adaptive radiotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concomitant therapy were permitted. We report exploratory analyses of acute toxicity by concomitant therapy-fractionation schedule combination. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants had unifocal bladder urothelial carcinoma staged T2-T4a N0 M0. Acute toxicity was assessed (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) weekly during radiotherapy and at 10 weeks after the start of treatment. Within each fractionation cohort, non-randomised comparisons of the proportion of patients reporting treatment emergent grade 2 or worse genitourinary, gastrointestinal or other adverse events at any point in the acute period were carried out using Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Between September 2015 and April 2020, 345 (163 receiving 20 fractions; 182 receiving 32 fractions) patients were recruited from 46 centres. The median age was 73 years; 49% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy; 71% received concomitant therapy, with 5-fluorouracil/mitomycin C most commonly used: 44/114 (39%) receiving 20 fractions; 94/130 (72%) receiving 32 fractions. The acute grade 2+ gastrointestinal toxicity rate was higher in those receiving concomitant therapy compared with radiotherapy alone in the 20-fraction cohort [54/111 (49%) versus 7/49 (14%), P < 0.001] but not in the 32-fraction cohort (P = 0.355). Grade 2+ gastrointestinal toxicity was highest for gemcitabine, with evidence of significant differences across therapies in the 32-fraction cohort (P = 0.006), with a similar pattern but no significant differences in the 20-fraction cohort (P = 0.099). There was no evidence of differences in grade 2+ genitourinary toxicity between concomitant therapies in either the 20- or 32-fraction cohorts. CONCLUSION Grade 2+ acute adverse events are common. The toxicity profile varied by type of concomitant therapy; the gastrointestinal toxicity rate seemed to be higher in patients receiving gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Huddart
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Radiotherapy Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - S Hafeez
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Radiotherapy Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Omar
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Alonzi
- Clinical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Middlesex, UK
| | - A Birtle
- Cancer Oncology, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Lancashire, UK
| | - K C Cheung
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Choudhury
- Translational Radiobiology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - F Foroudi
- Radiation Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - H Gribble
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Henry
- University of Leeds and the Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - S Hilman
- Clinical Oncology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - B Hindson
- Canterbury Regional Cancer and Haematology Service, Te Whatu Ora, Waitaha Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - R Lewis
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - D Muthukumar
- Oncology, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, UK
| | - D B McLaren
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Edinburgh Cancer Centre, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H McNair
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Radiotherapy Department, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Nikapota
- Clinical Oncology, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - A Olorunfemi
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - O Parikh
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Burnley, UK
| | - L Philipps
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Y Rimmer
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Syndikus
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Tolentino
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Varughese
- Department of Oncology, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - C Vassallo-Bonner
- Patient Representative, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Webster
- National Radiotherapy Trials Quality Assurance Group (RTTQA), University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Griffin
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - E Hall
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Devotta A, Juraver-Geslin H, Griffin C, Saint-Jeannet JP. Npr3 regulates neural crest and cranial placode progenitors formation through its dual function as clearance and signaling receptor. eLife 2023; 12:84036. [PMID: 37162198 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptide signaling has been implicated in a broad range of physiological processes, regulating blood volume and pressure, ventricular hypertrophy, fat metabolism, and long bone growth. Here we describe a completely novel role for natriuretic peptide signaling in the control of neural crest (NC) and cranial placode (CP) progenitors formation. Among the components of this signaling pathway, we show that natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (Npr3) plays a pivotal role by differentially regulating two developmental programs through its dual function as clearance and signaling receptor. Using a combination of MO-based knockdowns, pharmacological inhibitors and rescue assays we demonstrate that Npr3 cooperate with guanylate cyclase natriuretic peptide receptor 1 (Npr1) and natriuretic peptides (Nppa/Nppc) to regulate NC and CP formation, pointing at a broad requirement of this signaling pathway in early embryogenesis. We propose that Npr3 acts as a clearance receptor to regulate local concentrations of natriuretic peptides for optimal cGMP production through Npr1 activation, and as a signaling receptor to control cAMP levels through inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. The intracellular modulation of these second messengers therefore participates in the segregation of NC and CP cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Devotta
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Hugo Juraver-Geslin
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Casey Griffin
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, United States
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Ratnakumaran R, van As N, Khoo V, McDonald F, Tait D, Ahmed M, Taylor H, Griffin C, Dunne EM, Tree AC. Patterns of Failure After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy to Sacral Metastases. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:339-346. [PMID: 36805131 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is increasingly used to treat sacral metastases. We analysed our centre's local relapse rates and patterns of failure after sacral SBRT and assessed whether using the consensus contouring recommendation (CCR) may have prevented local relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a single-centre retrospective review of patients treated with sacral SBRT between February 2012 and December 2021. The cumulative incidence of local relapse, patterns of failure and overall survival were determined. Two investigators reviewed planning computed tomography scans and imaging at relapse to determine if local relapse was potentially preventable with a larger CCR-derived radiotherapy field. RESULTS In total, 34 patients received sacral SBRT, with doses ranging from 24 to 40 Gy over three to five fractions. The most frequently used schedule was 30 Gy in three fractions. Common primaries treated included prostate (n = 16), breast (n = 6), lung (n = 3) and renal (n = 3) cancers. The median follow-up was 20 months (interquartile range 13-55 months). The cumulative incidence of local relapse (4/34) was 2.9% (95% confidence interval 0.2-13.2), 6.3% (95% confidence interval 1.1-18.5) and 16.8% (95% confidence interval 4.7-35.4) at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, respectively. The patterns of failure were local-only (1/34), local and distant (3/34) and distant relapse (10/34). The overall survival was 96.7% (95% confidence interval 90.5-100) and 90.6% (95% confidence interval 78.6-100) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. For prostate/breast primaries, the cumulative incidence of local relapse was 4.5% (95% confidence interval 0.3-19.4), 4.5% (95% confidence interval 0.3-19.4) and 12.5% (95% confidence interval 1.7-34.8) at 6 months, 1 and 2 years, respectively. Twenty-nine cases (85.3%) deviated from the CCR. Sacral relapse was potentially preventable if the CCR was used in one patient (2.9% of the whole cohort and 25% of the relapsed cohort). DISCUSSION We have shown excellent local control rates with sacral SBRT, which was largely planned with a margin expansion approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ratnakumaran
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK; Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - N van As
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK; Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - V Khoo
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK; Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - F McDonald
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK; Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - D Tait
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK; Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Ahmed
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK; Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - H Taylor
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - C Griffin
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, London, UK
| | - E M Dunne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer - Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A C Tree
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK; Radiotherapy and Imaging Division, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Dunning D, Ahmed S, Foulkes L, Griffin C, Griffiths K, Leung JT, Parker J, Piera Pi-Sunyer B, Sakhardande A, Bennett M, Haag C, Montero-Marin J, Packman D, Vainre M, Watson P, Kuyken W, Williams JMG, Ukoumunne OC, Blakemore SJ, Dalgleish T. The impact of mindfulness training in early adolescence on affective executive control, and on later mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomised controlled trial. Evid Based Ment Health 2022; 25:ebmental-2022-300460. [PMID: 35820991 PMCID: PMC9340025 DOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2022-300460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that mindfulness training (MT) appears effective at improving mental health in young people. MT is proposed to work through improving executive control in affectively laden contexts. However, it is unclear whether MT improves such control in young people. MT appears to mitigate mental health difficulties during periods of stress, but any mitigating effects against COVID-related difficulties remain unexamined. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether MT (intervention) versus psychoeducation (Psy-Ed; control), implemented in after-school classes: (1) Improves affective executive control; and/or (2) Mitigates negative mental health impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A parallel randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted (Registration: https://osf.io/d6y9q/; Funding: Wellcome (WT104908/Z/14/Z, WT107496/Z/15/Z)). 460 students aged 11-16 years were recruited and randomised 1:1 to either MT (N=235) or Psy-Ed (N=225) and assessed preintervention and postintervention on experimental tasks and self-report inventories of affective executive control. The RCT was then extended to evaluate protective functions of MT on mental health assessed after the first UK COVID-19 lockdown. FINDINGS Results provided no evidence that the version of MT used here improved affective executive control after training or mitigated negative consequences on mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic relative to Psy-Ed. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence that MT improves affective control or downstream mental health of young people during stressful periods. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS We need to identify interventions that can enhance affective control and thereby young people's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Dunning
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - S Ahmed
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Foulkes
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Griffin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Griffiths
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - J T Leung
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Parker
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | | | - A Sakhardande
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Bennett
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - C Haag
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Teaching, Research and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - D Packman
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Maris Vainre
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - P Watson
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - J Mark G Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Obioha C Ukoumunne
- NIHR CLAHRC South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
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Dearnaley D, Hinder V, Hijab A, Horan G, Srihari N, Rich P, Houston G, Henry A, Gibbs S, Venkitaraman R, Cruickshank C, Hassan S, Mason M, Pedley I, Payne H, Brock S, Wade R, Robinson A, Din O, Lees K, Murray J, Parker C, Griffin C, Sohaib A, Hall E. OC-0105 PROMPTS RCT of screening MRI for spinal cord compression in prostate cancer (ISRCTN74112318). Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Spira A, Ramalingam S, Neal J, Piotrowska Z, Mekhail T, Tsao A, Gentzler R, Riely G, Bazhenova L, Gadgeel S, Nguyen D, Johnson M, Vincent S, Jin S, Griffin C, Bunn V, Lin J, Churchill E, Mehta M, Janne P. OA15.01 Mobocertinib in EGFR Exon 20 Insertion–Positive Metastatic NSCLC Patients With Disease Control on Prior EGFR TKI Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Nguyen D, Ramalingam S, Spira A, Riely G, Kim T, Yang JH, Piotrowska Z, Campelo MG, Felip E, Bazhenova L, Jin S, Griffin C, Diderichsen P, Gupta N, Bunn V, Lin J, Churchill E, Mehta M, Zhou C, Janne P. 1218P Characterization of GI toxicities and their impact on efficacy in patients (pts) with EGFR exon 20 insertion+ (ex20ins+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with mobocertinib (TAK-788) who previously received platinum chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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13
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Yang JH, Ramalingam S, Kim T, Kim SW, Riely G, Mekhail T, Nguyen D, Campelo MG, Felip E, Bazhenova L, Jin S, Griffin C, Bunn V, Lin J, Churchill E, Mehta M, Janne P, Zhou C. 1231P Characterization and management of mobocertinib (TAK-788) induced skin toxicity in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion+ (ex20ins+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who previously received platinum chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Tree A, Hall E, Ostler P, van der Voet H, Loblaw A, Chu W, Ford D, Tolan S, Jain S, Martin A, Staffurth J, Camilleri P, Kancherla K, Frew J, Brand D, Chan A, Dayes I, Brown S, Pugh J, Burnett S, Dufton A, Griffin C, Mahmud M, Naismith O, van As N, of the O. OC-0289 Comparison of side effects at 2 years in the randomised PACE-B trial (SBRT vs standard radiotherapy). Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Huddart R, Hafeez S, Omar A, Choudhury A, Birtle A, Syndikus I, Hindson B, Varughese M, Henry A, McLaren D, Foroud F, Webster A, McNair H, Tolentino A, Webster L, Gribble H, Philipps L, Nikapota A, Parikh O, Alonzi R, Mahmood R, Hilman S, Rimmer Y, Griffin C, Hall E. OC-0513 Acute toxicity of hypo- and conventionally-fractionated radiosensitised bladder radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Clarke HJ, Griffin C, Hennessy D, O'Callaghan TF, O'Sullivan MG, Kerry JP, Kilcawley KN. Effect of bovine feeding system (pasture or concentrate) on the oxidative and sensory shelf life of whole milk powder. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10654-10668. [PMID: 34275630 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Correlating volatile compounds with the sensory attributes of whole milk powder (WMP) is fundamental for appreciating the effect of lipid oxidation (LO) on sensory perception. LO compounds can adversely affect the sensory perception of WMP by imparting rancid, metallic, and painty notes. Whole milk powders derived from milk produced by cows maintained on a pasture diet (grass and grass-clover mix) versus a nonpasture diet [total mixed ration (TMR); concentrates and silage] were stored at room temperature 21°C (ambient storage) and 37°C (accelerated storage) and analyzed for volatile compounds and sensory attributes every 2 mo for a total of 6 mo. Thirteen volatile compounds originating from LO were chosen to track the volatile profile of the WMP during storage. Color, composition, total fatty acid, and free fatty acid profiling were also carried out. Significant variations in the concentrations of 14 fatty acids were observed in WMP based on diet. Concentrations of free fatty acids increased in all sample types during storage. Similar trends in sensory attributes were observed with an increase in painty attributes, corresponding to an increase in hexanal. Buttery/toffee attributes were found to be more closely correlated with TMR WMP. Those WMP derived from pasture diets were found to be more susceptible to LO from a volatile perspective, particularly in relation to aldehyde development, which is likely due to increased concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid found in these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Clarke
- Food Quality and Sensory Science, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996, Ireland; Sensory Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 R229, Ireland
| | - C Griffin
- Food Industry Development, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, D15 DY05, Ireland
| | - D Hennessy
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - T F O'Callaghan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 R229, Ireland
| | - M G O'Sullivan
- Sensory Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 R229, Ireland
| | - J P Kerry
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 R229, Ireland
| | - K N Kilcawley
- Food Quality and Sensory Science, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996, Ireland.
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17
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Zhang S, Jin S, Griffin C, Feng Z, Lin J, Brake R, Venkatakrishnan K, Gupta N. OFP01.08 Tolerability, Low-Fat Meal Effect, and Relative Bioavailability (BA) of Oral EGFR Inhibitor TAK-788 in Healthy Volunteers. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Hafeez S, Lewis R, Griffin C, Hall E, Huddart R. Failing to Close the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Practice in Radical Bladder Cancer Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:46-49. [PMID: 32762980 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Hafeez
- Department of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - R Lewis
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C Griffin
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - E Hall
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Huddart
- Department of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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19
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Zhang S, Jin S, Griffin C, Feng Z, Lin J, Venkatakrishnan K, Gupta N. TT01.03 Drug-Drug Interaction of Oral EGFR Inhibitor TAK-788 With Itraconazole and Rifampin in Healthy Volunteers. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Webster A, McNair H, Hansen V, Hafeez S, Lewis R, Griffin C, Hall E, Huddart R. OC-0590: Multicentre dual-trial implementation of plan of the day (PoD) adaptive radiotherapy: lessons learnt. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Ahmed S, Foulkes L, Leung JT, Griffin C, Sakhardande A, Bennett M, Dunning DL, Griffiths K, Parker J, Kuyken W, Williams JMG, Dalgleish T, Blakemore SJ. Susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence in adolescence. J Adolesc 2020; 84:56-68. [PMID: 32858504 PMCID: PMC7674583 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Adolescents are particularly susceptible to social influence and previous studies have shown that this susceptibility decreases with age. The current study used a cross-sectional experimental paradigm to investigate the effect of age and puberty on susceptibility to both prosocial and antisocial influence. Methods Participants (N = 520) aged 11–18 from London and Cambridge (United Kingdom) rated how likely they would be to engage in a prosocial (e.g. “help a classmate with their work”) or antisocial (e.g. “make fun of a classmate”) act. They were then shown the average rating (in fact fictitious) that other adolescents had given to the same question, and were then asked to rate the same behaviour again. Results Both prosocial and antisocial influence decreased linearly with age, with younger adolescents being more socially influenced when other adolescents’ ratings were more prosocial and less antisocial than their own initial rating. Both antisocial and prosocial influence significantly decreased across puberty for boys but not girls (independent of age). Conclusions These findings suggest that social influence declines with increasing maturity across adolescence. However, the exact relationship between social influence and maturity is dependent on the nature of the social influence and gender. Understanding when adolescents are most susceptible to different types of social influence, and how this might influence their social behaviour, has important implications for understanding adolescent social development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.
| | - L Foulkes
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - J T Leung
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - C Griffin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - A Sakhardande
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - M Bennett
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - D L Dunning
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - K Griffiths
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - J Parker
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - W Kuyken
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - J M G Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - T Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - S J Blakemore
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK; Department of Psychology, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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22
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Aydin A, Griffin C, Brunckhorst O, Mcilhenny C, Brewin J, Raison N, Al-Jabir A, Shabbir M, Palou Redorta J, Khan M, Dasgupta P, Ahmed K. Validity assessment of the Non-Technical Skills for Urological Surgeons (NoTSUS) curriculum and assessment scale. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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23
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Griffin C, Saint-Jeannet JP. Spliceosomopathies: Diseases and mechanisms. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1038-1046. [PMID: 32506634 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spliceosome is a complex of RNA and proteins that function together to identify intron-exon junctions in precursor messenger-RNAs, splice out the introns, and join the flanking exons. Mutations in any one of the genes encoding the proteins that make up the spliceosome may result in diseases known as spliceosomopathies. While the spliceosome is active in all cell types, with the majority of the proteins presumably expressed ubiquitously, spliceosomopathies tend to be tissue-specific as a result of germ line or somatic mutations, with phenotypes affecting primarily the retina in retinitis pigmentosa, hematopoietic lineages in myelodysplastic syndromes, or the craniofacial skeleton in mandibulofacial dysostosis. Here we describe the major spliceosomopathies, review the proposed mechanisms underlying retinitis pigmentosa and myelodysplastic syndromes, and discuss how this knowledge may inform our understanding of craniofacial spliceosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Griffin
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Saint-Jeannet
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Calle MBDL, Szilagyi S, Berendsen B, Barbosa J, Berendsen B, Bockhorn I, Brandtner M, Delahaut P, Fuerst P, Griffin C, Hager D, Janosi A, Kennedy G, Laska H, Mandix M, Plonevez S, Posyniak A, Verdon E. Determination of Semicarbazide in Fresh Egg and Whole Egg Powder by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Interlaboratory Validation Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/89.6.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An interlaboratory validation study was conducted according to harmonized protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of semicarbazide (SEM) in fresh whole egg and in an industrially processed whole egg powder. The sample was extracted with hydrochloric acid and derivatized with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, with 1,2-[15N213C]SEM as the internal standard. The extract was neutralized and purified on a solid-phase extraction cartridge. SEM was determined by reversed-phase LC with detection by MS/MS. Five fresh egg samples, of which 3 were obtained from hens fed nitrofurazone (NFZ), one was spiked with SEM at 50 μg/kg and one was a blank sample, and 5 industrial whole egg powder samples, of which 3 were spiked with fresh whole egg from hens fed NFZ, one was spiked with SEM at 350 μg/kg, and one was a blank sample, were sent to 15 laboratories in 10 different European countries. Results were obtained from 12 participants. Average recoveries of SEM from the fresh egg and the egg powder samples were 105.3 and 121.3%, respectively. The relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 2.9 to 9.3%, and the relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 22.5 to 38.1%. The method showed acceptable within- and between-laboratory precision for both matrixes, as evidenced by the HorRat values, at the target levels for the determination of SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz De La Calle
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - Szilard Szilagyi
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - B Berendsen
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
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25
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Ginn R, Wilson L, De Souza SVC, Dela Calle MB, Barbosa J, Berendsen B, Bockhorn I, Brandtner M, Delahaut P, Doering T, Fuerst P, Griffin C, Gude T, Janosi A, Jaus A, Kennedy G, Mandix M, Matencio Hilla E, Plonevez S, Posyniak A, Saari L, van Bruijnsvoort M, Verdon E, Wohlfarth R. Determination of Semicarbazide in Baby Food by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Interlaboratory Validation Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/89.3.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An interlaboratory validation study funded by the European Commission, Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection (DG SANCO), was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of semicarbazide (SEM) in different types of baby food at a possible future European regulatory limit (10 ng/g). The test portion of the sample was extracted with hydrochloric acid, and the analyte was derivatized with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, with 1,2-[15N2, 13C] SEM as an internal standard. The extract was neutralized and then purified on a solid-phase extraction cartridge. The SEM was determined by reversed-phase LC with detection by MS/MS. Apple puree, rice pudding, and meat/vegetable meal baby food materials, spiked with SEM at levels of about 3, 10, and 30 ng/g, respectively, were sent to 20 laboratories in 12 different European countries, which submitted results from 17 participants. Recoveries ranged from 88.8 to 106.1%. Based on results for spiked samples (blind pairs at 3 levels), the relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 4.2 to 6.9% and the relative standard deviations for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 16.6 to 24.3%. The method showed acceptable within- and between-laboratory precision for all 3 matrixes, as evidenced by HorRat values, at the target levels for the determination of SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ginn
- Central Science Laboratory (CSL), Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory (CSL), Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Scheilla V C De Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Faculdade de Farmcia (FAFAR), Departamento de Alimentos, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus da UFMG, Pampulha, 31.270-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria B Dela Calle
- European Commission, DG Joint Reseach Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
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26
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Chang E, Hafner H, Varghese M, Griffin C, Clemente J, Islam M, Carlson Z, Zhu A, Hak L, Abrishami S, Gregg B, Singer K. Programming effects of maternal and gestational obesity on offspring metabolism and metabolic inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16027. [PMID: 31690792 PMCID: PMC6831633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age there is a need to understand the ramifications of this on offspring. The purpose of this study is to investigate the programming effects of maternal obesity during preconception and the preconception/gestational period on adiposity and adipose tissue inflammation in offspring using an animal model. Adult female C57Bl/6J mice were assigned either normal diet, high fat diet (HFD) prior to pregnancy, or HFD prior to and through pregnancy. Some offspring were maintained on normal diet while others started HFD later in life. Offspring were assessed for body composition and metabolic responses. Lipid storing tissues were evaluated for expansion and inflammation. Male offspring from the preconception group had the greatest weight gain, most subcutaneous adipose tissue, and largest liver mass when introduced to postnatal HFD. Male offspring of the preconception/gestation group had worsened glucose tolerance and an increase in resident (CD11c−) adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) when exposed to postnatal HFD. Female offspring had no significant difference in any parameter between the diet treatment groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that prenatal and pregnancy windows have independent programming effects on offspring. Preconception exposure affects body composition and adiposity while gestation exposure affects metabolism and tissue immune cell phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - H Hafner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Varghese
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C Griffin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Clemente
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Z Carlson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L Hak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Abrishami
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Singer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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27
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Brennan M, Crowe A, Tiernan C, Smith M, Cogan L, Purcell R, Griffin C, Crowe M. 183 Risk of Hypoglycaemia in Older Patients in Residential Care on Oral Hypoglycaemic Medication. Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz103.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common in older patients in residential care(RC) with prevalence ranging from 11-36%.Guidlines(1) on glucose targets to avoid the risk of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia respectively in older people recommend avoiding a fasting glucose on treatment of 6mmol/L or a random glucose level higher than 11.0mmol/L. An HbA1c of 53to 59mmol/mol(7-7.5%) should be aimed for although this may need adjusting in RC and StoppFrail guidelines suggest a target of HbA1c of <8%(64mmol/mol). We assessed the prevalence, drug treatment and glycaemic control in 107 older patients in residential care at two sites in Dublin.
Methods
Patients with DM were identified from review of medical notes. Hypoglycaemic treatment whether oral hypoglycemic drugs(OHD) or insulin, capillary blood glucose measurements(CBGM) over the previous 28 day period, HbA1c values and weight change over the previous year respectively were tabulated from patient records.
Results
Sixteen patients (15%) aged 66-93 were documented with DM. Eight (50%) were on no hypoglycaemic treatment in whom OHD had been discontinued in 2 patients over the previous 6 months because of risk of hypoglycaemia.. Six patients (38%) were only on OHD, whilst 2 were on insulin. Of the 6 patients on OHD, CABGM were below 6mmol/L in 3 patients (50%) with no values above 11mmol/L. All 3 patients had lost weight ( 2.5-6.8Kg) over the previous year and HbA1c levels were below 53mmol/mol (7%) in all 3 patients.
Conclusion
Although our numbers are small, 50% of our patients in residential care on OHD are at risk of hypoglycemia possibly related to weight loss. Reducing or discontinuing their OHD may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brennan
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Crowe
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Tiernan
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Smith
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Cogan
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Purcell
- Our Lady's Hospice Harold's Cross, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Griffin
- Our Lady's Hospice Harold's Cross, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Crowe
- The Royal Hospital Donnybrook, Dublin, Ireland
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28
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Andrews JL, Foulkes L, Griffin C, Blakemore SJ. The effect of social preference on academic diligence in adolescence. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:190165. [PMID: 31598279 PMCID: PMC6774955 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we were interested in whether adolescents show a preference for social stimuli compared with non-social stimuli in the context of academic diligence, that is, the ability to expend effort on tedious tasks that have long-term benefits. Forty-five female adolescents (aged 11-17) and 46 female adults (aged 23-33) carried out an adapted version of the Academic Diligence Task (ADT). We created two variations of the ADT: a social ADT and non-social ADT. Individuals were required to freely split their time between an easy, boring arithmetic task and looking at a show-reel of photographs of people (in the social ADT) or landscapes (in the non-social ADT). Individuals also provided enjoyment ratings for both the arithmetic task and the set of photographs they viewed. Adolescents reported enjoying the social photographs significantly more than the non-social photographs, with the converse being true for adults. There was no significant difference in the time spent looking at the social photographs between the adolescents and adults. However, adults spent significantly more time than adolescents looking at the non-social photographs, suggesting that adolescents were less motivated to look at the non-social stimuli. Further, the correlation between self-reported enjoyment of the pictures and choice behaviour in the ADT was stronger for adults than for adolescents in the non-social condition, revealing a greater discrepancy between self-reported enjoyment and ADT choice behaviour for adolescents. Our results are discussed within the context of the development of social cognition and introspective awareness between adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Andrews
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17–19 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - L. Foulkes
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17–19 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
- Department of Education, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - C. Griffin
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17–19 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - S. J. Blakemore
- UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17–19 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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Yamazaki C, Rosenkrantz W, Griffin C. Pilot evaluation of Enterococcus faecium SF68 as adjunctive therapy for oclacitinib-responsive adult atopic dermatitis in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:499-506. [PMID: 31257599 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adjunctive effect of supplementation with Enterococcus faecium SF68 (FortiFlora; Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets) on oclacitinib (Apoquel, Zoetis) dose reduction, while maintaining or reducing the Pruritus Visual Analog Score and Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index values in client-owned adult dogs with environmental atopic dermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enrolled dogs had exhibited control of atopic dermatitis on oclacitinib for at least 6 months before, and continuing throughout, the study. Dogs with non-seasonal pruritus were blindly randomised to receive either SF68 (1×108 colony forming units/g orally twice daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. After 8 weeks of supplementation, oclacitinib dose was decreased by approximately 25%, aiming to maintain and reduce the clinical disease scores. RESULTS Supplementation with SF68 was associated with no difference in oclacitinib dose reduction versus placebo in 21 client-owned dogs with atopic dermatitis. Clinical disease scores were not different between groups at study completion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Further larger-scale studies are warranted to investigate optimal strain(s), dosing and duration of probiotic supplementation as an adjunctive strategy in management of canine atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yamazaki
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, Tustin, California, 92780, USA
| | - W Rosenkrantz
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, Tustin, California, 92780, USA
| | - C Griffin
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, San Diego, California, 92111, USA
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Wiles R, Patanwala I, Hankinson B, Healey P, Farrell C, Griffin C, Bonnett L, Richardson P. Corrigendum to: Can ARFI of the liver and spleen predict the presence of gastroesophageal varies? [Clin Radiol 73 (12) (2018) 1046–1051]. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ranger A, Dunlop A, Hutchinson K, Convery H, Maclennan MK, Chantler H, Twyman N, Rose C, McQuaid D, Amos RA, Griffin C, deSouza NM, Donovan E, Harris E, Coles CE, Kirby A. A Dosimetric Comparison of Breast Radiotherapy Techniques to Treat Locoregional Lymph Nodes Including the Internal Mammary Chain. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:346-353. [PMID: 29483041 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Radiotherapy target volumes in early breast cancer treatment increasingly include the internal mammary chain (IMC). In order to maximise survival benefits of IMC radiotherapy, doses to the heart and lung should be minimised. This dosimetry study compared the ability of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, arc therapy and proton beam therapy (PBT) techniques with and without breath-hold to achieve target volume constraints while minimising dose to organs at risk (OARs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In 14 patients' datasets, seven IMC radiotherapy techniques were compared: wide tangent (WT) three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and PBT, each in voluntary deep inspiratory breath-hold (vDIBH) and free breathing (FB), and tomotherapy in FB only. Target volume coverage and OAR doses were measured for each technique. These were compared using a one-way ANOVA with all pairwise comparisons tested using Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test, with adjusted P-values ≤ 0.05 indicating statistical significance. RESULTS One hundred per cent of WT(vDIBH), 43% of WT(FB), 100% of VMAT(vDIBH), 86% of VMAT(FB), 100% of tomotherapy FB and 100% of PBT plans in vDIBH and FB passed all mandatory constraints. However, coverage of the IMC with 90% of the prescribed dose was significantly better than all other techniques using VMAT(vDIBH), PBT(vDIBH) and PBT(FB) (mean IMC coverage ± 1 standard deviation = 96.0% ± 4.3, 99.8% ± 0.3 and 99.0% ± 0.2, respectively). The mean heart dose was significantly reduced in vDIBH compared with FB for both the WT (P < 0.0001) and VMAT (P < 0.0001) techniques. There was no advantage in target volume coverage or OAR doses for PBT(vDIBH) compared with PBT(FB). CONCLUSIONS Simple WT radiotherapy delivered in vDIBH achieves satisfactory coverage of the IMC while meeting heart and lung dose constraints. However, where higher isodose coverage is required, VMAT(vDIBH) is the optimal photon technique. The lowest OAR doses are achieved by PBT, in which the use of vDIBH does not improve dose statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ranger
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - A Dunlop
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - K Hutchinson
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Convery
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - H Chantler
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Twyman
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Rose
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - D McQuaid
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R A Amos
- University College London, London, UK
| | - C Griffin
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - N M deSouza
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - E Donovan
- CVSSP, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - E Harris
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C E Coles
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Kirby
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Brunt A, Haviland J, Sydenham M, Al-hasso A, Bloomfield D, Chan C, Churn M, Cleator S, Coles C, Emson M, Goodman A, Griffin C, Harnett A, Hopwood P, Kirby A, Kirwan C, Morris C, Sawyer E, Somaiah N, Syndikus I, Wilcox M, Zotova R, Wheatley D, Bliss J, Yarnold J. OC-0595: FAST-Forward phase 3 RCT of 1-week hypofractionated breast radiotherapy:3-year normal tissue effects. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang G, Watanabe H, Kondev F, Lane G, Regan P, Söderström PA, Walker P, Kanaoka H, Korkulu Z, Lee P, Liu J, Nishimura S, Wu J, Yagi A, Ahn D, Alharbi T, Baba H, Browne F, Bruce A, Carroll R, Chae K, Dombradi Z, Doornenbal P, Estrade A, Fukuda N, Griffin C, Ideguchi E, Inabe N, Isobe T, Kanaya S, Kojouharov I, Kubo T, Kubono S, Kurz N, Kuti I, Lalkovski S, Lee C, Lee E, Lorusso G, Lotay G, Moon CB, Nishizuka I, Nita C, Odahara A, Patel Z, Phong V, Podolyák Z, Roberts O, Sakurai H, Schaffner H, Shand C, Shimizu Y, Sumikama T, Suzuki H, Takeda H, Terashima S, Vajta Z, Valiente-Dóbon J, Xu Z. β- γ and isomeric decay spectroscopy of 168Dy. EPJ Web Conf 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201817802023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This contribution will report on the experimental work on the level structure of 168Dy. The experimental data have been taken as part of the EURICA decay spectroscopy campaign at RIBF, RIKEN in November 2014. In the experiment, a 238U primary beam is accelerated up to 345 MeV/u with an average intensity of 12 pnA. The nuclei of interest are produced by in-flight fission of 238U impinging on Be target with a thickness of 5 mm. The excited states of 168Dy have been populated through the decay from a newly identified isomeric state and via the β decay from 168Tb. In this contribution, scientific motivations, experimental procedure and some preliminary results for this study are presented.
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Bhattacharya IS, Morden JP, Griffin C, Snowdon C, Brannan R, Bliss JM, Kilburn L. The Application and Feasibility of Using Routine Data Sources for Long-term Cancer Clinical Trial Follow-up. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:796-798. [PMID: 29107391 PMCID: PMC6175051 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I S Bhattacharya
- Institute of Cancer Research, Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, London, UK.
| | - J P Morden
- Institute of Cancer Research, Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, London, UK
| | - C Griffin
- Institute of Cancer Research, Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, London, UK
| | - C Snowdon
- Institute of Cancer Research, Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, London, UK
| | - R Brannan
- Office for Data Release, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - J M Bliss
- Institute of Cancer Research, Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, London, UK
| | - L Kilburn
- Institute of Cancer Research, Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, London, UK
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Mills S, Griffin C, O'Connor PM, Serrano LM, Meijer WC, Hill C, Ross RP. A Multibacteriocin Cheese Starter System, Comprising Nisin and Lacticin 3147 in Lactococcus lactis, in Combination with Plantaricin from Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e00799-17. [PMID: 28476774 PMCID: PMC5494623 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00799-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional starter cultures demonstrating superior technological and food safety properties are advantageous to the food fermentation industry. We evaluated the efficacies of single- and double-bacteriocin-producing starters of Lactococcus lactis capable of producing the class I bacteriocins nisin A and/or lacticin 3147 in terms of starter performance. Single producers were generated by mobilizing the conjugative bacteriophage resistance plasmid pMRC01, carrying lacticin genetic determinants, or the conjugative transposon Tn5276, carrying nisin genetic determinants, to the commercial starter L. lactis CSK2775. The effect of bacteriocin coproduction was examined by superimposing pMRC01 into the newly constructed nisin transconjugant. Transconjugants were improved with regard to antimicrobial activity and bacteriophage insensitivity compared to the recipient strain, and the double producer was immune to both bacteriocins. Bacteriocin production in the starter was stable, although the recipient strain proved to be a more efficient acidifier than transconjugant derivatives. Overall, combinations of class I bacteriocins (the double producer or a combination of single producers) proved to be as effective as individual bacteriocins for controlling Listeria innocua growth in laboratory-scale cheeses. However, using the double producer in combination with the class II bacteriocin producer Lactobacillus plantarum or using the lacticin producer with the class II producer proved to be most effective for reducing bacterial load. As emergence of bacteriocin tolerance was reduced 10-fold in the presence of nisin and lacticin, we suggest that the double producer in conjunction with the class II producer could serve as a protective culture providing a food-grade, multihurdle approach to control pathogenic growth in a variety of industrial applications.IMPORTANCE We generated a suite of single- and double-bacteriocin-producing starter cultures capable of generating the class I bacteriocin lacticin 3147 or nisin or both bacteriocins simultaneously via conjugation. The transconjugants exhibited improved bacteriophage resistance and antimicrobial activity. The single producers proved to be as effective as the double-bacteriocin producer at reducing Listeria numbers in laboratory-scale cheese. However, combining the double producer or the lacticin-producing starter with a class II bacteriocin producer, Lactobacillus plantarum LMG P-26358, proved to be most effective at reducing Listeria numbers and was significantly better than a combination of the three bacteriocin-producing strains, as the double producer is not inhibited by either of the class I bacteriocins. Since the simultaneous use of lacticin and nisin should reduce the emergence of bacteriocin-tolerant derivatives, this study suggests that a protective starter system produced by bacteriocin stacking is a worthwhile multihurdle approach for food safety applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mills
- CSK Food Enrichment, Ede, The Netherlands
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Griffin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- CSK Food Enrichment, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - P M O'Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | | | - W C Meijer
- CSK Food Enrichment, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - C Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R P Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Gulliford S, Griffin C, Tree A, Murray J, Oelfke U, Syndikus I, Hall E, Dearnaley D. EP-1612: Estimates of the α/β ratio for prostate using data from recent hypofractionated RT trials. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)32047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bartlett FR, Donovan EM, McNair HA, Corsini LA, Colgan RM, Evans PM, Maynard L, Griffin C, Haviland JS, Yarnold JR, Kirby AM. The UK HeartSpare Study (Stage II): Multicentre Evaluation of a Voluntary Breath-hold Technique in Patients Receiving Breast Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:e51-e56. [PMID: 27890346 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the feasibility and heart-sparing ability of the voluntary breath-hold (VBH) technique in a multicentre setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were recruited from 10 UK centres. Following surgery for early left breast cancer, patients with any heart inside the 50% isodose from a standard free-breathing tangential field treatment plan underwent a second planning computed tomography (CT) scan using the VBH technique. A separate treatment plan was prepared on the VBH CT scan and used for treatment. The mean heart, left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and lung doses were calculated. Daily electronic portal imaging (EPI) was carried out and scanning/treatment times were recorded. The primary end point was the percentage of patients achieving a reduction in mean heart dose with VBH. Population systematic (Σ) and random errors (σ) were estimated. Within-patient comparisons between techniques used Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS In total, 101 patients were recruited during 2014. Primary end point data were available for 93 patients, 88 (95%) of whom achieved a reduction in mean heart dose with VBH. Mean cardiac doses (Gy) for free-breathing and VBH techniques, respectively, were: heart 1.8 and 1.1, LAD 12.1 and 5.4, maximum LAD 35.4 and 24.1 (all P<0.001). Population EPI-based displacement data showed Σ =+1.3-1.9 mm and σ=1.4-1.8 mm. Median CT and treatment session times were 21 and 22 min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The VBH technique is confirmed as effective in sparing heart tissue and is feasible in a multicentre setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Bartlett
- Department of Radiotherapy, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK; Department of Oncology and Haematology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - E M Donovan
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - H A McNair
- Department of Radiotherapy, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - L A Corsini
- Department of Radiotherapy, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - R M Colgan
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - P M Evans
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - L Maynard
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU), Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - C Griffin
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU), Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J S Haviland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J R Yarnold
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - A M Kirby
- Department of Radiotherapy, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK.
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Khan A, Gao A, Hall E, Hassan S, Cruikshank C, Griffin C, Mossop H, Dearnaley D. Do Routine Computed Tomography Scans Detect Early Spinal Cord Compression in Patients with Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer? Implications for the PROMPTS Trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gurgi L, Regan P, Söderström PA, Watanabe H, Walker P, Podolyák Z, Nishimura S, Berry T, Doornenbal P, Lorusso G, Isobe T, Baba H, Xu Z, Sakurai H, Sumikama T, Catford W, Bruce A, Browne F, Lane G, Kondev F, Odahara A, Wu J, Liu H, Xu F, Korkulu Z, Lee P, Liu J, Phong V, Yagi A, Zhang G, Alharbi T, Carroll R, Chae K, Dombradi Z, Estrade A, Fukuda N, Griffin C, Ideguchi E, Inabe N, Kanaoka H, Kojouharov I, Kubo T, Kubono S, Kurz N, Kuti I, Lalkovski S, Lee E, Lee C, Lotay G, Moon C, Nishizuka I, Nita C, Patel Z, Roberts O, Schaffner H, Shand C, Suzuki H, Takeda H, Terashima S, Vajta Z, Kanaya S, Valiente-Dobòn J. Isomer-delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy of neutron-rich 166Tb. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714610009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ryan SJ, Griffin C. Becoming the professional: the experiences of final year physiotherapy students on practice placement in the acute setting. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Murray J, Dean J, Mossop H, Griffin C, Hall E, Gulliford S, Dearnaley D. Effect of Dose and Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) on Patient-Reported Sexual Function in Prostate Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Griffin C, Lanzetta N, Eter L, Singer K. Sexually dimorphic myeloid inflammatory and metabolic responses to diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R211-6. [PMID: 27252473 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00136.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known in clinical and animal studies that women and men have different disease risk as well as different disease physiology. Women of reproductive age are protected from metabolic and cardiovascular disease compared with postmenopausal women and men. Most murine studies are skewed toward the use of male mice to study obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction because of similar protection in female mice. We have investigated dietary obesity in a mouse model and have directly compared inflammatory responses in males and females. In this review we will summarize what is known about sex differences in diet-induced inflammation and will summarize our data on this topic. It is clear that sex differences in high-fat diet-induced inflammatory activation are due to cell intrinsic differences in hematopoietic responses to obesogenic cues, but further research is needed to understand what leads to sexually dimorphic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Griffin
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - N Lanzetta
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - L Eter
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - K Singer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Griffin C. Re: Prevention of brachial plexus injury-12 years of shoulder dystocia training: an interrupted time-series study: Posterior arm delivery at the time of caesarean section. BJOG 2015; 123:144. [PMID: 26715348 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Griffin
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Dearnaley D, Syndikus I, Mossop H, Birtle A, Bloomfield D, Cruickshank C, Graham J, Hassan S, Khoo V, Logue J, Mayles H, Money-Kyrle J, Naismith O, Panades M, Patterson H, Scrase C, Staffurth J, Tremlett J, Griffin C, Hall E. 8LBA 5 year outcomes of a phase III randomised trial of conventional or hypofractionated high dose intensity modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer (CRUK/06/016): report from the CHHiP Trial Investigators Group. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Griffin C, Harding J, Sutton C. Re: The vaginal microbiome, vaginal anti-microbial defence mechanisms and the clinical challenge of reducing infection-related preterm birth. BJOG 2015; 122:1033. [PMID: 26011464 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Griffin
- University of Western Australia Clinical School, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - J Harding
- University of Western Australia Clinical School, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - C Sutton
- University of Western Australia Clinical School, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
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Wang Z, Dove P, Wang X, Shamas-Din A, Li Z, Nachman A, Oh YJ, Hurren R, Ruschak A, Climie S, Press B, Griffin C, Undzys E, Aman A, Al-awar R, Kay LE, O'Neill D, Trudel S, Slassi M, Schimmer AD. FV-162 is a novel, orally bioavailable, irreversible proteasome inhibitor with improved pharmacokinetics displaying preclinical efficacy with continuous daily dosing. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1815. [PMID: 26158521 PMCID: PMC4650734 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Approved proteasome inhibitors have advanced the treatment of multiple myeloma but are associated with serious toxicities, poor pharmacokinetics, and most with the inconvenience of intravenous administration. We therefore sought to identify novel orally bioavailable proteasome inhibitors with a continuous daily dosing schedule and improved therapeutic window using a unique drug discovery platform. We employed a fluorine-based medicinal chemistry technology to synthesize 14 novel analogs of epoxyketone-based proteasome inhibitors and screened them for their stability, ability to inhibit the chymotrypsin-like proteasome, and antimyeloma activity in vitro. The tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic activity, and antimyeloma efficacy of our lead candidate were examined in NOD/SCID mice. We identified a tripeptide epoxyketone, FV-162, as a metabolically stable, potent proteasome inhibitor cytotoxic to human myeloma cell lines and primary myeloma cells. FV-162 had limited toxicity and was well tolerated on a continuous daily dosing schedule. Compared with the benchmark oral irreversible proteasome inhibitor, ONX-0192, FV-162 had a lower peak plasma concentration and longer half-life, resulting in a larger area under the curve (AUC). Oral FV-162 treatment induced rapid, irreversible inhibition of chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity in murine red blood cells and inhibited tumor growth in a myeloma xenograft model. Our data suggest that oral FV-162 with continuous daily dosing schedule displays a favorable safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profile in vivo, identifying it as a promising lead for clinical evaluation in myeloma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- 1] Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Fluorinov Pharma Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Dove
- Fluorinov Pharma Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - X Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Shamas-Din
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z Li
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Nachman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Y J Oh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Hurren
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Ruschak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Climie
- Fluorinov Pharma Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Press
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Griffin
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - E Undzys
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Aman
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Al-awar
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L E Kay
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D O'Neill
- 1] Fluorinov Pharma Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Trudel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Slassi
- Fluorinov Pharma Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A D Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Landeg S, Kirby A, Lee S, Bartlett F, Donovan E, Locke I, Gothard L, Boyle S, Titmarsh K, Griffin C, McNair H. PO-0782: Breast radiotherapy: invisible tattoos for external references (The BRITER study). Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bartlett F, Donovan E, McNair H, Corsini L, Griffin C, Colgan R, Haviland J, Evans P, Yarnold J, Kirby A. OC-0387: The UK HeartSpare Study (Stage II): Multicentre evaluation of a voluntary breath-hold technique. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zotova R, Yarnold J, Wheatley D, Griffin C, Murray B. PD-0430: Results from the radiotherapy quality assurance programme for the FAST-Forward breast trial. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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