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Campbell E, Hesser LA, Berni Canani R, Carucci L, Paparo L, Patry RT, Nagler CR. A Lipopolysaccharide-Enriched Cow's Milk Allergy Microbiome Promotes a TLR4-Dependent Proinflammatory Intestinal Immune Response. J Immunol 2024; 212:702-714. [PMID: 38169331 PMCID: PMC10872367 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the gut microbiota of healthy infants harbors allergy-protective bacteria taxa that are depleted in infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA). Few reports have investigated the role of the gut microbiota in promoting allergic responses. In this study we selected a CMA-associated microbiota with increased abundance of Gram-negative bacteria for analysis of its proinflammatory potential. LPS is the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Colonization of mice with a global or conditional mutation of the LPS receptor TLR4 with this CMA microbiota induced expression of serum amyloid A1 (Saa1) and other Th17-, B cell-, and Th2-associated genes in the ileal epithelium in a TLR4-dependent manner. In agreement with the gene expression data, mice colonized with the CMA microbiota have expanded populations of Th17 and regulatory T cells and elevated concentrations of fecal IgA. Importantly, we used both antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free and germ-free rederived mice with a conditional mutation of TLR4 in the CD11c+ compartment to demonstrate that the induction of proinflammatory genes, fecal IgA, and Th17 cells is dependent on TLR4 signaling. Furthermore, metagenomic sequencing revealed that the CMA microbiota has an increased abundance of LPS biosynthesis genes. Taken together, our results show that a microbiota displaying a higher abundance of LPS genes is associated with TLR4-dependent proinflammatory gene expression and a mixed type 2/type 3 response in mice, which may be characteristic of a subset of infants with CMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Campbell
- Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. U.S.A
| | - Lauren A. Hesser
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. U.S.A
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. U.S.A
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science and ImmunoNutrition Lab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center and Task Force for Microbiome Studies, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Carucci
- Department of Translational Medical Science and ImmunoNutrition Lab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center and Task Force for Microbiome Studies, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorella Paparo
- Department of Translational Medical Science and ImmunoNutrition Lab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center and Task Force for Microbiome Studies, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Robert T. Patry
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. U.S.A
| | - Cathryn R. Nagler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. U.S.A
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. U.S.A
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2
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Nagler CR. Inhibition of Immunological Suppression. J Immunol 2023; 211:1255-1256. [PMID: 37987807 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 plays an essential role in the function of CD25+CD4+ regulatory cells that control intestinal inflammation,” a pivotal article written by S. Read, V. Malmström, and F. Powrie, and published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, in 2000. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.192.2.295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn R Nagler
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering and Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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3
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Kemter AM, Patry RT, Arnold J, Hesser LA, Campbell E, Ionescu E, Mimee M, Wang S, Nagler CR. Commensal bacteria signal through TLR5 and AhR to improve barrier integrity and prevent allergic responses to food. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113153. [PMID: 37742185 PMCID: PMC10697505 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of food allergies has been linked to reduced commensal microbial diversity. In this article, we describe two features of allergy-protective Clostridia that contribute to their beneficial effects. Some Clostridial taxa bear flagella (a ligand for TLR5) and produce indole (a ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor [AhR]). Lysates and flagella from a Clostridia consortium induced interleukin-22 (IL-22) secretion from ileal explants. IL-22 production is abrogated in explants from mice in which TLR5 or MyD88 signaling is deficient either globally or conditionally in CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells. AhR signaling in RORγt+ cells is necessary for the induction of IL-22. Mice deficient in AhR in RORγt+ cells exhibit increased intestinal permeability and are more susceptible to an anaphylactic response to food. Our findings implicate TLR5 and AhR signaling in a molecular mechanism by which commensal Clostridia protect against allergic responses to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Kemter
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Robert T Patry
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jack Arnold
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lauren A Hesser
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Evelyn Campbell
- Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Edward Ionescu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark Mimee
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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4
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Zhang Y, Hardy LC, Kapita CM, Hall JA, Arbeeva L, Campbell E, Urban JF, Belkaid Y, Nagler CR, Iweala OI. Intestinal Helminth Infection Impairs Oral and Parenteral Vaccine Efficacy. J Immunol 2023; 211:389-402. [PMID: 37272847 PMCID: PMC10524302 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The impact of endemic parasitic infection on vaccine efficacy is an important consideration for vaccine development and deployment. We have examined whether intestinal infection with the natural murine helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri alters Ag-specific Ab and cellular immune responses to oral and parenteral vaccination in mice. Oral vaccination of mice with a clinically relevant, live, attenuated, recombinant Salmonella vaccine expressing chicken egg OVA (Salmonella-OVA) induced the accumulation of activated, OVA-specific T effector cells rather than OVA-specific regulatory T cells in the GALT. Intestinal helminth infection significantly reduced Th1-skewed Ab responses to oral vaccination with Salmonella-OVA. Activated, adoptively transferred, OVA-specific CD4+ T cells accumulated in draining mesenteric lymph nodes of vaccinated mice, regardless of their helminth infection status. However, helminth infection increased the frequencies of adoptively transferred OVA-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-4 and IL-10 in the mesenteric lymph node. Ab responses to the oral Salmonella-OVA vaccine were reduced in helminth-free mice adoptively transferred with OVA-specific CD4+ T cells harvested from mice with intestinal helminth infection. Intestinal helminth infection also significantly reduced Th2-skewed Ab responses to parenteral vaccination with OVA adsorbed to alum. These findings suggest that vaccine-specific CD4+ T cells induced in the context of helminth infection retain durable immunomodulatory properties and may promote blunted Ab responses to vaccination. They also underscore the potential need to treat parasitic infection before mass vaccination campaigns in helminth-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - LaKeya C. Hardy
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Camille M. Kapita
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Jason A. Hall
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program and Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Evelyn Campbell
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Joseph F. Urban
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory and Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue BLDG 307-C BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Microbiome Program and Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cathryn R. Nagler
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Onyinye I. Iweala
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
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Wang R, Cao S, Bashir MEH, Hesser LA, Su Y, Hong SMC, Thompson A, Culleen E, Sabados M, Dylla NP, Campbell E, Bao R, Nonnecke EB, Bevins CL, Wilson DS, Hubbell JA, Nagler CR. Treatment of peanut allergy and colitis in mice via the intestinal release of butyrate from polymeric micelles. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:38-55. [PMID: 36550307 PMCID: PMC9870785 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome modulates host immunity and aids the maintenance of tolerance in the gut, where microbial and food-derived antigens are abundant. Yet modern dietary factors and the excessive use of antibiotics have contributed to the rising incidence of food allergies, inflammatory bowel disease and other non-communicable chronic diseases associated with the depletion of beneficial taxa, including butyrate-producing Clostridia. Here we show that intragastrically delivered neutral and negatively charged polymeric micelles releasing butyrate in different regions of the intestinal tract restore barrier-protective responses in mouse models of colitis and of peanut allergy. Treatment with the butyrate-releasing micelles increased the abundance of butyrate-producing taxa in Clostridium cluster XIVa, protected mice from an anaphylactic reaction to a peanut challenge and reduced disease severity in a T-cell-transfer model of colitis. By restoring microbial and mucosal homoeostasis, butyrate-releasing micelles may function as an antigen-agnostic approach for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shijie Cao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Lauren A Hesser
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanlin Su
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sung Min Choi Hong
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elliot Culleen
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Sabados
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas P Dylla
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evelyn Campbell
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Riyue Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric B Nonnecke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Charles L Bevins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D Scott Wilson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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6
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Cao S, Maulloo CD, Sabados M, Raczy MM, Wilson DS, Nagler CR, Hubbell JA. Synthetically glycosylated antigens as an inverse vaccine platform to prevent and treat food allergies. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.49.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The only FDA-approved oral immunotherapy for a food allergy provides protection against accidental exposure to peanuts. However, this therapy often causes discomfort or side effects and requires long-term commitment. Better preventive and therapeutic solutions are urgently needed. We have developed a technology for inverse vaccination using glyco-polymerized antigens to induce antigen-specific non-responsiveness. We have demonstrated that following subcutaneous (SC) administration, glyco-polymer conjugates traffic to draining lymph nodes (LNs) and are preferentially internalized by antigen presenting cells, educating the immune system to respond to these antigens in an innocuous way. Here, we tested SC administration of glyco-polymerized β-lactoglobulin (BLG) in a murine model of cow’s milk allergy. Two doses of glyco-polymerized BLG given one week apart (prior to sensitization) prevented an allergic response to BLG upon intragastric challenge as measured by reductions in BLG-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgE production as well as BLG-specific type 2 T helper cell (Th2) responses in vitro. We further explored the therapeutic potential of glyco-polymerized BLG. Unlike unmodified BLG, two SC injections of glyco-polymerized BLG after sensitization did not cause anaphylactic reactions in allergic mice and inhibited cellular Th2 cytokines upon BLG restimulation. Since pre-existing humoral immunity inhibited the therapeutic effect of our glyco-polymerized BLG, we introduced a co-therapy (anti-CD20) to blunt the humoral response and observed ameliorated anaphylactic responses following glyco-polymerized BLG therapy. This platform may provide a potential T cell-modulating strategy to prevent and treat food allergies.
This work was supported in part by seed funding from the Chicago Immunoengineering Innovation Center at the University of Chicago as well as the Food Allergy Fund.
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7
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Cao S, Wang R, Bashir MEH, Su Y, Sabados M, Hesser LA, Nagler CR, Hubbell JA. Lymph node-targeted long-acting butyrate micelles induce regulatory immune modulation. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.172.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play essential roles in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity and allergy. Peripherally derived Tregs are induced most efficiently in the lymph nodes (LNs), yet current therapies are not effectively delivered to these sites. The short-chain fatty acid butyrate facilitates extrathymic differentiation of Tregs and has been considered a promising therapeutic candidate. However, there are challenges to its use, including its foul odor, quick metabolism, and low efficiency with traditional oral delivery. Herein, we designed butyrate-prodrug micelles that deliver butyrate to peripheral LNs through subcutaneous (SC) administration. We have developed two polymeric micelles, one with a neutral charge (termed NtL-ButM) and one with a negative charge (termed Neg-ButM), which both contain 28 wt% butyrate and have similar sizes of ~40 nm. In a biodistribution study, we observed that Neg-ButM, not NtL-ButM, accumulated in draining LNs for over one month. At the cellular level, the Neg-ButM were taken up mostly by the macrophages and dendritic cells in the LNs and inhibited LPS-induced activation of those cells. In antibiotic-treated mice, three weekly doses of Neg-ButM significantly increased the numbers of CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ Tregs in draining LNs compared to either PBS or NtL-ButM treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, when combined with intragastrically administered peanut proteins, the SC-injected Neg-ButM protected from anaphylactic responses in a mouse model of peanut allergy. This approach provides a potential Treg-based therapy against food allergies.
Supported by a seed grant from the Chicago Immunoengineering Innovation Center of the University of Chicago.
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8
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Hwang DW, Nagler CR, Ciaccio CE. New and Emerging Concepts and Therapies for the Treatment of Food Allergy. Immunotherapy Advances 2022; 2:ltac006. [PMID: 35434724 PMCID: PMC9007422 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is an increasingly common disease that often starts in early childhood and lasts throughout life. Self-reported food allergy has risen at a rate of 1.2% per decade since 1988, and by 2018, the prevalence of food allergy in the United States was estimated to be 8% in children and 11% in adults.- This prevalence has led to an economic burden of almost $25 billion annually. Despite these staggering statistics, as of the time of this writing, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has only approved one treatment for food allergy, which is limited to use in children with peanut allergy. Fortunately, a new horizon of therapeutic interventions, in all stages of development, lay ahead and hold promise for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Hwang
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Departments of Medicine Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Departments of Medicine Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Christina E Ciaccio
- Departments of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Departments of Medicine Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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9
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Brusilovsky M, Bao R, Rochman M, Kemter AM, Nagler CR, Rothenberg ME. Host-Microbiota Interactions in the Esophagus During Homeostasis and Allergic Inflammation. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:521-534.e8. [PMID: 34627858 PMCID: PMC9185752 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Microbiota composition and mechanisms of host-microbiota interactions in the esophagus are unclear. We aimed to uncover fundamental information about the esophageal microbiome and its potential significance to eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). METHODS Microbiota composition, transplantation potential, and antibiotic responsiveness in the esophagus were established via 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Functional outcomes of microbiota colonization were assessed by RNA sequencing analysis of mouse esophageal epithelium and compared with the human EoE transcriptome. The impact of dysbiosis was assessed using a preclinical model of EoE. RESULTS We found that the murine esophagus is colonized with diverse microbial communities within the first month of life. The esophageal microbiota is distinct, dominated by Lactobacillales, and demonstrates spatial heterogeneity as the proximal and distal esophagus are enriched in Bifidobacteriales and Lactobacillales, respectively. Fecal matter transplantation restores the esophageal microbiota, demonstrating that the local environment drives diversity. Microbiota colonization modifies esophageal tissue morphology and gene expression that is enriched in pathways associated with epithelial barrier function and overlapping with genes involved in EoE, including POSTN, KLK5, and HIF1A. Finally, neonatal antibiotic treatment reduces the abundance of Lactobacillales and exaggerates type 2 inflammation in the esophagus. Clinical data substantiated loss of esophageal Lactobacillales in EoE compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS The esophagus has a unique microbiome with notable differences between its proximal and distal regions. Fecal matter transplantation restores the esophageal microbiome. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis exacerbates disease in a murine model of EoE. Collectively, these data establish the composition, transplantation potential, antibiotic responsiveness, and host-microbiota interaction in the esophagus and have implications for gastrointestinal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brusilovsky
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Riyue Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Rochman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andrea M Kemter
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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10
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Brough HA, Lanser BJ, Sindher SB, Teng JMC, Leung DYM, Venter C, Chan SM, Santos AF, Bahnson HT, Guttman‐Yassky E, Gupta RS, Lack G, Ciaccio CE, Sampath V, Nadeau KC, Nagler CR. Early intervention and prevention of allergic diseases. Allergy 2022; 77:416-441. [PMID: 34255344 DOI: 10.1111/all.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) is now one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood often lasting throughout life and leading to significant worldwide healthcare burden. The precise mechanisms responsible for the development of this inflammatory condition are largely unknown; however, a multifactorial aetiology involving both environmental and genetic contributions is well accepted. A precise understanding of the pathogenesis of FA is an essential first step to developing comprehensive prevention strategies that could mitigate this epidemic. As it is frequently preceded by atopic dermatitis and can be prevented by early antigen introduction, the development of FA is likely facilitated by the improper initial presentation of antigen to the developing immune system. Primary oral exposure of antigens allowing for presentation via a well-developed mucosal immune system, rather than through a disrupted skin epidermal barrier, is essential to prevent FA. In this review, we present the data supporting the necessity of (1) an intact epidermal barrier to prevent epicutaneous antigen presentation, (2) the presence of specific commensal bacteria to maintain an intact mucosal immune system and (3) maternal/infant diet diversity, including vitamins and minerals, and appropriately timed allergenic food introduction to prevent FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A. Brough
- Department Women and Children’s Health (Pediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King’s College London London UK
- Children’s Allergy Service Evelina Children’s Hospital Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Bruce Joshua Lanser
- Division of Pediatric Allergy‐Immunology Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health Denver CO USA
| | - Sayantani B. Sindher
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University Stanford University Stanford CA USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Joyce M. C. Teng
- Department of Dermatology Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at the Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA USA
| | - Donald Y. M. Leung
- Division of Pediatric Allergy‐Immunology Department of Pediatrics National Jewish Health Denver CO USA
| | - Carina Venter
- Section of Allergy & Immunology School of Medicine University of Colorado DenverChildren's Hospital Colorado Aurora CO USA
| | - Susan M. Chan
- Department Women and Children’s Health (Pediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King’s College London London UK
- Children’s Allergy Service Evelina Children’s Hospital Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Alexandra F. Santos
- Department Women and Children’s Health (Pediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King’s College London London UK
- Children’s Allergy Service Evelina Children’s Hospital Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust London UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Henry T. Bahnson
- Benaroya Research Institute and Immune Tolerance Network Seattle WA USA
| | - Emma Guttman‐Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA
| | - Ruchi S. Gupta
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department Women and Children’s Health (Pediatric Allergy) School of Life Course Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King’s College London London UK
- Children’s Allergy Service Evelina Children’s Hospital Guy’s and St. Thomas’s NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | | | - Vanitha Sampath
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University Stanford University Stanford CA USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Department of Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Cathryn R. Nagler
- Department of Pathology and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago Chicago IL USA
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11
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Cao S, Nagler CR. Interpreting success or failure of peanut oral immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:155255. [PMID: 35040441 PMCID: PMC8759774 DOI: 10.1172/jci155255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) was recently approved by the US FDA. However, not all patients respond to OIT, and there is a high likelihood of regaining sensitization to peanuts after cessation of treatment. It is important, therefore, to identify biomarkers that impact and predict OIT outcomes. In this issue of the JCI, Monian, Tu, and colleagues describe distinct subsets of peanut-reactive CD4+ Th cell phenotypes and gene signatures with relevance to OIT outcomes using single-cell RNA-Seq and paired T cell receptor (TCR) α/β sequencing. The insights obtained will inform the development of therapeutics that target these Th cell phenotypes or deplete peanut-specific Th2 cells to achieve sustained nonresponsiveness in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Cao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering and
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering and.,Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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13
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Abstract
Diet-induced changes in the microbiome can alter immune function and promote inflammation. In a new paper in Cell, Wastyk et al. report that intervention with diets high in fermented foods or plant-based fiber have the potential to increase microbial diversity and reduce markers of immune-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Campbell
- Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, 924 E. 57(th) St. Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, 924 E. 57(th) St. Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 924 E. 57(th) St. Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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14
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Hesser LA, Nagler CR. A wild approach to obesity prevention. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1038-1039. [PMID: 34417592 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Hesser
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mimee
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Division and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Division and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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16
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Patry RT, Nagler CR. Publisher Correction: Fiber-poor Western diets fuel inflammation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:795. [PMID: 33903768 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-021-00932-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Patry
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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17
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Patry RT, Nagler CR. Publisher Correction: Fiber-poor Western diets fuel inflammation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:530. [PMID: 33664519 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Patry
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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18
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Bao R, Hesser LA, He Z, Zhou X, Nadeau KC, Nagler CR. Fecal microbiome and metabolome differ in healthy and food-allergic twins. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141935. [PMID: 33463536 DOI: 10.1172/jci141935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThere has been a striking generational increase in the prevalence of food allergies. We have proposed that this increase can be explained, in part, by alterations in the commensal microbiome.METHODSTo identify bacterial signatures and metabolic pathways that may influence the expression of this disease, we collected fecal samples from a unique, well-controlled cohort of twins concordant or discordant for food allergy. Samples were analyzed by integrating 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolite profiling.RESULTSA bacterial signature of 64 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) distinguished healthy from allergic twins; the OTUs enriched in the healthy twins were largely taxa from the Clostridia class. We detected significant enrichment in distinct metabolite pathways in each group. The enrichment of diacylglycerol in healthy twins is of particular interest for its potential as a readily measurable fecal biomarker of health. In addition, an integrated microbial-metabolomic analysis identified a significant association between healthy twins and Phascolarctobacterium faecium and Ruminococcus bromii, suggesting new possibilities for the development of live microbiome-modulating biotherapeutics.CONCLUSIONTwin pairs exhibited significant differences in their fecal microbiomes and metabolomes through adulthood, suggesting that the gut microbiota may play a protective role in patients with food allergies beyond the infant stage.TRIAL REGISTRATIONParticipants in this study were recruited as part of an observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01613885) at multiple sites from 2014 to 2018.FUNDINGThis work was supported by the Sunshine Charitable Foundation; the Moss Family Foundation; the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (R56AI134923 and R01AI 140134); the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL 118612); the Orsak family; the Kepner family; and the Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplant and Infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyue Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren A Hesser
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ziyuan He
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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19
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Campbell E, Hesser LA, Nagler CR. B cells and the microbiota: a missing connection in food allergy. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:4-13. [PMID: 33106585 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are a major public health concern due to their widespread and rising prevalence. The increase in food allergy is partially due to Western lifestyle habits which deplete protective commensal microbiota. These microbial perturbations can result in adverse host-microbe interactions, altering the phenotype of various immune cells and instigating allergic sensitization. Although B cells are critical to allergic pathology, microbial influences on B cells have been somewhat overlooked. Here, we focus on direct and indirect interactions between bacteria and B cells and how such interactions regulate B-cell phenotype, namely antibody production (IgA, IgE, IgG1, and IgG4) and regulatory B-cell (Breg) function. Understanding how microbes modulate B-cell activity in the context of food allergies is critical to both tracing the development of disease and assessing future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Campbell
- Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren A Hesser
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Microbiome-modulating therapeutics have the potential to revolutionize medicine. Here, I discuss the challenges and opportunities inherent in creating new microbiome-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn R Nagler
- Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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21
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Bunker JJ, Drees C, Watson AR, Plunkett CH, Nagler CR, Schneewind O, Eren AM, Bendelac A. B cell superantigens in the human intestinal microbiota. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/507/eaau9356. [PMID: 31462512 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau9356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IgA is prominently secreted at mucosal surfaces and coats a fraction of the commensal microbiota, a process that is critical for intestinal homeostasis. However, the mechanisms of IgA induction and the molecular targets of these antibodies remain poorly understood, particularly in humans. Here, we demonstrate that microbiota from a subset of human individuals encode two protein "superantigens" expressed on the surface of commensal bacteria of the family Lachnospiraceae such as Ruminococcus gnavus that bind IgA variable regions and stimulate potent IgA responses in mice. These superantigens stimulate B cells expressing human VH3 or murine VH5/6/7 variable regions and subsequently bind their antibodies, allowing these microbial organisms to become highly coated with IgA in vivo. These findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for commensal superantigens in host-microbiota interactions. Furthermore, as superantigen-expressing strains show an uneven distribution across human populations, they should be systematically considered in studies evaluating human B cell responses and microbiota during homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Bunker
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christoph Drees
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrea R Watson
- Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Catherine H Plunkett
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olaf Schneewind
- Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - A Murat Eren
- Committee on Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Albert Bendelac
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane R Wesemann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Abstract
The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) faces a considerable challenge. It encounters antigens derived from an estimated 1014 commensal microbes and greater than 30 kg of food proteins yearly. It must distinguish these harmless antigens from potential pathogens and mount the appropriate host immune response. Local and systemic hyporesponsiveness to dietary antigens, classically referred to as oral tolerance, comprises a distinct complement of adaptive cellular and humoral immune responses. It is increasingly evident that a functional epithelial barrier engaged in intimate interplay with innate immune cells and the resident microbiota is critical to establishing and maintaining oral tolerance. Moreover, innate immune cells serve as a bridge between the microbiota, epithelium, and the adaptive immune system, parlaying tonic microbial stimulation into signals critical for mucosal homeostasis. Dysregulation of gut homeostasis and the subsequent disruption of tolerance therefore have clinically significant consequences for the development of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye I Iweala
- UNC Food Allergy Initiative and Thurston Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7280, USA;
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1824, USA;
- Committee on Immunology, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1824, USA
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24
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Abstract
In industrialized societies the incidence of allergic diseases like atopic dermatitis, food allergies, and asthma has risen alarmingly over the last few decades. This increase has been attributed, in part, to lifestyle changes that alter the composition and function of the microbes that colonize the skin and mucosal surfaces. Strategies that reverse these changes to establish and maintain a healthy microbiome show promise for the prevention and treatment of allergic disease. In this Review, we will discuss evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that gives insights into how the microbiota of skin, intestinal tract, and airways influence immune responses in the context of allergic sensitization.
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25
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Kim YG, Sakamoto K, Seo SU, Pickard JM, Gillilland MG, Pudlo NA, Hoostal M, Li X, Wang TD, Feehley T, Stefka AT, Schmidt TM, Martens EC, Fukuda S, Inohara N, Nagler CR, Núñez G. Neonatal acquisition of Clostridia species protects against colonization by bacterial pathogens. Science 2017; 356:315-319. [PMID: 28428425 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag2029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The high susceptibility of neonates to infections has been assumed to be due to immaturity of the immune system, but the mechanism remains unclear. By colonizing adult germ-free mice with the cecal contents of neonatal and adult mice, we show that the neonatal microbiota is unable to prevent colonization by two bacterial pathogens that cause mortality in neonates. The lack of colonization resistance occurred when Clostridiales were absent in the neonatal microbiota. Administration of Clostridiales, but not Bacteroidales, protected neonatal mice from pathogen infection and abrogated intestinal pathology upon pathogen challenge. Depletion of Clostridiales also abolished colonization resistance in adult mice. The neonatal bacteria enhanced the ability of protective Clostridiales to colonize the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gi Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joseph M Pickard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Merritt G Gillilland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas A Pudlo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew Hoostal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas D Wang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Taylor Feehley
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew T Stefka
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Thomas M Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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26
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Nutsch K, Chai JN, Ai TL, Russler-Germain E, Feehley T, Nagler CR, Hsieh CS. Rapid and Efficient Generation of Regulatory T Cells to Commensal Antigens in the Periphery. Cell Rep 2017; 17:206-220. [PMID: 27681432 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal bacteria shape the colonic regulatory T (Treg) cell population required for intestinal tolerance. However, little is known about this process. Here, we use the transfer of naive commensal-reactive transgenic T cells expressing colonic Treg T cell receptors (TCRs) to study peripheral Treg (pTreg) cell development in normal hosts. We found that T cells were activated primarily in the distal mesenteric lymph node. Treg cell induction was rapid, generating >40% Foxp3(+) cells 1 week after transfer. Contrary to prior reports, Foxp3(+) cells underwent the most cell divisions, demonstrating that pTreg cell generation can be the dominant outcome from naive T cell activation. Moreover, Notch2-dependent, but not Batf3-dependent, dendritic cells were involved in Treg cell selection. Finally, neither deletion of the conserved nucleotide sequence 1 (CNS1) region in Foxp3 nor blockade of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β)-receptor signaling completely abrogated Foxp3 induction. Thus, these data show that pTreg cell selection to commensal bacteria is rapid, is robust, and may be specified by TGF-β-independent signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Nutsch
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiani N Chai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Teresa L Ai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emilie Russler-Germain
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Taylor Feehley
- Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, JFK R120, 924 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, JFK R120, 924 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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27
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Seo GY, Lee JM, Jang YS, Kang SG, Yoon SI, Ko HJ, Lee GS, Park SR, Nagler CR, Kim PH. Mechanism underlying the suppressor activity of retinoic acid on IL4-induced IgE synthesis and its physiological implication. Cell Immunol 2017; 322:49-55. [PMID: 29042055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study extends an earlier report that retinoic acid (RA) down-regulates IgE Ab synthesis in vitro. Here, we show the suppressive activity of RA on IgE production in vivo and its underlying mechanisms. We found that RA down-regulated IgE class switching recombination (CSR) mainly through RA receptor α (RARα). Additionally, RA inhibited histone acetylation of germ-line ε (GL ε) promoter, leading to suppression of IgE CSR. Consistently, serum IgE levels were substantially elevated in vitamin A-deficient (VAD) mice and this was more dramatic in VAD-lecithin:retinol acyltransferase deficient (LRAT-/-) mice. Further, serum mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) level was elevated while frequency of intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs) were diminished in VAD LRAT-/- mice, reflecting that deprivation of RA leads to allergic immune response. Taken together, our results reveal that RA has an IgE-repressive activity in vivo, which may ameliorate IgE-mediated allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goo-Young Seo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, R120, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Saeng Jang
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Rae Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, R120, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Feehley T, Belda-Ferre P, Nagler CR. What's LPS Got to Do with It? A Role for Gut LPS Variants in Driving Autoimmune and Allergic Disease. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 19:572-4. [PMID: 27173923 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial communities that live in and on our bodies have a profound influence on our health. In a new paper in Cell, Vatanen et al. (2016) report that the composition of the early-life gut microbiome, particularly those species producing lipopolysaccharide, influences the onset of autoimmune and allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Feehley
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, R120, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, R120, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, R120, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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29
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Plunkett CH, Nagler CR. The Influence of the Microbiome on Allergic Sensitization to Food. J Immunol 2017; 198:581-589. [PMID: 28069753 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The alarming increase in the incidence and severity of food allergies has coincided with lifestyle changes in Western societies, such as dietary modifications and increased antibiotic use. These demographic shifts have profoundly altered the coevolved relationship between host and microbiota, depleting bacterial populations critical for the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that the dysbiosis associated with sensitization to food fails to stimulate protective tolerogenic pathways, leading to the development of the type 2 immune responses that characterize allergic disease. Defining the role of beneficial allergy-protective members of the microbiota in the regulation of tolerance to food has exciting potential for new interventions to treat dietary allergies by modulation of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; and .,Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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30
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Aitoro R, Simeoli R, Amoroso A, Paparo L, Nocerino R, Pirozzi C, di Costanzo M, Meli R, De Caro C, Picariello G, Mamone G, Calignano A, Nagler CR, Berni Canani R. Extensively hydrolyzed casein formula alone or with L. rhamnosus GG reduces β-lactoglobulin sensitization in mice. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2017; 28:230-237. [PMID: 27992668 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensively hydrolyzed casein formula (EHCF) has been proposed for the prevention and is commonly used for the treatment of cow's milk allergy (CMA). The addition of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) to EHCF may induce faster acquisition of tolerance to cow's milk. The mechanisms underlying this effect are largely unexplored. We investigated the effects of EHCF alone or in combination with LGG on β-lactoglobulin (BLG) sensitization in mice. METHODS Three-week-old C3H/HeOuJ mice were sensitized by oral administration of BLG using cholera toxin as adjuvant at weekly intervals for 5 weeks (sensitization period). Two experimental phases were conducted: (i) EHCF or EHCF+LGG given daily, starting 2 weeks before the sensitization period and then given daily for 5 weeks and (ii) EHCF or EHCF+LGG given daily for 4 weeks, starting 1 week after the sensitization period. Diet free of cow's milk protein was used as control. Acute allergic skin response, anaphylactic symptom score, body temperature, intestinal permeability, anti-BLG serum IgE, and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ mRNA expression were analyzed. Peptide fractions of EHCF were characterized by reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and nano-HPLC/ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS Extensively hydrolyzed casein formula administration before or after BLG-induced sensitization significantly reduced acute allergic skin reaction, anaphylactic symptom score, body temperature decrease, intestinal permeability increase, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and anti-BLG IgE production. EHCF increased expression of IFN-γ and IL-10. Many of these effects were significantly enhanced by LGG supplementation. The peptide panels were similar between the two study formulas and contained sequences that could have immunoregulatory activities. CONCLUSIONS The data support dietary intervention with EHCF for CMA prevention and treatment through a favorable immunomodulatory action. The observed effects are significantly enhanced by LGG supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Aitoro
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Simeoli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Amoroso
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Lorella Paparo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Nocerino
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita di Costanzo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Committee on Immunology and Departments of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for The Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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Lei YM, Chen L, Wang Y, Stefka AT, Molinero LL, Theriault B, Aquino-Michaels K, Sivan AS, Nagler CR, Gajewski TF, Chong AS, Bartman C, Alegre ML. The composition of the microbiota modulates allograft rejection. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2736-44. [PMID: 27322054 DOI: 10.1172/jci85295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation is the only cure for end-stage organ failure, but without immunosuppression, T cells rapidly reject allografts. While genetic disparities between donor and recipient are major determinants of the kinetics of transplant rejection, little is known about the contribution of environmental factors. Because colonized organs have worse transplant outcome than sterile organs, we tested the influence of host and donor microbiota on skin transplant rejection. Compared with untreated conventional mice, pretreatment of donors and recipients with broad-spectrum antibiotics (Abx) or use of germ-free (GF) donors and recipients resulted in prolonged survival of minor antigen-mismatched skin grafts. Increased graft survival correlated with reduced type I IFN signaling in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and decreased priming of alloreactive T cells. Colonization of GF mice with fecal material from untreated conventional mice, but not from Abx-pretreated mice, enhanced the ability of APCs to prime alloreactive T cells and accelerated graft rejection, suggesting that alloimmunity is modulated by the composition of microbiota rather than the quantity of bacteria. Abx pretreatment of conventional mice also delayed rejection of major antigen-mismatched skin and MHC class II-mismatched cardiac allografts. This study demonstrates that Abx pretreatment prolongs graft survival, suggesting that targeting microbial constituents is a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing graft acceptance.
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Berni Canani R, Gilbert JA, Nagler CR. The role of the commensal microbiota in the regulation of tolerance to dietary allergens. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 15:243-9. [PMID: 25827065 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the evidence that environmental stimuli that perturb naturally selected host-microbe interactions are driving the increasing prevalence of food allergy and examine the mechanisms by which commensal bacteria regulate tolerance to dietary allergens. RECENT FINDINGS Antibiotic use and the consumption of a high-fat/low-fiber diet have a major and rapid impact on gut bacterial populations, with long-term consequences for both overall microbial community structure and the regulation of host immunity. Recent work emphasizes the role of mucosa-associated commensal bacteria in eliciting a barrier-protective response critical to preventing allergic sensitization to food. Murine model studies are informing the development of novel live biotherapeutic approaches as an adjunctive therapy to enhance antigen-specific oral desensitization and to promote lasting tolerance in patients with food allergy. SUMMARY Strategies based on modulating the composition and/or functionality of the gut microbiome hold promise for the treatment of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Berni Canani
- aDepartment of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for The Investigation of Food Induced Diseases and CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy bInstitute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Biosciences Department, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne cDepartment of Ecology and Evolution dDepartment of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois eMarine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA fCollege of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China gCommittee on Immunology and Departments of Pathology, Medicine and The College, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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33
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Lax S, Nagler CR, Gilbert JA. Our interface with the built environment: immunity and the indoor microbiota. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:121-3. [PMID: 25754179 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rise of urbanization and an increasingly indoor lifestyle has affected human interactions with our microbiota in unprecedented ways. We discuss how this lifestyle may influence immune development and function, and argue that it is time that we examined ways to manipulate the indoor environment to increase our exposure to a wider phylogeny of microorganisms. An important step is to continue to engage citizen scientists in the efforts to characterize our interactions with the diverse microbial environments that we inhabit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lax
- Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Biosciences Department, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Biosciences Department, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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34
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Yano JM, Yu K, Donaldson GP, Shastri GG, Ann P, Ma L, Nagler CR, Ismagilov RF, Mazmanian SK, Hsiao EY. Indigenous bacteria from the gut microbiota regulate host serotonin biosynthesis. Cell 2015; 161:264-76. [PMID: 25860609 PMCID: PMC4393509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1981] [Impact Index Per Article: 220.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains much of the body's serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), but mechanisms controlling the metabolism of gut-derived 5-HT remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the microbiota plays a critical role in regulating host 5-HT. Indigenous spore-forming bacteria (Sp) from the mouse and human microbiota promote 5-HT biosynthesis from colonic enterochromaffin cells (ECs), which supply 5-HT to the mucosa, lumen, and circulating platelets. Importantly, microbiota-dependent effects on gut 5-HT significantly impact host physiology, modulating GI motility and platelet function. We identify select fecal metabolites that are increased by Sp and that elevate 5-HT in chromaffin cell cultures, suggesting direct metabolic signaling of gut microbes to ECs. Furthermore, elevating luminal concentrations of particular microbial metabolites increases colonic and blood 5-HT in germ-free mice. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that Sp are important modulators of host 5-HT and further highlight a key role for host-microbiota interactions in regulating fundamental 5-HT-related biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Yano
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kristie Yu
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Gregory P. Donaldson
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Gauri G. Shastri
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Phoebe Ann
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Cathryn R. Nagler
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rustem F. Ismagilov
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sarkis K. Mazmanian
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Elaine Y. Hsiao
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA,Correspondence to:
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35
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Feehley T, Nagler CR. Cellular and molecular pathways through which commensal bacteria modulate sensitization to dietary antigens. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 31:79-86. [PMID: 25458998 PMCID: PMC4255329 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Food allergies are a growing public health concern. The rapidly increasing prevalence of allergic disease cannot be explained by genetic variation alone, suggesting a role for gene-by-environment interactions. The bacteria that colonize barrier surfaces, often referred to as the commensal microbiota, are dramatically affected by environmental factors and have a major impact on host health and homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in the composition of the microbiota, caused by factors such as antibiotic use and diet, are contributing to increased sensitization to dietary antigens. This review will discuss the cellular and molecular pathways activated by commensal bacteria to protect against allergic sensitization. By understanding the interplay between the environment, the microbiota, and the host, we may uncover novel therapeutic targets that will allow us to control the allergy epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Feehley
- Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 924 E. 57th St. JFK R120, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 924 E. 57th St. JFK R120, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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36
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Cao S, Feehley TJ, Nagler CR. The role of commensal bacteria in the regulation of sensitization to food allergens. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4258-66. [PMID: 24791655 PMCID: PMC4216641 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of life-threatening anaphylactic responses to food is rising at an alarming rate. The emerging role of the gut microbiota in regulating food allergen sensitization may help explain this trend. The mechanisms by which commensal bacteria influence sensitization to dietary antigens are only beginning to be explored. We have found that a population of mucosa-associated commensal anaerobes prevents food allergen sensitization by promoting an IL-22-dependent barrier protective immune response that limits the access of food allergens to the systemic circulation. This early response is followed by an adaptive immune response mediated in part by an expansion of Foxp3(+) Tregs that fortifies the tolerogenic milieu needed to maintain non-responsiveness to food. Bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, may contribute to the process through their ability to promote Foxp3(+) Treg differentiation. This work suggests that environmentally induced alterations of the gut microbiota offset the regulatory signals conferred by protective bacterial species to promote aberrant responses to food. Our research presents exciting new possibilities for preventing and treating food allergies based on interventions that modulate the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severine Cao
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, JFK R120, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Taylor J Feehley
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, JFK R120, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57th Street, JFK R120, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
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Abstract
Analyses in mice and humans indicate that non-caloric artificial sweeteners may promote obesity-associated metabolic changes by changing the function of the bacteria that colonize the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Feehley
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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38
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Stefka AT, Feehley T, Tripathi P, Qiu J, McCoy K, Mazmanian SK, Tjota MY, Seo GY, Cao S, Theriault BR, Antonopoulos DA, Zhou L, Chang EB, Fu YX, Nagler CR. Commensal bacteria protect against food allergen sensitization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13145-50. [PMID: 25157157 PMCID: PMC4246970 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412008111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally induced alterations in the commensal microbiota have been implicated in the increasing prevalence of food allergy. We show here that sensitization to a food allergen is increased in mice that have been treated with antibiotics or are devoid of a commensal microbiota. By selectively colonizing gnotobiotic mice, we demonstrate that the allergy-protective capacity is conferred by a Clostridia-containing microbiota. Microarray analysis of intestinal epithelial cells from gnotobiotic mice revealed a previously unidentified mechanism by which Clostridia regulate innate lymphoid cell function and intestinal epithelial permeability to protect against allergen sensitization. Our findings will inform the development of novel approaches to prevent or treat food allergy based on modulating the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ju Qiu
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Kathy McCoy
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarkis K Mazmanian
- Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liang Zhou
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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Cao AT, Yao S, Stefka AT, Liu Z, Qin H, Liu H, Evans-Marin HL, Elson CO, Nagler CR, Cong Y. TLR4 regulates IFN-γ and IL-17 production by both thymic and induced Foxp3+ Tregs during intestinal inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:895-905. [PMID: 25015957 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0114-056rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tregs play a crucial role in the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis. However, significant numbers of Foxp3(+) Tregs accumulate in the inflamed lesions in experimental colitis and in IBD patients. Treg production of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and/or IL-17 may arguably explain their ineffectiveness in suppressing intestinal inflammation. However, it remains unknown whether iTreg and tTreg produce proinflammatory cytokines and how TLR signaling regulates this process. Here, we found that Foxp3(+)Tregs were increased in the intestines of B6.TLR4(-/-) and B6.IL-10(-/-) mice when compared with WT B6 mice. TLR4(-/-) and IL-10(-/-) resulted in more Tregs within inflamed intestines. The majority of Foxp3(+) Tregs in the spleen was Helios(+)Nrp1(+), whereas most Foxp3(+) Tregs in the intestinal LP were Helios(-)Nrp1(-). More Helios(+)Nrp1(+) Tregs expressed IFN-γ and/or IL-17 than did Helios(-)Nrp1(-) Tregs in the spleen and intestine, which was increased with TLR4(-/-). TLR4 signaling in T cells and APCs inhibited Foxp3(+) induction via MyD88-dependent, TRIF-independent pathways, which was negatively regulated by SOCS3. Collectively, these data demonstrate Helios(+)Nrp1(+) tTregs and Helios(-)Nrp1(-) iTregs produce proinflammatory cytokines in the intestines during inflammation, which was regulated by TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suxia Yao
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Andrew T Stefka
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai; and
| | | | - Houpu Liu
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | | | - Charles O Elson
- Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA;
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40
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Nagler CR. Introduction to Special Issue on Food Allergy. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 34:615-6. [PMID: 22945458 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn R Nagler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Nagatani K, Wang S, Llado V, Lau CW, Li Z, Mizoguchi A, Nagler CR, Shibata Y, Reinecker HC, Mora JR, Mizoguchi E. Chitin microparticles for the control of intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1698-710. [PMID: 22241684 PMCID: PMC3586600 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.22874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitin is a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine with the ability to regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the detailed mechanisms of chitin-mediated regulation of intestinal inflammation are only partially known. METHODS In this study chitin microparticles (CMPs) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were orally administered to acute and chronic colitis models every 3 days for 6 consecutive weeks beginning at weaning age. The effects of this treatment were evaluated by histology, cytokine production, coculture study, and enteric bacterial analysis in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis or T-cell receptor alpha (TCRα) knockout chronic colitis models. RESULTS Histologically, chitin-treated mice showed significantly suppressed colitis as compared with PBS-treated mice in both animal models. The production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was upregulated in the mucosa of chitin-treated mice compared with control mice. The major source of IFN-γ-producing cells was CD4+ T cells. In mouse dendritic cells (DCs) we found that CMPs were efficiently internalized and processed within 48 hours. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) CD4+ T cells isolated from chitin-treated mice produced a 7-fold higher amount of IFN-γ in the culture supernatant after being cocultured with DCs and chitin as compared with the control. Proliferation of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)(low) CD4+ T cells in MLNs and enteric bacterial translocation rates were significantly reduced in chitin-treated mice when compared with the control. In addition, CMPs improved the imbalance of enteric bacterial compositions and significantly increased interleukin (IL)-10-producing cells in noninflamed colon, indicating the immunoregulatory effects of CMPs in intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS CMPs significantly suppress the development of inflammation by modulating cytokine balance and microbial environment in colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Nagatani
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sen Wang
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Llado
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy W. Lau
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zongxi Li
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Atsushi Mizoguchi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cathryn R. Nagler
- Department of Pathology, Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yoshimi Shibata
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Hans-Christian Reinecker
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. Rodrigo Mora
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emiko Mizoguchi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
The incidence of food allergy in developed countries is rising at a rate that cannot be attributed to genetic variation alone. In this review, we discuss the environmental factors that may contribute to the increasing prevalence of potentially fatal anaphylactic responses to food. Decreased exposure to enteric infections due to advances in vaccination and sanitation, along with the adoption of high-fat (Western) diets, antibiotic use, Cesarean birth, and formula feeding of infants, have all been implicated in altering the enteric microbiome away from its ancestral state. This collection of resident commensal microbes performs many important physiological functions and plays a central role in the development of the immune system. We hypothesize that alterations in the microbiome interfere with immune system maturation, resulting in impairment of IgA production, reduced abundance of regulatory T cells, and Th2-skewing of baseline immune responses which drive aberrant responses to innocuous (food) antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Feehley
- Committee on Immunology and Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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McBee ME, Zeng Y, Parry N, Nagler CR, Tannenbaum SR, Schauer DB. Multivariate modeling identifies neutrophil- and Th17-related factors as differential serum biomarkers of chronic murine colitis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13277. [PMID: 20976045 PMCID: PMC2957404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosis of chronic intestinal inflammation, which characterizes inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), along with prediction of disease state is hindered by the availability of predictive serum biomarker. Serum biomarkers predictive of disease state will improve trials for therapeutic intervention, and disease monitoring, particularly in genetically susceptible individuals. Chronic inflammation during IBD is considered distinct from infectious intestinal inflammation thereby requiring biomarkers to provide differential diagnosis. To address whether differential serum biomarkers could be identified in murine models of colitis, immunological profiles from both chronic spontaneous and acute infectious colitis were compared and predictive serum biomarkers identified via multivariate modeling. Methodology/Principal Findings Discriminatory multivariate modeling of 23 cytokines plus chlorotyrosine and nitrotyrosine (protein adducts from reactive nitrogen species and hypochlorite) in serum and tissue from two murine models of colitis was performed to identify disease-associated biomarkers. Acute C. rodentium-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice and chronic spontaneous Helicobacter-dependent colitis in TLR4−/− x IL-10−/− mice were utilized for evaluation. Colon profiles of both colitis models were nearly identical with chemokines, neutrophil- and Th17-related factors highly associated with intestinal disease. In acute colitis, discriminatory disease-associated serum factors were not those identified in the colon. In contrast, the discriminatory predictive serum factors for chronic colitis were neutrophil- and Th17-related factors (KC, IL-12/23p40, IL-17, G-CSF, and chlorotyrosine) that were also elevated in colon tissue. Chronic colitis serum biomarkers were specific to chronic colitis as they were not discriminatory for acute colitis. Conclusions/Significance Immunological profiling revealed strikingly similar colon profiles, yet distinctly different serum profiles for acute and chronic colitis. Neutrophil- and Th17-related factors were identified as predictive serum biomarkers of chronic colitis, but not acute colitis, despite their presence in colitic tissue of both diseases thereby demonstrating the utility of mathematical modeling for identifying disease-associated serum biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E McBee
- Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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44
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Matharu KS, Mizoguchi E, Cotoner CA, Nguyen DD, Mingle B, Iweala OI, McBee ME, Stefka AT, Prioult G, Haigis KM, Bhan AK, Snapper SB, Murakami H, Schauer DB, Reinecker HC, Mizoguchi A, Nagler CR. Toll-like receptor 4-mediated regulation of spontaneous Helicobacter-dependent colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:1380-90.e1-3. [PMID: 19596011 PMCID: PMC2757440 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The commensal microbiota is believed to have an important role in regulating immune responsiveness and preventing intestinal inflammation. Intestinal microbes produce signals that regulate inflammation via Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, but the mechanisms of this process are poorly understood. We investigated the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 in this signaling pathway using a mouse model of colitis. METHODS Clinical, histopathologic, and functional parameters of intestinal inflammation were evaluated in TLR4(-/-), IL-10(-/-), and TLR4(-/-) x IL-10(-/-) mice that were free of specific pathogens and in TLR4(-/-) x IL-10(-/-) mice following eradication and reintroduction of Helicobacter hepaticus. Regulatory T-cell (Treg) function was evaluated by crossing each of the lines with transgenic mice that express green fluorescent protein under control of the endogenous regulatory elements of Foxp3. Apoptotic cells in the colonic lamina propria were detected by a TUNEL assay. RESULTS TLR4-mediated signals have 2 interrelated roles in promoting inflammation in TLR4(-/-) x IL-10(-/-) mice. In the absence of TLR4-mediated signals, secretion of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines is dysregulated. Tregs (Foxp3(+)) that secrete interferon-gamma and IL-17 accumulate in the colonic lamina propria of TLR4(-/-) x IL-10(-/-) mice and do not prevent inflammation. Aberrant control of epithelial cell turnover results in the persistence of antigen-presenting cells that contain apoptotic epithelial fragments in the colonic lamina propria of Helicobacter-infected TLR4(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS In mice that lack both IL-10- and TLR4-mediated signals, aberrant regulatory T-cell function and dysregulated control of epithelial homeostasis combine to exacerbate intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir S. Matharu
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
| | - Emiko Mizoguchi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
| | - Carmen Alonso Cotoner
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
| | - Deanna D. Nguyen
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
| | - Bethany Mingle
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
| | - Onyinye I. Iweala
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
| | - Megan E. McBee
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Andrew T. Stefka
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
| | - Guenolee Prioult
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Nestle Research Center, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Kevin M. Haigis
- Molecular Pathology/Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
| | - Atul K. Bhan
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
| | - Hidehiro Murakami
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime 791 0295 Japan
| | - David B. Schauer
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Hans-Christian Reinecker
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
| | - Atsushi Mizoguchi
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
| | - Cathryn R. Nagler
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA,Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114 and Charlestown 02129 MA
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Iweala OI, Smith DW, Matharu KS, Sada-Ovalle I, Nguyen DD, Dekruyff RH, Umetsu DT, Behar SM, Nagler CR. Vaccine-induced antibody isotypes are skewed by impaired CD4 T cell and invariant NKT cell effector responses in MyD88-deficient mice. J Immunol 2009; 183:2252-60. [PMID: 19620295 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The requirement for TLR signaling in the initiation of an Ag-specific Ab response is controversial. In this report we show that a novel OVA-expressing recombinant Salmonella vaccine (Salmonella-OVA) elicits a Th1-biased cell-mediated and serum Ab response upon oral or i.p. immunization of C57BL/6 mice. In MyD88(-/-) mice, Th1-dependent Ab responses are greatly reduced while Th2-dependent Ab isotypes are elevated in response to oral and i.p., but not s.c. footpad, immunization. When the T effector response to oral vaccination is examined we find that activated, adoptively transferred Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells accumulate in the draining lymph nodes, but fail to produce IFN-gamma, in MyD88(-/-) mice. Moreover, CD1d tetramer staining shows that invariant NKT cells are activated in response to oral Salmonella-OVA vaccination in wild-type, but not MyD88(-/-), mice. Treatment with neutralizing Ab to CD1d reduces the OVA-specific Ab response only in MyD88-sufficient wild-type mice, suggesting that both Ag-specific CD4 T cell and invariant NKT cell effector responses to Salmonella-OVA vaccination are MyD88 dependent. Taken together, our data indicate that the type of adaptive immune response generated to this live attenuated vaccine is regulated by both the presence of MyD88-mediated signals and vaccination route, which may have important implications for future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye I Iweala
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Division of Rheumatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Harris JB, Podolsky MJ, Bhuiyan TR, Chowdhury F, Khan AI, Larocque RC, Logvinenko T, Kendall J, Faruque ASG, Nagler CR, Ryan ET, Qadri F, Calderwood SB. Immunologic responses to Vibrio cholerae in patients co-infected with intestinal parasites in Bangladesh. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2009; 3:e403. [PMID: 19333369 PMCID: PMC2657204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with intestinal helminths is common and may contribute to the decreased efficacy of Vibrio cholerae vaccines in endemic compared to non-endemic areas. However, the immunomodulatory effects of concomitant intestinal parasitic infection in cholera patients have not been systematically evaluated. Methods We evaluated V. cholerae-specific immune responses in a cohort of patients with severe cholera. 361 patients completed 21 days of observation and 53 (15%) had evidence of a concomitant intestinal parasitic infection based on direct microscopy. Although there were no significant differences in the vibriocidal or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific immune responses to V. cholerae, helminth-infected cholera patients had decreased fecal and serum IgA immune responses to the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) as well as a more modest decrease in serum IgG response to CTB. These findings remained significant for all classes of helminth infection and when controlling for potential confounding variables such as age and nutritional status. Although we hypothesized the differential effect on CTB and LPS immune responses was due to T-cell-dependent immunomodulatory effects of helminth infection, we did not find additional evidence to support a classic Th1 or Th2 polarization of the immune response to V. cholerae infection related to parasite infection. Conclusions/Significance The finding that helminth infection has a profound association with the mucosal humoral immune response to V. cholerae has implications for the development of protective immunity in cholera-endemic areas and provides an additional basis for deworming programs in cholera-endemic areas. Additional studies, including further characterization of the role of T cells in the immune response to human V. cholerae infection and the development of an animal model of co-infection, may provide additional insight into the mechanisms underlying these findings. Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, a severe diarrhea that may lead to fatal dehydration if not treated. Cholera occurs mostly in impoverished areas where there is poor sanitation and intestinal parasites are also common. However, little is known about the relationship between intestinal parasites and cholera. To learn about how parasites affect the immune response to Vibrio cholerae, this article describes 361 patients with cholera, including 53 who had intestinal parasitic infection. We found that cholera patients with parasitic worms had decreased antibody response to cholera toxin. The decrease was greatest in IgA antibodies, which are secreted in the intestine. However, patients with worm infection did not have a difference in their immune response to lipopolysaccharide, a sugar-based molecule that is important for immunity. These different effects on the immune response to cholera toxin and lipopolysaccharide could be explained by the effect of parasitic infection on CD4+ T cells, a type of cell that influences the development of the antibody response to proteins such as cholera toxin but may not always influence the response to sugar-based molecules. The finding that worm infection is associated with decreased immune responses to cholera provides an additional reason for deworming in cholera-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Urban JF, Steenhard NR, Solano-Aguilar GI, Dawson HD, Iweala OI, Nagler CR, Noland GS, Kumar N, Anthony RM, Shea-Donohue T, Weinstock J, Gause WC. Infection with parasitic nematodes confounds vaccination efficacy. Vet Parasitol 2007; 148:14-20. [PMID: 17587500 PMCID: PMC1959410 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
T helper (Th) cells produce signature cytokine patterns, induced largely by intracellular versus extracellular pathogens that provide the cellular and molecular basis for counter regulatory expression of protective immunity during concurrent infections. The production of IL-12 and IFN-gamma, for example, resulting from exposure to many bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens is responsible for Th1-derived protective responses that also can inhibit development of Th2-cells expressing IL-4-dependent immunity to extracellular helminth parasites and vice versa. In a similar manner, concurrent helminth infection alters optimal vaccine-induced responses in humans and livestock; however, the consequences of this condition have not been adequately studied especially in the context of a challenge infection following vaccination. Demands for new and effective vaccines to control chronic and emerging diseases, and the need for rapid deployment of vaccines for bio security concerns requires a systematic evaluation of confounding factors that limit vaccine efficacy. One common albeit overlooked confounder is the presence of gastrointestinal nematode parasites in populations of humans and livestock targeted for vaccination. This is particularly important in areas of the world were helminth infections are prevalent, but the interplay between parasites and emerging diseases that can be transmitted worldwide make this a global issue. In addition, it is not clear if the epidemic in allergic disease in industrialized countries substitutes for geohelminth infection to interfere with effective vaccination regimens. This presentation will focus on recent vaccination studies in mice experimentally infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus to model the condition of gastrointestinal parasite infestation in mammalian populations targeted for vaccination. In addition, a large animal vaccination and challenge model against Mycoplasma hyopneumonia in swine exposed to Ascaris suum will provide a specific example of the need for further work in this area, and for controlled field studies to assess the impact of other similar scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Urban
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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Iweala OI, Smith DW, Urban JF, Nagler CR. Th2 polarizing helminth infection alters the immune response to an oral Salmonella-OVA vaccine (41.5). The Journal of Immunology 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.41.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have previously shown that enteric helminth infection acts as a mucosal adjuvant, priming for a Th2 biased response to soluble ovalbumin (OVA), a tolerogenic form of dietary antigen. An immunogenic response to orally administered OVA can be elicited by administration of OVA in the context of an oral vaccine. To examine whether chronic enteric infection can also influence the efficacy of oral vaccination we examined the response to a novel OVA-expressing oral Salmonella vaccine (Salmonella-OVA; Smith et al submitted) in both infected and non-infected mice. This live attenuated vaccine induces a Th1 biased mucosal and systemic OVA specific response. Infection of C57Bl/6 mice with the helminthic parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus delayed and reduced the Th1 dependent serum OVA specific IgG2c response induced by two doses of oral vaccine. By contrast, helminth infection enhanced the Th2 dependent serum OVA specific IgG1 response. Helminth infection also altered mucosal and systemic OVA specific cytokine and chemokine responses. These data suggest that concomitant enteric helminth infection can significantly alter the immune response to oral vaccination. Since chronic enteric parasitic infections are endemic in much of the developing world, our observations have important implications for the testing and development of mucosal vaccines.
This work was supported by NIH grants DK 55678 and DK43551 and predoctoral training fellowships 5F31AI054229-05 and T32 A107529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye I. Iweala
- 1Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Room 6114, Charlestown, MA, 02129,
| | - Donald W. Smith
- 1Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Room 6114, Charlestown, MA, 02129,
| | - Joseph F. Urban
- 2Nutrient Requirements and Functions Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Center, ARS/USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave BLDG 307-C BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705
| | - Cathryn R. Nagler
- 1Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Disease, Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Room 6114, Charlestown, MA, 02129,
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Abstract
Immune privilege in the gut is the result of a complex interplay between the gut microbiome, gut luminal antigens, and the intestinal epithelial barrier. Composed of both physical and immunochemical components, the intestinal barrier secretes immunoregulatory mediators that promote the generation of tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells, phagocytic innate immune cells characterized by 'inflammatory anergy', and regulatory cells of the adaptive immune system. Innate immune cells mediate controlled transepithelial transport of luminal antigens as far as the mesenteric lymph nodes, where the intestinal and peripheral immune systems intersect. This promotes the generation of adaptive regulatory lymphocytes that actively suppress effector cell responses against gut luminal antigens and flora. The net result is the generation of tolerance to dietary antigens and the maintenance of gut homeostasis. Dysregulation of this complex immunoregulatory network leads to diseases such as food allergy and inflammatory bowel disease. Future therapies for these diseases will likely involve the functional restoration of the barrier and regulatory cell functions at the epithelial/luminal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye I Iweala
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-4404, USA
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