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Depalle B, McGilvery CM, Nobakhti S, Aldegaither N, Shefelbine SJ, Porter AE. Osteopontin regulates type I collagen fibril formation in bone tissue. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:194-202. [PMID: 32344173 PMCID: PMC7821990 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a non-collagenous protein involved in biomineralization of bone tissue. Beyond its role in biomineralization, we show that osteopontin is essential to the quality of collagen fibrils in bone. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that, in Opn-/- tissue, the organization of the collagen fibrils was highly heterogeneous, more disorganized than WT bone and comprised of regions of both organized and disorganized matrix with a reduced density. The Opn-/- bone tissue also exhibited regions in which the collagen had lost its characteristic fibrillar structure, and the crystals were disorganized. Using nanobeam electron diffraction, we show that damage to structural integrity of collagen fibrils in Opn-/- bone tissue and their organization causes mineral disorganization, which could ultimately affect its mechanical integrity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study presents new evidence about the role of osteopontin (OPN) - a non-collagenous protein - on the structure and organization of the organic and mineral matrix in bone. In previous work, osteopontin has been suggested to regulate the nucleation and growth of bone mineral crystals and to form sacrificial bonds between mineralized collagen fibrils to enhance bone's toughness. Our findings show that OPN plays a crucial role before mineralization, during the formation of the collagen fibrils. OPN-deficient bones present a lower collagen content compared to wild type bone and, at the tissue level, collagen fibrils organization can be significantly altered in the absence of OPN. Our results suggest that OPN is critical for the formation and/or remodeling of bone collagen matrix. Our findings could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies of bone diseases affecting collagen formation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Depalle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA United States.
| | - Catriona M McGilvery
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabah Nobakhti
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA United States
| | - Nouf Aldegaither
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandra J Shefelbine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA United States
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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McGilvery CM, Abellan P, Kłosowski MM, Livingston AG, Cabral JT, Ramasse QM, Porter AE. Nanoscale Chemical Heterogeneity in Aromatic Polyamide Membranes for Reverse Osmosis Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:19890-19902. [PMID: 32255610 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis membranes are used within the oil and gas industry for seawater desalination on off-shore oilrigs. The membranes consist of three layers of material: a polyester backing layer, a polysulfone support and a polyamide (PA) thin film separating layer. It is generally thought that the PA layer controls ion selectivity within the membrane but little is understood about its structure or chemistry at the molecular scale. This active polyamide layer is synthesized by interfacial polymerization at an organic/aqueous interface between m-phenylenediamine and trimesoyl chloride, producing a highly cross-linked PA polymer. It has been speculated that the distribution of functional chemistry within this layer could play a role in solute filtration. The only technique potentially capable of probing the distribution of functional chemistry within the active PA layer with sufficient spatial and energy resolution is scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS). Its use is a challenge because organic materials suffer beam-induced damage at relatively modest electron doses. Here we show that it is possible to use the N K-edge to map the active layer of a PA film using monochromated EELS spectrum imaging. The active PA layer is 12 nm thick, which supports previous neutron reflectivity data. Clear changes in the fine structure of the C K-edge across the PA films are measured and we use machine learning to assign fine structure at this edge. Using this method, we map highly heterogeneous intensity variations in functional chemistry attributed to N-C═C bonds within the PA. Similarities are found with previous molecular dynamics simulations of PA showing regions with a higher density of amide bonding as a result of the aggregation process at similar length scales. The chemical pathways that can be deduced may offer a clearer understanding of the transport mechanisms through the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona M McGilvery
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Abellan
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Michał M Kłosowski
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G Livingston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - João T Cabral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin M Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory, SciTech Daresbury Campus, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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3
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Constantinou AP, Marie-Sainte U, Peng L, Carroll DR, McGilvery CM, Dunlop IE, Georgiou TK. Effect of block copolymer architecture and composition on gold nanoparticle fabrication. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00931k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) fabricated via the self-assembly of block copolymers of various architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Constantinou
- Department of Materials
- Exhibition Road
- Royal School of Mines
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - Uriel Marie-Sainte
- Department of Materials
- Exhibition Road
- Royal School of Mines
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - Lihui Peng
- Department of Materials
- Exhibition Road
- Royal School of Mines
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - Dean R. Carroll
- Department of Materials
- Exhibition Road
- Royal School of Mines
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - Catriona M. McGilvery
- Department of Materials
- Exhibition Road
- Royal School of Mines
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - Iain E. Dunlop
- Department of Materials
- Exhibition Road
- Royal School of Mines
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - Theoni K. Georgiou
- Department of Materials
- Exhibition Road
- Royal School of Mines
- Imperial College London
- UK
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4
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Gonzalez-Carter DA, Ong ZY, McGilvery CM, Dunlop IE, Dexter DT, Porter AE. L-DOPA functionalized, multi-branched gold nanoparticles as brain-targeted nano-vehicles. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2019; 15:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Marchesini S, McGilvery CM, Bailey J, Petit C. Template-Free Synthesis of Highly Porous Boron Nitride: Insights into Pore Network Design and Impact on Gas Sorption. ACS Nano 2017; 11:10003-10011. [PMID: 28892607 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Production of biocompatible and stable porous materials, e.g., boron nitride, exhibiting tunable and enhanced porosity is a prerequisite if they are to be employed to address challenges such as drug delivery, molecular separations, or catalysis. However, there is currently very limited understanding of the formation mechanisms of porous boron nitride and the parameters controlling its porosity, which ultimately prevents exploiting the material's full potential. Herein, we produce boron nitride with high and tunable surface area and micro/mesoporosity via a facile template-free method using multiple readily available N-containing precursors with different thermal decomposition patterns. The gases are gradually released, creating hierarchical pores, high surface areas (>1900 m2/g), and micropore volumes. We use 3D tomography techniques to reconstruct the pore structure, allowing direct visualization of the mesopore network. Additional imaging and analytical tools are employed to characterize the materials from the micro- down to the nanoscale. The CO2 uptake of the materials rivals or surpasses those of commercial benchmarks or other boron nitride materials reported to date (up to 4 times higher), even after pelletizing. Overall, the approach provides a scalable route to porous boron nitride production as well as fundamental insights into the material's formation, which can be used to design a variety of boron nitride structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Marchesini
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Catriona M McGilvery
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Josh Bailey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Camille Petit
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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Li Y, Kłosowski MM, McGilvery CM, Porter AE, Livingston AG, Cabral JT. Probing flow activity in polyamide layer of reverse osmosis membrane with nanoparticle tracers. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Hart M, White ER, Chen J, McGilvery CM, Pickard CJ, Michaelides A, Sella A, Shaffer MSP, Salzmann CG. Encapsulation and Polymerization of White Phosphorus Inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Edward R. White
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ji Chen
- Thomas Young Centre; Department of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for Nanotechnology; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Catriona M. McGilvery
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; Prince Consort Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Chris J. Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy; University of Cambridge; 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre; Department of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for Nanotechnology; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Andrea Sella
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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8
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Hart M, White ER, Chen J, McGilvery CM, Pickard CJ, Michaelides A, Sella A, Shaffer MSP, Salzmann CG. Encapsulation and Polymerization of White Phosphorus Inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8144-8148. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hart
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Edward R. White
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ji Chen
- Thomas Young Centre; Department of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for Nanotechnology; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Catriona M. McGilvery
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; Prince Consort Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Chris J. Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy; University of Cambridge; 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre; Department of Physics and Astronomy, and London Centre for Nanotechnology; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Andrea Sella
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry; University College London; 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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9
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Robinson RK, Birrell MA, Adcock JJ, Wortley MA, Dubuis ED, Chen S, McGilvery CM, Hu S, Shaffer MSP, Bonvini SJ, Maher SA, Mudway IS, Porter AE, Carlsten C, Tetley TD, Belvisi MG. Mechanistic link between diesel exhaust particles and respiratory reflexes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:1074-1084.e9. [PMID: 28532657 PMCID: PMC5840514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are a major component of particulate matter in Europe's largest cities, and epidemiologic evidence links exposure with respiratory symptoms and asthma exacerbations. Respiratory reflexes are responsible for symptoms and are regulated by vagal afferent nerves, which innervate the airway. It is not known how DEP exposure activates airway afferents to elicit symptoms, such as cough and bronchospasm. Objective We sought to identify the mechanisms involved in activation of airway sensory afferents by DEPs. Methods In this study we use in vitro and in vivo electrophysiologic techniques, including a unique model that assesses depolarization (a marker of sensory nerve activation) of human vagus. Results We demonstrate a direct interaction between DEP and airway C-fiber afferents. In anesthetized guinea pigs intratracheal administration of DEPs activated airway C-fibers. The organic extract (DEP-OE) and not the cleaned particles evoked depolarization of guinea pig and human vagus, and this was inhibited by a transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 antagonist and the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, major constituents of DEPs, were implicated in this process through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and subsequent mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which is known to activate transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 on nociceptive C-fibers. Conclusions This study provides the first mechanistic insights into how exposure to urban air pollution leads to activation of guinea pig and human sensory nerves, which are responsible for respiratory symptoms. Mechanistic information will enable the development of appropriate therapeutic interventions and mitigation strategies for those susceptible subjects who are most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Robinson
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Birrell
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - John J Adcock
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Wortley
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric D Dubuis
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona M McGilvery
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Milo S P Shaffer
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara J Bonvini
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Maher
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian S Mudway
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa D Tetley
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, London, United Kingdom; Lung Cell Biology, Airways Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria G Belvisi
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
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10
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Chung KF, Seiffert J, Chen S, Theodorou IG, Goode AE, Leo BF, McGilvery CM, Hussain F, Wiegman C, Rossios C, Zhu J, Gong J, Tariq F, Yufit V, Monteith AJ, Hashimoto T, Skepper JN, Ryan MP, Zhang J, Tetley T, Porter AE. Inactivation, Clearance, and Functional Effects of Lung-Instilled Short and Long Silver Nanowires in Rats. ACS Nano 2017; 11:2652-2664. [PMID: 28221763 PMCID: PMC5371928 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
There is a potential for silver nanowires (AgNWs) to be inhaled, but there is little information on their health effects and their chemical transformation inside the lungs in vivo. We studied the effects of short (S-AgNWs; 1.5 μm) and long (L-AgNWs; 10 μm) nanowires instilled into the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats. S- and L-AgNWs were phagocytosed and degraded by macrophages; there was no frustrated phagocytosis. Interestingly, both AgNWs were internalized in alveolar epithelial cells, with precipitation of Ag2S on their surface as secondary Ag2S nanoparticles. Quantitative serial block face three-dimensional scanning electron microscopy showed a small, but significant, reduction of NW lengths inside alveolar epithelial cells. AgNWs were also present in the lung subpleural space where L-AgNWs exposure resulted in more Ag+ve macrophages situated within the pleura and subpleural alveoli, compared with the S-AgNWs exposure. For both AgNWs, there was lung inflammation at day 1, disappearing by day 21, but in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), L-AgNWs caused a delayed neutrophilic and macrophagic inflammation, while S-AgNWs caused only acute transient neutrophilia. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) levels in BALF increased after S- and L-AgNWs exposure at day 7. L-AgNWs induced MIP-1α and S-AgNWs induced IL-18 at day 1. Large airway bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine increased following L-AgNWs, but not S-AgNWs, exposure. The attenuated response to AgNW instillation may be due to silver inactivation after precipitation of Ag2S with limited dissolution. Our findings have important consequences for the safety of silver-based technologies to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Seiffert
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Shu Chen
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis G. Theodorou
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Erin Goode
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bey Fen Leo
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Nanotechnology
and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Catriona M. McGilvery
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Farhana Hussain
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Coen Wiegman
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Rossios
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zhu
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jicheng Gong
- Nicholas
School of Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Farid Tariq
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Yufit
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Monteith
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 OBP, United Kingdom
| | - Teruo Hashimoto
- The
School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Jeremy N. Skepper
- Cambridge
Advanced Imaging Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 3DY United Kingdom
| | - Mary P. Ryan
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Nicholas
School of Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Teresa
D. Tetley
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra E. Porter
- Airways Disease, National Heart
and Lung Institute, Department of Materials and London
Centre for Nanotechnology, and Department of Earth Science, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Kłosowski MM, McGilvery CM, Li Y, Abellan P, Ramasse Q, Cabral JT, Livingston AG, Porter AE. Micro-to nano-scale characterisation of polyamide structures of the SW30HR RO membrane using advanced electron microscopy and stain tracers. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nitiputri K, Ramasse QM, Autefage H, McGilvery CM, Boonrungsiman S, Evans ND, Stevens MM, Porter AE. Nanoanalytical Electron Microscopy Reveals a Sequential Mineralization Process Involving Carbonate-Containing Amorphous Precursors. ACS Nano 2016; 10:6826-35. [PMID: 27383526 PMCID: PMC5404715 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A direct observation and an in-depth characterization of the steps by which bone mineral nucleates and grows in the extracellular matrix during the earliest stages of maturation, using relevant biomineralization models as they grow into mature bone mineral, is an important research goal. To better understand the process of bone mineralization in the extracellular matrix, we used nanoanalytical electron microscopy techniques to examine an in vitro model of bone formation. This study demonstrates the presence of three dominant CaP structures in the mineralizing osteoblast cultures: <80 nm dense granules with a low calcium to phosphate ratio (Ca/P) and crystalline domains; calcium phosphate needles emanating from a focus: "needle-like globules" (100-300 nm in diameter) and mature mineral, both with statistically higher Ca/P compared to that of the dense granules. Many of the submicron granules and globules were interspersed around fibrillar structures containing nitrogen, which are most likely the signature of the organic phase. With high spatial resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping, spatially resolved maps were acquired showing the distribution of carbonate within each mineral structure. The carbonate was located in the middle of the granules, which suggested the nucleation of the younger mineral starts with a carbonate-containing precursor and that this precursor may act as seed for growth into larger, submicron-sized, needle-like globules of hydroxyapatite with a different stoichiometry. Application of analytical electron microscopy has important implications in deciphering both how normal bone forms and in understanding pathological mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kharissa Nitiputri
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | - Hélène Autefage
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | - Suwimon Boonrungsiman
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nicholas D. Evans
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
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Ivanov AP, Instuli E, McGilvery CM, Baldwin G, McComb DW, Albrecht T, Edel JB. DNA tunneling detector embedded in a nanopore. Nano Lett 2011; 11:279-85. [PMID: 21133389 PMCID: PMC3020087 DOI: 10.1021/nl103873a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication and characterization of a DNA nanopore detector with integrated tunneling electrodes. Functional tunneling devices were identified by tunneling spectroscopy in different solvents and then used in proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating, for the first time, concurrent tunneling detection and ionic current detection of DNA molecules in a nanopore platform. This is an important step toward ultrafast DNA sequencing by tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tim Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry
- To whom correspondence should be addressed, and
| | - Joshua B. Edel
- Department of Chemistry
- To whom correspondence should be addressed, and
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