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Meier K, de Vos CC, Bordeleau M, van der Tuin S, Billet B, Ruland T, Blichfeldt-Eckhardt MR, Winkelmüller M, Gulisano HA, Gatzinsky K, Knudsen AL, Hedemann Sørensen JC, Milidou I, Cottin SC. Examining the Duration of Carryover Effect in Patients With Chronic Pain Treated With Spinal Cord Stimulation (EChO Study): An Open, Interventional, Investigator-Initiated, International Multicenter Study. Neuromodulation 2024:S1094-7159(24)00036-9. [PMID: 38456888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a surgical treatment for severe, chronic, neuropathic pain. It is based on one to two lead(s) implanted in the epidural space, stimulating the dorsal column. It has long been assumed that when deactivating SCS, there is a variable interval before the patient perceives the return of the pain, a phenomenon often termed echo or carryover effect. Although the carryover effect has been problematized as a source of error in crossover studies, no experimental investigation of the effect has been published. This open, prospective, international multicenter study aimed to systematically document, quantify, and investigate the carryover effect in SCS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eligible patients with a beneficial effect from their SCS treatment were instructed to deactivate their SCS device in a home setting and to reactivate it when their pain returned. The primary outcome was duration of carryover time defined as the time interval from deactivation to reactivation. Central clinical parameters (age, sex, indication for SCS, SCS treatment details, pain score) were registered and correlated with carryover time using nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney/Kruskal-Wallis) for categorical data and linear regression for continuous data. RESULTS In total, 158 patients were included in the analyses. A median carryover time of five hours was found (interquartile range 2.5;21 hours). Back pain as primary indication for SCS, high-frequency stimulation, and higher pain score at the time of deactivation were correlated with longer carryover time. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the existence of the carryover effect and indicates a remarkably high degree of interindividual variation. The results suggest that the magnitude of carryover may be correlated to the nature of the pain condition and possibly stimulation paradigms. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The Clinicaltrials.gov registration number for the study is NCT03386058.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaare Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Bordeleau
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sharon van der Tuin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Billet
- Department of Anesthesiology, AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Kliment Gatzinsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anne Lene Knudsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Hedemann Sørensen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Experimental Neuroscience (CENSE), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ioanna Milidou
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Herning, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Lansbergen CS, de Vos CC, Brandt RB, Ferrari MD, Huygen FJPM, Fronczek R. Occipital nerve stimulation in medically intractable chronic cluster headache. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16212. [PMID: 38230580 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Casper S Lansbergen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roemer B Brandt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michel D Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J P M Huygen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf Fronczek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Jin H, Witjes B, Roy M, Baillet S, de Vos CC. Neurophysiological oscillatory markers of hypoalgesia in conditioned pain modulation. Pain Rep 2023; 8:e1096. [PMID: 37881810 PMCID: PMC10597579 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is an experimental procedure that consists of an ongoing noxious stimulus attenuating the pain perception caused by another noxious stimulus. A combination of the CPM paradigm with concurrent electrophysiological recordings can establish whether an association exists between experimentally modified pain perception and modulations of neural oscillations. Objectives We aimed to characterize how CPM modifies pain perception and underlying neural oscillations. We also interrogated whether these perceptual and/or neurophysiological effects are distinct in patients affected by chronic pain. Methods We presented noxious electrical stimuli to the right ankle before, during, and after CPM induced by an ice pack placed on the left forearm. Seventeen patients with chronic pain and 17 control participants rated the electrical pain in each experimental condition. We used magnetoencephalography to examine the anatomy-specific effects of CPM on the neural oscillatory responses to the electrical pain. Results Regardless of the participant groups, CPM induced a reduction in subjective pain ratings and neural responses (beta-band [15-35 Hz] oscillations in the sensorimotor cortex) to electrical pain. Conclusion Our findings of pain-induced beta-band activity may be associated with top-down modulations of pain, as reported in other perceptual modalities. Therefore, the reduced beta-band responses during CPM may indicate changes in top-down pain modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerang Jin
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bart Witjes
- Centre for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cecile C. de Vos
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Duarte RV, Nevitt S, Copley S, Maden M, de Vos CC, Taylor RS, Eldabe S. Response to Comment on Duarte et al. Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Neurostimulation for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2022;45:2466-2475. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:e113-e114. [PMID: 37185686 DOI: 10.2337/dci23-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui V Duarte
- 1Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
- 2Saluda Medical Pty. Ltd., Artarmon, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Nevitt
- 1Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Sue Copley
- 3Department of Pain Medicine, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, U.K
| | - Michelle Maden
- 1Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- 4Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- 5Centre for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rod S Taylor
- 6Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Sam Eldabe
- 3Department of Pain Medicine, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, U.K
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Mangnus TJP, Dirckx M, Bharwani KD, Baart SJ, Siepman TAM, Redekop K, Dik WA, de Vos CC, Huygen FJPM. Intermittent versus continuous esketamine infusions for long-term pain modulation in complex regional pain syndrome: protocol of a randomized controlled non-inferiority study (KetCRPS-2). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:239. [PMID: 36991381 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition of an extremity. While achieving pain relief in CRPS is challenging, esketamine infusions can accomplish pain relief for several weeks post-infusion in a subgroup of CRPS patients. Unfortunately, CRPS esketamine protocols are very heterogeneous in advice on dosage, administration and treatment setting. Currently, no trials are available that study differences between intermittent and continuous esketamine infusions for CRPS. With the current situation of bed shortages, it is difficult to admit patients for several consecutive days for inpatient esketamine treatments. In this study, we investigate whether 6 intermittent outpatient esketamine treatments are not inferior to a continuous 6-day inpatient esketamine treatment in establishing pain relief. In addition, several secondary study parameters will be assessed in order to investigate mechanisms responsible for pain relief by esketamine infusions. Furthermore, the cost-effectiveness will be analyzed. METHODS In this RCT, the primary objective is to demonstrate that an intermittent esketamine dosing regimen is non-inferior to a continuous esketamine dosing regimen at 3 months follow-up. We will include 60 adult CRPS patients. The inpatient treatment group receives a continuous intravenous esketamine infusion for 6 consecutive days. The outpatient treatment group receives a 6-hour intravenous esketamine infusion every 2 weeks for 3 months. Esketamine dose will be individually tailored and is started at 0.05 mg/kg/h and can be increased to a maximum of 0.2 mg/kg/h. Each patient will be followed for 6 months. The primary study parameter is perceived pain intensity, measured by an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale. Secondary study parameters are conditioned pain modulation, quantitative sensory testing, adverse events, thermography, blood inflammatory parameter, questionnaires about functionality, quality of life and mood and costs per patient. DISCUSSION If our study reveals non-inferiority between intermittent and continuous esketamine infusions, these findings can be beneficial to increase the availability and flexibility of esketamine infusions through outpatient treatments. Furthermore, the costs of outpatient esketamine infusions could be lower than inpatient esketamine infusions. In addition, secondary parameters may predict response to esketamine treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05212571 , date of registration 01-28-2022. PROTOCOL VERSION Version 3, February 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J P Mangnus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maaike Dirckx
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Krishna D Bharwani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara J Baart
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theodora A M Siepman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ken Redekop
- Institute of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J P M Huygen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Witjes B, Baillet S, Roy M, Oostenveld R, Huygen FJPM, de Vos CC. Heterogeneous Cortical Effects of Spinal Cord Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2023:S1094-7159(22)01405-2. [PMID: 36631377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The understanding of the cortical effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) remains limited. Multiple studies have investigated the effects of SCS in resting-state electroencephalography. However, owing to the large variation in reported outcomes, we aimed to describe the differential cortical responses between two types of SCS and between responders and nonresponders using magnetoencephalography (MEG). MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted 5-minute resting-state MEG recordings in 25 patients with chronic pain with active SCS in three sessions, each after a one-week exposure to tonic, burst, or sham SCS. We extracted six spectral features from the measured neurophysiological signals: the alpha peak frequency; alpha power ratio (power 7-9 Hz/power 9-11 Hz); and average power in the theta (4-7.5 Hz), alpha (8-12.5 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and low-gamma (30.5-60 Hz) frequency bands. We compared these features (using nonparametric permutation t-tests) for MEG sensor and cortical map effects across stimulation paradigms, between participants who reported low (< 5, responders) vs high (≥ 5, nonresponders) pain scores, and in three representative participants. RESULTS We found statistically significant (p < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected) increased MEG sensor signal power below 3 Hz in response to burst SCS compared with tonic and sham SCS. We did not find statistically significant differences (all p > 0.05) between the power spectra of responders and nonresponders. Our data did not show statistically significant differences in the spectral features of interest among the three stimulation paradigms or between responders and nonresponders. These results were confirmed by the MEG cortical maps. However, we did identify certain trends in the MEG source maps for all comparisons and several features, with substantial variation across participants. CONCLUSIONS The considerable variation in cortical responses to the various SCS treatment options necessitates studies with sample sizes larger than commonly reported in the field and more personalized treatment plans. Studies with a finer stratification between responders and nonresponders are required to advance the knowledge on SCS treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Witjes
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert Oostenveld
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; NatMEG, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank J P M Huygen
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Kriek N, de Vos CC, Groeneweg JG, Baart SJ, Huygen FJPM. Allodynia, Hyperalgesia, (Quantitative) Sensory Testing and Conditioned Pain Modulation in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Before and After Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy. Neuromodulation 2023; 26:78-86. [PMID: 36050204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic debilitating disease characterized by sensory abnormalities. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective therapy for CRPS, but few studies have investigated the effects of SCS therapy on sensory characteristics. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of SCS on allodynia, hyperalgesia, electrical quantitative sensory testing (QST) parameters, and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study is part of a multicenter randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN 36655259). Patients with CRPS in one extremity and eligible for SCS were included. The outcome parameters allodynia (symptom and sign), hyperalgesia (symptom), sensory thresholds with QST, CPM effect, and pain scores were tested before and after three months of SCS (40-Hz tonic SCS). Both the CRPS-affected extremity and the contralateral, clinically unaffected extremity were used to test three sensory thresholds with electrical QST: current perception threshold (CPT), pain perception threshold (PPT), and pain tolerance threshold (PTT). The PTT also was used as a test stimulus for the CPM paradigm both before and after the conditioning ice-water test. Nonparametric testing was used for all statistical analyses. RESULTS In total, 31 patients were included for analysis. Pain, allodynia (sign and symptom), and hyperalgesia (symptom) were all significantly reduced after SCS therapy. On the unaffected side, none of the QST thresholds (CPT, PPT, and PTT) was significantly altered after SCS therapy. However, the CPT on the CRPS-affected side was significantly increased after SCS therapy. A CPM effect was present both before and after SCS. CONCLUSIONS Standard 40-Hz tonic SCS significantly reduces pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia in patients with CRPS. These findings suggest that SCS therapy should not be withheld from patients who suffer from allodynia and hyperalgesia, which contradicts previous findings derived from retrospective analysis and animal research. ISRCTN Registry: The ISRCTN registration number for the study is ISRCTN 36655259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kriek
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes G Groeneweg
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara J Baart
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J P M Huygen
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Duarte RV, Nevitt S, Copley S, Maden M, de Vos CC, Taylor RS, Eldabe S. Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Neurostimulation for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2466-2475. [PMID: 36150057 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different waveforms of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) have now been evaluated for the management of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). However, no direct or indirect comparison between SCS waveforms has been performed to date. PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of SCS for PDN. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, and WikiStim were searched from inception until December 2021. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of SCS for PDN were included. DATA EXTRACTION Pain intensity, proportion of patients achieving at least a 50% reduction in pain intensity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS Significant reductions in pain intensity were observed for low-frequency SCS (LF-SCS) (mean difference [MD] -3.13 [95% CI -4.19 to -2.08], moderate certainty) and high-frequency SCS (HF-SCS) (MD -5.20 [95% CI -5.77 to -4.63], moderate certainty) compared with conventional medical management (CMM) alone. There was a significantly greater reduction in pain intensity on HF-SCS compared with LF-SCS (MD -2.07 [95% CI -3.26 to -0.87], moderate certainty). Significant differences were observed for LF-SCS and HF-SCS compared with CMM for the outcomes proportion of patients with at least 50% pain reduction and HRQoL (very low to moderate certainty). No significant differences were observed between LF-SCS and HF-SCS (very low to moderate certainty). LIMITATIONS Limited number of RCTs and no head-to-head RCTs conducted. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the pain relief and HRQoL benefits of the addition of SCS to CMM for patients with PDN. However, in the absence of head-to-head RCT evidence, the relative benefits of HF-SCS compared with LF-SCS for patients with PDN remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui V Duarte
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Sarah Nevitt
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Sue Copley
- Department of Pain Medicine, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, U.K
| | - Michelle Maden
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Centre for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rod S Taylor
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit and Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - Sam Eldabe
- Department of Pain Medicine, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, U.K
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Duarte RV, Nevitt S, Maden M, Meier K, Taylor RS, Eldabe S, de Vos CC. Spinal cord stimulation for the management of painful diabetic neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient and aggregate data. Pain 2021; 162:2635-2643. [PMID: 33872236 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been suggested as a treatment option for patients with painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). We conducted a systematic review and undertook a meta-analysis on individual patient data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effectiveness of SCS for the management of PDN. Electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2020 for RCTs of SCS for PDN. Searches identified 2 eligible RCTs (total of 93 patients with PDN) and 2 long-term follow-up studies of one of the RCTs. Individual patient data were obtained from the authors of one of these RCTs. Meta-analysis showed significant and clinically meaningful reductions in pain intensity for SCS compared with best medical therapy alone, pooled mean difference (MD) -3.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.19 to -2.08) on a 10-point scale at the 6-month follow-up. More patients receiving SCS achieved at least a 50% reduction in pain intensity compared with best medical therapy, pooled risk ratio 0.08 (95% CI: 0.02-0.38). Increases were observed for health-related quality of life assessed as EQ-5D utility score (pooled MD 0.16, 95% CI: 0.02-0.30) and visual analogue scale (pooled MD 11.21, 95% CI: 2.26-20.16). Our findings demonstrate that SCS is an effective therapeutic adjunct to best medical therapy in reducing pain intensity and improving health-related quality of life in patients with PDN. Large well-reported RCTs with long-term follow-up are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui V Duarte
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Nevitt
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Maden
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kaare Meier
- Departments of Neurosurgery and
- Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rod S Taylor
- Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Eldabe
- Department of Pain Medicine, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Centre for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Badwy M, Baart SJ, Thio HB, Huygen FJPM, de Vos CC. Electrical neurostimulation for the treatment of chronic pruritus: A systematic review. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:280-289. [PMID: 34637585 PMCID: PMC9299998 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one fifth of the world population experiences continuous itch for 6 weeks or more during their life, that is chronic itch. It is diverse in its aetiologies, and it is notoriously hard to treat. Because itch and pain have largely overlapping pathophysiology and the demonstrated efficacy of neurostimulation in treatment of selected chronic pain conditions, we conducted a systematic review to investigate whether neurostimulation could be an effective treatment for chronic itch. We identified two randomized controlled trials and 17 open label studies or case reports investigating various neurostimulation modalities for the treatment of refractory itch of various aetiologies. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was the most investigated modality (n = 17), and in the largest number of conditions. Other modalities were cutaneous field stimulation (n = 2), painscrambler (n = 1), transcranial direct current stimulation (n = 1) and peripheral nerve field stimulation (n = 1). Atopic dermatitis was the most studied condition (n = 5). Despite the large heterogeneity in used stimulation paradigms and outcome parameters, all studies reported a positive effect of at least one neurostimulation modality. Our review indicates that electrical neurostimulation could be considered for the treatment of refractory chronic itch of selected aetiologies, such as atopic dermatitis or burn pruritus. However, better understanding of the mechanisms of action of the neurostimulation modalities and regimens in various pruritic conditions is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa Badwy
- Center for pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara J Baart
- Center for pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hok B Thio
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J P M Huygen
- Center for pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Center for pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Niso G, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, Lenders MWPM, de Vos CC. Modulation of the Somatosensory Evoked Potential by Attention and Spinal Cord Stimulation. Front Neurol 2021; 12:694310. [PMID: 34413825 PMCID: PMC8369157 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.694310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) is a last-resort treatment for patients with intractable chronic pain in whom pharmacological and other treatments have failed. Conventional tonic SCS is accompanied by tingling sensations. More recent stimulation protocols like burst SCS are not sensed by the patient while providing similar levels of pain relief. It has been previously reported that conventional tonic SCS can attenuate sensory-discriminative processing in several brain areas, but that burst SCS might have additional effects on the medial, motivational-affective pain system. In this explorative study we assessed the influence of attention on the somatosensory evoked brain responses under conventional tonic SCS as well as burst SCS regime. Methods: Twelve chronic pain patients with an implanted SCS device had 2-weeks evaluation periods with three different SCS settings (conventional tonic SCS, burst SCS, and sham SCS). At the end of each period, an electro-encephalography (EEG) measurement was done, at which patients received transcutaneous electrical pulses at the tibial nerve to induce somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP). SEP data was acquired while patients were attending the applied pulses and while they were mind wandering. The effects of attention as well as SCS regimes on the SEP were analyzed by comparing amplitudes of early and late latencies at the vertex as well as brain activity at full cortical maps. Results: Pain relief obtained by the various SCS settings varied largely among patients. Early SEP responses were not significantly affected by attention nor SCS settings (i.e., burst, tonic, and sham). However, late SEP responses (P300) were reduced with tonic and burst SCS: conventional tonic SCS reduced P300 brain activity in the unattended condition, while burst SCS reduced P300 brain activity in both attended and unattended conditions. Conclusion: Burst spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain seems to reduce cortical attention that is or can be directed to somatosensory stimuli to a larger extent than conventional spinal cord stimulation treatment. This is a first step in understanding why in selected chronic pain patients burst SCS is more effective than tonic SCS and how neuroimaging could assist in personalizing SCS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiomar Niso
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.,ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and Center for Biomedical Research Network CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marleen C Tjepkema-Cloostermans
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute for Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Mathieu W P M Lenders
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.,Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Mangnus TJP, Dirckx M, Bharwani KD, de Vos CC, Frankema SPG, Stronks DL, Huygen FJPM. Effect of intravenous low-dose S-ketamine on pain in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A retrospective cohort study. Pain Pract 2021; 21:890-897. [PMID: 34233070 PMCID: PMC9291497 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a low‐dose intravenous S‐ketamine treatment on refractory pain in patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Methods In this retrospective study, patients with CRPS who received intravenous S‐ketamine from March 2010 to April 2019 were included. According to our inpatient protocol, S‐ketamine dose was increased until pain reduction was achieved or side effects were observed. Maximum dose was 14 mg/h and treatment duration was 7 days. Primary outcome parameters were pain scores (Numeric Rating Scale) at baseline (T0), end of infusion (T1), and approximately 4 weeks postinfusion (T2). Patients were categorized as responder/nonresponder at T1 and T2. Patients were considered a responder in case there was pain score reduction of greater than or equal to 2 points or if treatment was reported as successful. Results Forty‐eight patients were included. Mean disease duration was 5 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 6 years). Median pain score significantly decreased from 8 (IQR = 2) at T0 to 6 (IQR = 4) at T1 (p < 0.001). At T1, 62% of the patients were responders. At T2, 48% of the patients remained a responder. A significant proportion of the responders at T1 turned into nonresponders at T2 (p = 0.03). Conclusion In a group of patients with CRPS with refractory pain, low‐dose intravenous S‐ketamine treatment resulted in effective pain relief during infusion. Although a significant proportion of initial responders became nonresponders at follow‐up, half of the patients were still a responder at ~ 4 weeks postinfusion. Further research is needed to investigate mechanisms responsible for pain relief by S‐ketamine infusions and to ascertain possible predictors of response to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J P Mangnus
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Dirckx
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krishna D Bharwani
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander P G Frankema
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk L Stronks
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J P M Huygen
- Center for Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Witjes B, Baillet S, Roy M, Oostenveld R, J.P.M. Huygen F, C. de Vos C. Magnetoencephalography reveals increased slow-to-fast alpha power ratios in patients with chronic pain. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e928. [PMID: 34104837 PMCID: PMC8177875 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Objective disease markers are a key for diagnosis and personalized interventions. In chronic pain, such markers are still not available, and therapy relies on individual patients' reports. However, several pain studies have reported group-based differences in functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, and magnetoencephalography (MEG). OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore spectral differences in resting-state MEG brain signals between patients with chronic pain and pain-free controls and to characterize the cortical and subcortical regions involved. METHODS We estimated power spectral density over 5 minutes of resting-state MEG recordings in patients with chronic pain and controls and derived 7 spectral features at the sensor and source levels: alpha peak frequency, alpha power ratio (power 7-9 Hz divided by power 9-11 Hz), and average power in theta, alpha, beta, low-gamma, and high-gamma bands. We performed nonparametric permutation t tests (false discovery rate corrected) to assess between-group differences in these 7 spectral features. RESULTS Twenty-one patients with chronic pain and 25 controls were included. No significant group differences were found in alpha peak frequency or average power in any frequency band. The alpha power ratio was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients with chronic pain at both the sensor and brain source levels. The brain regions showing significantly higher ratios included the occipital, parietal, temporal and frontal lobe areas, insular and cingulate cortex, and right thalamus. CONCLUSION The alpha power ratio is a simple, promising signal marker of chronic pain, affecting an expansive range of cortical and subcortical regions, including known pain-processing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Witjes
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert Oostenveld
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- NatMEG, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank J.P.M. Huygen
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cecile C. de Vos
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- McConnell Brain imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Lenders MWPM, Kho KH, de Vos CC, Elands A. Dr. Jan Holsheimer 1941-2021. Neuromodulation 2021; 24:609. [PMID: 34160874 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuan H Kho
- Neurocenter, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, CA, the Netherlands
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15
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Soloukey S, Drenthen J, Osterthun R, de Vos CC, De Zeeuw CI, Huygen FJPM, Harhangi BS. How to Identify Responders and Nonresponders to Dorsal Root Ganglion-Stimulation Aimed at Eliciting Motor Responses in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Post Hoc Clinical and Neurophysiological Tests in a Case Series of Five Patients. Neuromodulation 2021; 24:719-728. [PMID: 33749941 PMCID: PMC8359838 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective While integrity of spinal pathways below injury is generally thought to be an important factor in the success‐rate of neuromodulation strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI), it is still unclear how the integrity of these pathways conveying the effects of stimulation should be assessed. In one of our institutional case series of five patients receiving dorsal root ganglion (DRG)‐stimulation for elicitation of immediate motor response in motor complete SCI, only two out of five patients presented as responders, showing immediate muscle activation upon DRG‐stimulation. The current study focuses on post hoc clinical‐neurophysiological tests performed within this patient series to illustrate their use for prediction of spinal pathway integrity, and presumably, responder‐status. Materials and Methods In a series of three nonresponders and two responders (all male, American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] impairment scale [AIS] A/B), a test‐battery consisting of questionnaires, clinical measurements, as well as a series of neurophysiological measurements was performed less than eight months after participation in the initial study. Results Nonresponders presented with a complete absence of spasticity and absence of leg reflexes. Additionally, nonresponders presented with close to no compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) or Hofmann(H)‐reflexes. In contrast, both responders presented with clear spasticity, elicitable leg reflexes, CMAPs, H‐reflexes, and sensory nerve action potentials, although not always consistent for all tested muscles. Conclusions Post hoc neurophysiological measurements were limited in clearly separating responders from nonresponders. Clinically, complete absence of spasticity‐related complaints in the nonresponders was a distinguishing factor between responders and nonresponders in this case series, which mimics prior reports of epidural electrical stimulation, potentially illustrating similarities in mechanisms of action between the two techniques. However, the problem remains that explicit use and report of preinclusion clinical‐neurophysiological measurements is missing in SCI literature. Identifying proper ways to assess these criteria might therefore be unnecessarily difficult, especially for nonestablished neuromodulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Soloukey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Drenthen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Osterthun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Spinal Cord Injury Department, Rijndam Rehabilitation Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy for Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J P M Huygen
- Center for Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The aim of this proof of concept study is to investigate if an electronic nose (eNose) is able to make a distinction between breath profiles of diagnosed epilepsy patients and epilepsy-free control subjects. An eNose is a non-invasive device, with a working mechanism that is based on the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. These VOCs interact with the sensors of the eNose, and the eNose has to be trained to distinguish between breath patterns from patients with a specific disease and control subjects without that disease. During the measurement participants were asked to breathe through the eNose for five minutes via a disposable mouthpiece. Seventy-four epilepsy patients and 110 control subjects were measured to train the eNose and create a classification model. To assess the effects of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) usage on the classification, additional test groups were measured: seven patients who (temporarily) did not use AEDs and 11 patients without epilepsy who used AEDs. The results show that an eNose is able to make a distinction between epilepsy and control subjects with a sensitivity of 76%, a specificity of 67%, and an accuracy of 71%. The results of the two additional groups of subjects show that the created model classifies one out of seven epilepsy patients without AEDs and six out of 13 patients without epilepsy but with AEDs correctly. In this proof of concept study, the AeonoseTM is able to differentiate between epilepsy patients and control subjects. However, the number of false positives and false negatives is still high, which suggests that this first model is still mainly based on the usage of various AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwke van Dartel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands. Biomedical Signals and Systems group, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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17
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Hilderink J, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, Geertsema A, Glastra-Zwiers J, de Vos CC. Predicting success of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) from EEG symmetry. Seizure 2017; 48:69-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, de Vos CC, Wolters R, Dijkstra-Scholten C, Lenders MW. Effect of Burst Stimulation Evaluated in Patients Familiar With Spinal Cord Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2016; 19:492-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen C. Tjepkema-Cloostermans
- Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
- Clinical Neurophysiology and Neurology; Medisch Spectrum Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Cecile C. de Vos
- Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
- Clinical Neurophysiology and Neurology; Medisch Spectrum Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
- Clinical Neurophysiology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, University of Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Rian Wolters
- Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
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19
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Mulders DM, de Vos CC, Vosman I, van Putten MJ. The effect of vagus nerve stimulation on cardiorespiratory parameters during rest and exercise. Seizure 2015; 33:24-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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20
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de Vos CC, Bom MJ, Vanneste S, Lenders MW, de Ridder D. Burst Spinal Cord Stimulation Evaluated in Patients With Failed Back Surgery Syndrome and Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Neuromodulation 2013; 17:152-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecile C. de Vos
- Department of Neurosurgery; Medisch Spectrum Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; University of Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
- The Neurobionics Foundation; Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Marjanne J. Bom
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; University of Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Sven Vanneste
- Brai2n & TRI; University Hospital Antwerp; Edegem Antwerpen Belgium
- Department of Translational Neuroscience; Faculty of Medicine; University of Antwerp; Edegem Antwerpen Belgium
| | - Mathieu W.P.M. Lenders
- Department of Neurosurgery; Medisch Spectrum Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
- The Neurobionics Foundation; Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Dirk de Ridder
- Brai2n & TRI; University Hospital Antwerp; Edegem Antwerpen Belgium
- Department of Translational Neuroscience; Faculty of Medicine; University of Antwerp; Edegem Antwerpen Belgium
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Dunedin School of Medicine; University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
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21
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ter Braack EM, de Vos CC, van Putten MJAM. Masking the Auditory Evoked Potential in TMS-EEG: A Comparison of Various Methods. Brain Topogr 2013; 28:520-8. [PMID: 23996091 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-013-0312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (EEG). Because TMS pulses are accompanied by a clicking sound, it is very likely that part of the response in the EEG consists of an auditory evoked potential (AEP). Different methods have been applied to mask the sound of TMS. However, it is unclear which masking method is most effective in reducing the AEP. In this study we explore the presumed contribution of the AEP to the response and evaluate different ways to mask the TMS clicking sound. Twelve healthy subjects and one completely deaf subject participated in this study. Eight different masking conditions were evaluated in nine hearing subjects. The amplitude of the N100-P180 complex was compared between the different masking conditions. We were not able to completely suppress the N100-P180 when the coil was placed on top of the head. Using an earmuff or exposing the subjects to white or adapted noise caused a small but significant reduction in N100-P180 amplitude, but the largest reduction was achieved when combining a layer of foam, placed between coil and head, with white or adapted noise. The deaf subject also showed a N100-P180 complex. We conclude that both the TMS clicking sound and cortical activation by the magnetic pulse contribute to the N100-P180 amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M ter Braack
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, MIRA-Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Carré CR 3.714, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands,
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de Vos CC, Dijkstra C, Lenders MW, Holsheimer J. Spinal Cord Stimulation With Hybrid Lead Relieves Pain in Low Back and Legs. Neuromodulation 2011; 15:118-23; discussion 123. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2011.00404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cloostermans MC, de Vos CC, van Putten MJAM. A novel approach for computer assisted EEG monitoring in the adult ICU. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:2100-9. [PMID: 21474372 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The implementation of a computer assisted system for real-time classification of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in critically ill patients. METHODS Eight quantitative features were extracted from the raw EEG and combined into a single classifier. The system was trained with 41 EEG recordings and subsequently evaluated using an additional 20 recordings. Through visual analysis, each recording was assigned to one of the following categories: normal, iso-electric, low voltage, burst suppression, slowing, and EEGs with generalized periodic discharges or seizure activity. RESULTS 36 (88%) recordings from the training set and 17 (85%) recordings from the test set were classified correctly. A user interface was developed to present both trend-curves and a diagnostic output in text form. Implementation in a dedicated EEG monitor allowed real-time analysis in the intensive care unit (ICU) during pilot measurements in four patients. CONCLUSIONS We present the first results from a computer assisted EEG interpretation system, based on a combination of eight quantitative features. Our system provided an initial, reasonably accurate interpretation by non-experts of the most common EEG patterns observed in neurological patients in the adult ICU. SIGNIFICANCE Computer assisted EEG monitoring may improve early detection of seizure activity and ischemia in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen C Cloostermans
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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de Vos CC, Hilgerink MP, Buschman HPJ, Holsheimer J. Electrode contact configuration and energy consumption in spinal cord stimulation. Neurosurgery 2009; 65:210-6; discussion 216-7. [PMID: 19934997 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000342407.62397.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that in spinal cord stimulation, an increase in the number of cathodes increases the energy per pulse, contrary to an increase in the number of anodes, which decreases energy consumption per pulse. METHODS Patients with an Itrel III (7425; Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) implantable pulse generator and a Pisces-Quad (3487A; Medtronic, Inc.) implantable quadripolar lead were selected for this study. A set of 7 standard contact configurations was used for each patient. Resistor network models mimicking these configurations were constructed. The University of Twente's Spinal Cord Stimulation software was used to simulate the effect of these contact configurations on large spinal nerve fibers. To allow a comparison of the measured and modeled energy per pulse, all values were normalized. RESULTS Both the empirical and the modeling results showed an increase in energy consumption with an increasing number of cathodes. Although the patient data with 1 and 2 cathodes did not differ significantly, energy consumption was significantly higher when 3 cathodes were used instead of 1 or 2 cathodes. The average energy consumption was significantly higher when bipolar stimulation was used instead of monopolar cathodal stimulation. An increasing number of anodes caused a decrease in energy consumption. CONCLUSION When the paresthesia area can be covered with several configurations, it will be beneficial for the patient to program a configuration with 1 cathode and either no or multiple anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile C de Vos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, Enschede, The Netherlands. c.devos@ ziekenhuis- mst.nl
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de Vos CC, Rajan V, Steenbergen W, van der Aa HE, Buschman HPJ. Effect and safety of spinal cord stimulation for treatment of chronic pain caused by diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2009; 23:40-5. [PMID: 18413161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been shown effective as a therapy for different chronic painful conditions, but the effectiveness of this treatment for pain as a result of peripheral diabetic neuropathy is not well established. The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect and safety of SCS for treatment of pain and the effects on microcirculatory blood flow in the affected areas in patients with refractory peripheral diabetic neuropathy. METHOD The study was designed as a prospective, open-label study. Data were collected during screening, at implant and at regular intervals, after initiation of therapy. Eleven diabetic patients with chronic pain in their lower limbs and no response to conventional treatment were studied. The SCS electrode was implanted in the thoracic epidural space. Neuropathic pain relief was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and microcirculatory skin perfusion was measured with Laser Doppler flowmetry. RESULTS Nine subjects had significant pain relief with the percutaneous electrical stimulator. Average pain score for all nine patients was 77 at baseline and 34 at 6 months after implantation. At the end of the study, eight of nine patients continued to experience significant pain relief and have been able to significantly reduce their pain medication. For six of them, the stimulator was the sole treatment for their neuropathic pain. No significant changes in microcirculatory perfusion were recorded. CONCLUSION Spinal cord stimulation offers an effective and safe therapy for chronic diabetic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile C de Vos
- Twente Institute for Neuromodulation, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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