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López M, Mira A, Mauricia D, Acevedo P, Lopez R, Molina P, Gutiérrez L, de Billerbeck E, Breinbauer C. Are children under five with disabilities' educational rights acknowledged and supported in Chile? Front Public Health 2024; 12:1304152. [PMID: 38560435 PMCID: PMC10979822 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1304152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio López
- Millennium Nucleus Studies on Disability and Citizenship (DISCA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Mira
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Mauricia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Development, Center for Healthy Development, Round Hill, VA, United States
| | - Paulina Acevedo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Development, Center for Healthy Development, Round Hill, VA, United States
| | - Ruth Lopez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Development, Center for Healthy Development, Round Hill, VA, United States
| | | | | | - Eloisa de Billerbeck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Development, Center for Healthy Development, Round Hill, VA, United States
| | - Cecilia Breinbauer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Development, Center for Healthy Development, Round Hill, VA, United States
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Olusanya BO, Cheung VG, Hadders-Algra M, Breinbauer C, Smythe T, Moreno-Angarita M, Brinkman S, Almasri N, Figueiredo M, de Camargo OK, Nnanna IC, Block SS, Storbeck C, Olusanya JO, Berman BD, Wertlieb D, Williams AN, Nair MKC, Davis AC, Wright SM. Sustainable Development Goals summit 2023 and the global pledge on disability-focused early childhood development. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e823-e825. [PMID: 37202016 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian G Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mijna Hadders-Algra
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology, and Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Breinbauer
- Director of Child and Adolescent Health Programs Center for Healthy Development, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tracey Smythe
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Sally Brinkman
- Fraser Mustard Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nihad Almasri
- Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Jordan Queen Rania Al Abdallah St, Amman, Jordan
| | - Marta Figueiredo
- European Network of Occupational Therapy in Higher Education: Escola Superior de Saúde do Alcoitão, Alcabideche, Portugal
| | | | - Ike Chinonye Nnanna
- Child and Adolescent Mind Institute Africa, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Sandra S Block
- National Center for Children's Vision and Eye Health, Chicago, IL, USA; School-based Vision Clinics Illinois Eye Institute at Princeton School, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Claudine Storbeck
- Centre for Deaf Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jacob O Olusanya
- Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Ikoyi Lagos, 101223, Nigeria
| | - Brad D Berman
- University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospitals, Progressions, Developmental, and Behavioral Pediatrics, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Donald Wertlieb
- Partnership for Early Childhood Development & Disability Rights, Department of Child Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Andrew N Williams
- Virtual Academic Unit, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, UK
| | - M K C Nair
- NIMS-SPECTRUM-Child Development Research Centre, NIMS Medicity, Neyyattinkara, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Adrian C Davis
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Department of Population Health Science, London School of Economics, London, UK
| | - Scott M Wright
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Breinbauer C, Vidal V, Molina P, Trabucco C, Gutierrez L, Cordero M. Early Childhood Development policy in Chile: Progress and pitfalls supporting children with developmental disabilities toward school readiness. Front Public Health 2022; 10:983513. [PMID: 36311641 PMCID: PMC9597457 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.983513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Breinbauer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Development, Center for Healthy Development, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Verónica Vidal
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Studies and School of Speech and Language Pathology, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Cordero
- Centre for Research in Food Environments and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases Associated With Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Olusanya BO, Boo NY, Nair M, Samms-Vaughan ME, Hadders-Algra M, Wright SM, Breinbauer C, Almasri N, Moreno-Angarita M, Arabloo J, Arora NK, Block SS, Berman BD, Burchell G, de Camargo OK, Carr G, del Castillo-Hegyi C, Cheung VG, Halpern R, Hoekstra R, Lynch P, Mulaudzi MC, Kakooza-Mwesige A, Ogbo FA, Olusanya JO, Rojas-Osorio V, Shaheen A, Williams AN, Servili C, Gladstone M, Kuper H, Wertlieb D, Davis AC, Newton CR. Accelerating progress on early childhood development for children under 5 years with disabilities by 2030. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e438-e444. [PMID: 35038406 PMCID: PMC7613579 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The likelihood of a newborn child dying before their fifth birthday (under-5 mortality rate) is universally acknowledged as a reflection of the social, economic, health, and environmental conditions in which children (and the rest of society) live, but little is known about the likelihood of a newborn child having a lifelong disability before their fifth birthday if he or she survives. Available data show that globally the likelihood of a child having a disability before their fifth birthday was ten times higher than the likelihood of dying (377·2 vs 38·2 per 1000 livebirths) in 2019. However, disability funding declined by 11·4% between 2007 and 2016, and only 2% of the estimated US$79·1 billion invested in early childhood development during this period was spent on disabilities. This funding pattern has not improved since 2016. This paper highlights the urgent need to prioritise early childhood development for the beneficiaries of global child survival initiatives who have lifelong disabilities, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, as envisioned by the Sustainable Development Goals agenda. This endeavour would entail disability-focused programming and monitoring approaches, economic analysis of interventions services, and substantial funding to redress the present inequalities among this cohort of children by 2030.
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Olusanya BO, Hadders-Algra M, Breinbauer C, Williams AN, Newton CRJ, Davis AC. Setting the record straight on measuring SDG 4.2.1 - Authors' reply. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9:e912. [PMID: 34143991 PMCID: PMC7613532 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mijna Hadders-Algra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Division of Developmental Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew N Williams
- Virtual Academic Unit, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, UK
| | - Charles R J Newton
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Adrian C Davis
- Population Health Science, London School of Economics, London, UK
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Olusanya BO, Hadders-Algra M, Breinbauer C, Williams AN, Newton CRJ, Davis AC. The conundrum of a global tool for early childhood development to monitor SDG indicator 4.2.1. The Lancet Global Health 2021; 9:e586-e587. [PMID: 33640036 PMCID: PMC7613544 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Olusanya BO, Wright SM, Nair M, Boo NY, Halpern R, Kuper H, Abubakar AA, Almasri NA, Arabloo J, Arora NK, Backhaus S, Berman BD, Breinbauer C, Carr G, de Vries PJ, del Castillo-Hegyi C, Eftekhari A, Gladstone MJ, Hoekstra RA, Kancherla V, Mulaudzi MC, Kakooza-Mwesige A, Ogbo FA, Olsen HE, Olusanya JO, Pandey A, Samms-Vaughan ME, Servili C, Shaheen A, Smythe T, Wertlieb D, Williams AN, Newton CR, Davis AC, Kassebaum NJ. Global Burden of Childhood Epilepsy, Intellectual Disability, and Sensory Impairments. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2019-2623. [PMID: 32554521 PMCID: PMC7613313 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of children and adolescents with disabilities worldwide are needed to inform global intervention under the disability-inclusive provisions of the Sustainable Development Goals. We sought to update the most widely reported estimate of 93 million children <15 years with disabilities from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2004. METHODS We analyzed Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 data on the prevalence of childhood epilepsy, intellectual disability, and vision or hearing loss and on years lived with disability (YLD) derived from systematic reviews, health surveys, hospital and claims databases, cohort studies, and disease-specific registries. Point estimates of the prevalence and YLD and the 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) around the estimates were assessed. RESULTS Globally, 291.2 million (11.2%) of the 2.6 billion children and adolescents (95% UI: 249.9-335.4 million) were estimated to have 1 of the 4 specified disabilities in 2017. The prevalence of these disabilities increased with age from 6.1% among children aged <1 year to 13.9% among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. A total of 275.2 million (94.5%) lived in low- and middle-income countries, predominantly in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The top 10 countries accounted for 62.3% of all children and adolescents with disabilities. These disabilities accounted for 28.9 million YLD or 19.9% of the overall 145.3 million (95% UI: 106.9-189.7) YLD from all causes among children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The number of children and adolescents with these 4 disabilities is far higher than the 2004 estimate, increases from infancy to adolescence, and accounts for a substantial proportion of all-cause YLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M. Wright
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M.K.C. Nair
- NIMS Spectrum Child Development Research Centre, NIMS Medicity, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Nem-Yun Boo
- Department of Population Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ricardo Halpern
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence, University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegrel, Brazil
| | - Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amina A. Abubakar
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, KiIifi, Kenya
| | - Nihad A. Almasri
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jalal Arabloo
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sophia Backhaus
- Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Brad D. Berman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children’s Hospital, San Francisco, California,Progressions: Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Gwen Carr
- Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petrus J. de Vries
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christie del Castillo-Hegyi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, CHI St. Vincent, Little Rock, Arkansas,Fed Is Best Foundation, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Aziz Eftekhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Melissa J. Gladstone
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa A. Hoekstra
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vijaya Kancherla
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mphelekedzeni C. Mulaudzi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Angelina Kakooza-Mwesige
- department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Felix A. Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Maureen E. Samms-Vaughan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Chiara Servili
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amira Shaheen
- Division of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Tracey Smythe
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Wertlieb
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Development, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew N. Williams
- Virtual Academic Unit, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R.J. Newton
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research (Coast), Kenya Medical Research Institute, KiIifi, Kenya
| | - Adrian C. Davis
- Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Kassebaum
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Burns PA, Zunt JR, Hernandez B, Wagenaar BH, Kumar M, Omolo D, Breinbauer C. Intimate Partner Violence, Poverty, and Maternal Health Care-Seeking Among Young Women in Kenya: a Cross-Sectional Analysis Informing the New Sustainable Development Goals. Glob Soc Welf 2020; 7:1-13. [PMID: 32728522 PMCID: PMC7388825 DOI: 10.1007/s40609-017-0106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite considerable achievements associated with the MDGs, under-five mortality, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, remains alarmingly high. Globally, intimate partner violence (IPV) affects one in three women within their lifetime. Little is known about the relationship between IPV and maternal care-seeking in the context of high rates of under-five mortality, particularly among young women and adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS Data from the Kenya Demographic Health Survey (2008-2009) were limited to a sample of women aged 15-24 years (n=1,406) with a child under-five who had experienced IPV in the last 12 months. Using multivariate logistic regression, we constructed three models: 1) base model; 2) controlling for type of residence (urban/rural); and 3) controlling for wealth status and education attainment, to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between IPV and ten maternal care-seeking behaviors. RESULTS Thirty-eight percent of the women had experienced some form of intimate partner violence in the last 12 months. Women who had experience IPV were less likely: 1) to complete a minimum of 4 antenatal visits after single IPV exposure (OR=0.61, 95% CI=0.44, 0.86 and after severe IPV (OR=0.80; 95% CI=0.44, 0.88) and 2) to deliver in health facility after severe IPV exposure (OR=0.74; 95% CI=0.54, 0.89), both adjusted for educational attainment and wealth status. Lower socio-economic status and living in a rural area were strongly associated with increased likelihood of IPV. CONCLUSIONS Intersectional approaches that consciously focus on, and creatively address IPV may be key to the success of reducing child mortality and improving maternal health outcomes. The implementation of joint programming and development of combination interventions to effectively reduce the risk of exposure to IPV and promote maternal care-seeking behavior are needed to improve child morbidity and mortality in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Burns
- Assistant Professor, John D. Bower School of Population Health, Department of Population Health Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - Joseph R Zunt
- Professor, Global Health, Professor, Neurology, Adjunct Professor, Epidemiology, University of Washington, Department of Global Health
| | - Bernardo Hernandez
- Associate Professor, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Global Health, University of Washington
| | | | | | - Danvers Omolo
- Data Analyst, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations
| | - Cecilia Breinbauer
- Cecilia Breinbauer, Clinical Assistant Professor, Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Global Mental Health, Departments of Global Health, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Deputy-Executive Director - Center for Healthy Development, Director - Child and Adolescent Development Program, Seattle, WA
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Olusanya BO, Davis AC, Wertlieb D, Boo NY, Nair M, Halpern R, Kuper H, Breinbauer C, de Vries PJ, Gladstone M, Halfon N, Kancherla V, Mulaudzi MC, Kakooza-Mwesige A, Ogbo FA, Olusanya JO, Williams AN, Wright SM, Manguerra H, Smith A, Echko M, Ikeda C, Liu A, Millear A, Ballesteros K, Nichols E, Erskine HE, Santomauro D, Rankin Z, Smith M, Whiteford HA, Olsen HE, Kassebaum NJ. Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Glob Health 2018; 6:e1100-e1121. [PMID: 30172774 PMCID: PMC6139259 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) mandate systematic monitoring of the health and wellbeing of all children to achieve optimal early childhood development. However, global epidemiological data on children with developmental disabilities are scarce. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) for development disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. METHODS We estimated prevalence and YLDs for epilepsy, intellectual disability, hearing loss, vision loss, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. YLDs were estimated as the product of the prevalence estimate and the disability weight for each mutually exclusive disorder, corrected for comorbidity. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, on a pool of primary data derived from systematic reviews of the literature, health surveys, hospital and claims databases, cohort studies, and disease-specific registries. FINDINGS Globally, 52·9 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 48·7-57·3; or 8·4% [7·7-9·1]) children younger than 5 years (54% males) had developmental disabilities in 2016 compared with 53·0 million (49·0-57·1; or 8·9% [8·2-9·5]) in 1990. About 95% of these children lived in low-income and middle-income countries. YLDs among these children increased from 3·8 million (95% UI 2·8-4·9) in 1990 to 3·9 million (2·9-5·2) in 2016. These disabilities accounted for 13·3% of the 29·3 million YLDs for all health conditions among children younger than 5 years in 2016. Vision loss was the most prevalent disability, followed by hearing loss, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder. However, intellectual disability was the largest contributor to YLDs in both 1990 and 2016. Although the prevalence of developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years decreased in all countries (except for North America) between 1990 and 2016, the number of children with developmental disabilities increased significantly in sub-Saharan Africa (71·3%) and in North Africa and the Middle East (7·6%). South Asia had the highest prevalence of children with developmental disabilities in 2016 and North America had the lowest. INTERPRETATION The global burden of developmental disabilities has not significantly improved since 1990, suggesting inadequate global attention on the developmental potential of children who survived childhood as a result of child survival programmes, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. The SDGs provide a framework for policy and action to address the needs of children with or at risk of developmental disabilities, particularly in resource-poor countries. FUNDING The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Mokdad AH, Forouzanfar MH, Daoud F, Mokdad AA, El Bcheraoui C, Moradi-Lakeh M, Kyu HH, Barber RM, Wagner J, Cercy K, Kravitz H, Coggeshall M, Chew A, O'Rourke KF, Steiner C, Tuffaha M, Charara R, Al-Ghamdi EA, Adi Y, Afifi RA, Alahmadi H, AlBuhairan F, Allen N, AlMazroa M, Al-Nehmi AA, AlRayess Z, Arora M, Azzopardi P, Barroso C, Basulaiman M, Bhutta ZA, Bonell C, Breinbauer C, Degenhardt L, Denno D, Fang J, Fatusi A, Feigl AB, Kakuma R, Karam N, Kennedy E, Khoja TAM, Maalouf F, Obermeyer CM, Mattoo A, McGovern T, Memish ZA, Mensah GA, Patel V, Petroni S, Reavley N, Zertuche DR, Saeedi M, Santelli J, Sawyer SM, Ssewamala F, Taiwo K, Tantawy M, Viner RM, Waldfogel J, Zuñiga MP, Naghavi M, Wang H, Vos T, Lopez AD, Al Rabeeah AA, Patton GC, Murray CJL. Global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors for young people's health during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2016; 387:2383-401. [PMID: 27174305 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people's health has emerged as a neglected yet pressing issue in global development. Changing patterns of young people's health have the potential to undermine future population health as well as global economic development unless timely and effective strategies are put into place. We report the past, present, and anticipated burden of disease in young people aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2013 using data on mortality, disability, injuries, and health risk factors. METHODS The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) includes annual assessments for 188 countries from 1990 to 2013, covering 306 diseases and injuries, 1233 sequelae, and 79 risk factors. We used the comparative risk assessment approach to assess how much of the burden of disease reported in a given year can be attributed to past exposure to a risk. We estimated attributable burden by comparing observed health outcomes with those that would have been observed if an alternative or counterfactual level of exposure had occurred in the past. We applied the same method to previous years to allow comparisons from 1990 to 2013. We cross-tabulated the quantiles of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by quintiles of DALYs annual increase from 1990 to 2013 to show rates of DALYs increase by burden. We used the GBD 2013 hierarchy of causes that organises 306 diseases and injuries into four levels of classification. Level one distinguishes three broad categories: first, communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders; second, non-communicable diseases; and third, injuries. Level two has 21 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive categories, level three has 163 categories, and level four has 254 categories. FINDINGS The leading causes of death in 2013 for young people aged 10-14 years were HIV/AIDS, road injuries, and drowning (25·2%), whereas transport injuries were the leading cause of death for ages 15-19 years (14·2%) and 20-24 years (15·6%). Maternal disorders were the highest cause of death for young women aged 20-24 years (17·1%) and the fourth highest for girls aged 15-19 years (11·5%) in 2013. Unsafe sex as a risk factor for DALYs increased from the 13th rank to the second for both sexes aged 15-19 years from 1990 to 2013. Alcohol misuse was the highest risk factor for DALYs (7·0% overall, 10·5% for males, and 2·7% for females) for young people aged 20-24 years, whereas drug use accounted for 2·7% (3·3% for males and 2·0% for females). The contribution of risk factors varied between and within countries. For example, for ages 20-24 years, drug use was highest in Qatar and accounted for 4·9% of DALYs, followed by 4·8% in the United Arab Emirates, whereas alcohol use was highest in Russia and accounted for 21·4%, followed by 21·0% in Belarus. Alcohol accounted for 9·0% (ranging from 4·2% in Hong Kong to 11·3% in Shandong) in China and 11·6% (ranging from 10·1% in Aguascalientes to 14·9% in Chihuahua) of DALYs in Mexico for young people aged 20-24 years. Alcohol and drug use in those aged 10-24 years had an annual rate of change of >1·0% from 1990 to 2013 and accounted for more than 3·1% of DALYs. INTERPRETATION Our findings call for increased efforts to improve health and reduce the burden of disease and risks for diseases in later life in young people. Moreover, because of the large variations between countries in risks and burden, a global approach to improve health during this important period of life will fail unless the particularities of each country are taken into account. Finally, our results call for a strategy to overcome the financial and technical barriers to adequately capture young people's health risk factors and their determinants in health information systems. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Farah Daoud
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arwa A Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charbel El Bcheraoui
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Community Medicine, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hmwe Hmwe Kyu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan M Barber
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph Wagner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Cercy
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hannah Kravitz
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan Coggeshall
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adrienne Chew
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin F O'Rourke
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caitlyn Steiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marwa Tuffaha
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raghid Charara
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Yaser Adi
- Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rima A Afifi
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hanan Alahmadi
- Institute of Public Administration, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadia AlBuhairan
- King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicholas Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Azzopardi
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carmen Barroso
- International Planned Parenthood Federation, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Bonell
- Department of Social Science, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cecilia Breinbauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Donna Denno
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jing Fang
- Institute for Health Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, China
| | - Adesegun Fatusi
- Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - Andrea B Feigl
- Department of Global Health and Population, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ritsuko Kakuma
- Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Elissa Kennedy
- Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute and School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tawfik A M Khoja
- Executive Board, Health Ministers' Council for Cooperation Council States, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi Maalouf
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry; Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer
- Center for Research on Population and Health; Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amitabh Mattoo
- Melbourne School of Government, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australia India Institute, Carlton, VIC, Australia; School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Terry McGovern
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - George A Mensah
- Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vikram Patel
- Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Suzanne Petroni
- International Center for Research on Women, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicola Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - John Santelli
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan M Sawyer
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fred Ssewamala
- International Center for Child Health and Asset Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kikelomo Taiwo
- The Lancet Youth, Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing, London, UK
| | | | - Russell M Viner
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Waldfogel
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Haidong Wang
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alan D Lopez
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Greenspan SI, Brazelton TB, Cordero J, Solomon R, Bauman ML, Robinson R, Shanker S, Breinbauer C. Guidelines for early identification, screening, and clinical management of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics 2008; 121:828-30. [PMID: 18381546 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley I Greenspan
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences, and Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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DeGangi GA, Breinbauer C, Roosevelt JD, Porges S, Greenspan S. Prediction of childhood problems at three years in children experiencing disorders of regulation during infancy. Infant Ment Health J 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0355(200007)21:3%3c156::aid-imhj2%3e3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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DeGangi GA, Breinbauer C, Roosevelt JD, Porges S, Greenspan S. Prediction of childhood problems at three years in children experiencing disorders of regulation during infancy. Infant Ment Health J 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0355(200007)21:3<156::aid-imhj2>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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