Mesure de la prévalence du trouble de stress post-traumatique chez les marins-pompiers de Marseille

Objectif : En France, peu d’études ont exploré la prévalence du trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) chez les pompiers. Une étude de 2007 retrouve un taux de 1 %, identique à celui de la population générale. Or, les pompiers sont surexposés aux interventions potentiellement traumatogènes et sont donc à risque de traumatismes vicariants, c’est-à-dire par procuration. L’objectif de notre étude était d’estimer la prévalence du TSPT chez les marins-pompiers du bataillon de marins-pompiers de Marseille.

Matériel et méthodes : Durant six mois, les marins-pompiers se présentant à leur visite médicale périodique au service médical d’unité ont rempli un autoquestionnaire comprenant des données sociodémographiques, professionnelles et la Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Scale (PCLS) avec un seuil à 44.

Résultats : Parmi les 356 sauveteurs inclus, soit un taux de réponse de 86 %, 4 % (IC 95 % : [2 ; 7]) avaient un TSPT. Les facteurs associés étaient une fatigue durable, des répercussions négatives sur la vie familiale, professionnelle, sociale et le ressenti d’un manque de soutien institutionnel.

Conclusion : Ces résultats confirment que les sauveteurs constituent une population à risque. Afin de comparer avec les études internationales, de nouvelles recherches avec la PCL-5 seraient souhaitables.

Comparison of the dental health status of 8 to 14-year-old children in France and in Jordan, a country of endemic fluorosis

In the present paper, data obtained from a survey dealing with dental carie, dental fluorosis and gingival health, involving 2618 Jordanian schoolchildren, aged 8 to 14, were compared with data from another survey dealing with 1058 schoolchildren of the same age groups living in a non-fluoridated area in the west of France. As regards dental carie in temporary teeth, up to the age of 12, the dft and dfs scores were higher in France than in Jordan. Over the age of 12, the difference was no longer significant. As regards dental carie in permanent teeth, the data showing that Jordanian children are less subject to caries than the French were very highly significant. Also, it was shown that caries index in girls was higher than in boys. These data were not significant in the French survey, but highly significant in the Jordanian investigation. A possible explanation is that, due to the custom of the country, boys in Jordan drink much more tea (with high fluoride content) than girls. As regards gingival health, an interesting finding was that, compared to the French children, the percentage of Jordanian children presenting gingivitis is remarkably low. The fluoride content of the dental plaque might play a restricting and preventing role.

[The role of tea consumption in dental fluorosis in Jordan]

2,516 children of both sexes, six to fourteen years old, were examined in Jordan in the course of an epidemiological study. 81.11% of girls and 76.43% of boys presented severe forms of dental fluorosis according to DEAN's index. Drinking water analysis revealed fluoride concentrations ranging from 0.27 to 1.4 mg F/l. These concentrations are neighbouring optimum tolerated fluoride supplementation in drinking water. However high annual temperature mean and ten hours daily sunshine must also be taken in consideration. For social and climatic reasons, Jordanian children drink daily high quantities of tea. Analysis of tea prepared on jordanian way revealed a concentration of 1.2 mg F/l. This continuous intake of fluoride might explain the high severity of dental fluorosis in Jordan.

[The oro-dental status of children 6-15-years of age in Pays de la Loire, Vienne and Deux Sèvres]

This survey was conducted on a representative sample of schoolchildren aged 6 to 15 years from Pays de la Loire, Vienne and Deux-Sèvres. The results showed that the DMFT and DMFS indices increased with age. The girls had a higher caries experience. The children from rural zones had a higher caries prevalence than those of urban areas. However the differences were not statistically significant. Relatively low values were recorded between 6 and 15 years for the plaque index, the calculus index and the gingival index.