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Fonseca W, Asai N, Yagi K, Malinczak CA, Savickas G, Johnson CC, Murray S, Zoratti EM, Lukacs NW, Li J, Schuler IV CF. COVID-19 Modulates Inflammatory and Renal Markers That May Predict Hospital Outcomes among African American Males. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122415. [PMID: 34960684 PMCID: PMC8708877 DOI: 10.3390/v13122415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: African Americans and males have elevated risks of infection, hospitalization, and death from SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with other populations. We report immune responses and renal injury markers in African American male patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study of 56 COVID-19 infected hospitalized African American males 50+ years of age selected from among non-intensive care unit (ICU) and ICU status patients. Demographics, hospitalization-related variables, and medical history were collected from electronic medical records. Plasma samples collected close to admission (≤2 days) were evaluated for cytokines and renal markers; results were compared to a control group (n = 31) and related to COVID-19 in-hospital mortality. Results: Among COVID-19 patients, eight (14.2%) suffered in-hospital mortality; seven (23.3%) in the ICU and one (3.8%) among non-ICU patients. Interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-33 were elevated at admission in COVID-19 patients in comparison with controls. IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, IL-33, GST, and osteopontin were upregulated at admission in ICU patients in comparison with controls. In addition to clinical factors, MCP-1 and GST may provide incremental value for risk prediction of COVID-19 in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: Qualitatively similar inflammatory responses were observed in comparison to other populations reported in the literature, suggesting non-immunologic factors may account for outcome differences. Further, we provide initial evidence for cytokine and renal toxicity markers as prognostic factors for COVID-19 in-hospital mortality among African American males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.F.); (N.A.); (K.Y.); (C.-A.M.); (N.W.L.)
| | - Nobuhiro Asai
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.F.); (N.A.); (K.Y.); (C.-A.M.); (N.W.L.)
| | - Kazuma Yagi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.F.); (N.A.); (K.Y.); (C.-A.M.); (N.W.L.)
| | - Carrie-Anne Malinczak
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.F.); (N.A.); (K.Y.); (C.-A.M.); (N.W.L.)
| | - Gina Savickas
- Translational and Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (G.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Christine C. Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.C.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Shannon Murray
- Translational and Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (G.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Edward M. Zoratti
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
| | - Nicholas W. Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.F.); (N.A.); (K.Y.); (C.-A.M.); (N.W.L.)
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.C.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Charles F. Schuler IV
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 734-232-2154; Fax: 734-647-6263
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