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Torke BM, Cardoso D, Chang H, Li SJ, Niu M, Pennington RT, Stirton CH, Xu WB, Zartman CE, Chung KF. A dated molecular phylogeny and biogeographical analysis reveals the evolutionary history of the trans-pacifically disjunct tropical tree genus Ormosia (Fabaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 166:107329. [PMID: 34678410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The papilionoid legume genus Ormosia (Fabaceae) comprises about 150 species of trees and exhibits a striking disjunct geographical distribution between the New World- and Asian and Australasian wet tropics and subtropics. Modern classifications of Ormosia are not grounded on a well-substantiated phylogenetic hypothesis and have been limited to just portions of the geographical range of the genus. The lack of an evolutionarily-based foundation for systematic studies has hindered taxonomic work on the genus and prevented the testing of biogeographical hypotheses related to the origin of the Old World/New World disjunction and the individual dispersal histories within both areas. Here, we present the most comprehensively sampled molecular phylogeny of Ormosia to date, based on analysis of both nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK and trnL-F) DNA sequences from 82 species of the genus. Phylogenetically-based divergence times and ancestral range estimations are employed to test hypotheses related to the biogeographical history of the genus. We find strong support for the monophyly of Ormosia and the grouping of all sampled Asian species of the genus into two comparably sized clades, one of which is sister to another large clade containing all sampled New World species. Within the New World clade, additional resolution supports the grouping of most species into three mutually exclusive subordinate clades. The remaining New World species form a fourth well-supported clade in the analyses of plastid sequences, but that result is contradicted by the analysis of ITS. With few exceptions the supported clades have not been previously recognized as taxonomic groups. The biogeographical analysis suggests that Ormosia originated in continental Asia and dispersed to the New World in the Oligocene or early Miocene via long-distance trans-oceanic dispersal. We reject the hypothesis that the inter-hemispheric disjunction in Ormosia resulted from fragmentation of a more continuous "Boreotropical" distribution since the dispersal post-dates Eocene climatic maxima. Both of the Old World clades appear to have originated in mainland Asia and subsequently dispersed into the Malay Archipelago and beyond, at least two lineages dispersing across Wallace's Line as far as the Solomon Islands and northeastern Australia. In the New World, the major clades all originated in Amazonia. Dispersal from Amazonia into peripheral areas in Central America, the Caribbean, and Extra-Amazonian Brazil occurred multiple times over varying time scales, the earliest beginning in the late Miocene. In a few cases, these dispersals were followed by local diversification, but not by reverse migration back to Amazonia. Within each of the two main areas of distribution, multiple modest bouts of oceanic dispersal were required to achieve the modern distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Torke
- Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA.
| | - Domingos Cardoso
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (INCT IN-TREE), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s.n., Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hsuan Chang
- Research Museum and Herbarium (HAST), Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Jin Li
- South China Botanical Garden, CAS, No.723, Xingke Rd, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Miao Niu
- Fairylake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, PR China
| | - R Toby Pennington
- Geography, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QE, United Kingdom; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom
| | - Charles H Stirton
- Bolus Herbarium (BOL), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Wei-Bin Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Charles E Zartman
- Department of Biodiversity, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Kuo-Fang Chung
- Research Museum and Herbarium (HAST), Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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du Preez B, Dreyer LL, Stirton CH, Muasya AM, Schrire BD. Indigoferawenholdiae (Indigofereae, Fabaceae), a new species from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. PhytoKeys 2021; 182:107-112. [PMID: 34707456 PMCID: PMC8501003 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.182.72170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Indigoferawenholdiae, a new species of Fabaceae from the Agulhas Plain Region of the Western Cape Province, South Africa, is described. A composite photographic plate is included along with a distribution map, description of habitat and ecology and proposed IUCN conservation status. Indigoferawenholdiae is unique in the I.brachystachya group by having digitately compound (vs. pinnately compound) leaves, white and unscented flowers (vs. pink and sweetly scented flowers) and grows on sandstone hillsides (vs. coastal limestone plains and outcrops).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian du Preez
- Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South AfricaUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South AfricaStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Leanne L. Dreyer
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South AfricaStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Charles H. Stirton
- Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South AfricaUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - A. Muthama Muasya
- Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South AfricaUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Brian D. Schrire
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UKRoyal Botanic GardensRichmondUnited Kingdom
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Stirton CH, Bello A, Muasya AM. Psoralea forbesiae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae), a new species from the Swartberg Mountains of South Africa. PhytoKeys 2018; 99:93-99. [PMID: 29881322 PMCID: PMC5990588 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.99.24765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoralea forbesiae C.H.Stirt., A.Bello & Muasya is a new species of Psoraleeae, Fabaceae. Psoralea forbesiae is endemic to the Swartberg Mountains and is a tall densely branched re-sprouting shrub up to 2.5 m, with bluish-green stems and with most parts covered in small crater-like glands, leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, linear-oblong, pale bluish-green, semi-conduplicate, somewhat succulent, glabrous, crowded at the end of bare branches on older stems or distributed along short branches on young shoots, petiolate. A description of P. forbesiae, together with photographs and a distribution map are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Stirton
- Bolus Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Abubakar Bello
- Bolus Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, P.M.B. 2218, Umaru Musa Yarádua University, Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - A. Muthama Muasya
- Bolus Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
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Dludlu MN, Chimphango SBM, Stirton CH, Muasya AM. Differential Preference of Burkholderia and Mesorhizobium to pH and Soil Types in the Core Cape Subregion, South Africa. Genes (Basel) 2017; 9:genes9010002. [PMID: 29271943 PMCID: PMC5793155 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 760 legume species occur in the ecologically-heterogeneous Core Cape Subregion (CCR) of South Africa. This study tested whether the main symbionts of CCR legumes (Burkholderia and Mesorhizobium) are phylogenetically structured by altitude, pH and soil types. Rhizobial strains were isolated from field nodules of diverse CCR legumes and sequenced for 16S ribosomic RNA (rRNA), recombinase A (recA) and N-acyltransferase (nodA). Phylogenetic analyses were performed using Bayesian and maximum likelihood techniques. Phylogenetic signals were determined using the D statistic for soil types and Pagel’s λ for altitude and pH. Phylogenetic relationships between symbionts of the narrowly-distributed Indigofera superba and those of some widespread CCR legumes were also determined. Results showed that Burkholderia is restricted to acidic soils, while Mesorhizobium occurs in both acidic and alkaline soils. Both genera showed significant phylogenetic clustering for pH and most soil types, but not for altitude. Therefore, pH and soil types influence the distribution of Burkholderia and Mesorhizobium in the CCR. All strains of Indigofera superba were identified as Burkholderia, and they were nested within various clades containing strains from outside its distribution range. It is, therefore, hypothesized that I. superba does not exhibit rhizobial specificity at the intragenic level. Implications for CCR legume distributions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshack Nkosinathi Dludlu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
| | - Samson B M Chimphango
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
| | - Charles H Stirton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
| | - A Muthama Muasya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
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Bello A, Daru BH, Stirton CH, Chimphango SBM, van der Bank M, Maurin O, Muasya AM. DNA barcodes reveal microevolutionary signals in fire response trait in two legume genera. AoB Plants 2015; 7:plv124. [PMID: 26507570 PMCID: PMC4670488 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale DNA barcoding provides a new technique for species identification and evaluation of relationships across various levels (populations and species) and may reveal fundamental processes in recently diverged species. Here, we analysed DNA sequence variation in the recently diverged legumes from the Psoraleeae (Fabaceae) occurring in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of southern Africa to test the utility of DNA barcodes in species identification and discrimination. We further explored the phylogenetic signal on fire response trait (reseeding and resprouting) at species and generic levels. We showed that Psoraleoid legumes of the CFR exhibit a barcoding gap yielding the combination of matK and rbcLa (matK + rbcLa) data set as a better barcode than single regions. We found a high score (100 %) of correct identification of individuals to their respective genera but a very low score (<50 %) in identifying them to species. We found a considerable match (54 %) between genetic species and morphologically delimited species. We also found that different lineages showed a weak but significant phylogenetic conservatism in their response to fire as reseeders or resprouters, with more clustering of resprouters than would be expected by chance. These novel microevolutionary patterns might be acting continuously over time to produce multi-scale regularities of biodiversity. This study provides the first insight into the DNA barcoding campaign of land plants in species identification and detection of the phylogenetic signal in recently diverged lineages of the CFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Bello
- Bolus Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Barnabas H Daru
- Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charles H Stirton
- Bolus Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Samson B M Chimphango
- Bolus Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Michelle van der Bank
- African Centre for DNA Barcoding, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Olivier Maurin
- African Centre for DNA Barcoding, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Muthama Muasya
- Bolus Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
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Bello A, Stirton CH, Chimphango SB, Muasya AM. Psoraleaditurnerae and P.vanberkelae (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): two new species restricted to the Core Cape Region of South Africa. PhytoKeys 2015; 44:97-107. [PMID: 25698896 PMCID: PMC4329393 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.44.8999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two new species of Psoralea L. are described: Psoraleaditurnerae A. Bello, C.H. Stirt. & Muasya, sp. nov. and Psoraleavanberkelae C.H. Stirt., A. Bello & Muasya, sp. nov. Psoraleaditurnerae is endemic to the Outeniqua mountains (Camferskloof) and is characterised by a mass of numerous basal shoots out of which emerge 2-3 woody stems up to 2 m tall, 3-foliolate needle-like leaflets at the base of the seasonally growing shoot reducing to one towards the apex and bearing numerous 1-3-flowered axillary inflorescences along its length; each mauve to purple and white flower subtended by a trifid cupulum. Psoraleavanberkelae is characterised by its spreading mounding habit, short tightly packed fleshy leaves, with large impressed papillae, densely glandular short broadly triangular stipules, pale to intense mauve to deep blue flowers, standard with a dark purple central blotch above a M-shaped white patch situated above claw, and khaki seeds with purple flecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Bello
- Bolus Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Charles H. Stirton
- Bolus Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Samson B.M. Chimphango
- Bolus Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - A. Muthama Muasya
- Bolus Herbarium, Biological Sciences Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
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Clark VR, Perera SJ, Stiller M, Stirton CH, Weston PH, Stoev P, Coombs G, Morris DB, Ratnayake-Perera D, Barker NP, McGregor GK. A rapid multi-disciplinary biodiversity assessment of the Kamdebooberge (Sneeuberg, Eastern Cape, South Africa): implications for conservation. Springerplus 2013; 1:56. [PMID: 23316449 PMCID: PMC3540356 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-1-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Botanical work since 2008 on the Sleeping Giant section of the Kamdebooberge (Sneeuberg mountain complex, Eastern Cape, South Africa) has indicated that these mountains may be of significant conservation value. Accordingly, a precursory, rapid multi-disciplinary biodiversity assessment was undertaken in January 2011, focusing on plants, tetrapod vertebrates and leafhoppers. The botanical results confirm the Kamdebooberge as being of high botanical conservation value, hosting three strict endemics, healthy populations of five other Sneeuberg endemics, and fynbos communities comprising species not found elsewhere in the Sneeuberg. The Kamdebooberge are important for herpetofauna (excluding serpentoids) and mammals, hosting several range-restricted and regional endemics. The expedition uncovered three new leafhopper species, together with several species previously only known from the Cape Floristic Region. Further detailed faunal work may provide further interesting results from these mountains, which show a high conservation value unique to the southern Escarpment. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-1-56) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent R Clark
- Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa
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Stirton CH, Muasya AM, Vlok J. Psoralea karooensis (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): a new species from the Klein Karoo region of South Africa. PhytoKeys 2012; 17:19-23. [PMID: 23233814 PMCID: PMC3519350 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.17.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new species of Psoralea is described. Psoralea karooensis C.H. Stirt., Muasya & Vlok is endemic to mountain streams in the Klein Karoo region of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The new species is characterised by its flexuose habit of many stiff bare stems with the seasonal shoots arising apically in clusters and its greenish cream flowers borne at the apex of 10-12 mm long peduncles each ending in a trifid cupulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Stirton
- Bolus Herbarium, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
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Stirton CH, Clark VR, Barker NP, Muasya AM. Psoralea margaretiflora (Psoraleeae, Fabaceae): A new species from the Sneeuberg Centre of Floristic Endemism, Eastern Cape, South Africa. PhytoKeys 2011; 5:31-38. [PMID: 22171191 PMCID: PMC3174448 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.5.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new species of Psoralea is described. Psoralea margaretiflora C.H. Stirton & V.R. Clark is endemic to the Sneeuberg Centre of Floristic Endemism, Eastern Cape, South Africa. This resprouter is characterised by its small greenish-white flowers with a small trifid purple nectar patch and translucent veins; 5(-7)-pinnate leaflets; multi-branching erect short seasonal flowering shoots; and tall habit of many stiff bare stems with the seasonal shoots massed at the apex. It is most similar to Psoralea oligophylla Eckl. & Zeyh., a widespread species found in the Eastern Cape. The reseeder Psoralea oligophylla differs in its lax virgate spreading habit with numerous long glaucous seasonal shoots; single stem, 1(-3)- glaucous leaflets; more numerous white flowers; and standard petals with a purple ring surrounding a bright yellow nectar patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Stirton
- Bolus Herbarium, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, South Africa
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Austin GN, Baird PD, Chow HF, Fellows L, Fleet G, Nash RJ, Peach JM, Pryce RJ, Stirton CH. Isolation from atelia herbert-smithii pittier (sophoreae, leguminosae) and x-ray structure of cis-1-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid, an achiral non-protein amino acid. Tetrahedron 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)81497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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