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Engin B, Willis SA, Malaikah S, Sargeant JA, Biddle GJH, Razieh C, Argyridou S, Edwardson CL, Jelleyman C, Stensel DJ, Henson J, Rowlands AV, Davies MJ, Yates T, King JA. Sedentary Time Is Independently Related to Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance in Adults With or at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1548-1554. [PMID: 37093903 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This cross-sectional study examined associations of device-measured sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with adipose tissue insulin resistance in people with or at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHOD Data were combined from six previous experimental studies (within our group) involving patients with T2DM or primary risk factors (median (interquartile range) age, 66.2 (66.0-70.8) yr; body mass index (BMI), 31.1 (28.0-34.4) kg·m -2 ; 62% male; n = 179). Adipose tissue insulin resistance was calculated as the product of fasted circulating insulin and nonesterified fatty acids (ADIPO-IR), whereas sedentary time and MVPA were determined from wrist-worn accelerometery. Generalized linear models examined associations of sedentary time and MVPA with ADIPO-IR with interaction terms added to explore the moderating influence of ethnicity (White European vs South Asian), BMI, age, and sex. RESULTS In finally adjusted models, sedentary time was positively associated with ADIPO-IR, with every 30 min of sedentary time associated with a 1.80-unit (95% confidence interval, 0.51-3.06; P = 0.006) higher ADIPO-IR. This relationship strengthened as BMI increased ( β = 3.48 (95% confidence interval, 1.50-5.46), P = 0.005 in the upper BMI tertile (≥33.2 kg·m -2 )). MVPA was unrelated to ADIPO-IR. These results were consistent in sensitivity analyses that excluded participants taking statins and/or metformin ( n = 126) and when separated into the participants with T2DM ( n = 32) and those at high risk ( n = 147). CONCLUSIONS Sedentary time is positively related to adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in people with or at high risk of T2DM. This relationship strengthens as BMI increases and may help explain established relationships between greater sedentary time, ectopic lipid, and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charlotte Jelleyman
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND
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Sargeant JA, Jelleyman C, Coull NA, Edwardson CL, Henson J, King JA, Khunti K, McCarthy M, Rowlands AV, Stensel DJ, Waller HL, Webb DR, Davies MJ, Yates T. Improvements in Glycemic Control After Acute Moderate-Intensity Continuous or High-Intensity Interval Exercise Are Greater in South Asians Than White Europeans With Nondiabetic Hyperglycemia: A Randomized Crossover Study. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:201-209. [PMID: 33158948 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether circulating metabolic responses to low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (LV-HIIE) or continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (CME) differ between white Europeans and South Asians with nondiabetic hyperglycemia (NDH). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirteen white Europeans and 10 South Asians (combined median [interquartile range] age 67 [60-68] years, HbA1c 5.9% [5.8-6.1%] [41.0 (39.9-43.2) mmol ⋅ mol-1]) completed three 6-h conditions (sedentary control [CON], LV-HIIE, and CME) in a randomized order. Exercise conditions contained a single bout of LV-HIIE and CME, respectively (each ending at 2 h), with meals provided at 0 and 3 h. Circulating glucose (primary outcome), insulin, insulin resistance index (IRI), triglycerides, and nonesterified fatty acids were measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, and 6 h. Data were analyzed as postexercise time-averaged area under the curve (AUC) adjusted for age, sex, and preexercise AUC. RESULTS Glucose was similar in each condition and with ethnicity, with no condition-by-ethnicity interaction (P ≥ 0.28). However, insulin was lower in LV-HIIE (mean [95% CI] -44.4 [-23.7, -65.1] mU ⋅ L-1) and CME (-33.8 [-13.7, -53.9] mU ⋅ L-1) compared with CON. Insulin responses were greater in South Asians (interaction P = 0.03) such that values were similar in each ethnicity during exercise conditions, despite being 33% higher in South Asians during CON. IRI followed a similar pattern to insulin. Lipids were unaffected by exercise. CONCLUSIONS Reductions in insulin and insulin resistance after acute LV-HIIE and CME are greater in South Asians than in white Europeans with NDH. Further trials are required to examine the longer-term impact of LV-HIIE and CME on cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Sargeant
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K. .,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K
| | - Charlotte Jelleyman
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K.,School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole A Coull
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K
| | - Charlotte L Edwardson
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K
| | - Joseph Henson
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K
| | - James A King
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester, U.K.,Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, U.K
| | - Matthew McCarthy
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K
| | - Alex V Rowlands
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K
| | - David J Stensel
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, U.K
| | - Helen L Waller
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K
| | - David R Webb
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K.,Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, U.K
| | - Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, U.K
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Sargeant JA, Jelleyman C, McCarthy M, Henson J, King JA, Khunti K, Davies MJ, Yates T. Ethnic Differences In Post-prandial Glycemic Control After Acute Moderate-intensity Continuous Or High-intensity Interval Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000671556.59454.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jelleyman C, McPhee J, Brussoni M, Bundy A, Duncan S. A Cross-Sectional Description of Parental Perceptions and Practices Related to Risky Play and Independent Mobility in Children: The New Zealand State of Play Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16020262. [PMID: 30658496 PMCID: PMC6352286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The potential for risky play and independent mobility to increase children’s physical activity, and enhance cognitive development and emotional wellbeing has been recognised for some time. The aim of this study was to describe the attitudes of New Zealand parents towards such risky play practices and independent mobility, the barriers preventing them from allowing their children to participate, and how often their children engaged in risky play activities. An online survey comprised mostly of validated scales and standardised questions was completed by a nationally representative sample of 2003 parents. We found that parents had neutral feelings about the risk of injury to their child through play, rather they were concerned about road safety and “stranger danger”. There was strong agreement that there are multiple benefits to be gained from exposure to risk and challenge, and that health and safety rules are too strict. However, 73% of respondents stated that their 5–12 year old child seldom or never engaged in four or more risky activities, and only 14.3% engaged in four or more often or always. While parents agree that their child is likely to benefit from risky play, they do not have the confidence to allow their children to engage in such activities. Future research should address barriers and fears when implementing strategies to facilitate risky play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Jelleyman
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
| | - Julia McPhee
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Children's' Hospital Research Institute, British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada.
| | - Anita Bundy
- Professor and Department Head, Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
- Professor of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Scott Duncan
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
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Jelleyman C, Edwardson CL, Henson J, Gray LJ, Rowlands AV, Khunti K, Davies MJ, Yates T. Associations of Physical Activity Intensities with Markers of Insulin Sensitivity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 49:2451-2458. [PMID: 28723844 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objectively measured physical activity (PA) intensity has traditionally been categorized as light, moderate, and vigorous using laboratory calibrated cut points. The relative contribution of time spent across a spectrum of accelerometer-determined intensities on health outcomes is less clear. PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the relationship between objectively measured PA intensity on a continuous scale and markers of insulin sensitivity (IS). METHODS Participants at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited from primary care (Leicestershire, UK). PA was measured using an ActiGraph accelerometer. Fasting and postchallenge glucose and insulin levels were assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test. IS was calculated using the Matsuda-IS and the HOMA-IS indices. Log-linear regression modeling was used to assess the relationship between PA intensity, in increments of 500 counts per minute, with markers of IS. Models were controlled for known confounders. RESULTS Complete data were available for 569 participants. PA intensity was favorably associated with fasting and 2 h of insulin and IS, with the association increasing in magnitude with each increment of 500 counts per minute. Differences in HOMA-IS per 10 min of PA ranged from 12.4% (95% confidence interval = 3.7%-21.8%) to 26.8% (11.0%-44.7%) within the moderate-intensity PA category (from 2000-2499 to 3500-3999 counts per minute). For Matsuda-IS, these differences were 22.0% (10.3%-34.9%) and 34.7% (13.9%-59.3%), respectively. Significant associations for fasting insulin were no longer observed after controlling for body mass index, whereas differences associated with 2-h insulin and IS were attenuated but still significant. CONCLUSION PA of any intensity may positively influence glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity in individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a dose-response manner. Further research is required to identify the intensity thresholds at which clinically relevant benefits occur in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Jelleyman
- 1Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM; 2National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM; 3Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM; 4Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM; 5Division of Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA; and 6NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care-East Midlands (NIHR CLAHRC-EM), Leicester, UNITED KINGDOM
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Jackson M, Fatahi F, Alabduljader K, Jelleyman C, Moore JP, Kubis HP. Exercise training and weight loss, not always a happy marriage: single blind exercise trials in females with diverse BMI. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:363-370. [PMID: 29096069 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals show high variability in body weight responses to exercise training. Expectations and motivation towards effects of exercise on body weight might influence eating behaviour and could conceal regulatory mechanisms. We conducted 2 single-blind exercise trials (4 weeks (study 1) and 8 weeks (study 2)) with concealed objectives and exclusion of individuals with weight loss intention. Circuit exercise training programs (3 times a week (45-90 min), intensity 50%-90% peak oxygen uptake for 4 and 8 weeks) were conducted. Thirty-four females finished the 4-week intervention and 36 females the 8-week intervention. Overweight/obese (OV/OB) and lean female participants' weight/body composition responses were assessed and fasting and postprandial appetite hormone levels (PYY, insulin, amylin, leptin, ghrelin) were measured before and after the intervention for understanding potential contribution to individuals' body weight response to exercise training (study 2). Exercise training in both studies did not lead to a significant reduction of weight/body mass index (BMI) in the participants' groups; however, lean participants gained muscle mass. Appetite hormones levels were significantly (p < 0.05) altered in the OV/OB group, affecting fasting (-24%) and postprandial amylin (-14%) levels. Investigation of individuals' BMI responses using multiple regression analysis revealed that levels of fasting leptin, postprandial amylin increase, and BMI were significant predictors of BMI change, explaining about 43% of the variance. In conclusion, tested exercise training did not lead to weight loss in female participants, while a considerable proportion of variance in body weight response to training could be explained by individuals' appetite hormone levels and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jackson
- College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.,College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK
| | - Fardin Fatahi
- College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.,College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK
| | - Kholoud Alabduljader
- College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.,College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK
| | - Charlotte Jelleyman
- College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.,College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK
| | - Jonathan P Moore
- College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.,College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK
| | - Hans-Peter Kubis
- College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.,College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK
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Jelleyman C, Yates T, O'Donovan G, Gray LJ, King JA, Khunti K, Davies MJ. The effects of high-intensity interval training on glucose regulation and insulin resistance: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2015; 16:942-61. [PMID: 26481101 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on markers of glucose regulation and insulin resistance compared with control conditions (CON) or continuous training (CT). Databases were searched for HIIT interventions based upon the inclusion criteria: training ≥2 weeks, adult participants and outcome measurements that included insulin resistance, fasting glucose, HbA1c or fasting insulin. Dual interventions and participants with type 1 diabetes were excluded. Fifty studies were included. There was a reduction in insulin resistance following HIIT compared with both CON and CT (HIIT vs. CON: standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.49, confidence intervals [CIs] -0.87 to -0.12, P = 0.009; CT: SMD = -0.35, -0.68 to -0.02, P = 0.036). Compared with CON, HbA1c decreased by 0.19% (-0.36 to -0.03, P = 0.021) and body weight decreased by 1.3 kg (-1.9 to -0.7, P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in other outcomes overall. However, participants at risk of or with type 2 diabetes experienced reductions in fasting glucose (-0.92 mmol L(-1), -1.22 to -0.62, P < 0.001) compared with CON. HIIT appears effective at improving metabolic health, particularly in those at risk of or with type 2 diabetes. Larger randomized controlled trials of longer duration than those included in this meta-analysis are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jelleyman
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester & Loughborough, UK
| | - T Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester & Loughborough, UK
| | - G O'Donovan
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - L J Gray
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - J A King
- NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester & Loughborough, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - K Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care - East Midlands (NIHR CLAHRC - EM), Leicester, UK
| | - M J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester & Loughborough, UK
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