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Ahmad H, Ada EN, Jowett S, Alabduljader K, Kazak Z. The Validation of Direct and Meta Versions of the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (ArCART-Q) in the Arabic Language: Their Relationship to Athlete's Satisfaction with Individual Performance. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18041998. [PMID: 33669505 PMCID: PMC7922148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The first aim of this study is to achieve validation of the direct and meta-perspective versions of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire in the Arabic language, and the second aim of this study is to determine the quality of the coach-athlete relationship to athlete’ satisfaction with individual performance according to sport participation type, sport duration, and sport achievement. Methods: A total of 259 athletes with a mean age of 22 years were recruited from various athletic clubs in Kuwait. Participants completed The Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire and The Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire. For this study, the factorial structure of the Arabic version of the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) was used in Kuwait and was prepared with both direct and meta perspectives. Results: The results of this study show evidence of the validity of the direct and meta-perspective Arabic versions of the CART-Q. The fit indices of the data collected by direct-method were as follows (x2/df = 2.21; RMSEA = 0.06; CFI = 0.98; GFI = 0.95; AGFI = 0.91); data for the meta-method were as follows (x2/df = 2.32; RMSEA = 0.08; CFI = 0.99; GFI = 0.93; AGFI = 0.87). Female participants have obtained higher means than males from all questionnaires. Conclusions: The results of the present study could help coaches and athletes from the Middle East to understand the reasons and methods that lead to a quality coach–athlete relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ahmad
- The College of Basic Education, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Al Adiliya Area, Kuwait City 13092, Kuwait;
- Correspondence:
| | - Elif Nilay Ada
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Mersin University, Mersin 33343, Turkey;
| | - Sophia Jowett
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TT, UK;
| | - Kholoud Alabduljader
- The College of Basic Education, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Al Adiliya Area, Kuwait City 13092, Kuwait;
| | - Zişan Kazak
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Turkey;
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Alabduljader K, Cliffe M, Sartor F, Papini G, Cox WM, Kubis HP. Ecological momentary assessment of food perceptions and eating behavior using a novel phone application in adults with or without obesity. Eat Behav 2018; 30:35-41. [PMID: 29777968 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We developed a smart phone application to measure participants' food-reward perceptions and eating behavior in their naturalistic environment. Intensity ratings (0 - not at all to 10 - very strongly) of perceived anticipation of food (wanting) and food enjoyment at endpoint of intake (liking) were recorded as they occurred over a period of 14 days. Moreover, food craving trait, implicit and explicit attitude towards healthy food, and body composition were assessed. 53 participants provided complete data. Participants were classified by percentage of body fat; 33 participants with lower body fat (L-group) and 20 with higher body fat (H-group; ≥25% body fat for males and ≥32% for females). L-group participants reported 6.34 (2.00) food wanting events per day, whereas H-group participants recorded significantly fewer food wanting events (5.07 (1.42)); both groups resisted about the same percentage of wanting events (L-group: 29.2 (15.5)%; H-group 27.3 (12.8)%). Perceived intensity ratings were significantly different within the L-group in the order liking (7.65 (0.81)) > un-resisted wanting (leading to eating) (7.00 (1.01)) > resisted wanting (not leading to eating) (6.02 (1.72)) but not in the H-group. Liking scores (L-group: 7.65 (0.81); H-group: 7.14 (1.04)) were significantly higher in L-group than in H-group after controlling for age. Our results show that individuals with higher percentage of body fat show less food enjoyment after intake and reveal no differentiation in intensity ratings of perceived anticipatory and consummatory food reward. These results are consistent with a hypothesized reward deficiency among individuals with higher percentage of body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud Alabduljader
- College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK; Department of Physical Education and Sport, College of Basic Education, The Public Authority of Applied Education, Kuwait
| | - Marion Cliffe
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Bangor, UK
| | - Francesco Sartor
- Department of Personal Health, Philips Research, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Papini
- Department of Personal Health, Philips Research, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - W Miles Cox
- College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Hans-Peter Kubis
- College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
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Jackson M, Fatahi F, Alabduljader K, Jelleyman C, Moore JP, Kubis HP. Exercise training and weight loss, not always a happy marriage: single blind exercise trials in females with diverse BMI. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:363-370. [PMID: 29096069 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals show high variability in body weight responses to exercise training. Expectations and motivation towards effects of exercise on body weight might influence eating behaviour and could conceal regulatory mechanisms. We conducted 2 single-blind exercise trials (4 weeks (study 1) and 8 weeks (study 2)) with concealed objectives and exclusion of individuals with weight loss intention. Circuit exercise training programs (3 times a week (45-90 min), intensity 50%-90% peak oxygen uptake for 4 and 8 weeks) were conducted. Thirty-four females finished the 4-week intervention and 36 females the 8-week intervention. Overweight/obese (OV/OB) and lean female participants' weight/body composition responses were assessed and fasting and postprandial appetite hormone levels (PYY, insulin, amylin, leptin, ghrelin) were measured before and after the intervention for understanding potential contribution to individuals' body weight response to exercise training (study 2). Exercise training in both studies did not lead to a significant reduction of weight/body mass index (BMI) in the participants' groups; however, lean participants gained muscle mass. Appetite hormones levels were significantly (p < 0.05) altered in the OV/OB group, affecting fasting (-24%) and postprandial amylin (-14%) levels. Investigation of individuals' BMI responses using multiple regression analysis revealed that levels of fasting leptin, postprandial amylin increase, and BMI were significant predictors of BMI change, explaining about 43% of the variance. In conclusion, tested exercise training did not lead to weight loss in female participants, while a considerable proportion of variance in body weight response to training could be explained by individuals' appetite hormone levels and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Jackson
- College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.,College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK
| | - Fardin Fatahi
- College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.,College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK
| | - Kholoud Alabduljader
- College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.,College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK
| | - Charlotte Jelleyman
- College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.,College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK
| | - Jonathan P Moore
- College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.,College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK
| | - Hans-Peter Kubis
- College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK.,College of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2PZ, UK
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