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Raha JR, Kim KH, Bhatnagar N, Liu R, Le CTT, Park BR, Grovenstein P, Pal SS, Ko EJ, Shin CH, Wang BZ, Kang SM. Supplementation of seasonal vaccine with multi-subtype neuraminidase and M2 ectodomain virus-like particle improves protection against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses in aged mice. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105877. [PMID: 38561077 PMCID: PMC11023748 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The conventional inactivated split seasonal influenza vaccine offers low efficacy, particularly in the elderly and against antigenic variants. Here, to improve the efficacy of seasonal vaccination for the elderly population, we tested whether supplementing seasonal bivalent (H1N1 + H3N2) split (S) vaccine with M2 ectodomain repeat and multi-subtype consensus neuraminidase (NA) proteins (N1 NA + N2 NA + flu B NA) on a virus-like particle (NA-M2e) would induce enhanced cross-protection against different influenza viruses in aged mice. Immunization with split vaccine plus NA-M2e (S + NA-M2e) increased vaccine-specific IgG antibodies towards T-helper type 1 responses and hemagglutination inhibition titers. Aged mice with NA-M2e supplemented vaccination were protected against homologous and heterologous viruses at higher efficacies, as evidenced by preventing weight loss, lowering lung viral loads, inducing broadly cross-protective humoral immunity, and IFN-γ+ CD4 and CD8 T cell responses than those with seasonal vaccine. Overall, this study supports a new strategy of NA-M2e supplemented vaccination to enhance protection against homologous and antigenically different viruses in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ruhan Raha
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Chau Thuy Tien Le
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Phillip Grovenstein
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Surya Sekhar Pal
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
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Teo A, Le CTT, Tan T, Chia PY, Yeo TW. Febrile Phase Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor and Olfactomedin 4 as Prognostic Biomarkers for Severe Dengue in Adults. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:788-796. [PMID: 37823481 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue cases continue to rise and can overwhelm healthcare systems during outbreaks. In dengue, neutrophil mediators, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and olfactomedin 4, and mast cell mediators, chymase and tryptase, have not been measured longitudinally across the dengue phases. The utility of these proteins as prognostic biomarkers for severe dengue has also not been assessed in an older adult population. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 99 adults with dengue-40 dengue fever, 46 dengue with warning signs and 13 severe dengue, along with 30 controls. Plasma levels of suPAR, olfactomedin 4, chymase and tryptase were measured at the febrile, critical and recovery phases in dengue patients. RESULTS The suPAR levels were significantly elevated in severe dengue compared to the other dengue severities and controls in the febrile (P < .001), critical (P < .001), and recovery (P = .005) phases. In the febrile phase, suPAR was a prognostic biomarker of severe dengue, with an AUROC of 0.82. Using a cutoff derived from Youden's index (5.4 ng/mL) and an estimated prevalence of severe dengue (16.5%) in our healthcare institution, the sensitivity was 71.4% with a specificity of 87.9% in the febrile phase, and the positive and negative predictive values were 54.7% and 95.8%, respectively. Olfactomedin 4 was elevated in dengue patients but not in proportion to disease severity in the febrile phase (P = .04) There were no significant differences in chymase and tryptase levels between dengue patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS In adult dengue, suPAR may be a reliable prognostic biomarker for severe dengue in the febrile phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Teo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chau Thuy Tien Le
- Centre for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Trevor Tan
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Po Ying Chia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsin Wen Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Le CTT, Ahn SY, Ho TL, Lee J, Lee DH, Hwang HS, Kang SM, Ko EJ. Adjuvant effects of combination monophosphoryl lipid A and poly I:C on antigen-specific immune responses and protective efficacy of influenza vaccines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12231. [PMID: 37507413 PMCID: PMC10382554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy, but they are currently unlicensed as adjuvants in influenza vaccines. This study aimed to investigate whether a combination of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL, a TLR4 agonist) and polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C, a TLR3 agonist) can enhance the protective efficacy of an inactivated A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (A/PR8) H1N1 influenza vaccine against homologous influenza infection and minimize illness outcomes. Results showed that combination MPL and poly I:C adjuvanted influenza vaccination increased the production of antigen-specific antibodies, decreased the levels of cytokines and cellular infiltrates at the infection sites, and induced significant memory T and B cell responses in mice. The results of this study suggest that the combination of MPL and poly I:C can be developed into a possible adjuvant for enhancing the efficacy of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Thuy Tien Le
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - So Yeon Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Len Ho
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Industry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn SY, Lee J, Lee DH, Ho TL, Le CTT, Ko EJ. Chronic allergic asthma induces T-cell exhaustion and impairs virus clearance in mice. Respir Res 2023; 24:160. [PMID: 37424011 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma, one of the most common types of asthma, is thought to be highly susceptible to respiratory viral infections; however, its pathological mechanism needs to be elucidated. Recent studies have found impaired T-cell function in asthmatic mice. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the way by which asthma induction affects T-cell exhaustion in the lungs and assess the relationship between T-cell exhaustion and influenza viral infection. METHODS Chronic allergic asthma mice were induced by intranasal injection of ovalbumin for 6 weeks and asthmatic features and T cell populations in lung or airway were assessed. To determine the influenza virus susceptibility, control and asthma mice were challenged with the human influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 and evaluated the survival rate, lung damage, and virus titer. RESULTS Six weeks of OVA sensitization and challenge successfully induced chronic allergic asthma in a mouse model showing significant increase of sera IgE level and broncho-pathological features. A significant decrease in interferon-γ-producing T-cell populations and an increase in exhausted T-cell populations in the lungs of OVA-induced asthmatic mice were observed. Asthmatic mice were more susceptible to influenza virus infection than control mice showing lower survival rate and higher virus titer in lung, and a positive correlation existed between T-cell exhaustion in the lung and virus titer. CONCLUSIONS Asthma induction in mice results in the exhaustion of T-cell immunity, which may contribute to the defective capacity of viral protection. This study demonstrates a correlation between asthma conditions and viral susceptibility by investigating the functional characteristics of T-cells in asthma. Our results provide insights into the development of strategies to overcome the dangers of respiratory viral disease in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Ahn
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Lee
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Len Ho
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chau Thuy Tien Le
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 30303, Atlanta, USA.
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Lee J, Ahn SY, Le CTT, Lee DH, Jung J, Ko EJ. Protective and vaccine dose-sparing efficacy of Poly I:C-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticle adjuvants in inactivated influenza vaccination. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109240. [PMID: 36115278 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants are required to increase the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccination and enable vaccine dose sparing. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), a toll-like receptor 3 agonist, is a promising adjuvant candidate that can induce cell-mediated immune responses; however, it remains unlicensed owing to its low stability and toxicity. Calcium phosphate (CaP), a biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticle, is widely used in biomedicine for stable and targeted drug delivery. In this study, we developed Poly I:C-functionalized CaP (Poly-CaP) and evaluated its vaccine adjuvant efficacy in vitro and in vivo. A half dose of Poly-CaP nanoparticles showed similar efficacy to a full dose of soluble Poly I:C in stimulating bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and express their activation markers. Immunization with a half dose of inactivated influenza vaccine in the presence of Poly I:C or Poly-CaP adjuvants induced sufficient antigen-specific humoral responses after boost immunization. Immunization with Poly I:C, CaP, or Poly-CaP-adjuvanted with a half dose of influenza vaccine showed comparable protective efficacy against lethal virus infection, with lower weight loss and virus titer than a full dose of influenza vaccine. The Poly-CaP adjuvant was effective in stimulating antigen-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation in the lungs. Collectively, our results showed that the Poly-CaP adjuvant enhanced antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity and humoral immune responses with vaccine dose-sparing effects, suggesting its potential as a novel vaccine adjuvant candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jueun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chau Thuy Tien Le
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ha Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehan Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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