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Raha JR, Kim KH, Bhatnagar N, Liu R, Le CTT, Park BR, Grovenstein P, Pal SS, Ko EJ, Shin CH, Wang BZ, Kang SM. Supplementation of seasonal vaccine with multi-subtype neuraminidase and M2 ectodomain virus-like particle improves protection against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses in aged mice. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105877. [PMID: 38561077 PMCID: PMC11023748 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The conventional inactivated split seasonal influenza vaccine offers low efficacy, particularly in the elderly and against antigenic variants. Here, to improve the efficacy of seasonal vaccination for the elderly population, we tested whether supplementing seasonal bivalent (H1N1 + H3N2) split (S) vaccine with M2 ectodomain repeat and multi-subtype consensus neuraminidase (NA) proteins (N1 NA + N2 NA + flu B NA) on a virus-like particle (NA-M2e) would induce enhanced cross-protection against different influenza viruses in aged mice. Immunization with split vaccine plus NA-M2e (S + NA-M2e) increased vaccine-specific IgG antibodies towards T-helper type 1 responses and hemagglutination inhibition titers. Aged mice with NA-M2e supplemented vaccination were protected against homologous and heterologous viruses at higher efficacies, as evidenced by preventing weight loss, lowering lung viral loads, inducing broadly cross-protective humoral immunity, and IFN-γ+ CD4 and CD8 T cell responses than those with seasonal vaccine. Overall, this study supports a new strategy of NA-M2e supplemented vaccination to enhance protection against homologous and antigenically different viruses in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ruhan Raha
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Chau Thuy Tien Le
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Phillip Grovenstein
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Surya Sekhar Pal
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, South Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
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Liu R, Natekar JP, Kim KH, Pathak H, Bhatnagar N, Raha JR, Park BR, Guglani A, Shin CH, Kumar M, Kang SM. Multivalent and Sequential Heterologous Spike Protein Vaccinations Effectively Induce Protective Humoral Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:362. [PMID: 38675744 PMCID: PMC11053539 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to cause challenging problems for the effective control of COVID-19. In this study, we tested the hypothesis of whether a strategy of multivalent and sequential heterologous spike protein vaccinations would induce a broader range and higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants and more effective protection than homologous spike protein vaccination in a mouse model. We determined spike-specific IgG, receptor-binding inhibition titers, and protective efficacy in the groups of mice that were vaccinated with multivalent recombinant spike proteins (Wuhan, Delta, Omicron), sequentially with heterologous spike protein variants, or with homologous spike proteins. Trivalent (Wuhan + Delta + Omicron) and sequential heterologous spike protein vaccinations were more effective in inducing serum inhibition activities of receptor binding to spike variants and virus neutralizing antibody titers than homologous spike protein vaccination. The higher efficacy of protection was observed in mice with trivalent and sequential heterologous spike protein vaccination after a challenge with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 MA10 strain compared to homologous spike protein vaccination. This study provides evidence that a strategy of multivalent and sequential heterologous variant spike vaccination might provide more effective protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants than homologous spike vaccination and significantly alleviate severe inflammation due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Janhavi P. Natekar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.P.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Heather Pathak
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.P.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Jannatul Ruhan Raha
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Anchala Guglani
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.P.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.P.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
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