|
1
|
Liu R, Natekar JP, Kim KH, Pathak H, Bhatnagar N, Raha JR, Park BR, Guglani A, Shin CH, Kumar M, Kang SM. Multivalent and Sequential Heterologous Spike Protein Vaccinations Effectively Induce Protective Humoral Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:362. [PMID: 38675744 PMCID: PMC11053539 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to cause challenging problems for the effective control of COVID-19. In this study, we tested the hypothesis of whether a strategy of multivalent and sequential heterologous spike protein vaccinations would induce a broader range and higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants and more effective protection than homologous spike protein vaccination in a mouse model. We determined spike-specific IgG, receptor-binding inhibition titers, and protective efficacy in the groups of mice that were vaccinated with multivalent recombinant spike proteins (Wuhan, Delta, Omicron), sequentially with heterologous spike protein variants, or with homologous spike proteins. Trivalent (Wuhan + Delta + Omicron) and sequential heterologous spike protein vaccinations were more effective in inducing serum inhibition activities of receptor binding to spike variants and virus neutralizing antibody titers than homologous spike protein vaccination. The higher efficacy of protection was observed in mice with trivalent and sequential heterologous spike protein vaccination after a challenge with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 MA10 strain compared to homologous spike protein vaccination. This study provides evidence that a strategy of multivalent and sequential heterologous variant spike vaccination might provide more effective protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants than homologous spike vaccination and significantly alleviate severe inflammation due to COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Janhavi P. Natekar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.P.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Heather Pathak
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.P.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Jannatul Ruhan Raha
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Anchala Guglani
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.P.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (J.P.N.); (H.P.)
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (R.L.); (K.-H.K.); (N.B.); (J.R.R.); (B.R.P.); (C.H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|