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Yeo NKW, Lim CK, Yaung KN, Khoo NKH, Arkachaisri T, Albani S, Yeo JG. Genetic interrogation for sequence and copy number variants in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Genet 2024; 15:1341272. [PMID: 38501057 PMCID: PMC10944961 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1341272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus presents with a more severe disease and is associated with a greater genetic burden, especially in patients from Black, Asian or Hispanic ancestries. Next-generation sequencing techniques, notably whole exome sequencing, have been extensively used in genomic interrogation studies to identify causal disease variants that are increasingly implicated in the development of autoimmunity. This Review discusses the known casual variants of polygenic and monogenic systemic lupus erythematosus and its implications under certain genetic disparities while suggesting an age-based sequencing strategy to aid in clinical diagnostics and patient management for improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Che Kang Lim
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Translation Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katherine Nay Yaung
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Kim Huat Khoo
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thaschawee Arkachaisri
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Rheumatology and Immunology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Rheumatology and Immunology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joo Guan Yeo
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Rheumatology and Immunology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Lim CK, Bronson PG, Varade J, Behrens TW, Hammarström L. STXBP6 and B3GNT6 Genes are Associated With Selective IgA Deficiency. Front Genet 2022; 12:736235. [PMID: 34976003 PMCID: PMC8718598 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.736235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A Deficiency (IgAD) is a polygenic primary immune deficiency, with a strong genetic association to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified five non-HLA risk loci (IFIH1, PVT1, ATG13-AMBRA1, AHI1 and CLEC16A). In this study, we investigated the genetic interactions between different HLA susceptibility haplotypes and non-MHC genes in IgAD. To do this, we stratified IgAD subjects and healthy controls based on HLA haplotypes (N = 10,993), and then performed GWAS to identify novel genetic regions contributing to IgAD susceptibility. After replicating previously published HLA risk haplotypes, we compared individuals carrying at least one HLA risk allele (HLA-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01 or HLA-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:02 or HLA-DRB1*01-DQB1*05:01) with individuals lacking an HLA risk allele. Subsequently, we stratified subjects based on the susceptibility alleles/haplotypes and performed gene-based association analysis using 572,856 SNPs and 24,125 genes. A significant genome-wide association in STXBP6 (rs4097492; p = 7.63 × 10-9) was observed in the cohort carrying at least one MHC risk allele. We also identified a significant gene-based association for B3GNT6 (P Gene = 2.1 × 10-6) in patients not carrying known HLA susceptibility alleles. Our findings indicate that the etiology of IgAD differs depending on the genetic background of HLA susceptibility haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Kang Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University, Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department Clinical Translation Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paola G Bronson
- RED OMNI Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jezabel Varade
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University, Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) Singular Research Center, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Lennart Hammarström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University, Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Zhu R, Anselin L, Batty M, Kwan MP, Chen M, Luo W, Cheng T, Lim CK, Santi P, Cheng C, Gu Q, Wong MS, Zhang K, Lü G, Ratti C. The effects of different travel modes and travel destinations on COVID-19 transmission in global cities. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 67:588-592. [PMID: 34868708 PMCID: PMC8631046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Senseable City Laboratory, Future Urban Mobility IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Luc Anselin
- Center for Spatial Data Science, Division of the Social Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, USA.,School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Michael Batty
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CS, Netherlands
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education of PRC), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570, Singapore
| | - Tao Cheng
- SpaceTimeLab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Che Kang Lim
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Paolo Santi
- Senseable City Laboratory, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139, USA.,Istituto di Informatica e Telematica del CNR, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of System Science, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Qiushi Gu
- Department of Tourism Studies, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Man Sing Wong
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guonian Lü
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Carlo Ratti
- Senseable City Laboratory, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
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Abolhassani H, Lim CK, Aghamohammadi A, Hammarström L. Histocompatibility Complex Status and Mendelian Randomization Analysis in Unsolved Antibody Deficiency. Front Immunol 2020; 11:14. [PMID: 32038658 PMCID: PMC6993084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis in the majority of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency, remains unknown. We aimed to compare the minor and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) markers as well as polygenic scores of common genetic variants between patients with monogenic CVID and without known genetic mutation detected. Monogenic patients were identified in a CVID cohort using whole exome sequencing. Computational full-resolution MHC typing and confirmatory PCR amplicon-based high-resolution typing were performed. Exome-wide polygenic scores were developed using significantly different variants and multi-variant Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used to test the causality of significant genetic variants on antibody levels and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Among 83 CVID patients (44.5% females), monogenic defects were found in 40 individuals. Evaluation of the remaining CVID patients without known genetic mutation detected showed 13 and 27 significantly associated MHC-class I and II alleles, respectively. The most significant partial haplotype linked with the unsolved CVID was W*01:01:01-DMA*01:01:01-DMB*01:03:01:02-TAP1*01:01:01 (P < 0.001), where carriers had a late onset of the disease, only infection clinical phenotype, a non-familial form of CVID, post-germinal center defects and a non-progressive form of their disease. Exclusion of monogenic diseases allowed MR analyses to identify significant genetic variants associated with bacterial infections and improved discrepancies observed in MR analyses of previous GWAS studies with low pleiotropy mainly for a lower respiratory infection, bacterial infection and Streptococcal infection. This is the first study on the full-resolution of minor and major MHC typing and polygenic scores on CVID patients and showed that exclusion of monogenic forms of the disease unraveled an independent role of MHC genes and common genetic variants in the pathogenesis of CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Che Kang Lim
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Boisson-Dupuis S, Ramirez-Alejo N, Li Z, Patin E, Rao G, Kerner G, Lim CK, Krementsov DN, Hernandez N, Ma CS, Zhang Q, Markle J, Martinez-Barricarte R, Payne K, Fisch R, Deswarte C, Halpern J, Bouaziz M, Mulwa J, Sivanesan D, Lazarov T, Naves R, Garcia P, Itan Y, Boisson B, Checchi A, Jabot-Hanin F, Cobat A, Guennoun A, Jackson CC, Pekcan S, Caliskaner Z, Inostroza J, Costa-Carvalho BT, de Albuquerque JAT, Garcia-Ortiz H, Orozco L, Ozcelik T, Abid A, Rhorfi IA, Souhi H, Amrani HN, Zegmout A, Geissmann F, Michnick SW, Muller-Fleckenstein I, Fleckenstein B, Puel A, Ciancanelli MJ, Marr N, Abolhassani H, Balcells ME, Condino-Neto A, Strickler A, Abarca K, Teuscher C, Ochs HD, Reisli I, Sayar EH, El-Baghdadi J, Bustamante J, Hammarström L, Tangye SG, Pellegrini S, Quintana-Murci L, Abel L, Casanova JL. Tuberculosis and impaired IL-23-dependent IFN-γ immunity in humans homozygous for a common TYK2 missense variant. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/30/eaau8714. [PMID: 30578352 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau8714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inherited IL-12Rβ1 and TYK2 deficiencies impair both IL-12- and IL-23-dependent IFN-γ immunity and are rare monogenic causes of tuberculosis, each found in less than 1/600,000 individuals. We show that homozygosity for the common TYK2 P1104A allele, which is found in about 1/600 Europeans and between 1/1000 and 1/10,000 individuals in regions other than East Asia, is more frequent in a cohort of patients with tuberculosis from endemic areas than in ethnicity-adjusted controls (P = 8.37 × 10-8; odds ratio, 89.31; 95% CI, 14.7 to 1725). Moreover, the frequency of P1104A in Europeans has decreased, from about 9% to 4.2%, over the past 4000 years, consistent with purging of this variant by endemic tuberculosis. Surprisingly, we also show that TYK2 P1104A impairs cellular responses to IL-23, but not to IFN-α, IL-10, or even IL-12, which, like IL-23, induces IFN-γ via activation of TYK2 and JAK2. Moreover, TYK2 P1104A is properly docked on cytokine receptors and can be phosphorylated by the proximal JAK, but lacks catalytic activity. Last, we show that the catalytic activity of TYK2 is essential for IL-23, but not IL-12, responses in cells expressing wild-type JAK2. In contrast, the catalytic activity of JAK2 is redundant for both IL-12 and IL-23 responses, because the catalytically inactive P1057A JAK2, which is also docked and phosphorylated, rescues signaling in cells expressing wild-type TYK2. In conclusion, homozygosity for the catalytically inactive P1104A missense variant of TYK2 selectively disrupts the induction of IFN-γ by IL-23 and is a common monogenic etiology of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Noe Ramirez-Alejo
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhi Li
- Cytokine Signaling Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France.,INSERM U1221, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Patin
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France.,Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Geetha Rao
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gaspard Kerner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Che Kang Lim
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Nicholas Hernandez
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Janet Markle
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruben Martinez-Barricarte
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Payne
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Fisch
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Joshua Halpern
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthieu Bouaziz
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jeanette Mulwa
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Durga Sivanesan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Garcia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Clinical Laboratory Department School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yuval Itan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Alix Checchi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Jabot-Hanin
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Carolyn C Jackson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sevgi Pekcan
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zafer Caliskaner
- Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Jaime Inostroza
- Jeffrey Modell Center for Diagnosis and Research in Primary Immunodeficiencies, Faculty of Medicine University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Lorena Orozco
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tayfun Ozcelik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Abid
- Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ismail Abderahmani Rhorfi
- Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.,Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hicham Souhi
- Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Adil Zegmout
- Department of Pneumology, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Frédéric Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen W Michnick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Bernhard Fleckenstein
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anne Puel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Michael J Ciancanelli
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - María Elvira Balcells
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexis Strickler
- Department of Pediatrics, San Sebastián University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katia Abarca
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Seattle Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ismail Reisli
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esra H Sayar
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Beijing Genomics Institute BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra Pellegrini
- Cytokine Signaling Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France.,INSERM U1221, Paris, France
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR2000, Paris, France.,Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Talal M, Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Albahri AS, Alamoodi AH, Albahri OS, Alsalem MA, Lim CK, Tan KL, Shir WL, Mohammed KI. Smart Home-based IoT for Real-time and Secure Remote Health Monitoring of Triage and Priority System using Body Sensors: Multi-driven Systematic Review. J Med Syst 2019; 43:42. [PMID: 30648217 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-019-1158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has been identified in various applications across different domains, such as in the healthcare sector. IoT has also been recognised for its revolution in reshaping modern healthcare with aspiring wide range prospects, including economical, technological and social. This study aims to establish IoT-based smart home security solutions for real-time health monitoring technologies in telemedicine architecture. A multilayer taxonomy is driven and conducted in this study. In the first layer, a comprehensive analysis on telemedicine, which focuses on the client and server sides, shows that other studies associated with IoT-based smart home applications have several limitations that remain unaddressed. Particularly, remote patient monitoring in healthcare applications presents various facilities and benefits by adopting IoT-based smart home technologies without compromising the security requirements and potentially large number of risks. An extensive search is conducted to identify articles that handle these issues, related applications are comprehensively reviewed and a coherent taxonomy for these articles is established. A total number of (n = 3064) are gathered between 2007 and 2017 for most reliable databases, such as ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineer Xplore databases. Then, the articles based on IoT studies that are associated with telemedicine applications are filtered. Nine articles are selected and classified into two categories. The first category, which accounts for 22.22% (n = 2/9), includes surveys on telemedicine articles and their applications. The second category, which accounts for 77.78% (n = 7/9), includes articles on the client and server sides of telemedicine architecture. The collected studies reveal the essential requirement in constructing another taxonomy layer and review IoT-based smart home security studies. Therefore, IoT-based smart home security features are introduced and analysed in the second layer. The security of smart home design based on IoT applications is an aspect that represents a crucial matter for general occupants of smart homes, in which studies are required to provide a better solution with patient security, privacy protection and security of users' entities from being stolen or compromised. Innovative technologies have dispersed limitations related to this matter. The existing gaps and trends in this area should be investigated to provide valuable visions for technical environments and researchers. Thus, 67 articles are obtained in the second layer of our taxonomy and are classified into six categories. In the first category, 25.37% (n = 17/67) of the articles focus on architecture design. In the second category, 17.91% (n = 12/67) includes security analysis articles that investigate the research status in the security area of IoT-based smart home applications. In the third category, 10.44% (n = 7/67) includes articles about security schemes. In the fourth category, 17.91% (n = 12/67) comprises security examination. In the fifth category, 13.43% (n = 9/67) analyses security protocols. In the final category, 14.92% (n = 10/67) analyses the security framework. Then, the identified basic characteristics of this emerging field are presented and provided in the following aspects. Open challenges experienced on the development of IoT-based smart home security are addressed to be adopted fully in telemedicine applications. Then, the requirements are provided to increase researcher's interest in this study area. On this basis, a number of recommendations for different parties are described to provide insights on the next steps that should be considered to enhance the security of smart homes based on IoT. A map matching for both taxonomies is developed in this study to determine the novel risks and benefits of IoT-based smart home security for real-time remote health monitoring within client and server sides in telemedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Talal
- Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, Malaysia
| | - A A Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - B B Zaidan
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - A S Albahri
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - A H Alamoodi
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - O S Albahri
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - M A Alsalem
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - C K Lim
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - K L Tan
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - W L Shir
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - K I Mohammed
- Department of Computing, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
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Lim CK, Abolhassani H, Appelberg SK, Sundin M, Hammarström L. IL2RG hypomorphic mutation: identification of a novel pathogenic mutation in exon 8 and a review of the literature. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2019; 15:2. [PMID: 30622570 PMCID: PMC6320602 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is a variant of cellular immunodeficiency due to hypomorphic mutations in the interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL2RG) gene. Due to a leaky clinical phenotype, diagnosis and appropriate treatment are challenging in these patients. Case presentation We report a 16-year-old patient with a Tlow B+ NK+ cellular immunodeficiency due to a novel nonsense mutation in exon 8 (p.R328X) of the IL2RG gene. Functional impairment of the IL2RG was confirmed by IL2-Janus kinase 3-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway investigation. In addition, the characteristics of the mutations previously described in 39 patients with an atypical phenotype were reviewed and analyzed from the literature. Conclusion This is the first report of an atypical X-SCID phenotype due to an exon 8 mutation in the IL2RG gene. The variability in the phenotypic spectrum of classic X-SCID associated gene highlights the necessity of multi-disciplinary cooperation vigilance for a more accurate diagnostic workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Kang Lim
- 1Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,2Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- 1Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,3Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sofia K Appelberg
- 1Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sundin
- 4Department of Blood Disorders, Immunodeficiency and Stem Cell Transplantation, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,5Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- 1Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.,6BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 China
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8
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Xia Y, He T, Luo Y, Li C, Lim CK, Abolhassani H, Yang J, Hammarström L. Targeted next-generation sequencing for genetic diagnosis of 160 patients with primary immunodeficiency in south China. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:863-872. [PMID: 30152884 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) is a group of heterogeneous diseases mainly characterized by severe and recurrent infections and an increased susceptibility to lymphoproliferative, atopic, and autoimmune conditions. The clinical diagnosis should preferably be complemented by a genetic diagnosis. To date, PID-related reports from China seldom attempt to make a genetic test for their patients. METHODS Our study aimed to evaluate demographic data, clinical manifestations, and molecular diagnosis of PID patients from southern China. Moreover, by comparison with previous reports, we provide a picture of the current status of PID in mainland China. A total number of 160 pediatric PID patients (106 males and 54 females) were enrolled, and targeted next-generation sequencing was conducted using 269 PID-related genes and subsequently confirmed by Sanger sequencing and familial segregation analysis. RESULT The autoinflammatory disease group was the most common subcategory of PID (20%), followed by immune dysregulation (17.5%) and combined immunodeficiencies (16.2%). Antibody deficiency disorders were identified in only 11.9% of the cohort. The putative causative gene was identified in 70 patients (43.8%), and an X-linked pattern was found in 45.7% of the genetically diagnosed patients. CONCLUSION The current study provides the first collective study of PID phenotypes and genotypes in south China and provides a strong argument for the diagnostic application of targeted next-generation sequencing panels in patients with suspected PID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tingyan He
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yin Luo
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengrong Li
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Che Kang Lim
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Er XY, Seow TW, Lim CK, Ibrahim Z, Mat Sarip SH. Biological treatment of closed landfill leachate treatment by using Brevibacillus panacihumi strain ZB1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/140/1/012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Varade J, Wang N, Lim CK, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Liu X, Piehl F, Matell R, Cao H, Xu X, Hammarström L. Novel genetic loci associated HLA-B*08:01 positive myasthenia gravis. J Autoimmun 2018; 88:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Smit MM, Ekenstedt KJ, Minor KM, Lim CK, Leegwater P, Furrow E. Prevalence of the AMHR2 mutation in Miniature Schnauzers and genetic investigation of a Belgian Malinois with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:371-376. [PMID: 29194807 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a sex-limited disorder in which males develop portions of the female reproductive tract. Important consequences of PMDS are cryptorchidism and its sequelae of infertility and increased risk of testicular cancer. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor (AMHR2) induce the regression of the Müllerian ducts in male embryos. In Miniature Schnauzer dogs, the genetic basis has been identified as an autosomal recessive nonsense mutation in AMHR2, but the allele frequency of the mutation is unknown. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the AMHR2 mutation in North American Miniature Schnauzers, in order to ascertain the value of genetic testing in this breed. An additional objective was to determine whether mutations in AMH or AMHR2 were responsible for PMDS in a Belgian Malinois; this would aid development of a genetic test for the Belgian Malinois breed. Genomic DNA from 216 Miniature Schnauzers (including one known PMDS case) was genotyped for the AMHR2 mutation, and DNA from a single PMDS-affected Belgian Malinois was sequenced for all coding exons of AMH and AMHR2. The Miniature Schnauzer cohort had an AMHR2 mutation allele frequency of 0.16 and a carrier genotypic frequency of 0.27. The genetic basis for PMDS in the Belgian Malinois was not determined, as no coding or splicing mutations were identified in either AMH or AMHR2. These findings support a benefit to AMHR2 mutation testing Miniature Schnauzers used for breeding or with cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Smit
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - K J Ekenstedt
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - K M Minor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - C K Lim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Paj Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E Furrow
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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12
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Abstract
Biomarkers provide certain values for diagnosis, monitor treatment efficacy, or for the development of novel therapeutic approach for particular diseases. Thus, the identification of specific of biomarkers for specific medical problems, including malignant diseases may be valuable in medical practice. In the study, we have used the Wilms’ tumor gene ( WT1) as a biomarker to evaluate its expression in local adult patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia, including both acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias (AML and ALL). Aim To investigate WT1 gene expression in adult patients with acute leukemia at diagnosis. Methods Eighteen patients with acute leukemia diagnosed at Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, between September, 2004 and July, 2005 were included in this study. There were fifteen AML and three ALL cases aged from 18 to 71 years old. Total RNA and DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Expression of WT1 was detected by nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (Nested RT-PCR). K562, and 3T3 cells were used as positive- and negative-controls. The results were revalidated using real-time PCR. HLA-A genotyping was performed using sequence specific oligonucleotide polymorphism (SSOP) analysis. Results WT1 gene was exclusively expressed in all eighteen, including three ALL and fifteen AML, patients. In contrast with WT1 gene, the HLA-A genotyping was remarkably heterogeneous in these patients. Conclusions WT1 gene expression was observed in local patients with acute leukemia at diagnosis. It may be used as a potential molecular marker for diagnosis, clinical progression of the diseases or monitoring the response to treatment, as well as a target for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Kang Lim
- Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608
| | - Yeow Tee Goh
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608
| | | | - Liam Pock Ho
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608
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13
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Park YS, Lee SH, Lim CK, Choi HW, An JH, Park CW, Lee HS, Lee JS, Seo JT. Paternal age as an independent factor does not affect embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes of testicular sperm extraction-intracytoplasmic sperm injection in azoospermia. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 28703337 DOI: 10.1111/and.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the independent influence of paternal age affecting embryo development and pregnancy using testicular sperm extraction (TESE)-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in obstructive azoospermia (OA) and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Paternal patients were divided into the following groups: ≤30 years, 31-35 years, 36-40 years, 41-45 years and ≥46 years. There were no differences in the rates of fertilisation or embryo quality according to paternal and maternal age. However, clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were significantly lower between those ≥46 years of paternal age compared with other age groups. Fertilisation rate was higher in the OA than the NOA, while embryo quality, pregnancy and delivery results were similar. Clinical pregnancy and implantation rates were significantly lower for patients ≥46 years of paternal age compared with younger age groups. In conclusion, fertilisation using TESE in azoospermia was not affected by the independent influence of paternal age; however, as maternal age increased concomitantly with paternal age, rates of pregnancy and delivery differed between those with paternal age <41 years and ≥46 years. Therefore, paternal age ≥46 years old should be considered when applying TESE-ICSI in cases of azoospermia, and patients should be advised of the associated low pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Park
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Developmental Biology and Physiology, School of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C K Lim
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H W Choi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H An
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C W Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Lee
- Department of Urology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Urology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J T Seo
- Department of Urology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Lee KH, Ng YP, Cheah PS, Lim CK, Toh MS. Molecular characterization of glycation-associated skin ageing: an alternative skin model to study in vitro antiglycation activity of topical cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical formulations. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:159-167. [PMID: 27363533 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycation is a nonenzymatic reaction that cross-links a sugar molecule and protein macromolecule to form advanced glycation products (AGEs) that are associated with various age-related disorders; thus glycation plays an important role in skin chronological ageing. OBJECTIVES To develop a novel in vitro skin glycation model as a screening tool for topical formulations with antiglycation properties and to further characterize, at the molecular level, the glycation stress-driven skin ageing mechanism. METHODS The glycation model was developed using human reconstituted full-thickness skin; the presence of Nε -(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) was used as evidence of the degree of glycation. Topical application of emulsion containing a well-known antiglycation compound (aminoguanidine) was used to verify the sensitivity and robustness of the model. Cytokine immunoassay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and histological analysis were further implemented to characterize the molecular mechanisms of skin ageing in the skin glycation model. RESULTS Transcriptomic and cytokine profiling analyses in the skin glycation model demonstrated multiple biological changes, including extracellular matrix catabolism, skin barrier function impairment, oxidative stress and subsequently the inflammatory response. Darkness and yellowness of skin tone observed in the in vitro skin glycation model correlated well with the degree of glycation stress. CONCLUSIONS The newly developed skin glycation model in this study has provided a new technological dimension in screening antiglycation properties of topical pharmaceutical or cosmeceutical formulations. This study concomitantly provides insights into skin ageing mechanisms driven by glycation stress, which could be useful in formulating skin antiageing therapy in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lee
- Wipro Skin Research and Innovation Centre, No. 7, Persiaran Subang Permai, Taman Perindustrian Subang, 47610, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y P Ng
- Wipro Skin Research and Innovation Centre, No. 7, Persiaran Subang Permai, Taman Perindustrian Subang, 47610, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P S Cheah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C K Lim
- Wipro Skin Research and Innovation Centre, No. 7, Persiaran Subang Permai, Taman Perindustrian Subang, 47610, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M S Toh
- Wipro Skin Research and Innovation Centre, No. 7, Persiaran Subang Permai, Taman Perindustrian Subang, 47610, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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de Bie J, Lim CK, Guillemin GJ. Progesterone Alters Kynurenine Pathway Activation in IFN-γ-Activated Macrophages - Relevance for Neuroinflammatory Diseases. Int J Tryptophan Res 2016; 9:89-93. [PMID: 27980422 PMCID: PMC5147515 DOI: 10.4137/ijtr.s40332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the kynurenine pathway (KP), the major biochemical pathway for tryptophan metabolism, is dysregulated in many inflammatory disorders that are often associated with sexual dimorphisms. We aimed to identify a potential functional interaction between the KP and gonadal hormones. We have treated primary human macrophages with progesterone in the presence and absence of inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (interferon-γ) that is known to be a potent inducer of regulating the KP enzyme. We found that progesterone attenuates interferon-γ-induced KP activity, decreases the levels of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid, and increases the neuroprotective kynurenic acid levels. We also showed that progesterone was able to reduce the inflammatory marker neopterin. These results may shed light on the gender disparity in response to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Bie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C K Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G J Guillemin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Fang M, Abolhassani H, Lim CK, Zhang J, Hammarström L. Next Generation Sequencing Data Analysis in Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders - Future Directions. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36 Suppl 1:68-75. [PMID: 26993986 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) comprise a group of highly heterogeneous immune system diseases and around 300 forms of PID have been described to date. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has recently become an increasingly used approach for gene identification and molecular diagnosis of human diseases. Herein we summarize the practical considerations for the interpretation of NGS data and the techniques for searching disease-related PID genes, and suggest future directions for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, -141 86, Stockholm, SE, Sweden.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, -141 86, Stockholm, SE, Sweden.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Che Kang Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, -141 86, Stockholm, SE, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | | | - Lennart Hammarström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, -141 86, Stockholm, SE, Sweden.
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Kreins AY, Ciancanelli MJ, Okada S, Kong XF, Ramírez-Alejo N, Kilic SS, El Baghdadi J, Nonoyama S, Mahdaviani SA, Ailal F, Bousfiha A, Mansouri D, Nievas E, Ma CS, Rao G, Bernasconi A, Sun Kuehn H, Niemela J, Stoddard J, Deveau P, Cobat A, El Azbaoui S, Sabri A, Lim CK, Sundin M, Avery DT, Halwani R, Grant AV, Boisson B, Bogunovic D, Itan Y, Moncada-Velez M, Martinez-Barricarte R, Migaud M, Deswarte C, Alsina L, Kotlarz D, Klein C, Muller-Fleckenstein I, Fleckenstein B, Cormier-Daire V, Rose-John S, Picard C, Hammarstrom L, Puel A, Al-Muhsen S, Abel L, Chaussabel D, Rosenzweig SD, Minegishi Y, Tangye SG, Bustamante J, Casanova JL, Boisson-Dupuis S. Human TYK2 deficiency: Mycobacterial and viral infections without hyper-IgE syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1641-62. [PMID: 26304966 PMCID: PMC4577846 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Kreins et al. report the identification and immunological characterization of a group of TYK2-deficient patients. Autosomal recessive, complete TYK2 deficiency was previously described in a patient (P1) with intracellular bacterial and viral infections and features of hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES), including atopic dermatitis, high serum IgE levels, and staphylococcal abscesses. We identified seven other TYK2-deficient patients from five families and four different ethnic groups. These patients were homozygous for one of five null mutations, different from that seen in P1. They displayed mycobacterial and/or viral infections, but no HIES. All eight TYK2-deficient patients displayed impaired but not abolished cellular responses to (a) IL-12 and IFN-α/β, accounting for mycobacterial and viral infections, respectively; (b) IL-23, with normal proportions of circulating IL-17+ T cells, accounting for their apparent lack of mucocutaneous candidiasis; and (c) IL-10, with no overt clinical consequences, including a lack of inflammatory bowel disease. Cellular responses to IL-21, IL-27, IFN-γ, IL-28/29 (IFN-λ), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) were normal. The leukocytes and fibroblasts of all seven newly identified TYK2-deficient patients, unlike those of P1, responded normally to IL-6, possibly accounting for the lack of HIES in these patients. The expression of exogenous wild-type TYK2 or the silencing of endogenous TYK2 did not rescue IL-6 hyporesponsiveness, suggesting that this phenotype was not a consequence of the TYK2 genotype. The core clinical phenotype of TYK2 deficiency is mycobacterial and/or viral infections, caused by impaired responses to IL-12 and IFN-α/β. Moreover, impaired IL-6 responses and HIES do not appear to be intrinsic features of TYK2 deficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Kreins
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael J Ciancanelli
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Satoshi Okada
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Xiao-Fei Kong
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Noé Ramírez-Alejo
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Sara Sebnem Kilic
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, 16059 Görükle, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Jamila El Baghdadi
- Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, 10100 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Shigeaki Nonoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Seyed Alireza Mahdaviani
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center; and Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital; National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 141556153 Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatima Ailal
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, King Hassan II University, CHU Ibn Rochd, 20000 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, King Hassan II University, CHU Ibn Rochd, 20000 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Davood Mansouri
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center; and Department of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital; National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 141556153 Tehran, Iran
| | - Elma Nievas
- Immunology Unit, Pediatric Hospital A. Fleming-OSEP, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Geetha Rao
- Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Immunology and Rheumatology Service, Garrahan Hospital, Buenos Aires 1408, Argentina
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center; and Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Julie Niemela
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center; and Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jennifer Stoddard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center; and Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Paul Deveau
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Safa El Azbaoui
- Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, 10100 Rabat, Morocco Faculty of Science-Kenitra, Ibn Tofaïl University, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Sabri
- Genetics Unit, Military Hospital Mohamed V, Hay Riad, 10100 Rabat, Morocco Faculty of Science-Kenitra, Ibn Tofaïl University, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Che Kang Lim
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856
| | - Mikael Sundin
- Pediatric Hematology/Immunology, Astrid Lindgrens Children's Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danielle T Avery
- Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Asthma Research Chair and Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Audrey V Grant
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Yuval Itan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Marcela Moncada-Velez
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Group of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia UdeA, 1226 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ruben Martinez-Barricarte
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Melanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Laia Alsina
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204 Baylor Institute for Immunology Research and Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204 Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona University, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, D-80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingrid Muller-Fleckenstein
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Fleckenstein
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Genetics, INSERM U1163, University Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite, Imagine Institute, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Capucine Picard
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lennart Hammarstrom
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Saleh Al-Muhsen
- Asthma Research Chair and Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Systems Biology Department, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center; and Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center; and Primary Immunodeficiency Clinic, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yoshiyuki Minegishi
- Department of Immune Regulation, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France Pediatric Immunology and Hematology Unit, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France University Paris Descartes, Imagine Institute, 75006 Paris, France
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Chen YF, Lim CK, Ruan SY, Jerng JS, Lin JW, Kuo PH, Wu HD, Yu CJ. Factors associated with adherence to low-tidal volume strategy for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome and their impacts on outcomes: an observational study and propensity analysis. Minerva Anestesiol 2014; 80:1158-1168. [PMID: 24569355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting adherence to the low-tidal volume (LTV) strategy in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and their impacts on outcomes. METHODS This prospective observational study included 111 patients with ALI/ARDS admitted to six intensive care units between March 2010 and February 2011. The patients were divided into the LTV group, which received a TV ≤7.5 mL/kg predicted body weight (PBW), and the non-LTV group, which received a TV >7.5 mL/kg PBW. We studied the association of selected clinical factors and adherence to the LTV strategy, and evaluated their impacts on 28-day mortality and 1-year mortality by the propensity-match process. RESULTS Adherence to the LTV strategy was only 44%, which was related to lung injury severity (odds ratio [OR]: 3.15, P=0.038), muscle relaxant use (OR: 3.28, P=0.031), and depth of sedation (OR: 0.65, P=0.008). Propensity score-based analysis showed that the LTV group had modestly better 28-day survival (P=0.081) and 1-year survival (P=0.067) than the non-LTV group. Moreover, muscle relaxant use was strongly associated with reducing the risk of death at both 28 days (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.122, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.027-0.542, P=0.006) and 1 year ([HR]: 0.111, 95% [CI]: 0.030-0.408, P=0.001). CONCLUSION Adherence to the LTV strategy was strongly associated with the lung injury score, muscle relaxant use, and depth of sedation. Propensity score-based analysis showed that the use of LTV ventilation and muscle relaxants reduced 28-day and 1-year mortality in ALI/ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou City, Yunlin County, Taiwan -
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Liu Y, Tham CK, Ong SYK, Ho KS, Lim JF, Chew MH, Lim CK, Zhao Y, Tang CL, Eu KW. Serum methylation levels of TAC1. SEPT9 and EYA4 as diagnostic markers for early colorectal cancers: a pilot study. Biomarkers 2014; 18:399-405. [PMID: 23862763 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2013.798745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify methylated genes in serum with diagnostic potentials for early colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Serum methylation levels of up to 12 genes were measured in two sets of serum samples with the second set from 26 stage I CRC patients and 26 age/gender-matched controls. RESULTS Serum methylation levels of TAC1, SEPT9, and EYA4 were significant discriminants between stage I CRC and healthy controls. Combination of TAC1 and SEPT9 rendered 73.1% sensitivity with 92.3% specificity. CONCLUSION Serum methylation levels of TAC1. SEPT9 and EYA4 may be useful biomarkers for early detection of CRC though a validation study is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
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Willis CL, Lim CK, Peters TJ. Separation of ribonucleotides, deoxynucleotides, cyclic nucleotides and deoxycyclic nucleotides by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 4:247-52. [PMID: 16867620 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(86)80046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/1984] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase gradient elution system with methanol-triethylammonium phosphate buffer (83.3 mM, pH 6.0) as eluent on C(18)-bonded silica is described for the separation of 38 ribonucleotides, deoxynucleotides, cyclic nucleotides and deoxycyclic nucleotides in less than 33 min. The retention of the nucleotides can be precisely controlled by adjusting the pH, buffer concentration and methanol content in the mobile phase. The system is especially useful for the analysis of low levels of cyclic nucleotides in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Willis
- Division of Clinical Cell Biology, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, UK
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Kitshoff AM, McClure V, Lim CK, Kirberger RM. Bilateral multiple cystic kidney disease and renal cortical abscess in a Boerboel. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2011; 82:120-4. [PMID: 22135926 DOI: 10.4102/jsava.v82i2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic renal disease is rare in dogs and although infected renal cysts have been reported in humans, no report could be found in dogs. A 58 kg, 5-year-old, castrated, male Boerboel presented with weight loss, pyrexia, lethargy and vomiting, 20 months after an incident of haematuria was reported. The initial ultrasonographic diagnosis was bilateral multiple renal cysts of unknown aetiology. The cysts had significantly increased in size over the 20-month period and some contained echogenic specks which could be related to infection, normal cellular debris or haemorrhage. In both kidneys the renal contours were distorted (the left more than the right). The abnormal shape of the left kidney was largely due to multiple cysts and a large crescent-shaped septate mass on the cranial pole of the kidney. Aspirates of the septate mass were performed (left kidney) and the cytology and culture were indicative of an abscess. It is suggested that the previous incident of haematuria provided a portal of entry for bacteria into the cysts resulting in renal cortical abscess formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kitshoff
- Section Small Animal Surgery, Department Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
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Lee HS, Kim MJ, Lim CK, Cho JW, Song IO, Kang IS. Multiple displacement amplification for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of fragile X syndrome. Genet Mol Res 2011; 10:2851-9. [PMID: 22095609 DOI: 10.4238/2011.november.17.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has become an assisted reproductive technique for couples that have genetic risks. Despite the many advantages provided by PGD, there are several problems, including amplification failure, allele drop-out and amplification inefficiency. We evaluated multiple displacement amplification (MDA) for PGD of the fragile X syndrome. Whole genome amplification was performed using MDA. MDA products were subjected to fluorescent PCR of fragile X mental retardation-1 (FMR1) CGG repeats, amelogenin and two polymorphic markers. In the pre-clinical tests, the amplification rates of the FMR1 CGG repeat, DXS1215 and FRAXAC1 were 84.2, 87.5 and 75.0%, respectively, while the allele dropout rates were 31.3, 57.1 and 50.0%, respectively. In two PGD treatment cycles, 20 embryos among 30 embryos were successfully diagnosed as 10 normal embryos, four mutated embryos and six heterozygous carriers. Three healthy embryos were transferred to the uterus; however, no clinical pregnancy was achieved. Our data indicate that MDA and fluorescent PCR with four loci can be successfully applied to PGD for fragile X syndrome. Advanced methods for amplification of minuscule amounts of DNA could improve the sensitivity and reliability of PGD for complicated single gene disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-S Lee
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology and Infertility, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Chua AWC, Gan SU, Ting Y, Fu Z, Lim CK, Song C, Sabapathy K, Phan TT. Keloid fibroblasts are more sensitive to Wnt3a treatment in terms of elevated cellular growth and fibronectin expression. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 64:199-209. [PMID: 22005028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests the potential role of Wnt signalling in keloids pathogenesis but such literature remains scanty. We hypothesize that Wnt signalling is upregulated in keloid fibroblasts (KFs) and this promotes cellular growth, migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in such fibroblasts. OBJECTIVES To verify the downregulation of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1), a Wnt inhibitor and test KFs sensitivity to Wnt3a treatment compared to NFs in terms of activation of Wnt/β-catenin, cellular growth, migration and ECM expressions. Next, to investigate if ectopic expression of SFRP1 and treatment of quercetin in KFs can reverse their phenotypes. METHODS Quantitative Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to verify SFRP1 expression in NFs and KFs. The fibroblasts were tested with Wnt3a conditioned media and its effects were tested for (1) the cells' sensitivity to direct Wnt signalling via the activation of TCF reporter assay and protein expression of β-catenin, (2) cellular growth, (3) cell migration and (4) expressions of ECM components. Finally KFs were stably transduced with SFRP1 and treated with 2 doses of quercetin. RESULTS Lower levels of SFRP1 were confirmed at mRNA and protein levels in KFs which partly explained their sensitivity to Wnt3a treatment in terms of higher Wnt activation, cellular growth and fibronectin expression. Interestingly, Wnt3a did not promote higher cell migration rate and increase in collagen I expression. Ectopic expression of SFRP1 and quercetin treatment was able to mitigate Wnt3a-mediated phenotype of KFs. CONCLUSIONS Using SFRP1 or inhibitors of Wnt signalling might be one of the therapeutic solutions to treat keloid scarring.
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Gorchein A, Lord G, Lim CK. Isolation and characterization of free haem from the shell gland of quail and hen. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:355-7. [PMID: 21678459 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Free haem was isolated from the shell gland of the quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, and of the fowl, Galinus domesticus, and characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Quantification by HPLC gave values of 1.17-1.40 nmol/mg quail shell gland protein for haem, 1.66-2.17 nmol/mg protein for protoporphyrin and 0.25-0.40 nmol/mg protein for biliverdin. Possible implications of this previously unreported finding are discussed but they are not considered incompatible with the conclusion that all eggshell pigments are endogenously synthesized in the oviduct system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gorchein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
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Abstract
Copper-resistant strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Pseudomonas cichorii, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and a yellow Pseudomonas sp. were isolated from tomato plants or seeds. In Southern hybridizations, DNA from each strain showed homology with the copper resistance (cop) operon previously cloned from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato PT23. Homology was associated with plasmid and chromosomal DNA in X. compestris pv. vesicatoria, P. putida, and the yellow Pseudomonas sp. Homology was detected only in the chromosomal DNA of P. cichorii and P. fluorescens. Homology with cop was also detected in chromosomal DNA from copper-sensitive strains of P. cichorii, P. fluorescens, and P. syringae pv. tomato, suggesting that the cop homolog may be indigenous to certain Pseudomonas species and have some function other than copper resistance. No homology was detected in DNA from a copper-sensitive X. campestris pv. vesicatoria strain. Copper-inducible protein products were detected in each copper-resistant bacterium by immunoblot analysis with antibodies raised to the CopB protein from the cop operon. The role of the homologous DNA in copper resistance was confirmed for the X. campestris pv. vesicatoria strain by cloning and transferring the cop homolog to a copper-sensitive strain of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. The possibility and implications of copper resistance gene exchange between different species and genera of pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria on tomato plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Cooksey
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0122
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Abstract
Detailed chemical studies on the roots of Piper sarmentosum and Piper nigrum have resulted in several alkaloids. The roots of P. sarmentosum gave a new aromatic compound, 1-nitrosoimino-2,4,5-trimethoxybenzene (1). Piper nigrum roots gave pellitorine (2), (E)-1-[3',4'-(methylenedioxy)cinnamoyl]piperidine (3), 2,4-tetradecadienoic acid isobutyl amide (4), piperine (5), sylvamide (6), cepharadione A (7), piperolactam D (8) and paprazine (9). Structural elucidation of these compounds was achieved through NMR and MS techniques. Cytotoxic activity screening of the plant extracts indicated some activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C L Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Fong SL, Zhang JT, Lim CK, Eu KW, Liu Y. Comparison of 7 Methods for Extracting Cell-Free DNA from Serum Samples of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Clin Chem 2009; 55:587-9. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siew Lee Fong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ji Tuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Che Kang Lim
- Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kong Weng Eu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Dorai AA, Lim CK, Fareha AC, Halim AS. Cultured epidermal autografts in combination with MEEK Micrografting technique in the treatment of major burn injuries. Med J Malaysia 2008; 63 Suppl A:44. [PMID: 19024976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of major burn injuries are a formidable challenge to the burn surgeon. Early aggressive surgery for deep to full thickness burn injuries is vital in the prevention of infection. The ultimate goal in major burn injuries is to prevent the onset of multi-resistant organisms and achieve early wound cover. The field of tissue engineering can help to expedite the healing of these burn wounds. The development of keratinocyte culture delivery system can be used clinically to fasten the healing process and save many lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Dorai
- Reconstructive Sciences/Burns Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Abstract
AIMS To study the gene profile in cord blood (CB)-associated megakaryopoiesis. METHODS In vitro differentiation of megakaryocytes (Mks) was carried out using human CB CD34(+) cells under the stimulation of recombinant human interleukin-3, stem cell factor and thrombopoietin for 7 d, followed by thrombopoietin only for further 3 d. Lineage-specific differentiation of Mk was examined by the expression of CD41 using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Total cellular RNA was extracted from day-0 CD34(+), day-10 CD41(+) and CD41(-) populations were isolated by immunomagnetic sorting respectively. Microarray was performed, and the data were analyzed using the GeneChip Operating System, Spotfire software and Genomatix BiblioSphere. RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis showed 19.44 +/- 3.05% CD41(+) cells at day 10 of culture. The purity of CD41(+) population was enriched to 95.70 +/- 4.19% after sorting. Gene expression profiling revealed an upregulation of 285 and downregulation of 53 unique genes in the CD41(+) cells compared with CD41(-) and CD34(+) cells. Platelet-associated genes, such as thrombospondin 1, platelet glycoprotein IIIa, etc., were highly expressed in CD41(+) cells but not in CD41(-) cells and CD34(+) cells. Moreover, some genes that have not been reported to be associated with CB-derived megakaryopoiesis, such as Cbl-interacting proteins Sts-1, protocadherin 21, etc., are found to be highly expressed in the CD41(+) cells from this study. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a global gene expression profile of in vitro human CB-derived megakaryopoiesis at day 10. Some of these genes may play regulatory roles during the development of CB-derived megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Kang Lim
- Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Rideout JM, Ayres DC, Lim CK, Peters TJ. Determination of etoposide (VP16-213) and teniposide (VM-26) in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 2:125-8. [PMID: 16867774 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(84)80098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/1983] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Rideout
- Division of Clinical Cell Biology, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK
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Lim CK, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR. Protection against hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity in Friedreich's ataxia fibroblasts using novel iron chelators of the 2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone class. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 74:225-35. [PMID: 18424550 DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.046847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-loading diseases remain an important problem because of the toxicity of iron-catalyzed redox reactions. Iron loading occurs in the mitochondria of Friedreich's ataxia (FA) patients and may play a role in its pathogenesis. This suggests that iron chelation therapy could be useful. We developed previously the lipophilic iron chelators known as the 2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PCIH) ligands and identified 2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde 2-thiophenecarboxyl hydrazone (PCTH) as the most promising analog. Hence, this study assessed the efficacy of PCTH and other PCIH analogs compared with various chelators, including deferiprone and desferrioxamine (DFO). Age- and sex-matched control and FA fibroblasts were preincubated with iron chelators and subsequently challenged with 50 microM H2O2 for up to 24 h. The current study demonstrates an interesting structure-activity relationship among the closely related PCIH series of ligands, with only PCTH being highly effective at preventing H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. PCTH increased FA fibroblast cell viability by up to 70%, whereas DFO rescued viability by 1 to 5% only. Hence, PCTH, which was well tolerated by cells was far more effective than DFO at preventing oxidative stress. It is noteworthy that kinetic studies demonstrated PCTH to rapidly penetrate cells to induce 59Fe efflux, whereas DFO, PCIH, 2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone, and 2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde m-bromobenzoyl hydrazone were far slower, indicating it is the rate of chelator permeation that is crucial for protection against H2O2. In addition, PCTH was found to be as effective as or more effective than conventional radical scavengers or the antioxidant idebenone (which has undergone clinical trials) at protecting cells against H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity. These findings further indicate the potential of PCTH for treatment of iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lim
- Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Lee HS, Kim MJ, Lim CK, Cho JW, Jun JH, Kim JY, Koong MK, Song IO, Kang IS. 7.003 Successful outcomes in 36 cycles of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for 12 kinds of single gene disorders. Reprod Biomed Online 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kim MJ, Lim CK, Cho JW, Jun JH, Kim JY, Koong MK, Song IO, Kang IS, Lee HS. 11.003 Developmental competence of fresh and frozen–thawed embryos after biopsy of two blastomeres in preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Lim CK, Tan JTM, Ravichandran A, Chan YC, Ton SH. Comparison of PCR-based genotyping methods for hepatitis B virus. Malays J Pathol 2007; 29:79-90. [PMID: 19108399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is classified into eight genotypes (A to H). In this study, three genotyping methods were compared for their sensitivity and accuracy, namely PCR-RFLP on the S region, PCR-RFLP on the pre-S region and nested PCR with type specific primers. Sixty HBV samples from infected sera were genotyped. The nested PCR with type specific primers was found to be the most sensitive and produced substantial numbers of co-infections by genotypes B and C. The sensitivities for both PCR-RFLP methods were lower and did not reveal co-infections. Generally, the three methods produced consistent genotyping results in samples infected by single genotypes but for co-infections by genotypes B and C, the two PCR-RFLP methods yielded only single genotypic results. For the cases of single genotypic infections, genotypes ascertained by sequencing were in concordance across all three methods. However, when co-infections occurred, PCR analysis on clones revealed only single genotypic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lim
- School of Arts and Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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35
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Lim CK, Goh YT, Hwang WYK, Ho LP, Sun L. Studies of Wilms' Tumor (WT1) Gene Expression in Adult Acute Leukemias in Singapore. Biomark Insights 2007; 2:293-8. [PMID: 19662212 PMCID: PMC2717842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Biomarkers provide certain values for diagnosis, monitor treatment efficacy, or for the development of novel therapeutic approach for particular diseases. Thus, the identification of specific of biomarkers for specific medical problems, including malignant diseases may be valuable in medical practice. In the study, we have used the Wilms' tumor gene (WT1) as a biomarker to evaluate its expression in local adult patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia, including both acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias (AML and ALL). AIM To investigate WT1 gene expression in adult patients with acute leukemia at diagnosis. METHODS Eighteen patients with acute leukemia diagnosed at Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, between September, 2004 and July, 2005 were included in this study. There were fifteen AML and three ALL cases aged from 18 to 71 years old. Total RNA and DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Expression of WT1 was detected by nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (Nested RT-PCR). K562, and 3T3 cells were used as positive- and negative-controls. The results were revalidated using real-time PCR. HLA-A genotyping was performed using sequence specific oligonucleotide polymorphism (SSOP) analysis. RESULTS WT1 gene was exclusively expressed in all eighteen, including three ALL and fifteen AML, patients. In contrast with WT1 gene, the HLA-A genotyping was remarkably heterogeneous in these patients. CONCLUSIONS WT1 gene expression was observed in local patients with acute leukemia at diagnosis. It may be used as a potential molecular marker for diagnosis, clinical progression of the diseases or monitoring the response to treatment, as well as a target for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liam Pock Ho
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Clinical Research,Correspondence: Dr Li Sun (M. Med; M.D.), Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608. Tel: (65) 6326 5368; Fax: (65) 6225 7796;
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Lim CK, Halim AS, Lau HY, Ujang Z, Hazri A. In vitro cytotoxicology model of oligo-chitosan and n, o-carboxymethyl chitosan using primary normal human epidermal keratinocyte cultures. J Appl Biomater Biomech 2007; 5:82-87. [PMID: 20799177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (beta-1, 4-D-glucosamine) is a deacetylated form of chitin with excellent biological properties in wound management. The natural properties of chitosan have the physical and chemical limitations to be widely used in biomedical fields. The improvement of the physical and chemical properties of chitosan with some additional chemicals will alter its biocompatibility. Therefore, the biological attribute of the modified chitosan must be evaluated. In this study, the cytotoxicity of oligo-chitosan (OC) and N, O- carboxymethyl-chitosan (NO-CMC) derivatives (O-C 1%, O-C 5%, NO-CMC 1% and NO-CMC 5%) was evaluated using primary normal human epidermal keratinocyte (pNHEK) cultures as an in vitro toxicology model at standardized cell passages (fourth passages). 3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was used as a cell viability assay. The O-C 1% is one of the most compatible chitosan derivatives because it steadily sustained >70% of viable cells until 72 hr post-treatment. This was followed by O-C 5%, NO-CMC 5% and NO-CMC 1%. Therefore, oligo-chitosan had the ideal properties of a biocompatible material compared to N, O- carboxymethyl-chitosan in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lim
- Reconstructive Sciences Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan - Malaysia
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Abstract
A new tetraoxygenated xanthone, daphnifolin (1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone), along with three other xanthones, were isolated from the stem bark extracts of Mesua daphnifolia. Their structures were characterized on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C L Ee
- Department of Chemistry, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Abstract
In the authors' continuing search for new natural products, their recent studies on the roots of Calophyllum inophyllum (Guttiferae) have yielded a new prenylated pyranoxanthone, Inophyllin A together with the common triterpenes friedelin and stigmasterol. Structural elucidations of these compounds were achieved through (1)H, (13)C, DEPT, COSY, HSQC and HMBC experiments. The molecular mass was determined using MS techniques. The authors report here the isolation of and structural elucidation for Inophyllin A as well as its toxicity test result. The discovery of this new natural product from the unexploited Malaysian forest will certainly contribute to the search for potential natural larvicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C L Ee
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science & Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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39
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Ee GCL, Lim CK, Rahmat A, Lee HL. Cytotoxic activities of chemical constituents from Mesua daphnifolia. Trop Biomed 2005; 22:99-102. [PMID: 16883274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Detail chemical investigations on the stem bark of Mesua daphnifolia gave three triterpenoids and four xanthones. They are friedelin (1), friedelan-1,3-dione (2), lup-20(29)- en-3ss-ol (3), cudraxanthone G (4), ananixanthone (5), 1,3,5-trihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone (6) and euxanthone (7). These chemical constituents were tested in vitro for their cytotoxic activities against four cell lines, MDA-MB-231 (human estrogen receptor negative breast cancer), HeLa (cervical carcinoma), CEM-SS (T-lymphoblastic leukemia) and CaOV3 (human ovarian cancer). Compound 4 showed a broad spectrum of activity against the MDA-MB-231, HeLa and CEM-SS cell lines with IC5 0 values of 1.3, 4.0 and 6.7 microg/ml respectively. Meanwhile, the other compounds 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 gave only selective activities against the cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C L Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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40
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Abstract
More than 30 years ago it was reported that rodent Harderian glands contained a tricarboxylic acid porphyrin, which the authors named Harderoporphyrin. The recent finding in rat Harderian glands of the porphyrin glycoconjugate, protoporphyrin-1-O-acyl-beta-xyloside as a major component led to scrutiny of earlier publications. It became apparent that the results were flawed and that the conclusions were unsustainable. The procedural artefacts which led to the errors are discussed and their bases are demonstrated experimentally. Harderoporphyrin as originally defined never existed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gorchein
- MRC Bioanalytical Science Group, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
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41
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Lee HS, Choi HY, Lim CK, Jun JH, Koong MK, Kang IS. O▪73 PGD for seven kinds of single gene disorders. Reprod Biomed Online 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(11)60294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jones DJL, Lamb JH, Verschoyle RD, Howells LM, Butterworth M, Lim CK, Ferry D, Farmer PB, Gescher AJ. Characterisation of metabolites of the putative cancer chemopreventive agent quercetin and their effect on cyclo-oxygenase activity. Br J Cancer 2004; 91:1213-9. [PMID: 15292928 PMCID: PMC2747694 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavone with putative ability to prevent cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Its metabolism was evaluated in rats and human. Rats received quercetin via the intravenous (i.v.) route and metabolites were isolated from the plasma, urine and bile. Analysis was by high-performance liquid chromatography and confirmation of species identity was achieved by mass spectrometry. Quercetin and isorhamnetin, the 3′-O-methyl analogue, were found in both the plasma and urine. In addition, several polar peaks were characterised as sulphated and glucuronidated conjugates of quercetin and isorhamnetin. Extension of the metabolism studies to a cancer patient who had received quercetin as an i.v. bolus showed that (Quercetin removed) isorhamnetin and quercetin 3′-O-sulphate were major plasma metabolites. As a catechol, quercetin can potentially be converted to a quinone and subsequently conjugated with glutathione (GSH). Oxidation of quercetin with mushroom tyrosinase in the presence of GSH furnished GSH conjugates of quercetin, two mono- and one bis-substituted conjugates. However, these species were not found in biomatrices in rats treated with quercetin. As cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is mechanistically linked to carcinogenesis, we examined whether quercetin and its metabolites can inhibit COX-2 in a human colorectal cancer cell line (HCA-7). Isorhamnetin and its 4′-isomer tamarixetin were potent inhibitors, reflected in a 90% decrease in prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) levels, a marker of COX-2 activity. Quercetin was less effective, with a 50% decline. Quercetin 3- and 7-O-sulphate had no effect on PGE-2. The results indicate that quercetin may exert its pharmacological effects, at least in part, via its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J L Jones
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Department of Biochemistry, Biocentre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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Sun L, Tan P, Yap C, Hwang W, Koh LP, Lim CK, Aw SE. In vitro biological characteristics of human cord blood-derived megakaryocytes. Ann Acad Med Singap 2004; 33:570-5. [PMID: 15531951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Umbilical cord blood (CB) has been used as an alternative source for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in recent years. However, delayed platelet recovery is frequently associated with CB HSCT. Megakaryocytes (Mk) are the specialised precursors of platelets and they are among the rarest haemopoietic cell types. Despite the rapid expansion of our knowledge of megakaryopoiesis in recent years, many questions, such as the molecular regulatory mechanisms in Mk differentiation and maturation, platelet formation and release, remain unanswered in CB-derived megakaryopoiesis. Variations can be seen from the literature by individual investigators using different approaches for Mk-specific differentiation and maturation induction. The development of in vitro culture methods to obtain sufficient numbers of Mks from readily available haematopoietic stem cells is of value for both basic research and clinical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CD34+ cells from cord blood samples were cultured in serum-free medium with haematopoietic growth factors (GFs), such as IL-3, stem cell factor (SCF), and thrombopoietin (Tpo). The differentiation of Mk was monitored using Mk- and platelet-specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometric analysis. The morphology of the cultured cells was studied by both light and electronic microscopy (LM and EM). The involvement of the human Notch gene family members was studied by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Maturation of the cultured Mks was studied using flow cytometric analysis for both platelet-specific surface markers and enodomitosis. Platelet activation was assessed in the cytoplasmic fragments harvested from the cultures. RESULTS Specific Mk differentiation of >70% resulted from a 2-step culture approach using IL-3, SCF and Tpo for 7 days followed by Tpo only for another 14 days. RT-PCR showed high-level expression of both Notch-1 and its ligand, Jagged-1, in the cultured Mks. Limited levels of polyploidy (>4N, endomitosis, EnM) were observed in the cultured Mks. The results also showed that the cytoplasmic fragments from the cultures responded to platelet activation reagents, including ADP and collagen, marked by upregulation of platelet-specific activation markers, such as CD62P (P-selectin) and PAC-1 (gpalphaIIbbeta3). CONCLUSION The methods used in this study are specific for differentiation of Mk from CB CD34+ cell, which can partially mature and produce functional platelets in vitro. This approach for human Mk differentiation could be further optimised and may be adapted on larger scales for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sun
- Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
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Lim CK, Wong WP, Lee SML, Chew SF, Ip YK. The ammonotelic African lungfish, Protopterus dolloi, increases the rate of urea synthesis and becomes ureotelic after feeding. J Comp Physiol B 2004; 174:555-64. [PMID: 15316727 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-004-0444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the role of urea synthesis in the slender African lungfish Protopterus dolloi in detoxifying ammonia after feeding. There were significant increases in the rate of ammonia excretion in P. dolloi between hours 6 and 15 after feeding. Simultaneously, there were significant increases in urea excretion rates between hours 3 and 18. Consequently, the percentage of total nitrogen (N) excreted as urea N increased to approximately 60% between hours 12 and 21 post-feeding. Hence, after feeding, the normally ammonotelic P. dolloi became ureotelic. Approximately 41% of the N intake from food was excreted within 24 h by P. dolloi, 55% of which was in the form of urea N. At hour 12 post-feeding, the accumulation of urea N was greater than the accumulation of ammonia N in various tissues, which indicates that feeding led to an increase in the rate of urea synthesis. This is contrary to results reported previously on the infusion of ammonia into the peritoneal cavity of the marine dogfish shark, in which a significant portion of the exogenous ammonia was excreted as ammonia. In contrast, feeding is more likely to induce urea synthesis, which is energy intensive, because feeding provides an ample supply of energy resources and leads to the production of ammonia intracellularly in the liver. The capacity of P. dolloi to synthesize urea effectively prevented a postprandial surge in the plasma ammonia level as reported elsewhere for other non-ureogenic teleosts. However, there was a significant increase in the glutamine content in the brain at hour 24, indicating that the brain had to defend against ammonia toxicity after feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lim
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117543 Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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Yi G, Nicholson WAP, Lim CK, Chapman JN, McVitie S, Wilkinson CDW. A new design of specimen stage for in situ magnetising experiments in the transmission electron microscope. Ultramicroscopy 2004; 99:65-72. [PMID: 15013514 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3991(03)00148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2003] [Revised: 05/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new stage for carrying out in situ magnetising experiments in the transmission electron microscope has been designed, constructed and tested. The principal advantages of the stage are that it delivers horizontal fields with negligible perturbation to the illumination and is suitable for operation in pulsed or continuous field mode. Details of its performance, including field calibration, are given. The paper concludes with a description of where the stage is likely to be of most use.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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46
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Lim CK, Yew KM, Ng KH, Abdullah BJJ. A proposed hierarchical fuzzy inference system for the diagnosis of arthritic diseases. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 2002; 25:144-50. [PMID: 12416592 DOI: 10.1007/bf03178776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Development of computer-based medical inference systems is always confronted with some difficulties. In this paper, difficulties of designing an inference system for the diagnosis of arthritic diseases are described, including variations of disease manifestations under various situations and conditions. Furthermore, the need for a huge knowledge base would result in low efficiency of the inference system. We proposed a hierarchical model of the fuzzy inference system as a possible solution. With such a model, the diagnostic process is divided into two levels. The first level of the diagnosis reduces the scope of diagnosis to be processed by the second level. This will reduce the amount of input and mapping for the whole diagnostic process. Fuzzy relational theory is the core of this system and it is used in both levels to improve the accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lim
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Abstract
The in vitro metabolism of toremifene has been studied in liver microsomal preparations from rat, mouse and human sources using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESIMS). The metabolites detected were N-desmethyltoremifene (m/z 392), 4-hydroxytoremifene (m/z 422), 4'-hydroxytoremifene (m/z 422) and toremifene N-oxide m/z 422). In addition, a new polar metabolite with a protonated molecule at m/z 422 has been detected in all three species. The compound was identified by tandem MS-MS as alpha-hydroxytoremifene, an analogue of alpha-hydroxytamoxifen. The results showed that alpha-hydroxylation is a common feature of tamoxifen and toremifene metabolism and that alpha-hydroxytamoxifen is unlikely to be the reactive metabolite responsible for the hepatocarcinogenesis in rat, as widely believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell M Jones
- MRC Bioanalytical Science Group, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, UK
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Razzaque MA, Lord GA, Lim CK. Amino acid and peptide conjugates of protoporphyrin: preparation and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2002; 16:1675-1679. [PMID: 12203235 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid and peptide conjugates of protoporphyrin have been prepared by reacting protoporphyringen with cysteine, glutathione and peptides containing a free thiol group under acidic conditions. The conjugates were formed by the addition of the thioamino acids or peptides to the vinyl groups of protoporphyrin during the autoxidation of protoporphyinogen to protoporphyrin and is free-radical-mediated. The conjugates were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterized by HPLC/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). All the conjugates formed were diconjugates consisting of diastereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Razzaque
- MRC Bioanalytical Science Group, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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Lim CK, Jun JH, Min DM, Song GJ, Park YS, Kim JY, Song JH, Koong MK, Kang IS. O-42. Reliability of PGD with FISH analysis in reciprocal or Robertsonian translocation carriers. Reprod Biomed Online 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(12)60061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
A capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) method for the rapid analysis of the major alkaloids (arecoline and guavacoline) in areca nut extract is described. Areca nuts were pulverized and then extracted with water by sonication in a water bath. After centrifugation, the supernatant was analysed on a fused-silica capillary with 100 mM ammonium acetate-acetic acid (pH 4.6) as the running buffer at a voltage of 20 kV and temperature of 30 degrees C. The method is applicable to the analysis of alkaloids in the nut, commercial preparations (pan masala) and in the saliva of areca nut chewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Lord
- MRC Bioanalytical Science Group, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
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