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Li Y, Zhang GN, Fang XP, Zhao C, Wu HY, Lan YX, Che L, Sun YK, Lv JY, Zhang YG, Pan CF. Effects of replacing soybean meal with pumpkin seed cake and dried distillers grains with solubles on milk performance and antioxidant functions in dairy cows. Animal 2021; 15:100004. [PMID: 33526406 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pumpkin seed cake (PSC), a byproduct of pumpkin seed oil processing, is used in ruminant feed as a beneficial protein source. Experiments were conducted to evaluate PSC as a substitute for soybean meal in the diets of lactating cows based on performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant function and nitrogen partitioning. Six multiparous lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment with 27-day periods. The cows were randomly divided into three treatment groups: group (1) was fed a diet containing no PSC (0PSC), and groups (2) and (3) were fed diets in which soybean meal was replaced with PSC and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) at levels of 50% (50PSC) and 100% (100PSC), respectively. The diets were isonitrogenous and contained identical roughage but different proportions of PSC and DDGS. Replacement of soybean meal with PSC and DDGS did not influence rumen degradation, milk performance, rumen fermentation, DM intake or apparent total tract digestibility, and nitrogen partitioning between milk, feces and urine did not differ in the animals fed the three diets. However, compared with a diet containing no PSC, the total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) and antioxidant enzymes (total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) activities (P < 0.05) were increased in the animals that received the 50PSC and 100PSC diets. In contrast, addition of PSC significantly reduced concentrations of aspartate transaminase (P < 0.05), alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (P < 0.05) in the plasma. These results demonstrate that PSC can be completely substituted for soybean meal in the diet of dairy cows without any negative impact on milk performance, rumen fermentation or apparent digestibility and that this dietary change improves antioxidant functions and blood parameters in dairy cows, indicating that PSC has the potential for use as a feed source for dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - G N Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - X P Fang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - C Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - H Y Wu
- Jinlin City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin 130033, PR China
| | - Y X Lan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - L Che
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Y K Sun
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - J Y Lv
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Y G Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - C F Pan
- Heilongjiang Technical Appraisal Station of Agricultural Products, Veterinary Pharmaceuticals and Feed, Harbin 150036, PR China
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Lin CJ, Pan CF, Chuang CK, Liu HL, Sun FJ, Wang TJ, Chen HH, Wu CJ. Gastrointestinal-related uremic toxins in peritoneal dialysis: a pilot study with a 5-year follow-up. Arch Med Res 2013; 44:535-41. [PMID: 24055267 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS P-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) were not only novel but essential factors associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis. However, little evidence exams the effect in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. METHODS This pilot study recruited 46 stable PD patients in a single medical center. Serum levels of IS, PCS and biochemistry were measured concurrently. Clinical outcomes including cardiovascular, all-cause mortality and PD failure event were recorded during a 5-year follow-up. RESULTS Serum levels of free and total PCS were lower in patients with residual renal function (11.67 ± 6.92, p = 0.014, 0.77 ± 0.48, p = 0.046, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed age (HR: 1.07, p = 0.01), serum CO2 (HR: 0.67, p = 0.02) and total PCS (HR: 1.05, p <0.01) were independently associated with cardiovascular events; only free PCS (HR: 1.42, p <0.01) reached significant correlation with all-cause mortality. Total IS (HR: 1.27, p = 0.03) significantly correlated with PD failure event after adjusting other confounding factors. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with higher total and free PCS levels had higher cardiovascular events (log rank p <0.01, log rank p = 0.05, respectively) and mortality event (log rank p = 0.02, log rank p = 0.03, respectively) than those with lower levels. In addition, total IS (log rank p = 0.04), total PCS (log rank p = 0.01) and free PCS (log rank p <0.01) could independently predict PD failure event during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest PCS and IS may be a valuable surrogate in predicting poor clinical outcomes in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-jui Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pan CF, Wu CJ, Chen HH, Dang CW, Chang FM, Liu HF, Chu CC, Lin M, Lee YJ. Molecular analysis of HLA-DRB1 allelic associations with systemic lupus erythematous and lupus nephritis in Taiwan. Lupus 2009; 18:698-704. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203308101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–DRB1 alleles with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) in the Taiwanese population, and to investigate the possible association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with disease severity in LN. HLA-DRB1 alleles were studied in 105 SLE patients (82 patients with LN, 23 patients without LN) and 855 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction and sequence-based typing assays. The frequency of the HLA class II alleles DRB1*0301 (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31–3.10, Pc = 0.02) and DRB1*1501 (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.36–3.13, Pc = 0.01) were both increased in SLE patients, compared to healthy controls. The frequency of DRB1*1202 was significantly lower in LN patients than in SLE patients without nephritis (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.09–0.57, Pc = 0.01). No specific allele was significantly associated with an increased or decreased risk for severity of LN in this sample. In Taiwanese people, the DRB1*0301 and DRB1*1501 alleles are significant risk factors for SLE, while the DRB1*1202 allele is protective for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- CF Pan
- Departments of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Departments of Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - CJ Wu
- Departments of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - HH Chen
- Departments of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - CW Dang
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - FM Chang
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - HF Liu
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - CC Chu
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - M Lin
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - YJ Lee
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
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Weston A, Pan CF, Bleiweiss IJ, Ksieski HB, Roy N, Maloney N, Wolff MS. CYP17 genotype and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7:941-4. [PMID: 9796640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The MspAI polymorphism in the 5' untranslated region of CYP17 has been evaluated as a breast cancer risk factor in a hospital-based case-control study in New York City. The study population consisted of 363 women [123 breast cancer patients and 240 patient controls (123 benign breast disease without atypical hyperplasia, 117 women without breast disease)]. There were 224 Caucasians (76 cases, 148 controls), 55 African-Americans (20 cases, 35 controls) and 84 Hispanics (27 cases, 57 controls); 142 premenopausal women and 221 postmenopausal women. Consistent with a previous report (Feigelson et al., Cancer Res., 57: 1063-1065, 1997) we found no evidence to implicate the minor variant (restriction site present allele, designated A2) as a breast cancer risk factor. Furthermore, we sought evidence to implicate the minor variant of CYP17 in the development of more aggressive breast cancers (n = 38/121) as had been reported previously. Although confidence intervals (CI) overlap, the data presented here do not provide support for previously reported findings (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.4-2.0; n = 38 versus odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1-5.2; n = 40). Clearly this question needs to be resolved in a larger study. No evidence was found to support the contention that inheritance of the minor variant is a predictor of early age at menarche. Allelic frequencies between different ethnic groups were not found to be different with the exception of Hispanic controls, in which the genotypic distribution was not consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weston
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA.
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Poirier MC, Weston A, Schoket B, Shamkhani H, Pan CF, McDiarmid MA, Scott BG, Deeter DP, Heller JM, Jacobson-Kram D, Rothman N. Biomonitoring of United States Army soldiers serving in Kuwait in 1991. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7:545-51. [PMID: 9641500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and genetic biomarkers of potential cancer susceptibility were determined in a group of United States Army soldiers who were deployed to Kuwait and Saudi Arabia in 1991 in the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War. Because hundreds of oil well fires were still burning, there was concern that ground troops stationed in Kuwait might be exposed to high levels of PAHs and other toxicants. The United States Army Environmental Hygiene Agency monitored air and soil for ambient PAHs. In addition, a group of 61 soldiers was involved in the biomonitoring study reported here. These soldiers kept diaries of daily activities and provided blood and urine samples in Germany (June) before deployment to Kuwait, after 8 weeks in Kuwait (August), and 1 month after the return to Germany (October). Here we present data for PAH-DNA adducts measured by immunoassay in blood cell DNA samples obtained at all three sampling times from 22 soldiers and bulky aromatic adducts measured by 32P-postlabeling in blood cell DNA samples from 20 of the same soldiers. Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide levels were determined by synchronous fluorescence spectrometry in a matched set of samples from 33 soldiers. Contrary to expectations, environmental monitoring showed low ambient PAH levels in the areas where these soldiers were working in Kuwait. For both DNA adduct assays, levels were the lowest in Kuwait in August and increased significantly after the soldiers returned to Germany (October). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide levels were also lowest in Kuwait and highest in Germany, but the differences were not statistically significant. The PAH-exposure biomarker levels were not significantly influenced by polymorphic variations of CYP1A1 (MspI) and glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1. Overall, the data suggest that this group of soldiers was not exposed to elevated levels of PAHs while deployed in Kuwait.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Poirier
- Carcinogen-DNA Interactions Section, Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA.
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Merlo F, Andreassen A, Weston A, Pan CF, Haugen A, Valerio F, Reggiardo G, Fontana V, Garte S, Puntoni R, Abbondandolo A. Urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene as a marker for exposure to urban air levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7:147-55. [PMID: 9488590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 94 traffic police officers from the Municipality Police of Genoa, Italy, exposed to airborne pollutants and 52 referent subjects exposed to indoor air pollution levels to investigate the relationships between exposure to ambient air polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-P). The effects of smoking, lifestyle factors such as exposure to ETS, and diet, along with the role played by the cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), and glutathione S-transferase M1 and theta metabolic susceptibility gene polymorphisms were examined. The geometric mean of benzo(a)pyrene air measurements (an index compound of PAH levels) was 70 times higher in traffic police officers (3.67 ng/m3) than in referents (0.05 ng/m3). The urinary concentration of 1-OH-P was clearly associated with cigarette smoking and, to a lesser extent, with exposure to ETS and particulate PAH pollution. No association was detected between 1-OH-P excretion and diet. Women exhibited a higher excretion level than did men, and an apparent effect of age was due to differences in cigarette smoking habits. Exposure to PAHs resulted in higher levels of 1-OH-P excretion in all groups except heavy smokers. Overall, no significant role of any metabolic polymorphism was detected. However, stratification of study subjects according to their smoking habits revealed higher levels of excretion of 1-OH-P in subjects smoking < or =15 cigarettes/day carrying the CYP1A1 polymorphism. No such effect was seen either with nonsmokers or with people smoking more than 15 cigarettes/day. These findings are suggestive of a gene-environment interaction, in which subjects with the CYP1A1 polymorphism, relative to subjects without it, have higher levels of 1-OH-P in their urine at low doses of exposure to PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Merlo
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro and Università di Genova, Italy
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Pan CF, Igbasan FA, Guenter W, Marquardt RR. The effects of enzyme and inorganic phosphorus supplements in wheat- and rye-based diets on laying hen performance, energy, and phosphorus availability. Poult Sci 1998; 77:83-9. [PMID: 9469756 DOI: 10.1093/ps/77.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 640 22-wk-old pullets (Shaver SX 288) housed four birds per cage in 40 experimental units (four cages per unit), were randomly assigned eight experimental diets in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisting of two grain sources (wheat and rye) two levels each of crude enzyme preparation (0 and 0.1% Roxazyme G), and added inorganic phosphorus (0 and 0.105%) were fed for five 4-wk periods. At 42 wk of age, 40 individually caged layers were fed the experimental diets with 0.3% chromic oxide (5 individual birds per treatment) to determine AMEn and available P. Plasma P and Ca were also determined. Egg production, feed intake (FI), egg weight, feed efficiency (FE), and specific gravity of eggs were significantly (P < or = 0.05) affected by the experimental periods. Hens fed wheat-based diets had higher (P < or = 0.05) tibia ash (54.3 vs 52.5%), excreta dry matter (22.0 vs 17.7%), and eggshells with > or = 1.080 specific gravity (93.5 vs 89.9%) than birds fed rye. Enzyme supplementation significantly improved AMEn (P < or = 0.01) and FE by 6.2 and 3%, respectively. Egg production increased numerically from 87.6 to 90.1%. Inorganic P supplementation significantly increased egg production (P < or = 0.01), FI, FE, and AMEn (P < or = 0.05) by 4.4, 2, 3, and 2.8%, respectively, but significantly (P < or = 0.05) decreased the proportion of eggs having a specific gravity > or = 1.080 from 92.8 to 90.6%. The enzyme and inorganic P supplementation had no effect on tibia ash content and total plasma Ca and P. Rye can be used in layer rations yielding satisfactory performance when fed with a fungal crude enzyme preparation high in pentosanase/xylanase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Pan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Weston A, Pan CF, Ksieski HB, Wallenstein S, Berkowitz GS, Tartter PI, Bleiweiss IJ, Brower ST, Senie RT, Wolff MS. p53 haplotype determination in breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997; 6:105-12. [PMID: 9037561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inheritance of certain germ line haplotypes consisting of three biallelic polymorphisms of p53 has been proposed as a risk factor for breast cancer and colorectal cancer [A. Själander et al., Carcinogenesis (Lond.), 17: 1313-1316, 1996, and Carcinogenesis (Lond.), 16: 1461-1464, 1995]. In their studies, pairwise haplotypes of these three polymorphisms were estimated. Extended haplotypes were further projected from the pairwise combinations. To overcome the necessity to estimate pairwise and extended haplotype frequencies, a PCR method has been developed to determine the absolute extended p53 haplotypes in diploid genomes. The method requires allele-specific PCR, confirmed by restriction analysis, and successive amplicon analysis. It has been applied to a nested case-control study of breast cancer (284 subjects; 99 cases and 185 controls; 182 Caucasians, 56 Hispanics, and 46 African-Americans). Evidence is presented that minor variants of the intron 3, codon 72, and intron 6 polymorphisms were moderately elevated in Caucasian breast cancer cases (intron 3, P = 0.03 for genotype and P = 0.01 for allelic frequency; codon 72, P = 0.07 for genotype and P = 0.054 for allelic frequency; and intron 6, P = 0.02 for genotype and P = 0.02 for allele frequency). Accordingly, analysis of haplotype distributions suggested an association of minor p53 haplotypes with breast cancer risk in Caucasians (P = 0.07). The relative allelic frequencies in breast cancer cases compared with controls also differed by age and menopausal status; the 1-2-1 haplotype was overrepresented in postmenopausal cases (P = 0.02) and cases older than 50 years (P = 0.02), whereas the other minor haplotypes (1-1-2 and rare variants) were overrepresented in premenopausal cases (P = 0.003) and cases 50 years of age and younger (P = 0.02). Genotype distributions at each locus and for all control groups were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibria. Differences in haplotype distribution were associated with ethnicity (Caucasians versus African-Americans and Caucasians versus Hispanics, P < 0.001). The new haplotyping method may be useful in the study of gene-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weston
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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