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Chang CY, Chang HH, Wu CY, Tsai YT, Lu TH, Chang WH, Hsu CF, Chen PS, Tseng HH. Peripheral inflammation is associated with impaired sadness recognition in euthymic bipolar patients. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:333-339. [PMID: 38579478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation impairs cognitive function in healthy individuals and people with psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder (BD). This effect may also impact emotion recognition, a fundamental element of social cognition. Our study aimed to investigate the relationships between pro-inflammatory cytokines and emotion recognition in euthymic BD patients and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS We recruited forty-four euthymic BD patients and forty healthy controls (HCs) and measured their inflammatory markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TNF-α. We applied validated cognitive tasks, the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (WCST) and Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and a social cognitive task for emotion recognition, Diagnostic Analyses of Nonverbal Accuracy, Taiwanese Version (DANVA-2-TW). We analyzed the relationships between cytokines and cognition and then explored possible predictive factors of sadness recognition accuracy. RESULTS Regarding pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α was elevated in euthymic BD patients relative to HCs. In euthymic BD patients only, higher TNF-α levels were associated with lower accuracy of sadness recognition. Regression analysis revealed that TNF-α was an independent predictive factor of sadness recognition in patients with euthymic BD when neurocognition was controlled for. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that enhanced inflammation, indicated by increased TNF-α, was an independent predictive factor of impaired sadness recognition in BD patients but not in HCs. Our findings suggested a direct influence of TNF-α on sadness recognition and indicated vulnerability to depression in euthymic BD patients with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Hui Hua Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng University, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Ying Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying Tsung Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Hsu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Lin LY, Hwang IT, Hsu CF, Yu WH, Lai PC, Chen YW, Tu YF. Comparing fine motor performance among young children with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and specific developmental disorder of motor function. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1372980. [PMID: 38562136 PMCID: PMC10982319 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1372980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The acquisition of fine motor skills is considered to be a crucial developmental milestone throughout early childhood. This study aimed to investigate the fine motor performance of young children with different disability diagnoses. Methods We enrolled a sample of 1,897 young children under the age of 6 years who were at risk of developmental delays and were identified by a transdisciplinary team. A series of standardized developmental assessments included the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition, Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Second Edition, and Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition were used. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted on all children to identify specific developmental disorders. The number of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), comorbidity, motor dysfunction, and unspecified developmental delays (DD) were 363 (19.1%), 223 (11.8%), 234 (12.3%), 285 (15.0%), 128 (6.7%), and 590 (31.1%), respectively. Results Young children with ID, comorbidity, and motor dysfunction demonstrated significant difficulty in performing manual dexterity and visual motor integration tasks and scored significantly lower in these areas than children with ASD, ADHD, and unspecified DD. In addition, fine motor performance was associated with cognitive ability in children with different disability diagnoses, indicating that young children showed better fine motor performance when they demonstrated better cognitive ability. Conclusion Our findings support that differences in fine motor performance differ by disability type. Close links between fine motor performance and cognitive ability in children under the age of 6 years were seen in all disability types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yi Lin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Hwang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Hsu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lai
- Educational Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Tsai YT, Chang CY, Wu CY, Huang YL, Chang HH, Lu TH, Chang WH, Chiu NT, Hsu CF, Yang YK, Chen PS, Tseng HH. Social cognitive deficit is associated with visuomotor coordination impairment and dopamine transporter availability in euthymic bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 165:158-164. [PMID: 37506410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive evidence has suggested functional connections between co-occurring visuomotor and social cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders; however, such association has not been studied in bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to investigate the relationship between visuomotor coordination and social cognition in the euthymic stage of BD (euBD). Given the shared neurobiological underpinnings involving the dopaminergic system and corticostriatal circuitry, we hypothesized a positive correlation between social cognition and visuomotor coordination in euBD patients. METHODS 40 euBD patients and 59 healthy control (HC) participants underwent evaluation of social (Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy 2-Taiwan version (DANVA-2-TW)), non-social cognitive function and visuomotor coordination. A subgroup of participants completed single-photon emission computed tomography for striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability assessment. RESULTS EuBD patients showed impaired nonverbal emotion recognition (ps ≤ 0.033) and poorer visuomotor coordination (ps < 0.003) compared to HC, with a positive correlation between these two abilities (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). However, after considering potential confounding factors, instead of visuomotor coordination, striatal DAT availability was a unique predictor of emotion recognition accuracy in euBD (beta = 0.33, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study result supported a functional association between social cognition and visuomotor coordination in euBD, with striatal dopaminergic dysfunction emerged as a crucial contributing factor in their interrelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tsung Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Ying Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lien Huang
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui Hua Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Tsing Chiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Hsu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Tseng HH, Hsu CF, Lu TH, Yang YK, Chen PS, Lin PT, Chang YPE, Weng JC. Disrupted white matter network of brain structural connectomes in bipolar disorder patients revealed by q-ball imaging. J Affect Disord 2023; 330:239-244. [PMID: 36870453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural and functional brain changes have been found to be associated with altered emotion and cognition in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Widespread microstructural white matter abnormalities have been observed using traditional structural imaging in BD. q-Ball imaging (QBI) and graph theoretical analysis (GTA) improve the specificity and sensitivity and high accuracy of fiber tracking. We applied QBI and GTA to investigate and compare the structural connectivity alterations and network alterations in patients with and without BD. METHODS Sixty-two patients with BD and 62 healthy controls (HCs) completed a MR scan. We evaluated the group differences in generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) and normalized quantitative anisotropy (NQA) values by voxel-based statistical analysis with QBI. We also evaluated the group differences in topological parameters of GTA and subnetwork interconnections in network-based statistical analysis (NBS). RESULTS The QBI indices in the BD group were significantly lower than those in the HC group in the corpus callosum, cingulate gyrus, and caudate. The GTA indices indicated that the BD group demonstrated less global integration and higher local segregation than the HC group, but they retained small-world properties. NBS evaluation showed that the majority of the more connected subnetworks in BD occurred in thalamo-temporal/parietal connectivity. CONCLUSION Our findings supported white matter integrity with network alterations in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Hsu
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ti Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences and Department of Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Peng Eve Chang
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences and Department of Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Ng HYH, Wu CW, Huang FY, Huang CM, Hsu CF, Chao YP, Jung TP, Chuang CH. Enhanced electroencephalography effective connectivity in frontal low-gamma band correlates of emotional regulation after mindfulness training. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:901-915. [PMID: 36717762 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Practicing mindfulness, focusing attention on the internal and external experiences occurring in the present moment with open and nonjudgement stance, can lead to the development of emotional regulation skills. Yet, the effective connectivity of brain regions during mindfulness has been largely unexplored. Studies have shown that mindfulness practice promotes functional connectivity in practitioners, potentially due to improved emotional regulation abilities and increased connectivity in the lateral prefrontal areas. To examine the changes in effective connectivity due to mindfulness training, we analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) signals taken before and after mindfulness training, focusing on training-related effective connectivity changes in the frontal area. The mindfulness training group participated in an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program. The control group did not take part. Regardless of the specific mindfulness practice used, low-gamma band effective connectivity increased globally after the mindfulness training. High-beta band effective connectivity increased globally only during Breathing. Moreover, relatively higher outgoing effective connectivity strength was seen during Resting and Breathing and Body-scan. By analyzing the changes in outgoing and incoming connectivity edges, both F7 and F8 exhibited strong parietal connectivity during Resting and Breathing. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the changes in effective connectivity of the right lateral prefrontal area predicted mindfulness and emotional regulation abilities. These results partially support the theory that the lateral prefrontal areas have top-down modulatory control, as these areas have high outflow effective connectivity, implying that mindfulness training cultivates better emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei-Yin Hydra Ng
- Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Changwei W Wu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ying Huang
- Department of Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chao
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- Institute for Neural Computation and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, La Jolla, USA
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chuang
- Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Information Systems and Applications, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Guu SF, Chao YP, Huang FY, Cheng YT, Ng HYH, Hsu CF, Chuang CH, Huang CM, Wu CW. Interoceptive awareness: MBSR training alters information processing of salience network. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1008086. [PMID: 37025109 PMCID: PMC10070746 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1008086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness refers to a mental state of awareness of internal experience without judgment. Studies have suggested that each mindfulness practice may involve a unique mental state, but the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unknown. Here we examined how distinct mindfulness practices after mindfulness-based intervention alter brain functionality. Specifically, we investigated the functional alterations of the salience network (SN) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) among the two interoceptive mindfulness practices-breathing and body scan-associated with interoceptive awareness in fixed attention and shifted attention, respectively. Long-distance functional connectivity (FC) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) approaches were applied to measure distant and local neural information processing across various mental states. We hypothesized that mindful breathing and body scan would yield a unique information processing pattern in terms of long-range and local functional connectivity (FC). A total of 18 meditation-naïve participants were enrolled in an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program alongside a waitlist control group (n = 14), with both groups undergoing multiple fMRI sessions during breathing, body scan and resting state for comparison. We demonstrated that two mindfulness practices affect both the long-distance FC SN and the local ReHo, only apparent after the MBSR program. Three functional distinctions between the mindfulness practices and the resting state are noted: (1) distant SN connectivity to occipital regions increased during the breathing practice (fixed attention), whereas the SN increased connection with the frontal/central gyri during the body scan (shifting attention); (2) local ReHo increased only in the parietal lobe during the body scan (shifting attention); (3) distant and local connections turned into a positive correlation only during the mindfulness practices after the MBSR training, indicating a global enhancement of the SN information processing during mindfulness practices. Though with limited sample size, the functional specificity of mindfulness practices offers a potential research direction on neuroimaging of mindfulness, awaiting further studies for verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Fei Guu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chao
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ying Huang
- Department of Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Clinical Mental Health Counseling Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hei-Yin Hydra Ng
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chuang
- Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Mao Huang,
| | - Changwei W. Wu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Shuang Ho Hospital-Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Changwei W. Wu,
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Gau SF, Hwang-Gu SL, Lin Y, Hsu CF, Ni HC. The link between mind-wandering and performance in a sustained attention to response test in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Taiwan J Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_16_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ng HYH, Wu CW, Huang FY, Cheng YT, Guu SF, Huang CM, Hsu CF, Chao YP, Jung TP, Chuang CH. Mindfulness Training Associated With Resting-State Electroencephalograms Dynamics in Novice Practitioners via Mindful Breathing and Body-Scan. Front Psychol 2021; 12:748584. [PMID: 34777144 PMCID: PMC8581621 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.748584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Mindfulness-based stress reduction has been proven to improve mental health and quality of life. This study examined how mindfulness training and various types of mindfulness practices altered brain activity. Methods: Specifically, the spectral powers of scalp electroencephalography of the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) group (n=17) who underwent an 8-week MBSR training-including mindful breathing and body-scan-were evaluated and compared with those of the waitlist controls (n=14). Results: Empirical results indicated that the post-intervention effect of MBSR significantly elevated the resting-state beta powers and reduced resting-state delta powers in both practices; such changes were not observed in the waitlist control. Compared with mindful breathing, body-scanning resulted in an overall decline in electroencephalograms (EEG) spectral powers at both delta and low-gamma bands among trained participants. Conclusion: Together with our preliminary data of expert mediators, the aforementioned spectral changes were salient after intervention, but mitigated along with expertise. Additionally, after receiving training, the MBSR group's mindfulness and emotion regulation levels improved significantly, which were correlated with the EEG spectral changes in the theta, alpha, and low-beta bands. The results supported that MBSR might function as a unique internal processing tool that involves increased vigilant capability and induces alterations similar to other cognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei-Yin Hydra Ng
- Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Changwei W. Wu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Shuang Ho Hospital-Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ying Huang
- Department of Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Fei Guu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Ping Jung
- Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute for Neural Computation and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chuang
- Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Wang LJ, Lin LC, Lee SY, Wu CC, Chou WJ, Hsu CF, Tseng HH, Lin WC. l-Cystine is associated with the dysconnectivity of the default-mode network and salience network in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 125:105105. [PMID: 33338922 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Distributed dysconnectivity within both the default-mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN) has been observed in ADHD. L-cystine may serve as a neuroprotective molecule and signaling pathway, as well as a biomarker of ADHD. The purpose of this study was to explore whether differential brain network connectivity is associated with peripheral L-cystine levels in ADHD patients. We recruited a total of 31 drug-naïve patients with ADHD (mean age: 10.4 years) and 29 healthy controls (mean age: 10.3 years) that underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Functional connectomes were generated for each subject, and we examined the cross-sectional group difference in functional connectivity (FC) within and between DMN and SN. L-cystine plasma levels were determined using high-performance chemical isotope labeling (CIL)-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Compared to the control group, the ADHD group showed decreased FC of dorsal DMN (p = 0.031), as well as decreased FC of precuneus-post SN (p = 0.006) and ventral DMN-post SN (p = 0.001). The plasma L-cystine levels of the ADHD group were significantly higher than in the control group (p = 0.002). Furthermore, L-cystine levels were negatively correlated with FC of precuneus-post SN (r = -0.404, p = 0.045) and ventral DMN-post SN (r = -0.540, p = 0.007). The findings suggest that decreased synergies of DMN and SN may serve as neurobiomarkers for ADHD, while L-cystine may be involved in the pathophysiology of network dysconnectivity. Future studies on the molecular mechanism of the cystine-glutamate system in brain network connectivity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chun Lin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Hsu
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Lin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan.
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10
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Hsu CF, Eastwood JD, Toplak ME, Liang JC, Hwang-Gu SL, Chen VCH. Trait and state boredom: Associations with attention failure in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 286:112861. [PMID: 32114207 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fen Hsu
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - John D Eastwood
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maggie E Toplak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jia-Chian Liang
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shoou-Lian Hwang-Gu
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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11
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Bambrah V, Hsu CF, Toplak ME, Eastwood JD. Anticipated, experienced, and remembered subjective effort and discomfort on sustained attention versus working memory tasks. Conscious Cogn 2019; 75:102812. [PMID: 31522029 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2019.102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined individuals' ability to accurately anticipate how cognitively effortful and uncomfortable a task will feel based on a short sample of the task. Participants completed a sustained attention or working memory task. Post-practice, participants rated the effort and discomfort that they anticipated their task would require and engender, respectively. Participants also rated their effort and discomfort during task-administration and the effort and discomfort they recalled feeling after task-administration. Sustained attention task participants anticipated significantly less effort than working memory task participants. Sustained attention task participants felt significantly more effort during the task and remembered feeling more effort than they had anticipated. Working memory task participants felt significantly less effort during the task than they had anticipated. Sustained attention task participants anticipated, experienced, and recalled feeling more discomfort than working memory task participants. Individuals' anticipation of effort required depends on the task and is different from the effort they actually feel during the task and later recall feeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerpal Bambrah
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Chia-Fen Hsu
- Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing Street, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Maggie E Toplak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - John D Eastwood
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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12
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Tien YM, Chen VCH, Lo TS, Hsu CF, Gossop M, Huang KY. Deficits in auditory sensory discrimination among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:645-653. [PMID: 30229307 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Research into children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has focused on complex cognitive dysfunction, but less attention has been paid to sensory perception processes underlying the symptoms of ADHD. Based on signal detection theory, the present study compared the sensory discrimination ability and decision bias of children with and without ADHD. It also investigated the differences between ADHD with predominantly inattentive (ADHDi) and combined presentations (ADHDc). The sample of 75 children and adolescents with ADHD (24 ADHDi, 51 ADHDc) (16 females and 59 males) and 22 typical developing controls (TD) (8 females and 14 males) completed an auditory signal detection task. Participants were asked to detect signals against levels of transient background noise (35, 45, 55, and 65 dB). The results showed that with the increase of noise levels, both the ADHD and TD groups demonstrated decreased sensory discrimination. Although both groups successfully detected signal against noise levels from 35 to 55 dB, the ADHD group showed lower discrimination ability than that of the TD group. For decision bias, no group difference was found. Further comparisons regarding the predominant symptom presentation of ADHD sub-groups showed no differences. Current research has suggested that the deficit in ADHD people's signal detection performance can be attributed to sensory discrimination rather than decision bias. We suggest that background noise should be taken into account when using auditory stimuli to investigate cognitive functions in people with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Tien
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Room of Clinical Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyüan, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Shin Lo
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Speech and Language Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Hsu
- Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Room of Clinical Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Kuo-You Huang
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan. .,Speech and Language Therapy Room, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Hsu CF, Chen CI, Liu CH, Tsai MJ. X-Ray Quiz: A Woman with Diabetes Presented with Fever and Malaise. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791602300510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CF Hsu
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, 539 Zhongxiao Road, East District, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | - CI Chen
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, 539 Zhongxiao Road, East District, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | - CH Liu
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, 539 Zhongxiao Road, East District, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
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Hsu CF, Eastwood JD, Toplak ME. Differences in Perceived Mental Effort Required and Discomfort during a Working Memory Task between Individuals At-risk And Not At-risk for ADHD. Front Psychol 2017; 8:407. [PMID: 28377736 PMCID: PMC5359313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The avoidance of mental effort is a symptom criterion for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but the experience of mental effort has received relatively little attention in the empirical study of individuals at-risk for ADHD. We explored a novel method to assess the experience of effort and discomfort during a working memory task in a sample of young adults at-risk and not at-risk for ADHD. Method: A sample of 235 undergraduate students (Mean age = 21.02, 86 males) were included in this study. Based on an ADHD-screener (ASRS), 136 participants met criteria for the ADHD-risk group and 99 were in the non-ADHD risk group. Results: Individuals at-risk for ADHD reported higher mental effort and discomfort than individuals not at-risk for ADHD, even when performance on the working memory task was comparable or statistically controlled. Mental effort required and discomfort were more strongly correlated for at-risk compared to not at-risk participants. Individuals at-risk for ADHD displayed a stronger correlation between mental effort required and actual accuracy, but individuals not at-risk for ADHD displayed a stronger association between perceived accuracy and actual accuracy for the hardest experimental conditions. The most intense moment of effort required predicted retrospective discomfort ratings of the task in the ADHD-risk group, but not in the non-risk group. Conclusion: The subjective experience of in the moment mental effort is an important and viable construct that should be more carefully defined and measured. In particular, the experience of effort required (or how taxing a task is) differentiated between individuals at-risk and individuals not at-risk for ADHD in the present study. Whereas previous ADHD research has explored effort exerted, the present work demonstrated that investigating the experience of being mentally taxed might provide a productive line of investigation that could be used to advance our understanding of the cognitive and affective mechanisms underlying the regulation of effort in individuals at-risk of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fen Hsu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, TorontoON, Canada; Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Clinical Psychological Room, Chung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichung, Taiwan
| | - John D Eastwood
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Maggie E Toplak
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto ON, Canada
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15
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Chao PC, Chuang HJ, Tsao LY, Chen PY, Hsu CF, Lin HC, Chang CY, Lin CF. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and a nutrition education program for high risk cancer patients: strategies to improve dietary intake in cancer patients. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2015; 5:17. [PMID: 26264480 PMCID: PMC4532677 DOI: 10.7603/s40681-015-0017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Four hundred and forty-four high-risk oncology patients with malnutrition participated in this study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of nutrition education on improving an oncology patient’s dietary intake. We used a nutritional risk screening to select oncology patients in need of nutritional care. Team Nutrition provides technical assistance for foodservice, nutrition education for patients and their caregivers, and support for healthy eating and physical activity to improve their diets and their lives. The average contribution of protein and total energy of each patient increased after imparting the nutritional education to them. Thus, nutritional education is an effective measure to bring about a favorable and significant change in oncology patients’ nutrient intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Chao
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, 402, Taichung, Taiwan,
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16
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Hsu CF, Benikos N, Sonuga-Barke EJS. Spontaneous activity in the waiting brain: a marker of impulsive choice in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 12:114-22. [PMID: 25681956 PMCID: PMC6989780 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In controls very low frequency (VLF) EEG attenuated during task and waiting periods. In ADHD there was less attenuation during tasks and none at all during waiting. Degree of waiting attenuation correlated with parent's ratings of impulsive choice. Aberrant waiting VLF EEG may be a neural marker for impulsive choice in ADHD.
Background Spontaneous very low frequency oscillations (VLFO), seen in the resting brain, are attenuated when individuals are working on attention demanding tasks or waiting for rewards (Hsu et al., 2013). Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display excess VLFO when working on attention tasks. They also have difficulty waiting for rewards. Here we examined the waiting brain signature in ADHD and its association with impulsive choice. Methods DC-EEG from 21 children with ADHD and 21 controls (9–15 years) were collected under four conditions: (i) resting; (ii) choosing to wait; (iii) being “forced” to wait; and (iv) working on a reaction time task. A questionnaire measured two components of impulsive choice. Results Significant VLFO reductions were observed in controls within anterior brain regions in both working and waiting conditions. Individuals with ADHD showed VLFO attenuation while working but to a reduced level and none at all when waiting. A closer inspection revealed an increase of VLFO activity in temporal regions during waiting. Excess VLFO activity during waiting was associated with parents’ ratings of temporal discounting and delay aversion. Conclusions The results highlight the potential role for waiting-related spontaneous neural activity in the pathophysiology of impulsive decision-making of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fen Hsu
- Institute for Disorders of Impulse & Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Nicholas Benikos
- Institute for Disorders of Impulse & Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Institute for Disorders of Impulse & Attention, Developmental Brain-Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology, University of Southampton, UK; Department of Experimental Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
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17
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Hsu CF, Broyd SJ, Helps SK, Benikos N, Sonuga-Barke EJ. “Can waiting awaken the resting brain?” A comparison of waiting- and cognitive task-induced attenuation of very low frequency neural oscillations. Brain Res 2013; 1524:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Chen YJ, Ho MY, Chen KJ, Hsu CF, Ryu SJ. Estimation of premorbid general fluid intelligence using traditional Chinese reading performance in Taiwanese samples. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009; 63:500-7. [PMID: 19460119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of the present study were to (i) investigate if traditional Chinese word reading ability can be used for estimating premorbid general intelligence; and (ii) to provide multiple regression equations for estimating premorbid performance on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM), using age, years of education and Chinese Graded Word Reading Test (CGWRT) scores as predictor variables. METHODS Four hundred and twenty-six healthy volunteers (201 male, 225 female), aged 16-93 years (mean +/- SD, 41.92 +/- 18.19 years) undertook the tests individually under supervised conditions. Seventy percent of subjects were randomly allocated to the derivation group (n = 296), and the rest to the validation group (n = 130). RESULTS RSPM score was positively correlated with CGWRT score and years of education. RSPM and CGWRT scores and years of education were also inversely correlated with age, but the declining trend for RSPM performance against age was steeper than that for CGWRT performance. Separate multiple regression equations were derived for estimating RSPM scores using different combinations of age, years of education, and CGWRT score for both groups. The multiple regression coefficient of each equation ranged from 0.71 to 0.80 with the standard error of estimate between 7 and 8 RSPM points. When fitting the data of one group to the equations derived from its counterpart group, the cross-validation multiple regression coefficients ranged from 0.71 to 0.79. There were no significant differences in the 'predicted-obtained' RSPM discrepancies between any equations. CONCLUSION The regression equations derived in the present study may provide a basis for estimating premorbid RSPM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Behavioral Science, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei Shan, Tao Yuan County, Taiwan
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19
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Abstract
We report a detection method for C-reactive protein (CRP) based on competitive immunoassay using magnetic nanoparticles under magnetic fields. Functional magnetic nanoparticles were prepared and conjugated with anti-CRP for immunoassay. Magnetic nanoparticles labeled with anti-CRP were flowed through a separation channel to form depositions for selective capture of CRP under magnetic fields. Free CRP and a fixed number of CRP-labeled particles were used to compete for a limited number of anti-CRP binding sites on the magnetic nanoparticles. The deposited percentages of CRP-labeled particles at various concentrations of free CRP were determined and used as a reference plot. The determination of CRP in the unknown sample was deduced from the reference plot using the deposited percentages. The running time was less than 10 min. The CRP concentration of serum sample was linearly over the range of 1.2-310 microg/mL for deposited percentages of CRP-labeled particles. The detection limit of this method was 0.12 microg/mL which was approximately 8-fold lower than the typical clinical cutoff concentration (1 microug/mL). This method can provide a fast, simple, and sensitive way for protein detection based on competitive immunoassay using magnetic nanoparticles under magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species produced during vigorous exercise may permeate into cell nuclei and induce oxidative DNA damage, but the supporting evidence is still lacking. By using a 42 km marathon race as a model of massive aerobic exercise, we demonstrated a significant degree of unrepaired DNA base oxidation in peripheral immunocompetent cells, despite a concurrent increase in the urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Single cell gel electrophoresis with the incorporation of lesion-specific endonucleases further revealed that oxidized pyrimidines (endonuclease III-sensitive sites) contributed to most of the postexercise nucleotide oxidation. The oxidative DNA damage correlated significantly with plasma levels of creatinine kinase and lipid peroxidation metabolites, and lasted for more than 1 week following the race. This phenomenon may be one of the mechanisms behind the immune dysfunctions after exhaustive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsai
- Oxidative Stress Clinical Research Group and Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Tsai K, Hsu TG, Lu FJ, Hsu CF, Liu TY, Kong CW. Age-related changes in the mitochondrial depolarization induced by oxidative injury in human peripheral blood leukocytes. Free Radic Res 2001; 35:395-403. [PMID: 11697136 DOI: 10.1080/10715760100300911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with impaired immunity and reduced host defenses. Mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunctions and reduced antioxidative ability of immunocompetent cells may contribute to this phenomenon. In this study, 60 healthy volunteers of different age groups donated their blood after overnight fasting. Leukocytes were subjected to oxidative injuries by exposure to t-butylhydroperoxide, and were labeled with fluorochromes for measuring mitochondria transmembrane potential (delta psi m), membrane peroxidation and mitochondrial oxidant formation. delta psi m declined after t-butylhydroperoxide exposure, and the change was more prominent in leukocytes from older individuals. Cyclosporin A partly restored delta psi m, implying the contributing role of mitochondrial permeability transition pores. The mitochondrial depolarization was accompanied by increased oxidant formation and oxidation of pyridine nucleotides, which were more prominent in older subjects. The results support the view that the bioenergetic functions of mitochondria are more susceptible to oxidative injury in aged individuals. The decreased ability of leukocytes to resist oxidative stress may contribute to immunosenescence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsai
- Oxidative Stress Clinical Research Group, Section of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The effectiveness of single and multiple applications of triple dye for umbilical cord care in the umbilical cord separation time (UCST) was evaluated in 180 neonates. Seven neonates were excluded, three where the cord stump separation time was uncertain and four to whom contact was lost. The participating neonates were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1, 101 neonates, were treated with a regimen of a single application of triple dye. Group 2, 79 neonates, were treated with multiple applications of triple dye. Complete information was obtained from 97 neonates (96.2%) in group 1 and 76 (96%) in group 2. The UCST was 12.6 +/- 0.45 (mean +/- SE) days in group 1 and 16.68 +/- 0.65 days in group 2 (P < 0.0001) and showed no significant association with infants' gender, mode of delivery, gravidity, gestational age, birth weight, or hospital stay. CONCLUSION A single application of triple dye may be a more favourable regimen with a similarly antimicrobial effect, a shorter UCST and may be more cost effective than multiple applications of triple dye in umbilical cord care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Hsu CF, Wang CC, Tsai MC, Huang CF, Chen YH, Chu ML. Recurrent acute suppurative thyroiditis in a child: case report. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 1998; 31:193-6. [PMID: 10496157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A 23-month-old girl presented with a history of persistent fever and growing left anterior neck mass following an upper respiratory tract infection. Laboratory studies revealed leukocytosis, elevated levels of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, and a mild impairment of thyroid function. Thyroid scan showed a decreased radioactive iodine uptake of the left thyroid gland. Culture of the thyroid aspirate grew the mixed flora, viridans streptococci, Prevotella spp, and Peptostreptococcus magnus. She was discharged after a surgical drainage and a 14-day course of penicillin-G therapy. Unfortunately, she was readmitted for the resembling problems, the fever and progressing left anterior neck mass 3 months later. Culture of thyroid aspirate also grew the viridans streptococci. She recovered after a 14-day course of penicillin-G therapy. A left pyriform sinus fistula was found by barium esophagogram. A selective operation was performed 8 weeks later.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Hsu CF, Wang CC, Hung CS, Cheng SN, Chen YH, Chu ML. Trichosporon beigelii causing oral mucositis and fungemia: report of one case. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1998; 39:191-4. [PMID: 9684525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A 23-month-old boy, a victim of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML), was admitted for chemotherapy. On the eighth hospital day, he started a one-week course of chemotherapy with agents of epirubicin and cytosine arabinoside. Unfortunately, persistent neutropenia, deteriorating diarrhea and intermittently spiking fever developed from the sixteenth hospital day. Initially, ceftazidime and amikacin were empirically utilized. Blood culture yielded Klebsiella pneumoniae and the fever subsided for one day. Unfortunately, oral mucositis and catheter-induced phlebitis developed subsequently. Subsequently, oral nystatin and intravenous oxacillin were added. The results of cultures from both blood and oral mucosal tissue yielded a fungus. Trichosporon beigelii. We changed from an oral antifungal agent to intravenous amphotericin B on the twenty-fourth hospital day. He presented signs of septic shock with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and expired on the twenty-fifth hospital day after failure to respond to aggressive resuscitation. We report this case to emphasize that in cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced granulocytopenic AML patients who have compromised immune systems, and who may manifest some signs or symptoms of infection, and at the same time poorly respond to interventional antibiotic treatment, the possibility of T. beigelii infection can not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Hsu CF, Chen CY, Yuh YS, Chen YH, Hsu YT, Zimmerman RA. MR findings of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease in two infants. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998; 19:550-2. [PMID: 9541317 PMCID: PMC8338273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report two infants with Werdnig-Hoffmann disease diagnosed by means of spinal MR imaging, histopathologic examination of muscle biopsy specimens, cloned DNA analysis, electrophysiological examination, and clinical history. The MR findings were consistent with previous histopathologic reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Hsu CF, Wang CC, Chen SJ, Chen YH, Chu ML, Chen HY. Cat scratch disease in a child. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1997; 38:152-4. [PMID: 9151470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of a 9-year-old girl scratched on the right side of her neck by a kitten about one month prior to admission. She was well until three weeks later when she developed enlarged right neck masses, a pustula on the scratch site, right injected conjunctiva, headache, general malaise and fever, thus fulfilling the clinical criteria for CSD. Initially, she was treated by a practicing physician but the manifestations persisted for one week. After admission, leukocytosis and a mildly elevated erythrocyte sedimentary rate were noted. The serum IgG titer to Bartonella henselae was performed by means of indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test at the National Institute of Preventive Medicine. The serum titer of anti-B, henselae Ig G was 1:256 and greater (> or = 1:256). The positive serum titer(negative titer being < 1:64) to B, henselae, the organism thought to be responsible for CSD, also supports this diagnosis. She was treated with a 7-day course of intravenous gentamicin and the fever subsided within 24 hours. Following this, she improved clinically and was discharged one week later. One month after discharge, she remained well with no palpable neck masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Hsu CF, Wang CC, Chu CC, Chou TY, Diau GY, Chu ML. Epididymo-orchitis in an infant resulting from Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1996; 37:48-51. [PMID: 8936011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epididymo-orchitis (EO) is said to be extremely rare in infants and children. It is usually diagnosed after scrotal exploration for symptoms which mimic manifestations between EO and torsion of the cord and its appendage. The pathophysiologic mechanisms for the development of EO are not well known. Although some causative agents of EO have been reported, in most cases there was no clear etiology. We report a 3-month-old male infant who had been well until the day prior to admission when irritability, left testicular swelling, scrotal erythema with a hot sensation were noted by his mother. He was treated medically after excluding the possibility of an emergent surgical condition (such as torsion of the cord and its appendage, or incarcerated hernia) by means of physical examinations, abdominal and inguino-scrotal sonography, laboratory studies, and testicular radionuclide scintigraphy. A catheterized sample of urine for culture yielded Escherichia coli. There was the possibility that the EO was caused by hematogenous rather than local spread from an infection of the urinary tract. He was treated with a 10-day course of intravenous cefazolin and amikacin. Following this, he improved clinically and a repeat catheterized urine sample remained sterile on culture. In addition, a bilateral inguinal hernia and hydrocele were detected by inguino-scrotal sonography and were operated on the 11th hospital day. He was discharged on the 16th day of hospitalization and remained well 11 months after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Skinner RW, Pozderac RV, Counsell RE, Hsu CF, Weinhold PA. Androgen receptor protein binding properties and tissue distribution of 2-selena-a-nor-5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol in the rat. Steroids 1977; 30:15-23. [PMID: 919015 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(77)90132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
2-selena-A-nor-5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol was studied in vitro and in vivo in the rat prostate gland. The data demonstrates the ability of this compound to selectively complex with the specific receptors of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT) in the cytosol and to be retained in the nuclei in an unaltered form. Studies with selenium-75 labeled material suggests that the uptake and localization is similar to endogenous 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone.
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