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Vittori Antisari L, Bini C, Ferronato C, Gherardi M, Vianello G. Translocation of potential toxic elements from soil to black cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) growing in an abandoned mining district area of the Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy). Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:2413-2423. [PMID: 31659700 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy), long-lasting mining activities have favored the mobilization of numerous metals present in sulfosalts originated from low-grade metamorphism mineralization. Such materials, rich in potentially toxic elements such as antimony, arsenic, barium, copper, lead, thallium, tin and zinc, represent the substrate on which soils of different thicknesses have been formed and is currently used for agricultural activities. High concern is particularly arising about the food safety due to traditional horticultural practices, since it is very common in this area to cultivate vegetables in private gardens for both self-consuming and/or local market. In this context, a monitoring survey on both soils and vegetables was performed over the area, with particular attention to Brassica oleracea L. as traditional food crop, to assess the degree of contamination of the area, the possible translocation to vegetables and the potential human risk linked to vegetable ingestion. This analysis reveals a different degree of soil contamination in the area and a general high human risk linked to cabbage cultivation and ingestion in the whole area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Bini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferronato
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Gherardi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gilmo Vianello
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Pellegrini E, Contin M, Vittori Antisari L, Ferronato C, De Nobili M. Soil Organic Carbon and Carbonates are Binding Phases for Simultaneously Extractable Metals in Calcareous Saltmarsh Soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:2688-2697. [PMID: 31499587 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the simultaneously extracted metals/acid volatile sulfides (∑SEM/AVS) index to ascertain environmental risk from potentially toxic elements in calcareous saltmarsh soils was tested using structural equation modeling. This technique allows the detection of both direct and indirect relationships among AVS, SEM, and other soil variables, representing results in a graphical view. The dataset included 90 soil samples from 21 different sites belonging to 6 different saltmarshes and featured a wide range of soil chemicophysical properties. Variables included in the a priori model were hydroperiod, pH, soil redox potential, labile organic carbon, carbonates, total iron, and total amount of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The best optimized model pointed out the main soil properties that affect AVS accumulation and SEM speciation in these soils. Effect plots of AVS and SEM calculated with the partial linear mixed-effects models included in the piecewise structural equation modeling showed a significant and positive influence of pH and carbonates on AVS and a highly significant effect of carbonates and labile organic carbon on SEM. Single SEM components were also considered separately, to define the potential contributions of labile organic carbon or carbonates as alternative binding phases. Simultaneously extracted Cu, Ni, and Zn were preferentially bound to carbonates, followed by labile organic carbon, whereas Pb and Cd were easily bound to labile organic carbon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2688-2697. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal Science, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Contin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal Science, University of Udine, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Ferronato
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria De Nobili
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental, and Animal Science, University of Udine, Italy
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Pellegrini E, Contin M, Vittori Antisari L, Vianello G, Ferronato C, De Nobili M. A new paper sensor method for field analysis of acid volatile sulfides in soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:3025-3031. [PMID: 30259571 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of biogenic sulfide is important because acid volatile sulfides (AVS) represent a reactive pool responsible for immobilization of toxic metals. We propose a new sulfide paper sensor method for semiquantitative determination of AVS in which developed color is compared to a reference chart. The method was validated against the ion-selective microelectrode and the purge-and-trap methods. For fieldwork, readings should fall within 1 to 10 μmoles S2- . Considering that the volume of soil used ranged between 1 and 16 cm3 , the corresponding soil sulfides concentration range spans from 0.06 to 10 mmoles S2- cm-3 . The sulfide paper sensor method is highly suitable for field screening and has sensitivity levels comparable to laboratory methods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3025-3031. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Contin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Livia Vittori Antisari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gilmo Vianello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Ferronato
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria De Nobili
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Nozière B, Fache F, Maxut A, Fenet B, Baudouin A, Fine L, Ferronato C. The hydrolysis of epoxides catalyzed by inorganic ammonium salts in water: kinetic evidence for hydrogen bond catalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:1583-1590. [PMID: 29260812 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Naturally-occurring inorganic ammonium ions have been recently reported as efficient catalysts for some organic reactions in water, which contributes to the understanding of the chemistry in some natural environments (soils, seawater, atmospheric aerosols, …) and biological systems, and is also potentially interesting for green chemistry as many of their salts are cheap and non-toxic. In this work, the effect of NH4+ ions on the hydrolysis of small epoxides in water was studied kinetically. The presence of NH4+ increased the hydrolysis rate by a factor of 6 to 25 compared to pure water and these catalytic effects were shown not to result from other ions, counter-ions or from acid or base catalysis, general or specific. The small amounts of amino alcohols produced in the reactions were identified as the actual catalysts by obtaining a strong acceleration of the reactions when adding these compounds directly to the epoxides in water. Replacing the amino alcohols by other strong hydrogen-bond donors, such as trifluoroethanol (TFE) or hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) gave the same results, demonstrating that the kinetics of these reactions was driven by hydrogen-bond catalysis. Because of the presence of many hydrogen-bond donors in natural environments (for instance amines and hydroxy-containing compounds), hydrogen-bond catalysis is likely to contribute to many reaction rates in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nozière
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), CNRS & Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
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Randon J, Maret L, Ferronato C. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy optimization by computer simulation, application to the analysis of 93 volatile organic compounds in workplace ambient air. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 812:258-64. [PMID: 24491790 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
GC-MS optimization method including both advantages from chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection was designed for a set of 93 volatile organic compounds. Only a few experiments were necessary to determine the thermodynamic retention parameters for all compounds on a RTX-VMS column. From these data, computer simulation was used in order to predict the retention times of the compounds in temperature programmed gas chromatography. Then, an automatic selection of ions from the NIST database was performed and compared to the optimum conditions (full separation of VOC). This simulation-selection procedure was used to screen a numerous set of GC and MS conditions in order to quickly design a GC-MS method whatever the set of compounds considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Randon
- ISA Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - L Maret
- ISA Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Ferronato
- IRCELYON Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 2 avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
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Lamaa L, Ferronato C, Fine L, Jaber F, Chovelon J. Evaluation of adsorbents for volatile methyl siloxanes sampling based on the determination of their breakthrough volume. Talanta 2013; 115:881-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ferronato C, Modesto M, Stefanini I, Vianello G, Biavati B, Antisari LV. Chemical and Microbiological Parameters in Fresh Water and Sediments to Evaluate the Pollution Risk in the Reno River Watershed (North Italy). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2013.54045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cazoir D, Fine L, Ferronato C, Chovelon JM. Hydrocarbon removal from bilgewater by a combination of air-stripping and photocatalysis. J Hazard Mater 2012; 235-236:159-168. [PMID: 22871416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to prevent hydrocarbon discharge at sea from the bilge of ships, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) enacted the MARPOL 73/78 convention in which effluents are now limited to those with maximum oil content of 15 ppmv. Thus, photocatalysis and air-stripping were combined for the hydrocarbon removal from a real oily bilgewater sample and an original monitoring of both aqueous and gaseous phases was performed by GC/MS to better understand the process. Our results show that the hydrocarbon oil index [HC] can be reduced to its maximum permissible value of 15 ppmv (MARPOL) in only 8.5h when photocatalysis and air-stripping are used together in a synergistic way, as against 17 h when photocatalysis is used alone. However, this air-assisted photocatalytic process emits a large quantity of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and, within the first four hours, ca. 10% of the hydrocarbon removal in the aqueous phase is actually just transferred into the gaseous one. Finally, we highlight that the n-alkanes with a number of carbon atoms higher than 15 (N(C)>15) are those which most decrease the rate of [HC] removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cazoir
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69626, France, CNRS, UMR5256, IRCELYON, Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69626, France.
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Gaudio RM, Barbieri S, Feltracco P, Spaziani F, Alberti M, Delantone M, Trevisiol P, Righini F, Talarico A, Sanchioni R, Spagna A, Pietrantonio V, Zilio G, Dalla Valle R, Vettore G, Montisci M, Bortoluzzi A, Sacco A, Ramacciato G, Pasetti A, Mognato E, Ferronato C, Costola A, Ori C, Avato FM. Impact of alcohol consumption on winter sports-related injuries. Med Sci Law 2010; 50:122-125. [PMID: 21133261 DOI: 10.1258/msl.2010.010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was carried out to evaluate data about trauma-related winter sports, including risk factors such as high speed, gender, age, alcohol consumption, details about the accident and snow conditions. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted to determine the injury patterns and crash circumstances in holiday skiers and snowboarders. The data recorded were obtained from the database of the Pre-Hospital Emergency Registry of six skiing areas in the Dolomite mountains during the winter seasons November 2004-May 2009, injury data for major traumas from Ski Patrol Injury reports (helicopter, ambulance or ski slopes' patrol reports), and intrahospital Emergency Department data. Alcohol concentration in blood was detected in 200 individuals suffering from major trauma. RESULTS A total of 4550 injured patients, predominantly male (69%), mean age 22 years (range 16-72), were included in the observational analysis. Knee, wrist and shoulder injuries were frequently associated with major thoracic, abdominal or head traumas (64% of cases). Suboptimal technical level, high speed, low concentration, snow or weather conditions, faulty equipment and protective devices were among the various causes of accidents. The analysis revealed that high alcohol blood concentration was present in 43% of 200 patients. CONCLUSIONS Even though the major causes of accidents were excessive speed, excessive fatigue, technical errors and bad weather conditions, alcohol abuse was often discovered. Random sampling and a non-systematic detection of alcohol blood levels likely led to an underestimation of alcohol consumption-related injuries. It is recommended that investigations into alcoholic intoxication in injured skiers should be carried out on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gaudio
- Dip. Scienze Biomediche e Terapie Avanzate, Sezione di Medicina Legale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Senzolo M, Cholongitas E, Thalheimer U, Riddell A, Agarwal S, Mallett S, Ferronato C, Burroughs AK. Heparin-like effect in liver disease and liver transplantation. Clin Liver Dis 2009; 13:43-53. [PMID: 19150308 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is characterized by impairment of primary and secondary hemostasis but it is not clear how this impairment is related to the bleeding problems seen in cirrhosis. This delicate hemostatic balance can be perturbed by numerous conditions, such as variceal bleeding, renal failure, or infection/sepsis, which may lead to worsening of coagulation status to date. The role of endogenous heparinoids (glycosaminoglycans) in the coagulopathy of patients who have cirrhosis has been demonstrated by thromboelastography with the addition of heparinase I in patients who have recent variceal bleeding and infection. The heparin-like effect has also been demonstrated to be part of the coagulopathy seen after reperfusion in patients who have cirrhosis and are undergoing liver transplant. Therapeutic implications of these findings are not clear at the moment and the use of drugs able to cleave heparinoids should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Senzolo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University Hospital of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35136, Padova, Italy
| | - E Cholongitas
- The Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre and Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - U Thalheimer
- The Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre and Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Anne Riddell
- Department of Heamophilia and Haemostasis, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - S Agarwal
- Department of Anesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - S Mallett
- Department of Anesthesia, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - C Ferronato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University Hospital of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35136, Padova, Italy
| | - A K Burroughs
- The Royal Free Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre and Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK.
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Arsac F, Bianchi D, Chovelon J, Conchon P, Ferronato C, Lair A, Sleiman M. Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water and in air. An analytical approach. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2007.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tamimi M, Qourzal S, Assabbane A, Chovelon JM, Ferronato C, Ait-Ichou Y. Photocatalytic degradation of pesticide methomyl: determination of the reaction pathway and identification of intermediate products. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2006; 5:477-82. [PMID: 16685325 DOI: 10.1039/b517105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of pesticide methomyl in aqueous solution by UV-irradiation in the presence of TiO2 "Degussa P-25" has been studied. It was found that mineralisation to carbon dioxide, water, sulfate and ammonia took place during the process. The rate of photodecomposition of methomyl was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while its mineralization was followed using ion chromatography (IC), and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis. The identification of reaction intermediate products was carried out using coupled techniques HPLC-MS (electrospray ionization in positive mode) and a degradation pathway was proposed. Under our conditions, complete disappearance of 1.23 x 10(-4) mol l(-1) of pure pesticide occurred within 45 min of illumination and 80% TOC removal occurred in less than 4 h. Three main intermediates were identified resulting from (i) the rupture of the ester bond (or the N-O bond), (ii) the hydroxylation of methyl group borne by the nitrogen atom and (iii) the product resulting from the decarboxylation of the oxidized hydroxylated methyl group (photo-Kolbe reaction). In order to be sure that the photocatalytic results were consistent, hydrolysis and photolysis tests were performed. Photocatalysis proved to be an excellent new advanced oxidation technology (AOT) to eliminate methomyl present in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tamimi
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, Equipe de Photocatalyse et Environnement, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, B.P. 8106 Cité Dakhla, Agadir, Maroc
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Arsac F, Bianchi D, Chovelon JM, Ferronato C, Herrmann JM. Experimental Microkinetic Approach of the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Isopropyl Alcohol on TiO2. Part 1. Surface Elementary Steps Involving Gaseous and Adsorbed C3HxO Species. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:4202-12. [PMID: 16553371 DOI: 10.1021/jp055342b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study concerns an experimental microkinetic approach of the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) into acetone on a pure anatase TiO2 solid according to a procedure previously developed. Mainly, the kinetic parameters of each surface elementary step of a plausible kinetic model of PCO of IPA are experimentally determined: natures and amounts of the adsorbed species and rate constants (preexponential factor and activation energy). The kinetics parameters are obtained by using experiments in the transient regime with either a FTIR or a mass spectrometer as a detector. The deep oxidation (CO2 and H2O formation) of low concentrations of organic pollutants in air is one of the interests of the PCO. For IPA, literature data strongly suggest that acetone is the single route to CO2 and H2O and this explains that the present study is dedicated to the elementary steps involving gaseous and adsorbed C3H(x)O species. The microkinetic study shows that strongly adsorbed IPA species (two species denoted nd-IPA(sads) and d-IPA(sads) due to non- and dissociative chemisorption of IPA, respectively) are involved in the PCO of IPA. A strong competitive chemisorption between IPA(sads) and a strongly adsorbed acetone species controls the high selectivity in acetone of the PCO at a high coverage of the surface by IPA(sads). The kinetic parameters of the elementary steps determined in the present study are used in part 2 to provide a modeling of macroscopic kinetic data such as the turnover frequency (TOF in s(-1)) of the PCO using IPA/O2 gas mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arsac
- Laboratoire d'Application de la Chimie à l'Environnement (LACE), UMR 5634, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon-1, Bat. Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne-France
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Arsac F, Bianchi D, Chovelon JM, Ferronato C, Herrmann JM. Experimental Microkinetic Approach of the Photocatalytic Oxidation of Isopropyl Alcohol on TiO2. Part 2. From the Surface Elementary Steps to the Rates of Oxidation of the C3HxO Species. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:4213-22. [PMID: 16553372 DOI: 10.1021/jp057255p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study concerns an experimental microkinetic approach of the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) into acetone on a pure anatase TiO2 solid according to a procedure previously developed. Mainly, the kinetic parameters of each surface elementary step of a plausible kinetic model of the PCO of IPA are experimentally determined: natures and amounts of the adsorbed species and rate constants (preexponential factors and activation energies). These kinetic parameters are used to evaluate a priori the catalytic activity (turnover frequency, TOF, in s(-1)) of the solid that is compared to the experimental value. The kinetics parameters are obtained by using experiments in the transient regime with either a FTIR or a mass spectrometer as a detector. The microkinetic study shows that only strongly adsorbed IPA species (two species denoted nd-IPA(sads) and d-IPA(sads) due to non- and dissociative chemisorption of IPA respectively) are involved in the PCO of IPA. A strong competitive chemisorption between IPA(sads) and a strongly adsorbed acetone species controls the high selectivity in acetone of the PCO at a high coverage of the surface by IPA(sads). The apparent rate constant (1.4 10(-3) s(-1)) of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood elementary step between IPA(sads) and the active oxygen containing species generated by the UV irradiation provides the TOF of the PCO for IPA/O2 gas mixtures. The kinetic parameters of the elementary steps determined by the experimental microkinetic approach allow us to provide a reasonable simulation of the experimental data (coverages of the adsorbed species and partial pressures of the gases of interest) recorded during a static PCO of IPA(sads) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Arsac
- Laboratoire d'Application de la Chimie à l'Environnement (LACE), UMR 5634, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon-1, Bat. Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne-France
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Hanna K, de Brauer C, Germain P, Chovelon JM, Ferronato C. Degradation of pentachlorophenol in cyclodextrin extraction effluent using a photocatalytic process. Sci Total Environ 2004; 332:51-60. [PMID: 15336890 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 02/29/2004] [Accepted: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates a process for the elimination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) from effluents provided by a cyclodextrin-assisted flushing of contaminated soils. The effectiveness of photocatalytic degradation of PCP in several cyclodextrin (CD) solutions was evaluated using TiO2 as a photocatalyst. Effects of CD type on PCP degradation rate were studied at two pH values. A similar effect was observed for all CDs used on degradation rate of PCP and the decay of PCP was found to be less extensive at pH 11 than at pH 7. The kinetic orders of the photocatalytic reactions of PCP for all of the solutions have been determined. The first-order rate constants were found to be 0.0884, 0.0362, 0.0197 and 0.0053 min(-1) in CD solutions, respectively, at 0, 1, 2 and 5 mmol l(-1) of CD. Batch experiments were performed in order to study the CD extraction enhancement of PCP previously adsorbed on soil. The results show that the removal capacity of PCP from soil increases with CD concentration (from 0 to 5 mmol l(-1)). When the CD concentration was 5 mmol l(-1), an extraction of about 70% of PCP adsorbed on soil was observed, whereas only 37% was removed when water was used as the flushing solution. The optimal conditions for such a coupled method depend on the nature and concentration of the extracting agent and also on the photocatalytic experimental conditions. This work revealed that the coupling of cyclodextrin-enhanced solubilization and photocatalytic treatment is a promising method for contaminated soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hanna
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Environnementale des Procédés et des Systèmes Industriels-FRE-CNRS 2544, INSA de Lyon. 20, avenue Albert Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Bilde M, Wallington TJ, Ferronato C, Orlando JJ, Tyndall GS, Estupiñan E, Haberkorn S. Atmospheric Chemistry of CH2BrCl, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl, CF3CHBrCl, and CBr2Cl2. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9733375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bilde
- Atmospheric Chemistry, Building 313, Plant Biology and Biogeochemistry Department, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - T. J. Wallington
- Ford Research Laboratory, SRL-3083 Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, P.O. Box 2053 Michigan 48121-2053
| | - C. Ferronato
- Universite Joseph Fourier I.U.T.1. Grenoble, Departement de Chimie, 39-41 Boulevard Gambetto, 3800 Grenoble, France
| | - J. J. Orlando
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80303
| | - G. S. Tyndall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80303
| | - E. Estupiñan
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80303
| | - S. Haberkorn
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80303
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Pederzoli P, Pilon T, Vantini I, Maffezzoli G, Lucchin L, Ferronato C, Serio G, Brocco G, Marchiori N, Ferrini S. [Modification of an experimental model of chronic pancreatic and biliary fistula in the minipig (author's transl)]. Chir Ital 1980; 32:1302-1314. [PMID: 7249189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An improvement in Corring's experimental model in the minipig is described. The model requires: -- a complete diversion of the biliopancreatic secretion and the possibility of its reintroduction into the duodenum; -- a particular anaesthesiological, technical and management problems taken up during the course of the research. Data are also given about basal pancreatic and biliary secretions in this particular experimental model.
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