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Ng CC, Tan TLE. Multiple system atrophy-cerebellar subtype. QJM 2023; 116:1031-1032. [PMID: 37458507 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C C Ng
- Department of Neurology, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei St 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - T L E Tan
- Department of Radiology, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei St 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore
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Chong HY, Lim KS, Fong SL, Shabaruddin FH, Dahlui M, Mei Lai PS, Ng CC, Chaiyakunapruk N. Integrating real-world data in cost-effectiveness analysis of universal HLA-B*15:02 screening in Malaysia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:3340-3351. [PMID: 37294011 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite the availability of newer antiseizure medications, carbamazepine (CBZ) remains the gold standard. However, patients of Asian ancestry are susceptible to CBZ-related severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Universal HLA-B*15:02 screening is a promising intervention to address this. With the increasing recognition of integrating real-world evidence in economic evaluations, the cost-effectiveness of universal HLA-B*15:02 screening was assessed using available real-world data in Malaysia. METHODS A hybrid model of a decision tree and Markov model was developed to evaluate 3 strategies for treating newly diagnosed epilepsy among adults: (i) CBZ initiation without HLA-B*15:02 screening (current practice); (ii) universal HLA-B*15:02 screening prior to CBZ initiation; and (iii) alternative prescribing without HLA-B*15:02 screening. The model was populated with real-world inputs derived from the Malaysian population. From a societal perspective, base-case analysis and sensitivity analyses estimated the costs and outcomes over a lifetime. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated. RESULTS In the base-cases analysis, universal HLA-B*15:02 screening yielded the lowest total costs and the highest total quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Compared with current practice, universal screening was less costly by USD100 and more effective by QALYs increase of 0.1306, while alternative prescribing resulted in 0.1383 QALYs loss at additional costs of USD332. The highest seizure remission rate (56%) was estimated for universal HLA-B*15:02 screening vs. current practice (54%) and alternative prescribing (48%). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that universal HLA-B*15:02 screening is a cost-effective intervention in Malaysia. With the demonstrated value of real-world evidence in economic evaluations, more relevant standardization efforts should be emphasized to better inform decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey Yi Chong
- Cedar Healthcare Technology Research Centre, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kheng-Seang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Si-Lei Fong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatiha Hana Shabaruddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maznah Dahlui
- Health Economic Research and Case-mix Division, Department of Research Development and Innovation, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pauline Siew Mei Lai
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- IDEAS Center, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Chan CK, Lim KS, Low SK, Tan CT, Ng CC. Genetic interaction between GABRA1 and ERBB4 variants in the pathogenesis of genetic generalized epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2023; 189:107070. [PMID: 36584483 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a complex neurological disease that can be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the genetic risk variants and molecular mechanisms of epilepsy. Disruption of excitation-inhibition balance (E/I balance) is one of the widely accepted disease mechanisms of epilepsy. The maintenance of E/I balance is an intricate process that is governed by multiple proteins. Using whole exome sequencing (WES), we identified a novel GABRA1 c.448G>A (p.E150K) variant and ERBB4 c.1972A>T (p.I658F, rs190654033) variant in a Malaysian Chinese family with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). The GGE may be triggered by dysregulation of E/I balance mechanism. Segregation of the variants in the family was verified by Sanger sequencing. All family members with GGE inherited both variants. However, family members who carried only one of the variants did not show any symptoms of GGE. Both the GABRA1 and ERBB4 variants were predicted damaging by MutationTaster and CADD, and protein structure analysis showed that the variants had resulted in the formation of additional hydrogen bonds in the mutant proteins. GABRA1 variant could reduce the efficiency of GABAA receptors, and constitutively active ERBB4 receptors caused by the ERBB4 variant promote internalization of GABAA receptors. The interaction between the two variants may cause a greater disruption in E/I balance, which is more likely to induce a seizure. Nevertheless, this disease model was derived from a single small family, further studies are still needed to confirm the verifiability of the purported disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Kin Chan
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kheng-Seang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Siew-Kee Low
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chong-Tin Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Mullan KA, Anderson A, Shi YW, Ding JH, Ng CC, Chen Z, Baum L, Cherny S, Petrovski S, Sham PC, Lim KS, Liao WP, Kwan P. Potential role of regulatory DNA variants in modifying the risk of severe cutaneous reactions induced by aromatic anti-seizure medications. Epilepsia 2022; 63:936-949. [PMID: 35170024 PMCID: PMC9541367 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Antiseizure medications (ASMs) with aromatic ring structure, including carbamazepine, are among the most common culprits. Screening for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele HLA‐B*15:02 is recommended prior to initiating treatment with carbamazepine in Asians, but this allele has low positive predictive value. Methods We performed whole genome sequencing and analyzed 6 199 696 common variants among 113 aromatic ASM‐induced SJS/TEN cases and 84 tolerant controls of Han Chinese ethnicity. Results In the primary analysis, nine variants reached genome‐wide significance (p < 5e‐08), one in the carbamazepine subanalysis (85 cases vs. 77 controls) and a further eight identified in HLA‐B*15:02‐negative subanalysis (35 cases and 53 controls). Interaction analysis between each novel variant from the primary analysis found that five increased risk irrespective of HLA‐B*15:02 status or zygosity. HLA‐B*15:02‐positive individuals were found to have reduced risk if they also carried a chromosome 12 variant, chr12.9426934 (heterozygotes: relative risk = .71, p = .001; homozygotes: relative risk = .23, p < .001). All significant variants lie within intronic or intergenic regions with poorly understood functional consequence. In silico functional analysis of suggestive variants (p < 5e‐6) identified through the primary and subanalyses (stratified by HLA‐B*15:02 status and drug exposure) suggests that genetic variation within regulatory DNA may contribute to risk indirectly by disrupting the regulation of pathology‐related genes. The genes implicated were specific either to the primary analysis (CD9), HLA‐B*15:02 carriers (DOCK10), noncarriers (ABCA1), carbamazepine exposure (HLA‐E), or phenytoin exposure (CD24). Significance We identified variants that could explain why some carriers of HLA‐B*15:02 tolerate treatment, and why some noncarriers develop ASM‐induced SJS/TEN. Additionally, this analysis suggests that the mixing of HLA‐B*15:02 carrier status in previous studies might have masked variants contributing to susceptibility, and that inheritance of risk for ASM‐induced SJS/TEN is complex, likely involving multiple risk variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Mullan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison Anderson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi-Wu Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hong Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Larry Baum
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stacey Cherny
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Slave Petrovski
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pak C Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kheng-Seang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Jagender Singh JK, Vaithilingam RD, Ng CC, Baharuddin NA, Hasnur Safii S, Rahman MT. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS2) and Defensin beta 1 (DEFB1) gene polymorphisms are not associated with periodontitis in Malays. Malays J Pathol 2021; 43:425-434. [PMID: 34958064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In line with the association of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and defensin beta 1 (DEFB1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with periodontitis among the Chinese and European populations, the current study was aimed to assess the same association among the Malays in Malaysia. METHODS Blood samples of individuals with periodontitis (PD) (n=72) and periodontally healthy (PH) (n=62) donors were obtained from Malaysian Periodontal Database and Biobanking system (MPDBS). Genomic DNA samples were analyzed for three PTGS2 SNPs (rs5275, rs20417, rs689466,) and one DEFB1 SNP (rs1047031) using Taqman SNP genotyping assays. Notably, rs20417 and rs689466 were located in the promoter region while rs5275 and rs1047031 were located in the 3' untranslated region of the transcript. Association between the SNPs and PD were then analyzed using genotypic association analysis (additive, dominant and recessive models). RESULTS The allelic frequency for the rs689466-G was higher in PD group (35.2%) compared that in PH group (29.0%). However, the association of rs689466-G and other SNPs with PD was not statistically significant (at 95% CI). No associations were observed for genotypic associations between the PTGS2 and DEFB1 SNPs with PD susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS PTGS2 (rs5275, rs20417, and rs689466) and DEFB1 (rs1047031) polymorphism was not associated with PD in Malays, unlike the Chinese, Taiwanese & European population. This suggests that other causal variants might be involved in the development and progression of PD among Malays.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jagender Singh
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry
| | - R D Vaithilingam
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry.
| | - C C Ng
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Science
| | - N A Baharuddin
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry
| | - S Hasnur Safii
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry
| | - M T Rahman
- Dean's office, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chan CK, Lim KS, Low SK, Tan CT, Ng CC. P-EP012. Segregation of GABRA1 and ERBB4 mutations in a family with genetic generalized epilepsy. Clin Neurophysiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lu YT, Hsu CY, Liu YT, Chan CK, Chuang YC, Lin CH, Chang KP, Ho CJ, Ng CC, Lim KS, Tsai MH. The clinical and imaging features of FLNA positive and negative periventricular nodular heterotopia. Biomed J 2021; 45:542-548. [PMID: 35660364 PMCID: PMC9421925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Lu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yao Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kin Chan
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Pediatric, Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Pediatric, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jui Ho
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kheng-Seang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Han Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Tsai MH, Muir AM, Wang WJ, Kang YN, Yang KC, Chao NH, Wu MF, Chang YC, Porter BE, Jansen LA, Sebire G, Deconinck N, Fan WL, Su SC, Chung WH, Almanza Fuerte EP, Mehaffey MG, Ng CC, Chan CK, Lim KS, Leventer RJ, Lockhart PJ, Riney K, Damiano JA, Hildebrand MS, Mirzaa GM, Dobyns WB, Berkovic SF, Scheffer IE, Tsai JW, Mefford HC. Pathogenic Variants in CEP85L Cause Sporadic and Familial Posterior Predominant Lissencephaly. Neuron 2020; 106:237-245.e8. [PMID: 32097630 PMCID: PMC7357395 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lissencephaly (LIS), denoting a "smooth brain," is characterized by the absence of normal cerebral convolutions with abnormalities of cortical thickness. Pathogenic variants in over 20 genes are associated with LIS. The majority of posterior predominant LIS is caused by pathogenic variants in LIS1 (also known as PAFAH1B1), although a significant fraction remains without a known genetic etiology. We now implicate CEP85L as an important cause of posterior predominant LIS, identifying 13 individuals with rare, heterozygous CEP85L variants, including 2 families with autosomal dominant inheritance. We show that CEP85L is a centrosome protein localizing to the pericentriolar material, and knockdown of Cep85l causes a neuronal migration defect in mice. LIS1 also localizes to the centrosome, suggesting that this organelle is key to the mechanism of posterior predominant LIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Han Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 833, ROC; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, ROC
| | - Alison M Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ning Kang
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kun-Chuan Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nian-Hsin Chao
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Feng Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Chao Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Brenda E Porter
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Laura A Jansen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guillaume Sebire
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, HUDERF, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wen-Lang Fan
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 33302, ROC; Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taipei and Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Michele G Mehaffey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung-Kin Chan
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kheng-Seang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Departments of Paediatrics and Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J Lockhart
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Departments of Paediatrics and Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Riney
- Neurosciences Unit, Queensland Children's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4101, QLD, Australia
| | - John A Damiano
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael S Hildebrand
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, VIC, Australia
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; Departments of Paediatrics and Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, VIC, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biological Science & Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu 30010, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Zuo XY, Feng QS, Sun J, Wei PP, Chin YM, Guo YM, Xia YF, Li B, Xia XJ, Jia WH, Liu JJ, Khoo ASB, Mushiroda T, Ng CC, Su WH, Zeng YX, Bei JX. X-chromosome association study reveals genetic susceptibility loci of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:13. [PMID: 30909962 PMCID: PMC6434801 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The male predominance in the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) suggests the contribution of the X chromosome to the susceptibility of NPC. However, no X-linked susceptibility loci have been examined by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for NPC by far. Methods To understand the contribution of the X chromosome in NPC susceptibility, we conducted an X chromosome-wide association analysis on 1615 NPC patients and 1025 healthy controls of Guangdong Chinese, followed by two validation analyses in Taiwan Chinese (n = 562) and Malaysian Chinese (n = 716). Results Firstly, the proportion of variance of X-linked loci over phenotypic variance was estimated in the discovery samples, which revealed that the phenotypic variance explained by X chromosome polymorphisms was estimated to be 12.63% (non-dosage compensation model) in males, as compared with 0.0001% in females. This suggested that the contribution of X chromosome to the genetic variance of NPC should not be neglected. Secondly, association analysis revealed that rs5927056 in DMD gene achieved X chromosome-wide association significance in the discovery sample (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.73–0.89, P = 1.49 × 10−5). Combined analysis revealed rs5927056 for DMD gene with suggestive significance (P = 9.44 × 10−5). Moreover, the female-specific association of rs5933886 in ARHGAP6 gene (OR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.47–0.81, P = 4.37 × 10−4) was successfully replicated in Taiwan Chinese (P = 1.64 × 10−2). rs5933886 also showed nominally significant gender × SNP interaction in both Guangdong (P = 6.25 × 10−4) and Taiwan datasets (P = 2.99 × 10−2). Conclusion Our finding reveals new susceptibility loci at the X chromosome conferring risk of NPC and supports the value of including the X chromosome in large-scale association studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-019-0227-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Sheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yoon-Ming Chin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun-Miao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Taisei Mushiroda
- Laboratory for International Alliance on Genomic Research, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Wen-Hui Su
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Tsai MH, Chan CK, Chang YC, Lin CH, Liou CW, Chang WN, Ng CC, Lim KS, Hwang DY. Molecular Genetic Characterization of Patients With Focal Epilepsy Using a Customized Targeted Resequencing Gene Panel. Front Neurol 2018; 9:515. [PMID: 30034362 PMCID: PMC6043663 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Focal epilepsy is the most common subtype of epilepsies in which the influence of underlying genetic factors is emerging but remains largely uncharacterized. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of currently known disease-causing genes in a large cohort (n = 593) of common focal non-lesional epilepsy patients. Methods: The customized focal epilepsy gene panel (21 genes) was based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced by Illumina MiSeq platform. Results: Eleven variants (1.85%) were considered as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, including seven novel mutations. There were three SCN1A (p.Leu890Pro, p.Arg1636Ter, and p.Met1714Val), three PRRT2 (two p.Arg217Profs*8 and p.Leu298Pro), two CHRNA4 (p.Ser284Leu, p.Ile321Asn), one DEPDC5 (p.Val516Ter), one PCDH19 (p.Asp233Asn), and one SLC2A1 (p.Ser414Ter) variants. Additionally, 16 other rare variants were classified as unknown significance due to inconsistent phenotype or lack of segregation data. Conclusion: Currently known focal epilepsy genes only explained a very small subset of focal epilepsy patients. This indicates that the underlying genetic architecture of focal epilepsies is very heterogeneous and more novel genes are likely to be discovered. Our study highlights the usefulness, challenges and limitations of using the multi-gene panel as a diagnostic test in routine clinical practice in patients with focal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Han Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kin Chan
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ying-Chao Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Neng Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kheng-Seang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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11
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Shi YW, Min FL, Zhou D, Qin B, Wang J, Hu FY, Cheung YK, Zhou JH, Hu XS, Zhou JQ, Zhou LM, Zheng ZZ, Pan J, He N, Liu ZS, Hou YQ, Lim KS, Ou YM, Hui-Ping Khor A, Ng CC, Mao BJ, Liu XR, Li BM, Kuan YY, Yi YH, He XL, Deng XY, Su T, Kwan P, Liao WP. HLA-A*24:02 as a common risk factor for antiepileptic drug-induced cutaneous adverse reactions. Neurology 2017; 88:2183-2191. [PMID: 28476759 PMCID: PMC5467955 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the involvement of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci in aromatic antiepileptic drug–induced cutaneous adverse reactions. Methods: A case-control study was performed to detect HLA loci involved in aromatic antiepileptic drug–induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a southern Han Chinese population. Between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015, 91 cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by aromatic antiepileptic drugs and 322 matched drug-tolerant controls were enrolled from 8 centers. Important genotypes were replicated in cases with maculopapular eruption and in the meta-analyses of data from other populations. Sequence-based typing determined the HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-DRB1 genotypes. Results: HLA-B*15:02 was confirmed as strongly associated with carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (p = 5.63 × 10−15). In addition, HLA-A*24:02 was associated significantly with Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by the aromatic antiepileptic drugs as a group (p = 1.02 × 10−5) and by individual drugs (carbamazepine p = 0.015, lamotrigine p = 0.005, phenytoin p = 0.027). Logistic regression analysis revealed a multiplicative interaction between HLA-B*15:02 and HLA-A*24:02. Positivity for HLA-A*24:02 and/or HLA-B*15:02 showed a sensitivity of 72.5% and a specificity of 69.0%. The presence of HLA-A*24:02 in cases with maculopapular exanthema was also significantly higher than in controls (p = 0.023). Meta-analysis of data from Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Norway, and China revealed a similar association. Conclusions: HLA-A*24:02 is a common genetic risk factor for cutaneous adverse reactions induced by aromatic antiepileptic drugs in the southern Han Chinese and possibly other ethnic populations. Pretreatment screening is recommended for people in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wu Shi
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Fu-Li Min
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Dong Zhou
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Bin Qin
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Juan Wang
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Fa-Yun Hu
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | | | - Jin-Hua Zhou
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Xiang-Shu Hu
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Jue-Qian Zhou
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Lie-Min Zhou
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | | | - Jie Pan
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Na He
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Zhi-Sheng Liu
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Yun-Qi Hou
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | | | - Yang-Mei Ou
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | | | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Bi-Jun Mao
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Xiao-Rong Liu
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Bing-Mei Li
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Yao-Yun Kuan
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Yong-Hong Yi
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Xue-Lian He
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Xiao-Yan Deng
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Tao Su
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article.
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article.
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12
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Ten LC, Chin YM, Tai MC, Chin EFM, Lim YY, Suthandiram S, Chang KM, Ong TC, Bee PC, Mohamed Z, Gan GG, Ng CC. SNP variants associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) correlate with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41400. [PMID: 28139690 PMCID: PMC5282517 DOI: 10.1038/srep41400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Large consortia efforts and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have linked a number of genetic variants within the 6p21 chromosomal region to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Complementing these efforts, we genotyped previously reported SNPs in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I (rs6457327) and class II (rs9271100, rs2647012 and rs10484561) regions in a total of 1,145 subjects (567 NHL cases and 578 healthy controls) from two major ethnic groups in Malaysia, the Malays and the Chinese. We identified a NHL-associated (PNHL_add = 0.0008; ORNHL_add = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.37–0.77) and B-cell associated (PBcell_add = 0.0007; ORBcell_add = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.35–0.76) SNP rs2647012 in the Malaysian Malays. In silico cis-eQTL analysis of rs2647012 suggests potential regulatory function of nearby HLA class II molecules. Minor allele rs2647012-T is linked to higher expression of HLA-DQB1, rendering a protective effect to NHL risk. Our findings suggest that the HLA class II region plays an important role in NHL etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lik-Chin Ten
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoon-Ming Chin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mei-Chee Tai
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Edmund Fui-Min Chin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yat-Yuen Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sujatha Suthandiram
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Tee-Chuan Ong
- Hematology Unit, Ampang Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ping-Chong Bee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gin-Gin Gan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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So WKW, Chan DNS, Rana T, Law BMH, Leung DYP, Chan HYL, Ng CC, Chair SY, Chan CWH. Development and Evaluation of Multimedia Interventions to Promote Breast and Cervical Health among South Asian Women in Hong Kong: A Project Protocol. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2017; 4:361-365. [PMID: 28966967 PMCID: PMC5559949 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon_37_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies conducted in the local community indicate that the uptake rates of breast and cervical cancer screening among South Asian ethnic minorities are lower than those of the general population. The development of interventions to promote these minorities' awareness of breast and cervical health and the importance of cancer screening is therefore required. This study protocol aims to develop culturally sensitive multimedia interventions to promote awareness of breast and cervical cancer prevention among South Asian women in Hong Kong, and to evaluate the outcomes of such interventions using a Reach-Effectiveness-Adoption-Implementation-Maintenance framework. By using a multimedia approach and developing socio-culturally relevant and linguistically appropriate educational materials, information related to cancer and accessible preventive measures for breast and cervical cancer is expected to be disseminated more effectively among South Asian women and ultimately increase their awareness of engaging in healthy lifestyles and taking part in cancer screening tests. Successful engagement of community partners will enhance the future sustainability of the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie K W So
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dorothy N S Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tika Rana
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bernard M H Law
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Doris Y P Leung
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen Y L Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C C Ng
- New Home Association, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sek Ying Chair
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carmen W H Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Khor AHP, Lim KS, Tan CT, Kwan Z, Ng CC. Cross-reactivity in AED-Induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction: A Case Report. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2016; 26:329-331. [DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Chin YM, Tan LP, Abdul Aziz N, Mushiroda T, Kubo M, Mohd Kornain NK, Tan GW, Khoo ASB, Krishnan G, Pua KC, Yap YY, Teo SH, Lim PVH, Nakamura Y, Lum CL, Ng CC. Integrated pathway analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma implicates the axonemal dynein complex in the Malaysian cohort. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1731-9. [PMID: 27236004 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial squamous cell carcinoma on the mucosal lining of the nasopharynx. The etiology of NPC remains elusive despite many reported studies. Most studies employ a single platform approach, neglecting the cumulative influence of both the genome and transcriptome toward NPC development. We aim to employ an integrated pathway approach to identify dysregulated pathways linked to NPC. Our approach combines imputation NPC GWAS data from a Malaysian cohort as well as published expression data GSE12452 from both NPC and non-NPC nasopharynx tissues. Pathway association for GWAS data was performed using MAGENTA while for expression data, GSA-SNP was used with gene p values derived from differential expression values from GEO2R. Our study identified NPC association in the gene ontology (GO) axonemal dynein complex pathway (pGWAS-GSEA = 1.98 × 10(-2) ; pExpr-GSEA = 1.27 × 10(-24) ; pBonf-Combined = 4.15 × 10(-21) ). This association was replicated in a separate cohort using gene expression data from NPC and non-NPC nasopharynx tissues (pAmpliSeq-GSEA = 6.56 × 10(-4) ). Loss of function in the axonemal dynein complex causes impaired cilia function, leading to poor mucociliary clearance and subsequently upper or lower respiratory tract infection, the former of which includes the nasopharynx. Our approach illustrates the potential use of integrated pathway analysis in detecting gene sets involved in the development of NPC in the Malaysian cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ming Chin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lu Ping Tan
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazlin Abdul Aziz
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Taisei Mushiroda
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Geok Wee Tan
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gopala Krishnan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kin-Choo Pua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pulau Pinang General Hospital, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yoke-Yeow Yap
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Chee Lun Lum
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Bei JX, Su WH, Ng CC, Yu K, Chin YM, Lou PJ, Hsu WL, McKay JD, Chen CJ, Chang YS, Chen LZ, Chen MY, Cui Q, Feng FT, Feng QS, Guo YM, Jia WH, Khoo ASB, Liu WS, Mo HY, Pua KC, Teo SH, Tse KP, Xia YF, Zhang H, Zhou GQ, Liu JJ, Zeng YX, Hildesheim A. A GWAS Meta-analysis and Replication Study Identifies a Novel Locus within CLPTM1L/TERT Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Individuals of Chinese Ancestry. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:188-192. [PMID: 26545403 PMCID: PMC4713263 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic loci within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancer, in several GWAS. Results outside this region have varied. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of four NPC GWAS among Chinese individuals (2,152 cases; 3,740 controls). Forty-three noteworthy findings outside the MHC region were identified and targeted for replication in a pooled analysis of four independent case-control studies across three regions in Asia (4,716 cases; 5,379 controls). A meta-analysis that combined results from the initial GWA and replication studies was performed. RESULTS In the combined meta-analysis, rs31489, located within the CLPTM1L/TERT region on chromosome 5p15.33, was strongly associated with NPC (OR = 0.81; P value 6.3 × 10(-13)). Our results also provide support for associations reported from published NPC GWAS-rs6774494 (P = 1.5 × 10(-12); located in the MECOM gene region), rs9510787 (P = 5.0 × 10(-10); located in the TNFRSF19 gene region), and rs1412829/rs4977756/rs1063192 (P = 2.8 × 10(-8), P = 7.0 × 10(-7), and P = 8.4 × 10(-7), respectively; located in the CDKN2A/B gene region). CONCLUSIONS We have identified a novel association between genetic variation in the CLPTM1L/TERT region and NPC. Supporting our finding, rs31489 and other SNPs in this region have been reported to be associated with multiple cancer sites, candidate-based studies have reported associations between polymorphisms in this region and NPC, the TERT gene has been shown to be important for telomere maintenance and has been reported to be overexpressed in NPC, and an EBV protein expressed in NPC (LMP1) has been reported to modulate TERT expression/telomerase activity. IMPACT Our finding suggests that factors involved in telomere length maintenance are involved in NPC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Bei
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Su
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Yu
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yoon-Ming Chin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei-Jen Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James D. McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Zhen Chen
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Chen
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cui
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Tuo Feng
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Shen Feng
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Miao Guo
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Yuan Mo
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kin-Choo Pua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ka-Po Tse
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fei Xia
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Department of Genomics & Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | - Gang-Qiao Zhou
- Beijing Proteome Research Center, Department of Genomics & Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
| | | | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Chew LL, Chong VC, Wong RCS, Lehette P, Ng CC, Loh KH. Three decades of sea water abstraction by Kapar power plant (Malaysia): What impacts on tropical zooplankton community? Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 101:69-84. [PMID: 26581817 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Zooplankton samples collected before (1985-86) and after (2013-14) the establishment of Kapar power station (KPS) were examined to test the hypothesis that increased sea surface temperature (SST) and other water quality changes have altered the zooplankton community structure. Elevated SST and reduced pH were detected between before and after impact pairs, with the greatest impact at the station closest to KPS. Present PAHs and heavy metal concentrations are unlikely causal factors. Water parameter changes did not affect diversity but community structure of the zooplankton. Tolerant small crustaceans, salps and larvaceans likely benefited from elevated temperature, reduced pH and shift to a more significant microbial loop exacerbated by eutrophication, while large crustaceans were more vulnerable to such changes. It is predicted that any further rise in SST will remove more large-bodied crustacean zooplankton, the preferred food for fish larvae and other meroplankton, with grave consequences to fishery production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Chew
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - V C Chong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - R C S Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P Lehette
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C C Ng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K H Loh
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lim KS, Tan AH, Lim CS, Chua KH, Lee PC, Ramli N, Rajahram GS, Hussin FT, Wong KT, Bhattacharjee MB, Ng CC. Correction: R54C Mutation of NOTCH3 Gene in the First Rungus Family with CADASIL. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138600. [PMID: 26368811 PMCID: PMC4569380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Lim KS, Tan AH, Lim CS, Chua KH, Lee PC, Ramli N, Rajahram GS, Hussin FT, Wong KT, Bhattacharjee MB, Ng CC. R54C Mutation of NOTCH3 Gene in the First Rungus Family with CADASIL. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135470. [PMID: 26270344 PMCID: PMC4535948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare hereditary stroke caused by mutations in NOTCH3 gene. We report the first case of CADASIL in an indigenous Rungus (Kadazan-Dusun) family in Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia confirmed by a R54C (c.160C>T, p.Arg54Cys) mutation in the NOTCH3. This mutation was previously reported in a Caucasian and two Korean cases of CADASIL. We recruited two generations of the affected Rungus family (n = 9) and found a missense mutation (c.160C>T) in exon 2 of NOTCH3 in three siblings. Two of the three siblings had severe white matter abnormalities in their brain MRI (Scheltens score 33 and 50 respectively), one of whom had a young stroke at the age of 38. The remaining sibling, however, did not show any clinical features of CADASIL and had only minimal changes in her brain MRI (Scheltens score 17). This further emphasized the phenotype variability among family members with the same mutation in CADASIL. This is the first reported family with CADASIL in Rungus subtribe of Kadazan-Dusun ethnicity with a known mutation at exon 2 of NOTCH3. The penetrance of this mutation was not complete during the course of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheng-Seang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ai-Huey Tan
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Shen Lim
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kek-Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ping-Chin Lee
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlisah Ramli
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Kum-Thong Wong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meenakshi B. Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Khor AHP, Lim KS, Tan CT, Wong SM, Ng CC. HLA-B*15:02 association with carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in an Indian population: a pooled-data analysis and meta-analysis. Epilepsia 2014; 55:e120-4. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hui-Ping Khor
- Division of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit; Institute of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Kheng-Seang Lim
- Division of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Chong-Tin Tan
- Division of Neurology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Su-Ming Wong
- Division of Dermatology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ching-Ching Ng
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit; Institute of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Malaya; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Tran TN, Selinger CI, Yu B, Ng CC, Kohonen-Corish MRJ, McCaughan B, Kennedy C, O'Toole SA, Cooper WA. Alterations of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor gene copy number and protein expression are common in non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:985-91. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimsInsulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) is a tyrosine kinase membrane receptor involved in tumourigenesis that may be a potential therapeutic target. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prognostic significance of alterations in IGF1R copy number, and IGF1R protein expression in resected primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and lymph node metastases.MethodsIGF1R gene copy number status was evaluated by chromogenic silver in situ hybridisation and IGF1R protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray sections from a retrospective cohort of 309 surgically resected NSCLCs and results were compared with clinicopathological features, including EGFR and KRAS mutational status and patient survival.ResultsIGF1R gene copy number status was positive (high polysomy or amplification) in 29.2% of NSCLC, and 12.1% exhibited IGF1R gene amplification. High IGF1R expression was found in 28.3%. There was a modest correlation between IGF1R gene copy number and protein expression (r=0.2, p<0.05). Alterations of IGF1R gene copy number and protein expression in primary tumours were significantly associated with alterations in lymph node metastases (p<0.01). High IGF1R gene copy number and protein expression was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) compared with other subtypes of NSCLC (p<0.05). There were no other associations between IGF1R status and other clinicopathological features including patient age, gender, smoking status, tumour size, stage, grade, EGFR or KRAS mutational status or overall survival.ConclusionsHigh IGF1R gene copy number and protein overexpression are frequent in NSCLC, particularly in SCCs, but they are not prognostically relevant.
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Carlino MS, Haydu LE, Kakavand H, Menzies AM, Hamilton AL, Yu B, Ng CC, Cooper WA, Thompson JF, Kefford RF, O'Toole SA, Scolyer RA, Long GV. Correlation of BRAF and NRAS mutation status with outcome, site of distant metastasis and response to chemotherapy in metastatic melanoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:292-9. [PMID: 24918823 PMCID: PMC4102942 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of BRAF and NRAS mutations in metastatic melanoma patients remains uncertain, with several studies reporting conflicting results, often biased by the inclusion of patients treated with BRAF and MEK (MAPK) inhibitors. We therefore interrogated a historical cohort of patients free of the confounding influence of MAPK inhibitor therapy. METHODS Patients with available archival tissue first diagnosed with metastatic melanoma between 2002 and 2006 were analysed. Mutational analysis was performed using the OncoCarta Panel. Patient characteristics, treatment outcome and survival were correlated with BRAF/NRAS mutation status. RESULTS In 193 patients, 92 (48%) melanomas were BRAF-mutant, 39 (20%) were NRAS-mutant and 62 (32%) were wild-type for BRAF/NRAS mutations (wt). There was no difference in response to chemotherapy based on mutation status (35-37%). The distant disease-free interval (DDFI) was significantly shorter in patients with wt melanoma (27.9 months vs 35.1 for BRAF and 49.1 for NRAS) although this was not significant in multivariate analysis. Survival from stage IV melanoma diagnosis was not significantly different based on mutation status. The DDFI was significantly shorter in patients with BRAF(V600K/R) versus BRAF(V600E) melanoma in univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS BRAF and NRAS mutation status does not influence survival in metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L E Haydu
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Kakavand
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A L Hamilton
- Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Yu
- Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C C Ng
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - W A Cooper
- Department of Medical Genomics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R F Kefford
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S A O'Toole
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Program Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Chin YM, Mushiroda T, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Krishnan G, Yap LF, Teo SH, Lim PVH, Yap YY, Pua KC, Kamatani N, Nakamura Y, Sam CK, Khoo ASB, Ng CC. HLA-A SNPs and amino acid variants are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malaysian Chinese. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:678-87. [PMID: 24947555 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) arises from the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx and is constantly associated with Epstein-Barr virus type 1 (EBV-1) infection. We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 575,247 autosomal SNPs in 184 NPC patients and 236 healthy controls of Malaysian Chinese ethnicity. Potential association signals were replicated in a separate cohort of 260 NPC patients and 245 healthy controls. We confirmed the association of HLA-A to NPC with the strongest signal detected in rs3869062 (p = 1.73 × 10(-9)). HLA-A fine mapping revealed associations in the amino acid variants as well as its corresponding SNPs in the antigen peptide binding groove (p(HLA-A-aa-site-99) = 3.79 × 10(-8), p(rs1136697) = 3.79 × 10(-8)) and T-cell receptor binding site (p(HLA-A-aa-site-145) = 1.41 × 10(-4), p(rs1059520) = 1.41 × 10(-4)) of the HLA-A. We also detected strong association signals in the 5'-UTR region with predicted active promoter states (p(rs41545520) = 7.91 × 10(-8)). SNP rs41545520 is a potential binding site for repressor ATF3, with increased binding affinity for rs41545520-G correlated with reduced HLA-A expression. Multivariate logistic regression diminished the effects of HLA-A amino acid variants and SNPs, indicating a correlation with the effects of HLA-A*11:01, and to a lesser extent HLA-A*02:07. We report the strong genetic influence of HLA-A on NPC susceptibility in the Malaysian Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ming Chin
- Laboratory for International Alliance, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Lim YY, Chin YM, Tai MC, Fani S, Chang KM, Ong TC, Bee PC, Gan GG, Ng CC. Analysis of interleukin-10 promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a Malaysian population. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:163-8. [PMID: 24684230 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.907895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the association of two IL10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1800896 and rs1800871) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk in the three major races of the Malaysian population (Malay, Chinese and Indian; 317 cases and 330 controls). Our initial screening demonstrated that rs1800871 but not rs1800896 was significantly associated with increased NHL risk in Malays (pMalay-Rec = 0.007) and Chinese only (pChinese-Rec = 0.039). Subsequent combined analysis of the Malay and Chinese revealed significant association of rs1800871 with all (ALL) NHL subtypes (pMeta-ALL-NHL-Rec = 0.001), ALL B-cell subtypes (pMeta-ALL-B-cell-Rec = 0.003), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtype (pMeta-DLBCL-Rec = 0.002) and ALL T-cell subtypes (pMeta-ALL-T-cell-Rec = 0.031). SNP rs1800896 showed increased risk only in follicular lymphoma (FL) (pMeta-FL-Dom = 0.0004). We also detected a male-specific association of rs1800871 with increased NHL risk (pMeta-Male-ALL-NHL-Rec = 0.006) in the combined analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the association of IL10 promoter SNPs with NHL susceptibility in the three major races of Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yat-Yuen Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Vaithilingam RD, Safii SH, Baharuddin NA, Ng CC, Cheong SC, Bartold PM, Schaefer AS, Loos BG. Moving into a new era of periodontal genetic studies: relevance of large case-control samples using severe phenotypes for genome-wide association studies. J Periodontal Res 2014; 49:683-95. [PMID: 24528298 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies to elucidate the role of genetics as a risk factor for periodontal disease have gone through various phases. In the majority of cases, the initial 'hypothesis-dependent' candidate-gene polymorphism studies did not report valid genetic risk loci. Following a large-scale replication study, these initially positive results are believed to be caused by type 1 errors. However, susceptibility genes, such as CDKN2BAS (Cyclin Dependend KiNase 2B AntiSense RNA; alias ANRIL [ANtisense Rna In the Ink locus]), glycosyltransferase 6 domain containing 1 (GLT6D1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), have been reported as conclusive risk loci of periodontitis. The search for genetic risk factors accelerated with the advent of 'hypothesis-free' genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, despite many different GWAS being performed for almost all human diseases, only three GWAS on periodontitis have been published - one reported genome-wide association of GLT6D1 with aggressive periodontitis (a severe phenotype of periodontitis), whereas the remaining two, which were performed on patients with chronic periodontitis, were not able to find significant associations. This review discusses the problems faced and the lessons learned from the search for genetic risk variants of periodontitis. Current and future strategies for identifying genetic variance in periodontitis, and the importance of planning a well-designed genetic study with large and sufficiently powered case-control samples of severe phenotypes, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Vaithilingam
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cooper WA, Yu B, Yip PY, Ng CC, Lum T, Farzin M, Trent RJ, Mercorella B, Clarkson A, Kohonen-Corish MRJ, Horvath LG, Kench JG, McCaughan B, Gill AJ, O'Toole SA. EGFR mutant-specific immunohistochemistry has high specificity and sensitivity for detecting targeted activating EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:744-8. [PMID: 23757037 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant-specific antibodies for detecting two common activating EGFR mutations. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of mutation-specific antibodies against EGFR exon 19 deletion E746-A750 ((c.2235_2249del15 or c.2236_2250del15, p. Glu746_Ala750del) and exon 21 L858R point mutation (c.2573T>G, p.Leu858Arg) were assessed in a cohort of 204 resected early stage node negative lung adenocarcinomas, and protein expression was compared with DNA analysis results from mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS Of seven cases with L858R point mutation, six were positive by immunohistochemistry (IHC). There were three false positive cases using L858R IHC (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 98.5%, positive predictive value 66.7%, negative predictive value 99.5%). All seven E746-A750 exon 19 deletions identified by mutation analysis were positive by IHC. Four additional cases were positive for exon 19 IHC but negative by mutation analysis. The sensitivity of exon 19 IHC for E746-A750 was 100%, specificity 98.0%, positive predictive value 63.6% and negative predictive value 100%. CONCLUSIONS Mutant-specific EGFR IHC has good specificity and sensitivity for identifying targeted activating EGFR mutations. Although inferior to molecular genetic analysis of the EGFR gene, IHC is highly specific and sensitive for the targeted EGFR mutations. The antibodies are likely to be of clinical value in cases where limited tumour material is available, or in situations where molecular genetic analysis is not readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Cooper
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
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Nagaendran K, Chen LH, Chong MS, Chua EV, Goh CK, Kua J, Lee T, Marziyana AR, Ng CC, Ng LL, Seow D, Sitoh YY, Yap LK, Yeo D, Yeo Y. Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines: Dementia. Singapore Med J 2013; 54:293-8; quiz 299. [DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2013112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yeo KS, Mohidin TBM, Ng CC. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein-1 upregulates 14-3-3σ and Reprimo to confer G(2)/M phase cell cycle arrest. C R Biol 2012; 335:713-21. [PMID: 23312294 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous tumor-causing virus which infects more than 90% of the world population asymptomatically. Recent studies suggest that LMP-1, -2A and -2B cooperate in the tumorigenesis of EBV-associated epithelial cancers such as nasopharygeal carcinoma, oral and gastric cancer. In this study, LMPs were expressed in the HEK293T cell line to reveal their oncogenic mechanism via investigation on their involvement in the regulation of the cell cycle and genes that are involved. LMPs were expressed in HEK293T in single and co-expression manner. The transcription of cell cycle arrest genes were examined via real-time PCR. Cell cycle progression was examined via flow cytometry. 14-3-3σ and Reprimo were upregulated in all LMP-1 expressing cells. Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G(2)/M progression was detected in all LMP-1 expressing cells. Therefore, we conclude that LMP-1 may induce cell cycle arrest at G(2)/M progression via upregulation of 14-3-3σ and Reprimo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Siong Yeo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
Crohn's disease is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory bowel disease; it affects the mucosa and deeper layers of the digestive wall. Two Crohn's disease patients who carried the JW1 variant and two patients who carried the SNP5 variant were investigated for other co-inherited polymorphisms that could influence Crohn's disease development. Based on the sequencing results, a homozygous 5'-UTR-59 G to A variant in exon 1 (SNP6) was observed in a patient who carried SNP5, while a heterozygous SNP6 variant was detected in the other patient who carried SNP5. No other associated mutations or polymorphisms were detected in the two patients who carried the JW1 variant of the CARD15/NOD2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chua
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
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30
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Yew PY, Mushiroda T, Kiyotani K, Govindasamy GK, Yap LF, Teo SH, Lim PVH, Govindaraju S, Ratnavelu K, Sam CK, Yap YY, Khoo ASB, Pua KC, Nakamura Y, Ng CC. Identification of a functional variant in SPLUNC1 associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility among Malaysian Chinese. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51 Suppl 1:E74-82. [PMID: 22213098 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a multifactorial and polygenic disease with high incidence in Asian countries. Epstein-Barr virus infection, environmental and genetic factors are believed to be involved in the tumorigenesis of NPC. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LPLUNC1 and SPLUNC1 genes with NPC was investigated by performing a two-stage case control association study in a Malaysian Chinese population. The initial screening consisted of 81 NPC patients and 147 healthy controls while the replication study consisted of 366 NPC patients and 340 healthy controls. The combined analysis showed that a SNP (rs2752903) of SPLUNC1 was significantly associated with the risk of NPC (combined P = 0.00032, odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval = 1.25-2.11). In the subsequent dense fine mapping of SPLUNC1 locus, 36 SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs2752903 (r(2) ≥ 0.85) were associated with NPC susceptibility. Screening of these variants by electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase reporter assays showed that rs1407019 located in intron 3 (r(2) = 0.994 with rs2752903) caused allelic difference in the binding of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor and affected luciferase activity. This SNP may consequently alter the expression of SPLUNC1 in the epithelial cells. In summary, our study suggested that rs1407019 in intronic enhancer of SPLUNC1 is associated with NPC susceptibility in which its A allele confers an increased risk of NPC in the Malaysian Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poh-Yin Yew
- Laboratory for International Alliance, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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31
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Tan AM, Muthusamy L, Ng CC, Phoon KY, Ow JH, Tan NC. Initiation of insulin for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: what are the issues? A qualitative study. Singapore Med J 2011; 52:801-809. [PMID: 22173249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive condition in which the pancreatic beta-cell function deteriorates with increasing duration of the disease. When good glycaemic control is not achieved despite adherence to oral hypoglycaemic drugs, healthy diet and lifestyle, insulin should be initiated. However, this is often delayed due to various reasons. We aimed to determine the issues relating to insulin initiation for diabetic patients managed in primary care polyclinics in Singapore. METHODS Qualitative data was obtained during four focus group discussions, with participation from healthcare professionals (HCPs), including physicians and nurses, and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The data was transcribed into text, coded and grouped into themes. RESULTS Launching the topic and doctor-patient communication on insulin therapy were key issues in insulin initiation. Patient barriers to insulin commencement included: refusal to acknowledge the need for insulin therapy; its perception as a social stigma, an inconvenient mode of treatment or punishment for failure; and fear of needles, side-effects and complications. The HCP's attitude and experience with insulin therapy were also possible barriers. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight that insulin initiation is affected by the complex interaction between the patients and HCPs, and other system factors. Patients may harbour misconceptions about insulin due to the late introduction of insulin therapy by HCPs or the way the therapy is being communicated to them. The key issues to address are the disparity in perceptions of diabetic control between HCPs and patients, and education regarding the need for insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tan
- SingHealth Polyclinics-Head Office, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah, #15-10 Connection One (Tower 5), Singapore 150167.
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Pang MF, Annie Tan GY, Abdullah N, Lee CW, Ng CC. Phylogenetic Analysis of Type I and Type II Polyketide Synthase
from Tropical Forest Soil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2008.660.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
The mechanisms by which p53 prevents development of cancer are much more complicated than previously thought. Under normal conditions, p53 is involved in cell-cycle arrest, Q1apoptosis, DNA repair, and inhibition of angiogenesis; it also promotes degradation of proteins through transcriptional regulation of certain target genes. Here we report the isolation of a novel transcriptional target of p53, designated p53RFP (p53-inducible RING-finger protein), whose product has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Its expression was negatively correlated to that of p21(WAF1) protein; p53RFP is likely to play a role in the regulation of this protein, probably through interaction with, and ubiquitination of, p21(WAF1). p53RFP appears to represent the second known example, the first being MDM2, of an E3 ubiquitin ligase as a p53 target. Our results further suggest that p53 might regulate the stability of p21(WAF1) through transcriptional regulation of p53RFP, and this feature may represent a novel mechanism for a p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ching Ng
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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34
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Abstract
Using the differential display method combined with a cell line that carries a well-controlled expression system for wild-type p53, we isolated a p53-inducible gene, termed p53DINP1 (p53-dependent damage-inducible nuclear protein 1). Cell death induced by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), as well as Ser46 phosphorylation of p53 and induction of p53AIP1, were blocked when we inhibited expression of p53DINP1 by means of an antisense oligonucleotide. Overexpression of p53DINP1 and DNA damage by DSBs synergistically enhanced Ser46 phosphorylation of p53, induction of p53AIP1 expression, and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the protein complex interacting with p53DINP1 was shown to phosphorylate Ser46 of p53. Our results suggest that p53DINP1 may regulate p53-dependent apoptosis through phosphorylation of p53 at Ser46, serving as a cofactor for the putative p53-Ser46 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Okamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang ZH, Yu D, Li HK, Chow VW, Ng CC, Chan HB, Cheng SB, Chew EC. Alteration of nuclear matrix protein composition of neuroblastoma cells after arsenic trioxide treatment. Anticancer Res 2001; 21:493-8. [PMID: 11299786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of arsenic trioxide on the nuclear matrix protein profiles of mouse neuroblastoma cells. Arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Our results demonstrated that 2 microM As2O3 could significantly inhibit the growth of Neuro-2a cells. As early as 24 hours after As2O3 treatment, we began to observe the alteration of nuclear matrix proteins and apoptosis in tumor cells by TUNEL assay but not by DNA ladder. An increase expression of Hsc in nuclear matrix proteins of 2 microM As2O3 treated cells was also noted. Our results also showed that before a mass range of apoptosis occurred, the composition of nuclear matrix proteins had altered. Hence the alteration of nuclear matrix proteins, such as increased expression of Hsc, may be a sensitive indicator for the detection of early apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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36
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Hao CF, Wang ZH, Yun JP, Li HK, Ng CC, To KF, Chew-Cheng SB, Chew EC. The measurement of AgNORs in human glioma cells. Anticancer Res 2000; 20:1599-602. [PMID: 10928077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Sixty gliomas obtained by neurosurgical resections were examined. Paraffin blocks were retrieved from pathological files of the Second Affiliated Hospital in Guangzhou Medical College. The methods of argyrophilic technique for AgNORs staining, and Image Analysis System for measurement of AgNORs were used. Six parameters, which included hcount, count, narea, agnrea, agpern and agperc were used to correlated well with histopathological grades (compared grade 2 & 3, grade 3 & 4, and grade 2 & 4, respectively). We concluded that AgNORs is useful in evaluating proliferative activity and assessing the malignancy of human gliomas. It may also be used as a target for anti-neoplastic drugs in the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Hao
- Department of Anatomy, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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37
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Okamura S, Ng CC, Koyama K, Takei Y, Arakawa H, Monden M, Nakamura Y. Identification of seven genes regulated by wild-type p53 in a colon cancer cell line carrying a well-controlled wild-type p53 expression system. Oncol Res 2000; 11:281-5. [PMID: 10691030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We applied a differential display method to screen mRNAs isolated from a newly established cell line that carried a wild-type p53 transgene under control of the lactose operon. To investigate the p53 signaling pathway, we looked for genes whose expression was significantly induced or suppressed by induction of wild-type p53 protein, and identified seven. DNA sequence analyses revealed that the two genes that were upregulated encoded isozyme 6 of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH6) and subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (COI). The five genes that were downregulated encoded protein-tyrosine kinase (Syk), high mobility group chromosomal protein 17 (HMG-17), transferrin receptor, human alpha-tubulin, and sds22-like protein. The results indicated that genes related to cell cycle regulation, cell respiration, and cytoskeletal structure are involved in the process of growth arrest induced by wild-type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Okamura
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Ng CC, Koyama K, Okamura S, Kondoh H, Takei Y, Nakamura Y. Isolation and characterization of a novel TP53-inducible gene, TP53TG3. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1999; 26:329-35. [PMID: 10534768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We applied the differential mRNA display method to isolate genes regulated by wild-type TP53 in cells of a colon-cancer line (SW480) in which we had established an inducible TP53 expression system under the control of the lactose operon. Here we report isolation and characterization of a novel TP53-inducible gene, termed TP53TG3 (TP53 target gene 3). Its DNA sequence was identical to sequences present in two BAC clones that had been mapped to chromosome band 16p13. The gene expressed several transcripts by alternative splicing; the two major transcripts, TP53TG3a and TP53TG3b, encoded 124- and 132-amino-acid peptides that were expressed predominantly in testis. Immunohistochemical analysis using cancer cells (HeLa or H1299) that had been transfected with plasmid DNA designed to express the MYC-fused TP53TG3 proteins indicated that these products were present mainly in the cytoplasm 20 hr after transfection. However, 40 hr after transfection, the recombinant proteins had accumulated in the nuclei of some cells. Because no known nuclear localization domain was present in the amino acid sequence, we suspect that this protein plays an important role in the TP53-mediated signaling pathway, when it forms complexes with other protein(s) and is transferred by them into the nucleus. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26:329-335, 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Ng
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
We report the case of a 5-year-old patient with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) who had a large intracerebral hematoma (ICH) in the left parietal area. HSP complicated by ICH is rare, with only three cases reported in the literature. Conservative treatment with steroid therapy in this patient was successful and no further major neurologic sequelae occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 123, Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan, ROC
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Ng CC, Hung FC, Hsieh CS, Huang SC, Huang SC, Chen CC, Kwok SH. Epidermolysis bullosa letalis with pyloric atresia in an infant. J Formos Med Assoc 1996; 95:61-5. [PMID: 8640099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of inherited diseases, that are characterized by vesiculobullous lesions that arise in response to minimal trauma or friction. The three major groups of EB differ according to the ultrastructural level of cleavage namely: simplex (epidermolytic), junctional and dystrophic (dermolytic). The combination of EB and pyloric atresia in rare and there is a definite association between them. We report a baby boy who died epidermolysis bullosa complications despite successful surgical correction of this pyloric atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Ng
- Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
Mucocele formation is a rare complication of colorectal surgery. We present a case of a mucocele following colostomy and mucosal proctectomy for fecal incontinence. The pathophysiologic and radiologic features are similar to those of mucocele of the appendix.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Roshkow
- Department of Radiology, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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42
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Halpern EJ, Premkumar A, Mullen DJ, Ng CC, Levy HM, Newhouse JH, Amis ES, Sanders LM, Mun IK. Application of region of interest definition to quadtree-based compression of CT images. Invest Radiol 1990; 25:703-7. [PMID: 2354934 DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199006000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A quadtree-based data compression algorithm can provide different levels of compression within and outside of regions of interest (ROIs). The current study shows whether ROI compression can provide greater compression or diagnostic accuracy than uniform quadtree compression. In 75 single CT images from 75 consecutive abdominal examinations, 43 abnormalities were identified and surrounded by ROIs. Three radiologists interpreted the images following (1) 50:1 compression of the entire image; (2) ROI compression at five decreasing compression ratios (with 50:1 compression outside the ROI); and (3) reversible (lossless) compression of the entire image. Reversible compression (compression ratio 3:1) yielded a sensitivity of 96%. ROI compression of 15:1 was achieved with no loss of sensitivity; ROI compression of 28:1 yielded a sensitivity of 91% (not significantly different). At any given compression ratio, diagnostic sensitivity was greater with ROI compression than with uniform quadtree compression. For purposes of image archiving, quadtree-based ROI compression is superior to uniform compression of CT images.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Halpern
- Department of Radiology, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
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