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Kim JM, Park KY, Yu IW, Song TJ, Kim YJ, Kim BJ, Heo SH, Jung JM, Oh KM, Kim CK, Yu S, Park JH, Choi JC, Park MS, Kim JT, Choi KH, Hwang YH, Chung JW, Bang OY, Kim GM, Seo WK. Incidence of oral anticoagulant interruption among stroke patients with atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:900-902. [PMID: 32064742 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We analyzed the incidence and causes of oral anticoagulant (OAC) cessation and subsequent stroke after OAC withdrawal in a cohort of Korean stroke patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS The Korean Atrial Fibrillation Evaluation Registry in Ischemic Stroke patients (K-ATTENTION) is a multicenter cohort study, merging stroke registries from 11 tertiary centers in Korea. The number of OAC interruption episodes and the reasons were reviewed from hospital records. Stroke after OAC withdrawal was defined when a patient experienced ischaemic stroke within 31 days after OAC withdrawal. Clinical variables were compared between patients who experienced stroke recurrence during OAC interruption and those who did not experience recurrence. RESULTS Among 3213 stroke patients with atrial fibrillation, a total of 329 episodes of OAC interruption were detected in 229 patients after index stroke (mean age 72.9 ± 8.3 years, 113 female patients). The most frequent reason for OAC withdrawal was poor compliance [103 episodes (31.3%)] followed by extracranial bleeding [96 episodes (29.2%)]. Stroke after OAC withdrawal was noted in 13 patients. Mean age, vascular risk factor profile and mean CHA2 DS2 -VASc score were not significantly different between patients with and without recurrent stroke. CONCLUSIONS A considerable number of stroke patients with atrial fibrillation experienced temporary interruption of OAC after index stroke, which was associated with stroke recurrence of 4.0 cases per 100 interruption episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-Y Park
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I-W Yu
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T-J Song
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Eunpyeong St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Heo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-M Jung
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Kyungki-Do, Korea
| | - K-M Oh
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C K Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Yu
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Park
- Department of Neurology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - J C Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - M-S Park
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J-T Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - K-H Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Y-H Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - J-W Chung
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - O Y Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G-M Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-K Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kang DO, Kim CK, Park Y, Jang WY, Kim W, Choi JY, Choi CU, Na JO. P3715Impact of sleep-disordered breathing on short-term functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients: a cardiopulmonary coupling analysis using holter-monitoring. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) assessed by conventional polysomnography is reported to have close association with worsened clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke. The cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) analysis using Holter-monitoring is an easily assessable method to evaluate SDB. However, its prognostic impact needs to be investigated.
Purpose
The present study investigated the prognostic impact of SDB defined by CPC analysis using Holter-monitoring at early stage of ischemic stroke on the functional disability at 3-month follow-up.
Methods
Total 692 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent Holter-monitoring were enrolled. The CPC analysis was conducted and SDB was defined as the presence of narrow-band (NB) coupling during sleep time. We investigated the association between SDB and functional disability at 3-month measured by modified Rankin scale (mRS).
Result
The NB coupling was present in 216 (31.2%) of 692 patients with mean age of 64.2±12.8 years. The NB group showed significantly higher proportion of severe functional disability (mRS ≥3; 45.3% vs. 12.3%, p<0.001) and persistent disability (ΔmRS≤0; 42.6% vs. 56.4%, p<0.001) after 3-month. In multivariate analysis, the presence of NB coupling was an independent predictor of higher risk of both severe and persistent functional disability (HR: 3.97; 95% CI: 2.37–6.64; p<0.001; and HR 1.92; 95% CI: 1.34–2.77; p<0.001, respectively). The results were consistent after propensity-score matched analysis with 175 patient pairs (C-statistics=0.759).
Parameters of functional disability Overall population (n=692) PSM population (n=350) no NB (n=476) NB (n=216) OR (95% CI) p-value no NB (n=175) NB (n=175) OR (95% CI) p-value Initial NIHSS ≥5 89 (18.6) 81 (37.5) <0.001 52 (29.7) 52 (29.7) >0.999 Discharge mRS ≥3 146 (30.6) 126 (58.3) <0.001 90 (51.4) 89 (50.8) 0.915 3-month mRS ≥3 59 (12.3) 98 (45.3) 5.86 (4.00–8.60) <0.001 38 (21.7) 72 (41.1) 2.52 (1.57–4.02) <0.001 3-month ΔmRS ≤0 (persisent disability) 203 (42.6) 122 (56.4) 1.74 (1.26–2.41) 0.001 77 (44.0) 100 (57.1) 1.69 (1.11–2.58) 0.014 Data are expressed as n (%). mRS = modified Rankin's scale; NB = narrow-band; NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; OR = odds ratio; PSM = propensity-score matched.
Functional disabilities after 3-month
Conclusion
SDB assessed by CPC analysis at early phase of ischemic stroke was able to predict both greater and persistent functional disability at 3-month. The CPC analysis using Holter-monitoring is a useful modality for predicting functional disabilities in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Kang
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - C K Kim
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Department of Neurology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y Park
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - W Y Jang
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - W Kim
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Y Choi
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - C U Choi
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J O Na
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Kang DO, Kim CK, Park Y, Jang WY, Kim W, Choi JY, Choi CU, Na JO. P5744Sleep-disordered breathing assessed by holter-monitoring is associated to worsened one-year clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients: a cardiopulmonary coupling analysis. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sleep-disorder breathing (SDB) using polysomnography is closely associated to poor functional and clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. The cardiopulmonary coupling analysis using Holter-monitoring (CPC-Holter analysis) is an emerging feasible modality to investigate SDB.
Purpose
We investigated the association between SDB defined by CPC-Holter analysis and one-year clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Methods
Total 666 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent Holter-monitoring were enrolled. The CPC-Holter analysis was conducted and SDB was defined as the presence of narrow-band (NB) coupling during sleep time. Primary outcome was recurrent ischemic stroke, and secondary outcome was major adverse cerebrovascular event (MACE), a composite of recurrent ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and all-cause mortality within one year since discharge.
Result
The NB coupling was present in 205 (30.8%) of 666 patients with mean age of 64.1±12.8 years. The NB group showed significantly higher incidence of both recurrent ischemic stroke (8.3% vs. 1.4%, p<0.001) and MACE (14.9% vs. 3.0%, p<0.001) within one-year. In multivariate analysis, presence of NB coupling remained as an independent predictor of both recurrent ischemic stroke and MACE (HR: 4.81; 95% CI: 1.73–13.4; p=0.003; and HR 4.17; 95% CI: 1.74–10.0; p<0.001, respectively). The results were consistent after propensity-score matched analysis with 164 patient pairs (C-statistics=0.757).
One-year clinical outcomes Overall population (n=666) PSM population (n=328) no NB (=461) NB (n=205) Log-rank p-value OR (95% CI) no NB (n=164) NB (n=164) Log-rank p-value OR (95% CI) Recurrent ischemic stroke 6 (1.4) 14 (8.3) <0.001 5.73 (2.20–14.9) 3 (2.0) 11 (8.1) 0.026 3.85 (1.07–13.8) Transient ischemic attack 3 (0.7) 3 (1.7) 0.275 2 (1.3) 3 (2.1) 0.633 Hemorrhagic stroke 0 (0.0) 2 (1.2) 0.027 0 (0.0) 2 (1.5) 0.148 Total death 3 (0.7) 9 (4.8) 0.001 2 (1.3) 3 (1.9) 0.641 MACEs 12 (3.0) 25 (14.9) <0.001 4.63 (2.06–10.4) 7 (5.2) 17 (13.1) 0.030 2.95 (1.06–8.21) Data are expressed as n (%). CI = confidence interval; MACE = major adverse cardiovascular event; NB = narrow-band; OR = odds ratio.
One-year clinical outcomes
Conclusion
SDB assessed by CPC-Holter analysis at early phase of ischemic stroke is a powerful prognostic marker for predicting one-year adverse clinical outcomes. The CPC analysis using Holter-monitoring is a useful modality and could be easily applied to predict clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Kang
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - C K Kim
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Department of Neurology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y Park
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - W Y Jang
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - W Kim
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Y Choi
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - C U Choi
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J O Na
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonho Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Min
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim CK, Torcaso A, Asimes A, Chung WCJ, Pak TR. Structural and functional characteristics of oestrogen receptor β splice variants: Implications for the ageing brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:10.1111/jne.12488. [PMID: 28514502 PMCID: PMC5693782 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor (ER)β is a multifunctional nuclear receptor that mediates the actions of oestrogenic compounds. Despite its well defined role in mediating the actions of oestrogens, a substantial body of evidence demonstrates that ERβ has a broad range of physiological functions independent of those normally attributed to oestrogen signalling. These functions can partly be achieved by the activity of several alternatively spliced isoforms that have been identified for ERβ. This short review describes structural differences between the ERβ splice variants that are known to be translated into proteins. Moreover, we discuss how these alternative structures contribute to functional differences in the context of both healthy and pathological conditions. Our review also describes the principal factors that regulate alternative RNA splicing. The alternatively spliced isoforms of ERβ are differentially expressed according to brain region, age and hormonal milieu, emphasising the likelihood that there are precise cell-specific mechanisms regulating ERβ alternative splicing. However, despite these correlative data, the molecular factors regulating alternative ERβ splicing in the brain remain unknown. We also review the basic mechanisms that regulate alternative RNA splicing and use that framework to make logical predictions about ERβ alternative splicing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Kim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - A Torcaso
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - A Asimes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - W C J Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - T R Pak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Abstract
Nitrogen-doped nano-onions (NNO) were prepared as electrocatalytic materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The nano-onions (NO), spherical graphitic material particles, were prepared by pyrolysis of nanodiamonds (ND). Oxidized NO (ONO) was prepared from NO by a modified Hummers’ method, and this was mixed with urea, followed by pyrolysis, resulting in the formation of NNO. The nitrogen content and molar ratio of nitrogen-containing groups in the NNOs were varied by controlling the oxygen content of ONO to explore the effect of nitrogen content on the ORR activity. The formation of NO was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses were conducted to confirm the formation of the NNO and the structures of the nitrogen-containing groups in the NNOs. The ORR activities of the NNOs were investigated using a rotating disk electrode. The NNOs showed a higher onset potential than that of NO, and the ORR activity of the NNO could be improved by increasing the number of active sites (nitrogen-containing groups) in the NNO. In addition, the NNO exhibited better long-term stability and resistance toward methanol crossover in the ORR than the platinum-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - C K Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 221 Huksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea.
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Nam KW, Kim CK, Kim TJ, An SJ, Demchuk AM, Kim Y, Jung S, Han MK, Ko SB, Yoon BW. D-dimer as a predictor of early neurologic deterioration in cryptogenic stroke with active cancer. Eur J Neurol 2016; 24:205-211. [PMID: 27766716 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The occurrence of stroke in cancer patients is caused by conventional vascular risk factors and cancer-specific mechanisms. However, cryptogenic stroke in patients with cancer was considered to be more related to cancer-specific hypercoagulability. In this study, we investigated the potential of the D-dimer level to serve as a predictor of early neurologic deterioration (END) in cryptogenic stroke patients with active cancer. METHODS We recruited 109 cryptogenic stroke patients with active cancer within 72 h of symptom onset. We defined END as an increase of ≥1 point in the motor National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or ≥2 points in the total NIHSS score within 72 h of admission. After adjusting for potential confounding factors in the multivariate analysis, we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of D-dimer in the prediction of END. RESULTS Among 109 patients, END events were identified in 34 (31%) patients within 72 h. END was significantly associated with systemic metastasis, multiple vascular territory lesions on the initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), initial NIHSS score and D-dimer levels. In the multivariate analysis, the D-dimer level (adjusted OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17; P < 0.01) and initial NIHSS score (adjusted OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15; P = 0.03) predicted END after adjusting for potential confounding factors. In the subgroup analysis of 72 follow-up MRIs, D-dimer level was also correlated with new territory lesions on the follow-up MRI in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Ischemic stroke patients with active cancer and elevated D-dimer levels appear to be at increased risk for END recurrent thromboembolic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-W Nam
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - C K Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - T J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J An
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - A M Demchuk
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Jung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - M-K Han
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - S-B Ko
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - B-W Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Park YH, Min KA, Song YK, Ham S, Kim CK. Chemically conjugated novel liposomal formulation for intravenous delivery of cyclosporin A. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim TJ, Kim CK, Kim Y, Jung S, Jeong HG, An SJ, Ko SB, Yoon BW. Prolonged sleep increases the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage: a nationwide case-control study. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:1036-43. [PMID: 26945678 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although abnormal sleep duration is positively associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality, the specific impact on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) risk remains unclear. The relationship between sleep duration and the risk of ICH was investigated in our study. METHODS A nationwide, multicentre matched case-control study was performed to investigate the risk factors for haemorrhagic stroke, using patients from 33 hospitals in Korea. In all, 490 patients with ICH and 980 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. Detailed information regarding sleep, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and medical history before ICH onset was obtained using qualified structured questionnaires. Sleep duration was categorized and the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a conditional logistic regression with 7 h as the reference duration. RESULTS The number of subjects with long sleep duration, more than 8 h, was significantly greater in the ICH group than in the control group (≥8 h, 30.4% vs. 22.6%, P = 0.002). After controlling for relevant confounding factors, longer sleep duration was found to be independently associated with the risk of ICH in a dose-response manner (8 h, OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.00-2.47; ≥9 h, OR 5.00, 95% CI 2.18-11.47). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that long sleep duration is positively associated with an increased ICH risk in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies on the relationship linking long sleep duration with increased risk of ICH are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C K Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Neurology, Bucheon St Mary's Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - S Jung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - H-G Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S J An
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S-B Ko
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - B-W Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Min KA, Rosania GR, Kim CK, Shin MC. Functional and cytometric examination of different human lung epithelial cell types as drug transport barriers. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:359-69. [PMID: 26746641 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To develop inhaled medications, various cell culture models have been used to examine the transcellular transport or cellular uptake properties of small molecules. For the reproducible high throughput screening of the inhaled drug candidates, a further verification of cell architectures as drug transport barriers can contribute to establishing appropriate in vitro cell models. In the present study, side-by-side experiments were performed to compare the structure and transport function of three lung epithelial cells (Calu-3, normal human bronchial primary cells (NHBE), and NL-20). The cells were cultured on the nucleopore membranes in the air-liquid interface (ALI) culture conditions, with cell culture medium in the basolateral side only, starting from day 1. In transport assays, paracellular transport across all three types of cells appeared to be markedly different with the NHBE or Calu-3 cells, showing low paracellular permeability and high TEER values, while the NL-20 cells showed high paracellular permeability and low TEER. Quantitative image analysis of the confocal microscope sections further confirmed that the Calu-3 cells formed intact cell monolayers in contrast to the NHBE and NL-20 cells with multilayers. Among three lung epithelial cell types, the Calu-3 cell cultures under the ALI condition showed optimal cytometric features for mimicking the biophysical characteristics of in vivo airway epithelium. Therefore, the Calu-3 cell monolayers could be used as functional cell barriers for the lung-targeted drug transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Min
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gus R Rosania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chong-Kook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Meong Cheol Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju Daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Son HJ, Lee YH, Chae JH, Kim CK. Creatine kinase isoenzyme activity during and after an ultra-distance (200 km) run. Biol Sport 2015; 32:357-361. [PMID: 28479667 PMCID: PMC5394848 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1163384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that creatine kinase (CK) activity in plasma is related to the state of an inflammatory response at 24-48 h, and also it has shown biphasic patterns after a marathon run. No information is available on CK isoenzymes after an ultra-marathon run. The purpose of the present study is to examine the CK isoenzymes after a 200 km ultra-marathon run and during the subsequent recovery. Blood samples were obtained during registration 1 2 h before the 200-km race and during the race at 100 km, 150 km and at the end of 200 km, as well as after a 24 h period of recovery. Thirty-two male ultra-distance runners participated in the study. Serum CPK showed a marked increase throughout the race and 24 h recovery period (p < 0.001). Serum CK during the race occurs mostly in the CK-MM isoform and only minutely in the CK-MB isoform and is unchanged in the CK-BB isoform. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), oestradiol, AST and ALT increased significantly from the pre-race value at 100 km and a further increase took place by the end of the 200 km run. The results of our study demonstrate a different release pattern of creatine kinase after an ultra-distance (200 km) run compared to the studies of marathon running and intense eccentric exercise, and changes in several biomarkers, indicative of muscle damage during the race, were much more pronounced during the latter half (100–200 km) of the race. However, the increases in plasma concentration of muscle enzymes may reflect not only structural damage, but also their rate of clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Son
- Human Physiology, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Human Physiology, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Chae
- Human Physiology, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C K Kim
- Human Physiology, Korea National Sport University, Seoul, Korea
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Jeon TY, Kim CK, Kim JH, Im GH, Park BK, Lee JH. Assessment of early therapeutic response to sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma xenografts by dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20150163. [PMID: 26133222 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) in monitoring early therapeutic response to sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) xenograft models. METHODS Sorafenib (40 mg kg(-1)) was administered orally to BALB/c nude mice (n = 9) bearing subcutaneous tumours of human RCC ACHN xenografts. DCE-MRI and DWI were obtained 0, 1, 3 and 7 days after therapy, and DCE-MRI parameters (K(trans) and ve) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated. Tumour size and volume changes were correlated with changes in DCE-MRI parameters or ADC values after therapy. RESULTS Following therapy, K(trans) showed a significant decrease over time (p = 0.005), whereas ve did not demonstrate significant changes between time points (p = 0.97). ADC values showed a progressive increase over time (p = 0.004). Compared with pre-therapy, K(trans) showed a significant decrease after 3 days of therapy (p = 0.039), and ADC values increased significantly after 7 days (p = 0.039). Tumour size and volume did not show significant changes during 7 days. Tumour size and volume changes were not associated with changes in DCE-MRI parameters or ADC values. CONCLUSION DCE-MRI and DWI may show early physiological changes within 1 week after initiating sorafenib treatment on human RCC xenografts. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI and DWI may offer the potential for assessing early therapeutic response to sorafenib in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Jeon
- 1 Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Kim
- 1 Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- 1 Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G H Im
- 3 Department of Radiology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B K Park
- 1 Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Lee
- 3 Department of Radiology and Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jin SE, Kim IS, Kim CK. Comparative effects of PEG-containing liposomal formulations on in vivo pharmacokinetics of streptokinase. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:1822-9. [PMID: 25851624 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Streptokinase (SK) is an effective thrombolytic agent, but it has a short half-life due to its rapid elimination from the body. In this study, we prepared and evaluated polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-based liposomal formulations (PEG-liposomes) containing SK with a view toward prolonging its circulatory half-life. SK-bearing liposomes (SK-liposomes) were prepared using freeze-thaw method after film hydration and extrusion techniques, composed of phosphatidylcholine [egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC), dipalmitoyl PC, or distearoyl PC], cholesterol and cholesterol-3-sulfate with or without PEG. Their physicochemical properties were characterized by the measurement of size and zeta potential and incorporation efficiency. SK-liposomal formulations were applied to rats through a femoral vein via intravenous administration to compare the effects of liposomal delivery and PEG on the half-life of SK in blood. Free SK was used as a control. SK activities in plasma were measured to estimate the amidolytic activity of SK-plasminogen complex after rupturing liposomes with Triton X-100. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained from SK activity-time profiles. The SK-liposomes had a homogenous distribution of negatively charged nanoparticles at the range of 10-33% of the incorporation efficiencies of SK. Among the SK-liposomes, SK-EPC- and SK-EPC/PEG-liposomes had injectable diameters (<200 nm). SK was administered as free SK, SK-EPC-liposomes, or SK-EPC/PEG-liposomes for in vivo study. SK-EPC/PEG-liposomes had significantly greater the t(1/2), AUC(∞) and MRT values of SK than SK alone or SK-EPC-liposomes. These findings suggest that PEG-liposomal incorporation of SK enhances thrombolytic activity in vivo, and that such liposomes can be utilized to enhance the pharmacokinetic profiles of other therapeutic proteins with a short biological half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Ko HR, Kim CK, Lee SB, Song J, Lee KH, Kim KK, Park KW, Cho SW, Ahn JY. P42 Ebp1 regulates the proteasomal degradation of the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K by recruiting a chaperone-E3 ligase complex HSP70/CHIP. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1131. [PMID: 24651434 PMCID: PMC3973206 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The short isoform of ErbB3-binding protein 1 (Ebp1), p42, is considered to be a potent tumor suppressor in a number of human cancers, although the mechanism by which it exerts this tumor-suppressive activity is unclear. Here, we report that p42 interacts with the cSH2 domain of the p85 subunit of phosphathidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), leading to inhibition of its lipid kinase activity. Importantly, we found that p42 induces protein degradation of the p85 subunit and further identified HSP70/CHIP complex as a novel E3 ligase for p85 that is responsible for p85 ubiquitination and degradation. In this process, p42 couples p85 to the HSP70/CHIP-mediated ubiquitin–proteasomal system (UPS), thereby promoting a reduction of p85 levels both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the tumor-suppressing effects of p42 in cancer cells are driven by negative regulation of the p85 subunit of PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Ko
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - C K Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - S B Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - J Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-H Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - K K Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - K W Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - S-W Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-Y Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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15
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Jin SE, Kim CK. Charge-mediated topical delivery of plasmid DNA with cationic lipid nanoparticles to the skin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:582-90. [PMID: 24631964 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cationic lipid nanoparticles (cLNs) were modified to develop a gene delivery system for topical use via a dermal route. The cLNs were formulated using high pressure homogenization method and were composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), Tween 20, and tricaprin as a solid core (1:1:1:1.67, w/w). The prepared cLNs were nanoscale-sized (<100 nm) and were highly positive (51 mV). The cLN/DNA complexes demonstrated enhanced transfection potential in the cells at the optimal ratio without cytotoxic effects. To evaluate its efficacy in topical application, in vitro skin transfer of the cLN/DNA complexes was monitored using the measurement of the surface zeta potential of hairless mouse skin and validated using confocal microscopy of the sectioned skin. The in vivo delivery of plasmid DNA with the cLN formulation was examined using the relative expression levels of mRNA after non-invasive application with the cLN/DNA complexes on hair-removed dorsal skin of mice. The cLNs successfully transferred plasmid DNA to the skin, which was facilitated by the charge-mediated interaction between the cLN/DNA complexes and the skin. These results suggest the promising potential of cLNs as a topical gene delivery system for gene vaccine delivery and cutaneous gene therapy in preclinical and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Kim SH, Kim JE, Kim YH, Kang BC, Heo SB, Kim CK, Park WK. An assessment of oropharyngeal airway position using a fibreoptic bronchoscope. Anaesthesia 2014; 69:53-7. [PMID: 24320857 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selecting the appropriate oropharyngeal airway for safe and effective airway management is important in clinical practice. In this prospective observational study, we examined the position of the distal end of oropharyngeal airways using a fibreoptic bronchoscope. We enrolled 149 adults (72 men and 77 women). The correct airway size was determined by inserting four adult sizes Guedel airway (Hudson RCI; Teleflex Medical, Research Triangle, Park, NC, USA) (sizes 8, 9, 10 and 11) sequentially in anaesthetised patients. The 'best fit' airway was size 10 in 45 (62%) men, and size 9 in 58 (75%) women. However, when these airways were inserted, the distal end of the airway either touched or passed beyond the epiglottis tip in 20 (27%) men and six (8%) women, respectively. When a size-9 airway was inserted in men and a size-8 airway inserted in women, the distal ends were obstructed by the tongue in three (2%) patients. In conclusion, a size-9 airway in men and a size-8 airway in women are the most acceptable sizes for adults of average height.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anaesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Jin HE, Kim IB, Kim CK, Maeng HJ. Determination of cefdinir levels in rat plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of cefdinir. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1423-30. [PMID: 23712418 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of cefdinir in rat plasma and urine. Following a simple protein precipitation using methanol, chromatographic separation was achieved with a run time of 10 min using a Synergi 4 µ polar-RP 80A column (150 × 2.0 mm, 4 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol (65:35, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The protonated precursor and product ion transitions for cefdinir (m/z 396.1 → 227.2) and cefadroxil, an internal standard (m/z 364.2 → 208.0) were monitored in the multiple reaction monitoring in positive ion mode. The calibration curves for plasma and urine were linear over the concentration range 10-10,000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 10 ng/mL. All accuracy values were between 95.1 and 113.0% and the intra- and inter-day precisions were <13.0% relative standard deviation. The stability under various conditions in rat plasma and urine was also found to be acceptable at three concentrations. The developed method was applied successfully to the pharmacokinetic study of cefdinir after oral and intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Cho KS, Park CW, Kim CK, Jeon HY, Kim WG, Lee SJ, Kim YM, Lee JY, Choi YD. Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:503-7. [PMID: 23708462 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have promoted the root-derived Korean red ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng) as alternative treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), and ginsenosides are known to be the principal active ingredients of ginseng. Recent studies showed that ginseng berries produce more ginsenosides than KRG; thus, we investigated the ability of the Korean ginseng berry extract GB0710 to relax the penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) in this study. As a comparative control, the results were compared to those obtained using KRG. In addition, possible mechanisms of action for GB0710 were investigated. While KRG and GB0710 both displayed dose-dependent relaxation effects on precontracted rabbit CCSM in vitro, GB0710 was shown to be more potent than KRG. The GB0710-induced relaxation could be partially reduced by removing the endothelium. In addition, pre-treatment with several nitric oxide (NO) inhibitors significantly inhibited the relaxation of muscle strips. Furthermore, administration of GB0710 increased intracavernosal pressure (ICP) in a rat in vivo model in both a dose- and duration-dependent manner. Intracellular NO production in human microvascular endothelial cells could be induced by GB0710 and inhibited by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine. In conclusion, GB0710 had a greater relaxation effect on rabbit CCSM than did KRG extract, and increased ICP in a rat model in both a dose- and a duration-dependent manner. This relaxing effect might be mediated by NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Cho
- Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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19
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Lee SH, Park HK, Ryu WS, Lee JS, Bae HJ, Han MK, Lee YS, Kwon HM, Kim CK, Park ES, Chung JW, Jung KH, Roh JK. Effects of celecoxib on hematoma and edema volumes in primary intracerebral hemorrhage: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur J Neurol 2013; 20:1161-9. [PMID: 23551657 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the effect of celecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2, in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled, and open with blinded end-point trial of 44 Korean patients 18 years or older with ICH within 24 h of onset. The intervention group (n = 20) received celecoxib (400 mg twice a day) for 14 days. The control group (n = 24) received the standard medical treatment for ICH. The primary end-point was the number of patients with a change in the volume of perihematomal edema (PHE) from the 1st to the 7th ± 1 day (cut-off value, 20%). RESULTS The time from onset to computed tomography scan slightly differed between groups (177 ± 160 min for control vs. 297 ± 305 min for the celecoxib group; P = 0.10). In the primary end-point analysis using cut-off values, there was a significant shift to reduced expansion of PHE in the celecoxib group (P = 0.005). With respect to the secondary end-points, there was also a significant shift to reduced expansion of ICH in the celecoxib group (P = 0.046). In addition, the expansion rate of PHE at follow-up tended to be higher in the control group than in the celecoxib group (90.6 ± 91.7% vs. 44.4 ± 64.9%; P = 0.058). CONCLUSIONS In our small, pilot trial, administration of celecoxib in the acute stage of ICH was associated with a smaller expansion of PHE than that observed in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Ban E, Kim CK. Design and evaluation of ondansetron liquid suppository for the treatment of emesis. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:586-92. [PMID: 23430761 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The thermosensitive-mucoadhesive ondansetron liquid suppository (tmOLS) was developed to enhance patient compliance and bioavailability in high-risk patients receiving highly emetogenic therapy and having difficulty in swallowing, The thermosensitive-mucoadhesive liquid suppository bases were formulated using poloxamers (P407 and P188) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC). The physicochemical properties of the liquid suppository bases were characterized by their gelation temperature, mucoadhesive force, rheological properties, and in vitro release. Rectal mucosal damage following rectal administration of tmOLS in rats was assessed using microscopy. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed to compare tmOLS administered via the rectal route to ondansetron solution administered orally. The liquid suppository base of tmOLS contained P407, P188, and HPMC in the ratio 18:20:0.8, was in the liquid state at room temperature, underwent gelation at body temperature. Area under the curve and half-life (t1/2) of ondansetron were significantly higher in the tmOLS-treated group, indicating that the formulation bypassed the first-pass metabolism and that it was released slowly from the tmOLS because of the formation of mucoadhesive gel state. Furthermore, the t1/2 of tmOLS was two-fold that of the oral solution. Thus, tmOLS could be administered to patients who have difficulty in swallowing; however, adjustments in dosing interval may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Ban
- Collegeof Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Jin SE, Kim CK. Long-term stable cationic solid lipid nanoparticles for the enhanced intracellular delivery of SMAD3 antisense oligonucleotides in activated murine macrophages. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013; 15:467-82. [PMID: 22974792 DOI: 10.18433/j3z312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-term stable cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLNs) were formulated to transfer SMAD3 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) into the cells to enhance the intracellular activity of the ASOs. The SMAD3 ASOs were designed to block the inflammatory processes linked to TGFβ/SMAD3 pathway. METHODS The cSLN formulation was prepared by high-pressure homogenization method composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP), dioleoylphosphoethanolamine (DOPE), Tween 20, and tricaprin as a solid lipid core (1:1:1:1.67, w/w). The size and the zeta potential of the prepared cSLNs were measured by light scattering. The cSLN/ASO complexes were generated and introduced into the murine macrophage cells. After the treatment of the complexes, the cellular uptake of the complexes was determined by flow cytometry and the intracellular activity of SMAD3 ASOs from the complexes was evaluated by western blotting of SMAD3. In addition, TGFβ1, an upstream molecule of TGFβ/SMAD3 pathway, was monitored by ELISA. RESULTS The nano-scale sized cSLNs were positively charged and physically stable at 4oC during the storage up to 24 months. The uptake efficiency of the cSLN/ASO complexes into macrophage cells was enhanced up to 80% without cytotoxicity. After the treatment of the cSLN/ASO complexes, SMAD3 as well as TGFβ1 was significantly suppressed based on the SMAD3 ASO activity in the macrophage cells. In addition, the cSLN/ASO complexes prevented the morphological change to dendritic shape in the activated macrophage cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the cSLNs have a potential to deliver the SMAD3 ASOs to intracellular compartments for the anti-inflammatory effect. The development of this strategy might lead to anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic therapies in immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Oh KT, Pyun KB, Kim CK, Choi YS, Yoon JY. Design optimization of a centrifugal pump impeller and volute using computational fluid dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/15/3/032025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jeong EJ, Maeng HJ, Lee HJ, Kim Y, Kim CK. Effect of adjuvant on pharmacokinetics, organ distribution and humoral immunity of hepatitis b surface antigen after intramuscular injection to rats. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1621-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Lee BJ, Choi HG, Kim CK, Parrott KA, Ayres JW, Sack RL. Solubility and stability of melatonin in propylene glycol and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin vehicles. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 20:560-5. [PMID: 18982260 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/1997] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of melatonin (MT) in propylene glycol (PG) and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2-HPbetaCD) vehicles were characterized. MT was endothermally decomposed as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Melting point and heat of fusion obtained were 116.9+/-0.24 degrees C and 7249+/-217 cal/mol, respectively. MT as received from a manufacture was very pure, at least 99.9%. The solubility of MT in PG solution increased slowly until reaching 40% PG and then steeply increased. Solubility of MT increased linearly as concentration of 2-HPbetaCD without PG increased (R(2)=0.993). MT solubility in the mixtures of PG and 2-HPbetaCD also increased linearly but was less than the sum of its solubility in 2-HPbetaCD and PG individually. The MT solubility was low in water, simulated gastric or intestinal fluid but the highest in the mixture of PG (40 v/v%) and 2-HPbetaCD (30 w/v%) although efficiency of MT solubilization in 2-HPbetaCD decreased as the concentration of PG increased. MT was degraded in a fashion of the first order kinetics (r(2)>0.90). MT was unstable in strong acidic solution (HCl-NaCl buffer, pH 1.4) but relatively stable in other pH values of 4 approximately 10 at 70 degrees C. In HCl-NaCl buffer, MT in 10% PG was more quickly degraded and then slowed down at a higher concentration. However, the degradation rate constant of MT in 2-HPbetaCD was not changed significantly when compared to the water. The current studies can be applied to the dosage formulations for the purpose of enhancing percutaneous absorption or bioavailability of MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Lee
- Biological Rhythm and Controlled Release Lab., College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 200-701, Chuncheon, Korea
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Park Y, Noh HJ, Han L, Kim HS, Kim YJ, Choi JS, Kim CK, Kim YS, Cho S. Artemisia capillaris extracts as a green factory for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antibacterial activities. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:7087-95. [PMID: 23035437 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.6575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report a green synthesis of silver nanoparticles that uses extracts from the aerial part of Artemisia capillaris. Both water and 70% ethanol extracts successfully generated silver nanoparticles. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance bands, Fourier transform-infrared spectra, high resolution-transmission electron and atomic force microscopic images. Various shapes of silver nanoparticles were generated with an average diameter of 29.71 nm with water extract and 29.62 nm with 70% ethanol extract. An improvement in antibacterial activity (MIC 8.35-16.7 microg/mL) was observed against a total of twenty different strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. A remarkable enhancement (approximately 12-fold) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Klebsiella areogenes when compared with the extract alone. Silver nanoparticles produced by the 70% ethanol extract showed slightly higher antibacterial activity than those generated with the water extract. The correlation between total flavonoid content of each extract and the antibacterial activity did not exert any significant relationships. This report suggests that plant extracts have the potential to be used as powerful reducing agents for the production of biocompatible silver nanoparticles possessing enhanced antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
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Jin SE, Kim CK, Kim YB. Cellular delivery of cationic lipid nanoparticle-based SMAD3 antisense oligonucleotides for the inhibition of collagen production in keloid fibroblasts. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:19-26. [PMID: 22705642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SMAD3 is a key player in the TGFβ signaling pathway as a primary inducer of fibrosis. The inhibition of SMAD3 production is one strategy to alleviate fibrosis in keloid fibroblasts. In the present study, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) against SMAD3 were designed to specifically block the expression of SMAD3. The cationic lipid nanoparticles (cLNs) were formulated to enhance an intracellular activity of SMAD3 ASOs in keloid fibroblasts. This formulation was prepared using melt-homogenization method, composed of 3-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamol] cholesterol (DC-Chol), dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), Tween20, and trimyristin as a lipid core (1:1:1:1.3, w/w). The size and zeta potential of cLNs and cLN/ASO complexes were measured using light scattering. AFM was used to confirm the morphology and the size distribution of cLNs and cLN/ASO complexes. The prepared cLNs had a nano-scale sized spherical shape with highly positive charge, which were physically stable without aggregation during the storage. The cLN/SMAD3 ASO complexes were successfully generated and internalized onto keloid fibroblasts without toxicity. After the treatment with cLN/ASO complexes, SMAD3 was inhibited and collagen type I was also significantly suppressed in keloid fibroblasts. These results suggest that SMAD3 ASOs complexed with cLNs have a therapeutic potential to suppress collagen deposition in fibrotic diseases. Therefore, this strategy might be developed to lead to anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Eon Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jee JP, Jin SE, Ban E, Lee HJ, Park Y, Park Y, Maeng HJ, Kim HT, Kim CK. Isolation and identification of steroidogenic peptides from calf spleen. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:653-8. [PMID: 22553058 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since women with climacteric syndrome have significantly lower serum levels of estradiol and other related hormones, hormone replacement therapies (HRT) such as estrogen are needed to lessen symptoms. However, HRT can often cause severe adverse effects that include many cancers and stroke. Therefore, new and novel approaches to relieve climacteric syndrome still need to be developed. The aim of this study was to identify biologically active peptides from calf spleen that are responsible for stimulating biosynthesis of steroid hormone and to explore the potential of isolated peptides as therapeutic agents for menopausal syndrome. The reverse phase HPLC system was used to isolate active compounds from calf spleen extract, a cell culture system was used to screen the activity of stimulating hormone secretion, and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry was used for molecular weight determination. In the present study, two calf steroidogenic peptides, CSP-1 (MW; 4.655 kDa) and CSP-2 (MW; 8.331 kDa), were isolated and identified from calf spleen and may be putative climacteric syndrome therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Pil Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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Noh HJ, Im AR, Kim HS, Sohng JK, Kim CK, Kim YS, Cho S, Park Y. Antibacterial activity and increased freeze-drying stability of sialyllactose-reduced silver nanoparticles using sucrose and trehalose. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:3884-3895. [PMID: 22852321 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.6169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The resistance to current antibiotics results in the emergence of health-threatening bacteria. Silver nanoparticles are known to exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activities without the development of resistance. Herein, we developed a green synthetic method for the preparation of silver nanoparticles with sialyllactose instead of toxic chemicals as a reducing agent, which would improve its therapeutic applicability and increase its biocompatibility. Oven incubation, autoclaving and microwave irradiation methods were applied to prepare the silver nanoparticles. High resolution-transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images revealed mostly spherical and amorphous silver nanoparticles with an average diameter of 23.64 nm. Fourier Transform-infrared spectra suggest that the N-H amide of sialyllactose might be involved in the binding of silver nanoparticles. Based on thermogravimetric analyses, 2,3-sialyllactose-reduced silver nanoparticles are composed of 54.3 wt% organic components and 45.7 wt% metallic silver. Enhanced antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles (approximately 8-fold) were observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium (minimum inhibitory concentration 16 microg/mL). Next, we employed the use of carbohydrate stabilizers to increase the stability of silver nanoparticles during a freeze-drying process. It was found that sucrose and trehalose were the most effective stabilizers. In addition, silver nanoparticles possessed excellent salt stability as well as on-the-shelf stability in the presence of these stabilizers. Derivatives of sialic acid are known to be anti-influenza agents; therefore, the newly prepared silver nanoparticles may serve as useful antibacterial and antiviral agents to cope with both pathogenic bacteria and viruses in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jung Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The main determinant of muscle carnosine (M-Carn) content is undoubtedly species, with, for example, aerobically trained female vegetarian athletes [with circa 13 mmol/kg dry muscle (dm)] having just 1/10th of that found in trained thoroughbred horses. Muscle fibre type is another key determinant, as type II fibres have a higher M-Carn or muscle histidine containing dipeptide (M-HCD) content than type I fibres. In vegetarians, M-Carn is limited by hepatic synthesis of β-alanine, whereas in omnivores this is augmented by the hydrolysis of dietary supplied HCD’s resulting in muscle levels two or more times higher. β-alanine supplementation will increase M-Carn. The same increase in M-Carn occurs with administration of an equal molar quantity of carnosine as an alternative source of β-alanine. Following the cessation of supplementation, M-Carn returns to pre-supplementation levels, with an estimated t1/2 of 5–9 weeks. Higher than normal M-Carn contents have been noted in some chronically weight-trained subjects, but it is unclear if this is due to the training per se, or secondary to changes in muscle fibre composition, an increase in β-alanine intake or even anabolic steroid use. There is no measureable loss of M-Carn with acute exercise, although exercise-induced muscle damage may result in raised plasma concentrations in equines. Animal studies indicate effects of gender and age, but human studies lack sufficient control of the effects of diet and changes in muscle fibre composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Harris
- Junipa Ltd, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 8HD, UK.
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Park DM, Song YK, Jee JP, Kim HT, Kim CK. Development of chitosan-based ondansetron buccal delivery system for the treatment of emesis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:1077-83. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.639076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kim JK, Jee JP, Park JS, Kim H, Kim CK. Reverse-phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry for the quantification of pseudoephedrine in human plasma and application to a bioequivalence study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 61:276-81. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1296199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeong-Sook Park
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development
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Choi JY, Jin SE, Park Y, Lee HJ, Park Y, Maeng HJ, Kim CK. Development of coated nifedipine dry elixir as a long acting oral delivery with bioavailability enhancement. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1711-7. [PMID: 22076771 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-1015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
To develop the long acting nifedipine oral delivery with bioavailability enhancement, a nifedipine dry elixir (NDE) containing nifedipine ethanol solution in dextrin shell was prepared using a spray-dryer, and then coated nifedipine dry elixir (CNDE) was prepared by coating NDE with Eudragit acrylic resin. The physical characteristics and bioavailability of NDE and CNDE were evaluated, and then compared to those of nifedipine powder. NDE and CNDE, which were spherical in shape, had about 6.64 and 8.68-8.75 μm of geometric mean diameters, respectively. The amount of nifedipine dissolved from NDE for 60 min increased about 7- and 40-fold compared to nifedipine powder in pH 1.2 simulated gastric fluid and pH 6.8 simulated intestinal fluid, respectively. Nifedipine released from CNDE was retarded in both dissolution media compared with that from NDE. After oral administration of NDE, the C(max) and AUC(0→8h) of nifedipine in rat increased about 13- and 7-fold, respectively, and the Tmax of nifedipine was reduced significantly compared with those after oral administration of nifedipine powder alone. The AUC(0→8h) and T(max) of nifedipine in CNDE increased markedly and the C(max) of nifedipine in CNDE was significantly reduced compared to those in NDE. It is concluded that CNDE, which could lower the initial burst-out plasma concentration and maintain the plasma level of nifedipine over a longer period with bioavailability enhancement, might be one of potential alternatives to the marketed long acting oral delivery system for nifedipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Moon JW, Park BK, Kim CK, Park SY. Evaluation of virtual unenhanced CT obtained from dual-energy CT urography for detecting urinary stones. Br J Radiol 2011; 85:e176-81. [PMID: 21896665 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/19566194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to determine if virtual unenhanced CT (VUCT) is equivalent to unenhanced CT (UCT) for detecting urinary stones. METHODS Our institutional review board approved this retrospective study, which was compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. A total of 80 stones were detected in 32 patients among 146 consecutive patients undergoing dual-energy CT urography. The number and size of stones were recorded on nephrographic VUCT (NVUCT) and excretory VUCT (EVUCT) images, respectively. UCT was a reference of standard for the number and size of stones. Image quality of VUCT was qualitatively assessed using a five-point scale. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with post-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS 62 stones in 29 patients were detected on NVUCT and 59 stones in 27 patients were detected on EVUCT. The size of stones detected on NVUCT or EVUCT was significantly smaller compared with stones on UCT (p<0.05). The size of stones detected on UCT, NVUCT and EVUCT ranged from 1.4 to 19.2 mm (mean, 4.6 mm), 0 to 19.2 mm (mean, 3.6 mm) and 0 to 18.7 mm (mean, 3.6 mm), respectively. 18 stones were missed on NVUCT and 21 were missed on EVUCT. The sizes ranged from 1.4 to 3.2 mm (mean, 2.1 mm) and 1.4 to 3.2 mm (mean, 2.2 mm) on UCT, respectively. VUCT was inferior to UCT regarding image quality (p<0.05). CONCLUSION VUCT missed a significant number of small stones probably owing to poor image quality compared with UCT. Subsequently, VUCT cannot replace UCT for detecting urinary stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Moon
- The Department of Radiology and Centre for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim CK, Jang SM, Park BK. Diffusion tensor imaging of normal prostate at 3 T: effect of number of diffusion-encoding directions on quantitation and image quality. Br J Radiol 2011; 85:e279-83. [PMID: 21896666 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/21316959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate differences of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using a different number of diffusion-encoding directions and to evaluate the feasibility of tractography in healthy prostate at 3 T. METHOD 12 healthy volunteers underwent DTI with single-shot echo-planar imaging at 3 T using a phased-array coil. Diffusion gradients of each DTI were applied in 6 (Group 1), 15 (Group 2) and 32 (Group 3) non-collinear directions. For each group, the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotrophy (FA) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were measured in the peripheral zone (PZ) and central gland (CG). The quality of diffusion-weighted and tractographic images were also evaluated. RESULTS In all three groups, the mean ADC value of the CG was statistically lower than that of the PZ (p<0.01) and the mean FA value of the CG was statistically greater than that of the PZ (p<0.01). For the mean FA value of the CG, no statistical difference was seen among the three groups (p=0.052). However, the mean FA value of the PZ showed a statistical difference among the three groups (p=0.035). No significant difference in SNR values was seen among the three groups (p>0.05). Imaging quality of diffusion-weighted tractographic images was rated as satisfactory or better in all three groups and was similar among the three groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, prostate DTI at 3 T was feasible with different numbers of diffusion-encoding directions. The number of diffusion-encoding directions did not have a significant effect on imaging quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Kim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Park Y, Im AR, Hong YN, Kim CK, Kim YS. Detection of malathion, fenthion and methidathion by using heparin-reduced gold nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:7570-7578. [PMID: 22097460 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Green-synthesized gold nanoparticles were utilized for the detection of organophosphorous pesticides. Heparin, one of glycosaminoglycans, was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The reaction conditions were optimized, and high resolution-transmission electron microscopic images revealed gold nanoparticles of various shapes. Organophosphorous pesticides in water were detected by simply mixing them with gold nanoparticles. NaCl induced a color change in the mixed solution from wine-red to purple-blue that was dependent on the pesticide concentration in the range of 10-1,000 ppb. Gold nanoparticles were immobilized on a silica gel matrix in order to prepare solid supports for removing pesticides. The incorporation of atomic gold and heparin bound to 2 g of silica gel was determined 4,058 ppm and 33 microg as measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry and carbazole assay, respectively. AuNPs-immobilized silica gel columns were successfully applied for removing fenthion in water confirmed by RP-HPLC and FT-IR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749, Republic of Korea
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Oh EK, Jin SE, Kim JK, Park JS, Park Y, Kim CK. Retained topical delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid using cationic ultradeformable liposomes for photodynamic therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 44:149-57. [PMID: 21782942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), inducing photodynamic protoporphyrin (PpIX), is a hydrophilic molecule, resulting in leashing the capacity to cross tissue barriers like stratum corneum (SC) of skin. Here, we aimed to develop 5-ALA loaded ultradeformable liposomes (UDL) with different surface charges, and to investigate their physicochemical characteristics and capability for the skin penetration and retention of 5-ALA for topical photodynamic therapy (PDT). The effects of surface charges of UDL on in vitro permeation of 5-ALA and in vivo accumulation of 5-ALA-induced PpIX in viable skin were determined and then compared with conventional neutral liposomes (nLiposome). All UDL showed smaller particle size and better deformability than nLiposome. However, entrapment efficiency of 5-ALA was similar to each vesicle. Among vesicles, the cationic UDL (cUDL) demonstrated higher stability and permeability, and could deliver 5-ALA into deep skin tissue by topical application. Moreover, the 5-ALA loaded in cUDL was long retained, and induced more amount of PpIX in viable skin than those in other UDL and nLiposome. Considering that the conversion of 5-ALA into PpIX occurs preferentially in epidermis, these results suggested that topical delivery of 5-ALA loaded in cUDL could be an interesting proposal to optimize PDT related to 5-ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Song YK, Hyun SY, Kim HT, Kim CK, Oh JM. Transdermal delivery of low molecular weight heparin loaded in flexible liposomes with bioavailability enhancement: comparison with ethosomes. J Microencapsul 2011; 28:151-8. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2010.507880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Suh DI, Lee JK, Kim CK, Koh YY. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate, and the presence and degree of atopy in young children with asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:338-45. [PMID: 21255136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a characteristic feature of asthma, and is usually measured by bronchial challenges using direct or indirect stimuli. The relationship between atopy and BHR remains to be clarified, particularly in a population selected for asthma. Furthermore, data for young children are limited, although asthma frequently occurs in early childhood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate methacholine (direct stimulus) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) (indirect stimulus) responsiveness according to the presence and degree of atopy in young children with asthma. METHODS A retrospective analysis of data from 122 preschool children (median age [range]: 5.3 years [4.0-6.8]) presenting with the diagnosis of asthma was performed. These children were characterized by skin-prick tests (SPTs) and bronchial challenges with methacholine and AMP, using a modified auscultation method. The end-point concentration, resulting in audible wheezing and/or oxygen desaturation, was determined for each challenge. Atopy was defined by at least one positive reaction to SPTs, and its degree was assessed using serum total IgE levels, number of positive SPTs, and atopic scores (sum of graded weal size). RESULTS Atopic patients (n=97) had a significantly lower AMP end-point concentration than non-atopic patients (n=25), whereas the methacholine end-point concentration was not different between the two groups. Among the atopic patients, there was no association between the methacholine end-point concentration and any of the atopy parameters. By contrast, a significant association was found between the AMP end-point concentration and the degree of atopy reflected in serum total IgE and atopic scores (χ² test for trend, P=0.001, 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Young children with atopic asthma had a significantly greater AMP responsiveness than those with non-atopic asthma, whereas methacholine responsiveness was not significantly different between the two groups. The degree of atopy appeared to be an important factor in AMP responsiveness, but not in methacholine responsiveness, and thus might be a marker of airway inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Park SH, Choi SS, Oh SA, Kim CK, Cho SJ, Lee JH, Ryu SH, Pak SH, Jung SK, Lee JI, Park GY, Choi SM, Chae YZ, Kang BH, Cheon DS, Kim HS. Detection and characterization of enterovirus associated with herpangina and hand, foot, and mouth disease in Seoul, Korea. Clin Lab 2011; 57:959-967. [PMID: 22239028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human enteroviruses (HEVs) are a major cause of herpangina, HFMD (hand, foot, and mouth disease), and other neurological diseases in Seoul, Korea. METHODS A total of 56 specimens from hospitalized patients collected from February to December 2009 (37 females and 19 males) in Seoul were tested for HEV from stool, throat swab, and vesicle swab samples taken from patients with herpangina or HFMD using cell culture and RT-PCR in 2009. By the 1D gene, encoding the VP1 capsid protein, seven different HEV genotypes were detected with Coxsackievirus A2, A4, A5, A9, A16 (CA), Coxsackievirus B1 (CB), and Enterovirus 71 (EV71). The most prevalent genotype was CA16 (6, 10.7%), followed by CA2 (4, 7.1%), CA5 (4, 7.1%), EV71 (2, 3.6%), CA4 (1, 1.8%), CA9 (1, 1.8%), and CB1 (1, 1.8%). The 1D gene sequences of two EV71 strains were closely related with one another (98.5% nucleotide similarity) and belonged to the C4 genotype. CONCLUSIONS It is important to continuously survey the genetic characteristics of EV71 and CA16 from patients, which will provide useful data that aids in our understanding of HFMD infections in Seoul, Korea and may contribute to future control.
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MESH Headings
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Child, Preschool
- Coxsackievirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coxsackievirus Infections/virology
- Disease Outbreaks
- Enterovirus/genetics
- Enterovirus/isolation & purification
- Enterovirus A, Human/genetics
- Enterovirus A, Human/isolation & purification
- Enterovirus B, Human/genetics
- Enterovirus B, Human/isolation & purification
- Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology
- Enterovirus Infections/virology
- Feces/virology
- Female
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology
- Herpangina/epidemiology
- Herpangina/virology
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Pharynx/virology
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Republic of Korea/epidemiology
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Virus Team, 202-3, Yangjae-Dong, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-734, Republic of Korea.
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Park SH, Kim EJ, Oh SA, Kim CK, Choi SS, Cho SJ, Han KY, Lee JI, Kim MY, Jung HS, Chun DS, Kim HS. Viral agents associated with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea. Clin Lab 2011; 57:59-65. [PMID: 21391466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was carried out to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of viral gastroenteritis and determine the phylogenetic composition of norovirus strains detected in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS In total, 10,603 stool samples were collected from 2004 to 2008 and tested by RT-PCR or ELISA. In 4,170 (39.3%) samples at least one viral pathogen was present. Rotavirus (RoV) (1,864, 17.5%) was found to be the causative agent followed by norovirus (NoV) (1,845, 17.4%), human adenovirus (HAdV) (266, 2.5%), human astrovirus (HAstV) (194, 1.8%), and sapovirus (SV) (1, 0.009%). Five GI genotypes (GI-1, GI-3, GI-4, GI-8, and GI-9) and eight GII genotypes (GII-2, GII-3, GII-4, GII-6, GII-7, GII-12, GII-16, and GII-17) of NoV were identified in acute gastroenteritis patients in 2008. CONCLUSIONS The genetic characteristics of norovirus and the epidemiologic patterns of a viral pathogen from acute gastroenteritis patients may give potentially effective data for epidemiological studies in Seoul, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment, Virus team, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JA, Kim CK, Jahng GH, Hwang LK, Cho YW, Kim YJ, Lee WH, Moon SJ, Cho AR, Bahn GH. A pilot study of brain activation in children with trichotillomania during a visual-tactile symptom provocation task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:1250-8. [PMID: 20637819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In order to reveal the etiology and pathophysiology of trichotillomania (TTM), it is necessary to investigate which brain regions are involved in TTM, but limited knowledge exists regarding the neurobiology of TTM and the available functional neuroimaging studies of TTM are little. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the specific brain regions involved in the pathophysiology of TTM with symptom provocation task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for children and adolescents with TTM. METHODS Pediatric subjects who met the DSM-IV TR criteria for TTM (n=9) and age-, sex-, handedness-, IQ matched healthy controls (HC) (n=10), ages 9 to 17 years, were recruited for two fMRI experiments; symptom provocation of Visual Only (VO) and Visual and Tactile (VT). They were scanned while viewing two alternating blocks of symptom provocation (S) and neutral (N) movies. RESULTS Random effects between-group analysis revealed significant activation in left temporal cortex(including middle and superior temporal gyrus), dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus, and putamen for the contrast S>N in TTM subjects versus HC subjects during the VO session. And TTM subjects demonstrated higher activity in the precuneus and dorsal posterior cingulate gyrus to the contrast S>N during the VT session. CONCLUSIONS This study provided an objective whole-brain-based analysis that directed researchers to areas that were abnormal in TTM. Using the symptom provocation tasks, we found significant differences in regional brain function between pediatric TTM and HC subjects. However, in the face of modest statistical power, our preliminary findings in TTM need to be replicated in a larger sample. As the functional neuroanatomic circuits involved in TTM remain largely unexplored, future functional neuroimaging studies using other various paradigms may help investigate the neuroanatomic abnormalities of TTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Subdivision of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Nam H, Huh SJ, Park W, Bae DS, Kim BG, Lee JH, Kim CK, Park BK. Prognostic significance of MRI-detected bladder muscle and/or serosal invasion in patients with cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1259/bjr/6646798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Nam H, Huh SJ, Park W, Bae DS, Kim BG, Lee JH, Kim CK, Park BK. Prognostic significance of MRI-detected bladder muscle and/or serosal invasion in patients with cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 2010; 83:868-73. [PMID: 20846984 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/66646798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In cervical cancer, the prognostic significance of bladder wall invasion on MRI without pathological evidence of mucosal invasion is not known. From 454 consecutive patients with cervical cancer who were treated with radiation, we reviewed images and analysed the outcome of 92 patients with the Federation of International Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIB-IVA. We analysed the patients in three groups, normal, wall (muscle and/or serosal) invasion and mucosal invasion, according to the findings on the MRI. Kaplan-Meier life table analysis and the log-rank test were used to assess the survival rates and differences according to prognostic factors. MRI detected abnormalities in the bladder wall in 42 patients (45.6%): wall invasion in 24 and mucosal invasion in 18. 5 of 18 patients, suspected on MRI to have mucosal invasion, showed no pathological evidence of mucosal invasion. Median follow-up period was 34 months. 3-year cause-specific survival (CSS) in the normal group compared with the wall invasion group was 76.2% vs 71.4% (p = 0.48). 3-year CSS for the wall invasion group compared with the mucosal invasion group was 71.4% vs 54.3% (p = 0.04). Mucosal invasion on MRI (p = 0.03) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.01) was significant for CSS. The prognosis for patients with cervical cancer with evidence of muscle and/or serosal invasion of the bladder on MRI may not differ from that for patients without abnormality on MRI. In patients with the MRI finding of bladder mucosal invasion, further studies should be conducted regarding the role of cystoscopy to determine the need for pathological confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 135-710, Irwon-dong 50, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Suh DI, Lee JK, Kim CK, Koh YY. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine/AMP and the bronchodilator response in asthmatic children. Eur Respir J 2010; 37:800-5. [PMID: 20817709 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00049610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bronchodilator response (BDR) is assessed to estimate the reversibility of airflow obstruction. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a characteristic feature of asthma and is usually measured by means of bronchial challenges using direct or indirect stimuli. The aim of the present study was to compare BHR to methacholine (direct) and that to adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) (indirect) with regard to their relationships to BDR in asthmatic children. Methacholine and AMP challenge tests were performed on 138 children with mild-to-moderate asthma, and the provocative concentration causing a 20% decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) (PC₂₀) was determined for each challenge. BDR was calculated as the change in FEV(1), expressed as a percentage of the initial value, after inhalation of 400 μg salbutamol. Methacholine PC₂₀ correlated significantly but weakly with BDR (r = -0.254; p = 0.003). However, there was a significant and strong correlation between AMP PC₂₀ and BDR (r = -0.489; p = 0.000). For AMP PC₂₀, the relationship was closer than for methacholine PC₂₀ (p = 0.024 for comparison between correlation coefficients). The same figures were observed when BDR was expressed as a percentage of the predicted value. A stronger correlation of BDR with AMP PC₂₀ than with methacholine PC₂₀ suggests that BDR may be better reflected by BHR as assessed by AMP challenge than by methacholine challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Suh
- Dept of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Tae Kim
- a Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science , College of Medicine, Korea University , Republic of Korea
- b Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Park
- c College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development , Chungnam National University , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Tae Kim
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Hanyang University College of Medicine , Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kook Kim
- b Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Republic of Korea
- e Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Inje University, Gimhae Gyungnam , Republic of Korea
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Park TH, Kim ST, Park JS, Choi HG, Kim HT, Kim CK. Effect of zinc oxide on the rheological and mucoadhesive properties of poloxamer 407-based mucoadhesive thermosensitive gel. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:1436-43. [PMID: 20545517 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.487266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs for hemorrhoid, mucoadhesive thermosensitive gel (MTG) system was developed. METHODS The MTG was prepared using poloxamer 407 (P407, 13% and 14%), polycarbophil (PC, 0.2% w/v), phenylephrine hydrochloride (0.25% w/v), lidocaine hydrochloride (1.88% w/v), and prednisolone acetate (0.05% w/v). Then, zinc oxide (ZnO) was added as an astringent as well as mucoadhesiveness-enhancing agent. Two kinds of poloxamer-based MTGs were compared in aspects of rheology, mucoadhesiveness, syringeability, and in vitro release study. RESULTS Both the two MTGs (13% and 14% P407) showed Newtonian behavior at 20°C whereas pseudoplastic flow at 37°C. The addition of ZnO into MTGs enhanced the mucoadhesiveness and syringeability and led the drug components to be released in accordance with Fickian mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the MTG-containing ZnO can be a more effective and convenient delivery system for the treatment of hemorrhoid with a reduced dosage interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Excellency for Drug and Gene Delivery, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim JK, Park JS, Kim CK. Corrigendum to “Development of a binary lipid nanoparticles formulation of itraconazole for parenteral administration and controlled release” [Int. J. Pharm. 383 (2010) 209–215]. Int J Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kim JK, Park JS, Kim CK. Development of a binary lipid nanoparticles formulation of itraconazole for parenteral administration and controlled release. Int J Pharm 2010; 383:209-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lee MJ, Jin SE, Kim CK, Choung HK, Kim HJ, Hwang JM. Effect of slow-releasing all-trans-retinoic acid in bioabsorbable polymer on delayed adjustable strabismus surgery in a rabbit model. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 148:566-72. [PMID: 19589494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2009.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the usefulness of slow-releasing all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) for delayed adjustable strabismus surgery. DESIGN Animal study. METHODS A prospective, masked-observer, controlled study was performed in 25 rabbits. Fifty rabbit eyes were divided randomly into three groups. After a recession of the superior rectus muscle, a PTFE/PLGA laminate containing ATRA, PTFE alone, or balanced salt solution was applied beneath and over the superior rectus muscle in the PTFE/PLGA/all-trans-retinoic acid group (ATRA group), the polytetrafluoroethylene group (PTFE group), and the control group, respectively. Delayed adjustment was performed once on each superior rectus muscle at 3 or 5 weeks after surgery by a masked observer. RESULTS In the control group, adjustment was possible in 2 of 5 eyes at 3 weeks after surgery and impossible in any eye at 5 weeks after surgery. In the PTFE and ATRA groups, adjustment was possible in all 10 eyes at 3 and 5 weeks after surgery. On comparing adjustability, a significant difference was observed between the PTFE group and the control group or between the ATRA group and the control group 5 weeks after surgery (P = .0003 and P = .0003, respectively). A significant difference was observed between the ATRA group and the control group in terms of adhesion between superior rectus muscles and sclerae at 5 weeks after surgery (P = .006). CONCLUSIONS Slow-releasing ATRA in PTFE/PLGA was found to reduce adhesion and to allow delayed adjustment in most eyes for up to 5 weeks after surgery.
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Baek SH, Park SJ, Jin SE, Kim JK, Kim CK, Hwang JM. Subconjunctivally injected, liposome-encapsulated streptokinase enhances the absorption rate of subconjunctival hemorrhages in rabbits. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 72:546-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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