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Innstrand ST, Banks C, Maslach C, Lowenstein C. Healthy universities: Exploring the relationship between psychosocial needs and work-related health among university employees. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2023.2194026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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2
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Doughty JL, Ferns H, Taylor-Weetman K, Allbutt J, Breeze L, Brown G, Bedwell A, Banks C. Dental Public Health in Action: Delivering a domestic violence and abuse screening and identification training programme in North Staffordshire-based dental practices. Community Dent Health 2023; 40:3-8. [PMID: 36696477 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_00153doughty06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) is a significant public health problem both globally and in the UK. Dental professionals are aptly place to detect the signs of DVA and support patients to disclose DVA. However, dental professionals may lack confidence to identify and refer patients experiencing DVA; training needs in these areas were identified in Staffordshire. Glow DVA charity and the local Dental Public Health teams worked collaboratively to develop DVA training and resources specific to the needs to the dental team; these were provided to participating dental practices in the North-Staffordshire region. Feedback from the training was positive and the training was refined to better meet the needs of the dental team.mKey challenges included obtaining dental team buy in, securing funding for the continuation of the initiative and minimising the disruption to the dental team when attending training sessions or when managing a DVA disclosure. The implementation of the training highlighted the importance of DVA champions within the third sector organisations to develop and evolve the project, within dental practices to support implementation, and within the local Dental Public Health team to facilitate dental team buy-in and sustained engagement. Future plans include developing the patient-facing resources, finding ways to formally accredit dental teams for taking part in the DVA programme, and evaluating the impact of the training programme on DVA screening, identification and referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Doughty
- Pathway Charity, University College London Hospitals, UK
| | | | | | - J Allbutt
- Community Dental Service Oral Health Improvement Team, Shropshire Community Health NHS Trust, UK
| | - L Breeze
- General Dental Practice, Wolstanton Dental and Implant Centre, UK
| | - G Brown
- General Dental Practice, Meir Heath Dental Surgery, UK
| | - A Bedwell
- General Dental Practice, St Edward Street Dental Practice, UK
| | - C Banks
- General Dental Practice, Shelton Dental Centre, UK
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3
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Champion A, Murugiah D, Harris A, Banks C, Bossy M, Alexakis C. The provision of parenteral nutrition for patients with COVID-19 on the intensive care unit: experience at a district general hospital. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022. [PMCID: PMC8937576 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Langton D, Sloan G, Banks C, Bennetts K, Plummer V, Thien F. Bronchial thermoplasty increases airway volume measured by functional respiratory imaging. Respir Res 2019; 20:157. [PMID: 31311604 PMCID: PMC6636001 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to use CT scanning with computational fluid dynamics to evaluate the mechanisms by which Bronchial Thermoplasty (BT) improves asthmatic symptoms. METHODS The study was conducted in a university teaching hospital, experienced in performing BT. Imaging studies were performed before, and after, BT of the left lung, and prior to treatment of the right lung, which therefore acted as a control. On each occasion, two high-resolution CT scans were performed, one at full inspiration (TLC) and the other at Functional Residual Capacity (FRC). The study protocol was offered to 10 patients, all of whom met the definition of severe asthma, despite high dose inhaled corticosteroids and dual long acting bronchodilators. RESULTS Significant increases in airway luminal volume were observed on the treated side, compared with control, at both full inspiration (by 27%) and at FRC (by 17%). The ratio of distal airway volume to lung volume significantly increased on the treated side. The change in airway volume with inspiration from FRC increased by 48% on the treated side compared to 5% in the control lung, suggesting treatment increased airway distensibility. No effect was observed on airway wall thickness, nor air trapping. There was a trend towards correlation between the improvement in airway volume at TLC and improvement in symptoms. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that BT increases the luminal airway volume on the treated side compared to the control lung. We suggest that this is an important link between the airway smooth muscle atrophy demonstrated pathologically, and the improvement in symptoms observed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Langton
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia.
| | - G Sloan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, Frankston, Vic, Australia
| | - C Banks
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
| | - K Bennetts
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Frankston Hospital, Peninsula Health, 2 Hastings Road, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia
| | - V Plummer
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - F Thien
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Vic, Australia
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Carillo CA, Menkin JA, Kye H, Trejo L, Banks C, Vozar ND, Herrera-Venson A, Sarkisian CA. AGING MASTERY PROGRAM® IN URBAN, LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS OF LOS ANGELES: QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL TRIAL RESEARCH RESULTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C A Carillo
- Medicine-Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, La Puente, California, United States
| | - J A Menkin
- Division of Geriatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 10945 Le Conte Ave Suite 2339,Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - H Kye
- National Council on Aging, 251 1 8 th Street South, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 222202
| | - L Trejo
- General Manager, City of Los Angeles Department of Aging, 221 N Figueroa St #500, Los Angeles, CA 90012
| | - C Banks
- Director of Los Angeles County Workforce Development Aging and Community Services, 3175 West 6 th Street, Los Angeles, Ca 90020
| | - N D Vozar
- Division of Geriatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 10945 Le Conte Ave Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - A Herrera-Venson
- National Council on Aging, 251 18th Street South, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 222202
| | - C A Sarkisian
- Division of Geriatrics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 10945 Le Conte Ave Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
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Nenert R, Allendorfer JB, Martin AM, Banks C, Vannest J, Holland SK, Hart KW, Lindsell CJ, Szaflarski JP. Longitudinal fMRI study of language recovery after a left hemispheric ischemic stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 36:359-385. [PMID: 29782329 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-170767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery from stroke-induced aphasia is typically protracted and involves complex functional reorganization. The relative contributions of the lesioned and non-lesioned hemispheres to this process have been examined in several cross-sectional studies but longitudinal studies involving several time-points and large numbers of subjects are scarce. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to address the gaps in the literature by longitudinally studying the evolution of post-stroke lateralization and localization of language-related fMRI activation in the first year after single left hemispheric ischemic stroke. METHOD Seventeen patients with stroke-induced aphasia were enrolled to undergo detailed behavioral testing and fMRI at 2, 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks post-stroke. Matched for age, handedness and sex participants were also enrolled to visualize canonical language regions. RESULTS Behavioral results showed improvements over time for all but one of the behavioral scores (Semantic Fluency Test). FMRI results showed that the left temporal area participates in compensation for language deficits in the first year after stroke, that there is a correlation between behavioral improvement and the left cerebellar activation over time, and that there is a shift towards stronger frontal left-lateralization of the fMRI activation over the first year post-stroke. Temporary compensation observed in the initial phases of post-stroke recovery that involves the non-lesioned hemisphere may not be as important as previously postulated, since in this study the recovery was driven by activations in the left fronto-temporal regions. CONCLUSION Language recovery after left hemispheric ischemic stroke is likely driven by the previously involved in language and attention left hemispheric networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Nenert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jane B Allendorfer
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amber M Martin
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christi Banks
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott K Holland
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly W Hart
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christopher J Lindsell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,currently at Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Department of Biostatistics, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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7
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Murray H, Banks C, Murdoch H. THRIVE and facemask condensation. Anaesthesia 2018; 73:913-914. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Murray
- Gloucester Royal Hospital; Gloucester UK
| | - C. Banks
- Gloucester Royal Hospital; Gloucester UK
| | - H. Murdoch
- Gloucester Royal Hospital; Gloucester UK
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Amati F, Banks C, Greenfield G, Green J. Predictors of outcomes for patients with common mental health disorders receiving psychological therapies in community settings: a systematic review. J Public Health (Oxf) 2017; 40:e375-e387. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Amati
- NIHR CLAHRC NWL, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Banks
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Training and Education, School of Public Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - G Greenfield
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Green
- CNWL NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Lead at NIHR CLAHRC NWL, London, UK
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Szakmany T, Pugh R, Kopczynska M, Lundin RM, Sharif B, Morgan P, Ellis G, Abreu J, Kulikouskaya S, Bashir K, Galloway L, Al-Hassan H, Grother T, McNulty P, Seal ST, Cains A, Vreugdenhil M, Abdimalik M, Dennehey N, Evans G, Whitaker J, Beasant E, Hall C, Lazarou M, Vanderpump CV, Harding K, Duffy L, Guerrier Sadler A, Keeling R, Banks C, Ng SWY, Heng SY, Thomas D, Puw EW, Otahal I, Battle C, Minik O, Lyons RA, Hall JE. Defining sepsis on the wards: results of a multi-centre point-prevalence study comparing two sepsis definitions. Anaesthesia 2017; 73:195-204. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Szakmany
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
- Anaesthetic Directorate; Aneurin Bevan University Health Board; Royal Gwent Hospital; Newport Gwent UK
| | - R. Pugh
- Anaesthetic Department; Glan Clywdd Hospital; Betsi Cadwaladar University Health Board; Bodelwyddan Rhyl UK
| | - M. Kopczynska
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - R. M. Lundin
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - B. Sharif
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - P. Morgan
- Critical Care Directorate; University Hospital of Wales; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
| | - G. Ellis
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
- Critical Care Directorate; University Hospital of Wales; Cardiff and Vale University Health Board; Cardiff UK
| | - J. Abreu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - S. Kulikouskaya
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - K. Bashir
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - L. Galloway
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - H. Al-Hassan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - T. Grother
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - P. McNulty
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - S. T. Seal
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - A. Cains
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - M. Vreugdenhil
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - M. Abdimalik
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - N. Dennehey
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - G. Evans
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - J. Whitaker
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - E. Beasant
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - C. Hall
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - M. Lazarou
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - C. V. Vanderpump
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - K. Harding
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - L. Duffy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - A. Guerrier Sadler
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - R. Keeling
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - C. Banks
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - S. W. Y. Ng
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - S. Y. Heng
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - D. Thomas
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - E. W. Puw
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
| | - I. Otahal
- Anaesthetic Department; Glangwili General Hospital; Hywel Dda University Health Board; Carmarthen UK
| | - C. Battle
- Critical Care Directorate; Morriston Hospital; Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board; Heol Maes Eglwys; Swansea UK
| | - O. Minik
- ACT Directorate; Royal Glamorgan Hospital; Cwm Taf University Health Board; Ynysmaerdy Llantrisant UK
| | - R. A. Lyons
- Farr Institute; Data Science Building; Swansea University Medical School; Swansea UK
| | - J. E. Hall
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; Division of Population Medicine; Cardiff University; UK
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Nenert R, Allendorfer JB, Martin AM, Banks C, Ball A, Vannest J, Dietz AR, Szaflarski JP. Neuroimaging Correlates of Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation in a Pilot Randomized Trial of Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:3489-3507. [PMID: 28719572 PMCID: PMC5529460 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recovery from post-stroke aphasia is a long and complex process with an uncertain outcome. Various interventions have been proposed to augment the recovery, including constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT). CIAT has been applied to patients suffering from post-stroke aphasia in several unblinded studies to show mild-to-moderate linguistic gains. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neuroimaging correlates of CIAT in patients with chronic aphasia related to left middle cerebral artery stroke. Material/Methods Out of 24 patients recruited in a pilot randomized blinded trial of CIAT, 19 patients received fMRI of language. Eleven of them received CIAT (trained) and eight served as a control group (untrained). Each patient participated in three fMRI sessions (before training, after training, and 3 months later) that included semantic decision and verb generation fMRI tasks, and a battery of language tests. Matching healthy control participants were also included (N=38; matching based on age, handedness, and sex). Results Language testing showed significantly improved performance on Boston Naming Test (BNT; p<0.001) in both stroke groups over time and fMRI showed differences in the distribution of the areas involved in language production between groups that were not present at baseline. Further, regression analysis with BNT indicated changes in brain regions correlated with behavioral performance (temporal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, thalamus, left middle and superior frontal gyri). Conclusions Overall, our results suggest the possibility of language-related cortical plasticity following stroke-induced aphasia with no specific effect from CIAT training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Nenert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jane B Allendorfer
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amber M Martin
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christi Banks
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Vannest
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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11
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Banks C, Rawaf S, Hassounah S. Factors influencing the tobacco control policy process in Egypt and Iran: a scoping review. Glob Health Res Policy 2017; 2:19. [PMID: 29202087 PMCID: PMC5683450 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-017-0039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco control policy is essential for addressing the growing tobacco consumption seen in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, the single greatest preventable contributor to the non-communicable disease epidemic. Egypt and Iran have had varied success in using policy to combat this issue. The study aims to identify and compare the factors which have influenced different stages of the policy process - evidence generation, development and implementation. METHODS A scoping review was conducted with a systematic search of 7 databases which was conducted along with searches of Google Scholar, and the World Health Organisation and Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office websites to identify influencing factors at each stage of the policy process. RESULTS Twenty-seven relevant articles were identified from the literature search. Factors identified as influencing tobacco control policy in these countries were lobbying by the tobacco industry, the rise of water-pipe smoking, lack of political commitment and the lack of resources to for policy implementation. Iran was found to be leading Egypt on all three areas of the policy process. Implementation was found to be the most pivotal part of the policy process and the area in which Egypt was weakest compared to Iran. CONCLUSION This study addresses a gap in knowledge concerning tobacco control in the Middle East and has identified multiple factors which are potentially slowing the process of enforcing policy to address tobacco consumption. Iran is the regional leader for tobacco control and it is important for Egypt to assess the transferability of its tactics and immediately start implementing measures to control tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Banks
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education & Training, Department of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, 3rd Floor, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan’s Road, London, W6 8RF UK
| | - S. Rawaf
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education & Training, Department of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, 3rd Floor, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan’s Road, London, W6 8RF UK
| | - S. Hassounah
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education & Training, Department of Primary Care & Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, 3rd Floor, The Reynolds Building, St Dunstan’s Road, London, W6 8RF UK
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12
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Squires B, Lowry R, Banks C. Utilizing Zoos Victoria's Connect-Understand-Act model to enable social and biological gains in northern Kenya. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/izy.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Squires
- Zoos Victoria; Wildlife Conservation and Science; PO Box 74 Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - R. Lowry
- Zoos Victoria; Wildlife Conservation and Science; PO Box 74 Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - C. Banks
- Zoos Victoria; Wildlife Conservation and Science; PO Box 74 Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
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13
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Furyk J, Velusamy K, Banks C, Jones L. 319 Systematic Review: Tamsulosin in the Management of Distal Ureteric Colic. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Alexakis C, Malcolm L, Banks C. Central venous catheter associated sepsis in patients receiving parenteral nutrition: experience at a district general hospital. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 10:e181-e182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Aloysius I, Amin K, Alexakis C, Wong C, Roberts K, Mathews K, Banks C. PEG insertions at Royal Surrey County Hospital (RSCH): Audit of mortality. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 10:e187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative symptoms are a core component of schizophrenia which can severely impact quality of life and functional outcomes. These symptoms are understood to be highly stable but this has not been tested in a meta-analysis, despite the wealth of longitudinal data available. METHOD A systematic review of the literature was conducted, with eligible studies pooled into a random-effects meta-analysis. Planned meta-regressions were conducted to evaluate the impact of factors known to induce secondary negative symptoms, in addition to other possible sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS The main analysis included 89 samples from 41 studies, totalling 5944 participants. Negative symptoms were found to significantly reduce in all treatment interventions, including in placebo and treatment as usual conditions, with a medium effect size (ES) present across all study conditions (ES = 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.56-0.77, I(2) = 94.0%). In a multivariate meta-regression, only the type of scale used was found to significantly influence negative symptom change. No difference in outcome was found between studies that excluded patients with a high level of positive or depressive symptoms, compared to those that did not. CONCLUSIONS Negative symptoms were found to reduce in almost all schizophrenia outpatient samples. A reduction was found across all conditions, with effect sizes ranging from small to large depending upon the condition type. These findings challenge the convention that negative symptoms are highly stable and suggest that they may improve to a greater extent than what has previously been assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Savill
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry,WHO collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development,Queen Mary University of London,London,UK
| | - C Banks
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry,WHO collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development,Queen Mary University of London,London,UK
| | - H Khanom
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry,WHO collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development,Queen Mary University of London,London,UK
| | - S Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry,WHO collaborating Centre for Mental Health Service Development,Queen Mary University of London,London,UK
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Jones C, Wells E, Meehan C, Trouncer R, Banks C. EP-1460: Comparison of Acuros XB, AAA and PBC dose calculations for clinical treatment plans. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vannest J, Maloney T, Kay B, Siegel M, Allendorfer JB, Banks C, Altaye M, Szaflarski JP. Age related-changes in the neural basis of self-generation in verbal paired associate learning. Neuroimage Clin 2015; 7:537-46. [PMID: 25844310 PMCID: PMC4375642 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Verbal information is better retained when it is self-generated rather than when it is received passively. The application of self-generation procedures has been found to improve memory in healthy elderly and in individuals with impaired cognition. Overall, the available studies support the notion that active participation in verbal encoding engages memory mechanisms that supplement those used during passive observation. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the age-related changes in the neural mechanisms involved in the encoding of paired-associates using a self-generation method that has been shown to improve memory performance across the lifespan. Subjects were 113 healthy right-handed adults (Edinburgh Handedness Inventory >50; 67 females) ages 18–76, native speakers of English with no history of neurological or psychiatric disorders. Subjects underwent fMRI at 3 T while performing didactic learning (“read”) or self-generation learning (“generate”) of 30 word pairs per condition. After fMRI, recognition memory for the second word in each pair was evaluated outside of the scanner. On the post-fMRI testing more “generate” words were correctly recognized than “read” words (p < 0.001) with older adults recognizing the “generated” words less accurately (p < 0.05). Independent component analysis of fMRI data identified task-related brain networks. Several components were positively correlated with the task reflecting multiple cognitive processes involved in self-generated encoding; other components correlated negatively with the task, including components of the default-mode network. Overall, memory performance on generated words decreased with age, but the benefit from self-generation remained consistently significant across ages. Independent component analysis of the neuroimaging data revealed an extensive set of components engaged in self-generation learning compared with didactic learning, and identified areas that were associated with age-related changes independent of performance. Verbal information is better retained when self-generated vs. received passively. Application of self-generation is associated with better retention across ages. Generated words were retained better than read words. Several components of network for word generation were identified. Age-associated changes within the network are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vannest
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Maloney
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Kay
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Miriam Siegel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jane B Allendorfer
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA ; Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christi Banks
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA ; Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Espay AJ, Norris MM, Eliassen JC, Dwivedi A, Smith MS, Banks C, Allendorfer JB, Lang AE, Fleck DE, Linke MJ, Szaflarski JP. Placebo effect of medication cost in Parkinson disease: a randomized double-blind study. Neurology 2015; 84:794-802. [PMID: 25632091 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of cost, a traditionally "inactive" trait of intervention, as contributor to the response to therapeutic interventions. METHODS We conducted a prospective double-blind study in 12 patients with moderate to severe Parkinson disease and motor fluctuations (mean age 62.4 ± 7.9 years; mean disease duration 11 ± 6 years) who were randomized to a "cheap" or "expensive" subcutaneous "novel injectable dopamine agonist" placebo (normal saline). Patients were crossed over to the alternate arm approximately 4 hours later. Blinded motor assessments in the "practically defined off" state, before and after each intervention, included the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor subscale, the Purdue Pegboard Test, and a tapping task. Measurements of brain activity were performed using a feedback-based visual-motor associative learning functional MRI task. Order effect was examined using stratified analysis. RESULTS Although both placebos improved motor function, benefit was greater when patients were randomized first to expensive placebo, with a magnitude halfway between that of cheap placebo and levodopa. Brain activation was greater upon first-given cheap but not upon first-given expensive placebo or by levodopa. Regardless of order of administration, only cheap placebo increased activation in the left lateral sensorimotor cortex and other regions. CONCLUSION Expensive placebo significantly improved motor function and decreased brain activation in a direction and magnitude comparable to, albeit less than, levodopa. Perceptions of cost are capable of altering the placebo response in clinical studies. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that perception of cost is capable of influencing motor function and brain activation in Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Espay
- From the UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology (A.J.E., C.B., J.P.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine (M.J.L.), University of Cincinnati; Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Cincinnati; University of Cincinnati Center for Imaging Research (M.M.N., J.C.E., M.S.S., D.E.F.), OH; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Canada; University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.B.A., J.P.S.); and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.J.L.), Research Service, Cincinnati, OH.
| | - Matthew M Norris
- From the UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology (A.J.E., C.B., J.P.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine (M.J.L.), University of Cincinnati; Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Cincinnati; University of Cincinnati Center for Imaging Research (M.M.N., J.C.E., M.S.S., D.E.F.), OH; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Canada; University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.B.A., J.P.S.); and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.J.L.), Research Service, Cincinnati, OH
| | - James C Eliassen
- From the UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology (A.J.E., C.B., J.P.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine (M.J.L.), University of Cincinnati; Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Cincinnati; University of Cincinnati Center for Imaging Research (M.M.N., J.C.E., M.S.S., D.E.F.), OH; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Canada; University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.B.A., J.P.S.); and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.J.L.), Research Service, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Alok Dwivedi
- From the UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology (A.J.E., C.B., J.P.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine (M.J.L.), University of Cincinnati; Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Cincinnati; University of Cincinnati Center for Imaging Research (M.M.N., J.C.E., M.S.S., D.E.F.), OH; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Canada; University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.B.A., J.P.S.); and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.J.L.), Research Service, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Matthew S Smith
- From the UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology (A.J.E., C.B., J.P.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine (M.J.L.), University of Cincinnati; Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Cincinnati; University of Cincinnati Center for Imaging Research (M.M.N., J.C.E., M.S.S., D.E.F.), OH; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Canada; University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.B.A., J.P.S.); and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.J.L.), Research Service, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Christi Banks
- From the UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology (A.J.E., C.B., J.P.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine (M.J.L.), University of Cincinnati; Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Cincinnati; University of Cincinnati Center for Imaging Research (M.M.N., J.C.E., M.S.S., D.E.F.), OH; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Canada; University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.B.A., J.P.S.); and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.J.L.), Research Service, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jane B Allendorfer
- From the UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology (A.J.E., C.B., J.P.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine (M.J.L.), University of Cincinnati; Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Cincinnati; University of Cincinnati Center for Imaging Research (M.M.N., J.C.E., M.S.S., D.E.F.), OH; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Canada; University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.B.A., J.P.S.); and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.J.L.), Research Service, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Anthony E Lang
- From the UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology (A.J.E., C.B., J.P.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine (M.J.L.), University of Cincinnati; Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Cincinnati; University of Cincinnati Center for Imaging Research (M.M.N., J.C.E., M.S.S., D.E.F.), OH; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Canada; University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.B.A., J.P.S.); and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.J.L.), Research Service, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David E Fleck
- From the UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology (A.J.E., C.B., J.P.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine (M.J.L.), University of Cincinnati; Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Cincinnati; University of Cincinnati Center for Imaging Research (M.M.N., J.C.E., M.S.S., D.E.F.), OH; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Canada; University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.B.A., J.P.S.); and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.J.L.), Research Service, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael J Linke
- From the UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology (A.J.E., C.B., J.P.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine (M.J.L.), University of Cincinnati; Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Cincinnati; University of Cincinnati Center for Imaging Research (M.M.N., J.C.E., M.S.S., D.E.F.), OH; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Canada; University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.B.A., J.P.S.); and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.J.L.), Research Service, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- From the UC Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neurology (A.J.E., C.B., J.P.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine (M.J.L.), University of Cincinnati; Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders (A.J.E.), Cincinnati; University of Cincinnati Center for Imaging Research (M.M.N., J.C.E., M.S.S., D.E.F.), OH; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (A.D.), Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso; The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.E.L.), University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Canada; University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.B.A., J.P.S.); and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.J.L.), Research Service, Cincinnati, OH
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Szaflarski JP, Allendorfer JB, Banks C, Vannest J, Holland SK. Recovered vs. not-recovered from post-stroke aphasia: the contributions from the dominant and non-dominant hemispheres. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2013; 31:347-60. [PMID: 23482065 PMCID: PMC3701454 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-120267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several adult studies have documented the importance of the peri-stroke areas to aphasia recovery. But, studies examining the differences in patterns of cortical participation in language comprehension in patients who have (LMCA-R) or have not recovered (LMCA-NR) from left middle cerebral artery infarction have not been performed up to date. METHODS In this study, we compare cortical correlates of language comprehension using fMRI and semantic decision/tone decision task in 9 LMCA-R and 18 LMCA-NR patients matched at the time of stroke for age and handedness. We examine the cortical correlates of language performance by correlating intra- and extra-scanner measures of linguistic performance with fMRI activation and stroke volumes. RESULTS Our analyses show that LMCA-R at least 1 year after stroke show a return to typical fMRI language activation patterns and that there is a compensatory reorganization of language function in LMCA-NR patients with shifts to the right hemispheric brain regions. Further, with increasing strength of the left-hemispheric fMRI signal shift there are associated improvements in performance as tested with standardized linguistic measures. A negative correlation between the size of the stroke and performance on some of the linguistic tests is also observed. CONCLUSIONS This right-hemispheric shift as a mechanism of post-stroke recovery in adults appears to be an ineffective mode of language function recovery with increasing right-hemispheric shift associated with lower language performance. Thus, normalization of the post-stroke language activation patterns is needed for better language performance while shifts of the activation patterns to the non-dominant (right) hemisphere and/or large stroke size are associated with decreased linguistic abilities after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy P. Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jane B. Allendorfer
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christi Banks
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Szaflarski JP, Vannest J, Wu SW, DiFrancesco MW, Banks C, Gilbert DL. Excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces improvements in chronic post-stroke aphasia. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:CR132-9. [PMID: 21358599 PMCID: PMC3057942 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphasia affects 1/3 of stroke patients with improvements noted only in some of them. The goal of this exploratory study was to provide preliminary evidence regarding safety and efficacy of fMRI-guided excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the residual left-hemispheric Broca's area for chronic aphasia treatment. MATERIAL/METHODS We enrolled 8 patients with moderate or severe aphasia >1 year after LMCA stroke. Linguistic battery was administered pre-/post-rTMS; a semantic decision/tone decision (SDTD) fMRI task was used to localize left-hemispheric Broca's area. RTMS protocol consisted of 10 daily treatments of 200 seconds each using an excitatory stimulation protocol called intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Coil placement was targeted individually to the left Broca's. RESULTS 6/8 patients showed significant pre-/post-rTMS improvements in semantic fluency (p=0.028); they were able to generate more appropriate words when prompted with a semantic category. Pre-/post-rTMS fMRI maps showed increases in left fronto-temporo-parietal language networks with a significant left-hemispheric shift in the left frontal (p=0.025), left temporo-parietal (p=0.038) regions and global language LI (p=0.018). Patients tended to report subjective improvement on Communicative Activities Log (mini-CAL; p=0.075). None of the subjects reported ill effects of rTMS. CONCLUSIONS FMRI-guided, excitatory rTMS applied to the affected Broca's area improved language skills in patients with chronic post-stroke aphasia; these improvements correlated with increased language lateralization to the left hemisphere. This rTMS protocol appears to be safe and should be further tested in blinded studies assessing its short- and long-term safety/efficacy for post-stroke aphasia rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0525, USA.
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Szaflarski JP, DiFrancesco M, Hirschauer T, Banks C, Privitera MD, Gotman J, Holland SK. Cortical and subcortical contributions to absence seizure onset examined with EEG/fMRI. Epilepsy Behav 2010; 18:404-13. [PMID: 20580319 PMCID: PMC2922486 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs), bursts of generalized spike and wave discharges (GSWDs) lasting > or =2 seconds are considered absence seizures. The location of the absence seizures generators in IGEs is thought to involve interplay between various components of thalamocortical circuits; we have recently postulated that medication resistance may, in part, be related to the location of the GSWD generators [Szaflarski JP, Lindsell CJ, Zakaria T, Banks C, Privitera MD. Epilepsy Behav. 2010;17:525-30]. In the present study we hypothesized that patients with medication-refractory IGE (R-IGE) and continued absence seizures may have GSWD generators in locations other than the thalamus, as typically seen in patients with IGE. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the location of the GSWD generators in patients with R-IGE using EEG/fMRI. Eighty-three patients with IGE received concurrent EEG/fMRI at 4 T. Nine of them (aged 15-55) experienced absence seizures during EEG/fMRI and were included; all were diagnosed with R-IGE. Subjects participated in up to three 20-minute EEG/fMRI sessions (400 volumes, TR=3 seconds) performed at 4 T. After removal of fMRI and ballistocardiographic artifacts, 36 absence seizures were identified. Statistical parametric maps were generated for each of these sessions correlating seizures to BOLD response. Timing differences between brain regions were tested using statistical parametric maps generated by modeling seizures with onset times shifted relative to the GSWD onsets. Although thalamic BOLD responses peaked approximately 6 seconds after the onset of absence seizures, other areas including the prefrontal and dorsolateral cortices showed brief and nonsustained peaks occurring approximately 2 seconds prior to the maximum of the thalamic peak. Temporal lobe peaks occurred at the same time as the thalamic peak, with a cerebellar peak occurring approximately 1 second later. Confirmatory analysis averaging cross-correlation between cortical and thalamic regions of interest across seizures corroborated these findings. Finally, Granger causality analysis showed effective connectivity directed from frontal lobe to thalamus, supporting the notion of earlier frontal than thalamic involvement. The results of this study support our original hypothesis and indicate that in the patients with R-IGE studied, absence seizures may be initiated by widespread cortical (frontal and parietal) areas and sustained in subcortical (thalamic) regions, suggesting that the examined patients have cortical onset epilepsy with propagation to thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy P. Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Center for Imaging Research at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Imaging Research Center at the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Address for Correspondence: Jerzy P. Szaflarski, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Stetson Street, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0525, Phone: 513.558.5440,
| | - Mark DiFrancesco
- Imaging Research Center at the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Hirschauer
- Imaging Research Center at the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christi Banks
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael D. Privitera
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jean Gotman
- Montreal Neurological Institute at the McGill University, Montreal, CA
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Imaging Research Center at the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA, Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Szaflarski JP, Lindsell CJ, Zakaria T, Banks C, Privitera MD. Seizure control in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies: EEG determinants of medication response. Epilepsy Behav 2010; 17:525-30. [PMID: 20227351 PMCID: PMC2923211 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In a minority of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs), seizures continue despite appropriate treatment. We sought to determine the clinical and EEG factors associated with medication response in these patients. All patients with IGEs evaluated by epilepsy specialists between 17 November 2008 and 16 November 2009 were included. We collected information on seizure freedom (dependent variable), EEG asymmetries, response to valproic acid (VPA), MRI characteristics, medication use, demographics, and seizure history (predictors). We identified 322 patients with IGEs; 45 (14%) were excluded from analyses because they had always had a normal EEG (N=26), there were no EEG data (N=3), or they were non-compliant with medication (N=26). Patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy were more likely to respond to VPA than were patients with other IGEs, and VPA response was associated with seizure freedom. When EEG characteristics were considered, presence of any focal EEG abnormalities (focal slowing, focal epileptiform discharges, or both) was associated with decreased odds of seizure freedom. These findings suggest that patients with IGEs with poor seizure control may have atypical IGEs with possibly focal, for example, frontal, rather than thalamic onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy P. Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
,Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
,Department of Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
,Cincinnati Epilepsy Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
,Address for Correspondence University of Cincinnati Department of Neurology 260 Stetson Street, Rm. 2350 Cincinnati, OH 45267-0525 Phone: (513) 558.5440
| | | | - Tarek Zakaria
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Christi Banks
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael D. Privitera
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
,Cincinnati Epilepsy Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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Szaflarski J, Holland S, Banks C, Schefft B, Privitera M, Vannest J, Ficker D, Cavitt J, Malik S. Correlation between fMRI of memory encoding and IAP in presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Eaton KP, Szaflarski JP, Altaye M, Ball AL, Kissela BM, Banks C, Holland SK. Reliability of fMRI for studies of language in post-stroke aphasia subjects. Neuroimage 2008; 41:311-22. [PMID: 18411061 PMCID: PMC2474692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying change in brain activation patterns associated with post-stroke recovery and reorganization of language function over time requires accurate understanding of inter-scan and inter-subject variability. Here we report inter-scan variability measures for fMRI activation patterns associated with verb generation (VG) and semantic decision/tone decision (SDTD) tasks in 4 healthy controls and 4 aphasic left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) stroke subjects. A series of 10 fMRI scans was completed on a 4T Varian scanner for each task for each subject, except for one stroke subject who completed 5 and 6 scans for SDTD and VG, thus yielding 35 and 36 total stroke subject scans for SDTD and VG, respectively. Group composite and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) maps were computed across all subjects and trials for each task. The patterns of reliable activation for the VG and SDTD tasks correspond well to those regions typically activated by these tasks in healthy and aphasic subjects. ICCs for activation were consistently high (R(0.05) approximately 0.8) for individual tasks among both control and aphasic subjects. These voxel-wise measures of reliability highlight regions of low inter-scan variability within language circuitry for control and post-recovery stroke subjects. ICCs computed from the combination of the SDTD/VG data were markedly reduced for both control and aphasic subjects as compared with the ICCs for the individual tasks. These quantitative measures of inter-scan variability support the proposed use of these fMRI paradigms for longitudinal mapping of neural reorganization of language processing following left hemispheric insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P. Eaton
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Jerzy P. Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
- The Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
- Center for Imaging Research, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Mekibib Altaye
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Angel L. Ball
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Brett M. Kissela
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
- The Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Christi Banks
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Scott K. Holland
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
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Affiliation(s)
- C Banks
- Centre for Gastroenterology, University College London, UK
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Ho G, Jankowska P, Perrin R, Banks C, Teoh E, Harrington K. Dosimetric Problems of Radiotherapy to Synchronous Bilateral Acinic Cell Carcinoma of Parotid Glands. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2007.01.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Graff J, McNulty A, Parsons S, Lewis J, Konicek B, Banks C, Capen A, Douglass L, Carter J, Starling J. 580 POSTER Enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl) suppresses signaling through the PKC and AKT pathways, inducing apoptosis, suppressig tumor-induced angiogenesis and reducing growth of human cancer xenografts. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Banks C. Factors affecting the removal of selected heavy metals using a polymer immobilised Sphagnum moss as a biosorbent. Environ Technol 2005; 26:733-43. [PMID: 16080329 DOI: 10.1080/09593332608618515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A hydrophilic polyurethane foam was used to immobilise dried sphagnum moss as a polymer/biomass matrix. This was then tested for its ability to remove Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution. Further selected experiments using copper looked at factors which it was thought might affect the performance of the biosorbent. The optimum pH for Cu(II) and Zn(II) sorption was found to be in the range 6 - 7, whilst Pb(II) showed a more uniform sorption profile over the pH range 3 - 8. At pH values above 8 there was significant leaching of organic components from the immobilisation matrix. The immobilised biomass maintained around 90% of its sorption capacity over 10 repetitive cycles of sorption/desorption using HCl as a desorbent with typically > 95% metal ion recovery from each cycle. There were no marked differences in the maximum sorption capacities for Cu(II) using different biomass particle sizes in the immobilisation matrix, but the affinity of the immobilised biomass for Cu(II) decreased with increasing particle size. Alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions did not affect the heavy metal biosorption, but aluminium ion had a significant influence and itself could be adsorbed to a large extent. Acetic acid, urea, and carrageenan did not affect the maximum biosorption capacity of Cu(II), but carrageenan significantly reduced the affinity of biomass to metal ions probably as a result of its own biosorptive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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Banks C. Cadmium detection via boron-doped diamond electrodes: surfactant inhibited stripping voltammetry. Talanta 2004; 62:279-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2003.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2003] [Revised: 07/14/2003] [Accepted: 07/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sweet L, Controulis J, Tillitson E, Banks C. Additions and Corrections - Derivatives of 3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenearsonic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01204a636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that the potent neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL-8) has an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. IL-8 mediates its actions via two cell surface receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. This paper describes the distribution of these IL-8 receptors in the normal gastrointestinal tract and how this is modified in ulcerative colitis (UC). Paraffin-embedded colonic resection specimens were stained with monoclonal antibodies directed against CXCR1 and CXCR2 in ten cases of total UC, 16 cases of appendicitis, and 11 histologically normal sections. A semiquantitative scale of 0-4 was used to assess the proportion and intensity of positively stained cells within certain defined areas of tissue. A comparative assessment was made of the distribution of various cell populations. Dual immunostaining was used to confirm the phenotype of positively staining cells. In the histologically normal colon, the antibody against CXCR1 stained a subpopulation of macrophages deep to the epithelium and germinal centre lymphocytes. A similar pattern of staining was seen in acute appendicitis, with in addition some positively stained neutrophil polymorphs. In UC, there was up-regulation of CXCR1, with a striking increase in positively stained macrophages throughout the mucosa and of B and T lymphocytes outside the germinal centre areas. There was also intense up-regulation of CXCR1 expression by the luminal epithelium, reflected in the epithelial staining score (mean+/-SE=1.8+/-0.44 for UC cases, vs. 0.23+/-0.16 for controls and 0.25+/-0.14 for acute appendicitis). CXCR2 was only expressed on a small population of lamina propria mononuclear cells and crypt epithelial cells, with no significant differences observed between the groups. These results suggest that IL-8 may, through CXCR1, have a role beyond neutrophil recruitment in mediating the immune response in UC and that this is not merely a consequence of the acute inflammation seen in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Williams
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, D Level, South Academic Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that the potent neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL-8) has an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. IL-8 mediates its actions via two cell surface receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. This paper describes the distribution of these IL-8 receptors in the normal gastrointestinal tract and how this is modified in ulcerative colitis (UC). Paraffin-embedded colonic resection specimens were stained with monoclonal antibodies directed against CXCR1 and CXCR2 in ten cases of total UC, 16 cases of appendicitis, and 11 histologically normal sections. A semiquantitative scale of 0-4 was used to assess the proportion and intensity of positively stained cells within certain defined areas of tissue. A comparative assessment was made of the distribution of various cell populations. Dual immunostaining was used to confirm the phenotype of positively staining cells. In the histologically normal colon, the antibody against CXCR1 stained a subpopulation of macrophages deep to the epithelium and germinal centre lymphocytes. A similar pattern of staining was seen in acute appendicitis, with in addition some positively stained neutrophil polymorphs. In UC, there was up-regulation of CXCR1, with a striking increase in positively stained macrophages throughout the mucosa and of B and T lymphocytes outside the germinal centre areas. There was also intense up-regulation of CXCR1 expression by the luminal epithelium, reflected in the epithelial staining score (mean+/-SE=1.8+/-0.44 for UC cases, vs. 0.23+/-0.16 for controls and 0.25+/-0.14 for acute appendicitis). CXCR2 was only expressed on a small population of lamina propria mononuclear cells and crypt epithelial cells, with no significant differences observed between the groups. These results suggest that IL-8 may, through CXCR1, have a role beyond neutrophil recruitment in mediating the immune response in UC and that this is not merely a consequence of the acute inflammation seen in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Williams
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, D Level, South Academic Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence to suggest that the potent neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL-8) has an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. IL-8 mediates its actions via two cell surface receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. This paper describes the distribution of these IL-8 receptors in the normal gastrointestinal tract and how this is modified in ulcerative colitis (UC). Paraffin-embedded colonic resection specimens were stained with monoclonal antibodies directed against CXCR1 and CXCR2 in ten cases of total UC, 16 cases of appendicitis, and 11 histologically normal sections. A semiquantitative scale of 0-4 was used to assess the proportion and intensity of positively stained cells within certain defined areas of tissue. A comparative assessment was made of the distribution of various cell populations. Dual immunostaining was used to confirm the phenotype of positively staining cells. In the histologically normal colon, the antibody against CXCR1 stained a subpopulation of macrophages deep to the epithelium and germinal centre lymphocytes. A similar pattern of staining was seen in acute appendicitis, with in addition some positively stained neutrophil polymorphs. In UC, there was up-regulation of CXCR1, with a striking increase in positively stained macrophages throughout the mucosa and of B and T lymphocytes outside the germinal centre areas. There was also intense up-regulation of CXCR1 expression by the luminal epithelium, reflected in the epithelial staining score (mean+/-SE=1.8+/-0.44 for UC cases, vs. 0.23+/-0.16 for controls and 0.25+/-0.14 for acute appendicitis). CXCR2 was only expressed on a small population of lamina propria mononuclear cells and crypt epithelial cells, with no significant differences observed between the groups. These results suggest that IL-8 may, through CXCR1, have a role beyond neutrophil recruitment in mediating the immune response in UC and that this is not merely a consequence of the acute inflammation seen in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Williams
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, D Level, South Academic Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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Corley RA, Markham DA, Banks C, Delorme P, Masterman A, Houle JM. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics and the dermal absorption of 2-butoxyethanol vapor by humans. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1997; 39:120-30. [PMID: 9344624 DOI: 10.1006/faat.1997.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has generally been assumed that the skin contributes only minor amounts to the total uptake of solvent vapors, relative to the respiratory tract. Contrary to this assumption, the widely used glycol ether solvent, 2-butoxyethanol (BE), has been reported to be more effectively absorbed through the skin (75% of the total uptake) than through the lungs of humans (Johanson and Boman, 1991, Br. J. Ind. Med. 48, 788). The possibility that the finger prick blood sampling technique used in the Johanson and Boman study was confounded by locally high concentrations of BE at the site of absorption was suggested using a previously developed PBPK model (Corley et al., 1994, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 129, 61). The current study was conducted to verify the PBPK analysis and to determine whether or not the skin was the major site for absorption of BE vapor by exposing one arm from each of six human volunteers to 50 ppm 13C2-BE vapor for 2 hr. To evaluate the potential consequences of blood sampling techniques, samples were taken from both the unexposed arm (catheter; during and after exposure) and the exposed arm (finger prick; end of the exposure only) for analysis of both BE and its major metabolite, butoxyacetic acid (BAA). Butoxyacetic acid is responsible for the hemolysis observed in toxicity studies with laboratory animals. Humans, however, are significantly less sensitive to this effect. The concentration of BE in the finger prick blood samples averaged 1500 times higher than the corresponding concentration in venous blood sampled from a catheter installed in the unexposed arm at the end of the exposure. Blood BAA levels were generally within a factor of 4 of each other for the two techniques and, therefore, was considered a better indicator of systemic absorption. Urine was collected for 24 hr and analyzed for the following metabolites found in rat metabolism studies: free and conjugated BE, BAA, ethylene glycol (EG), and glycolic acid (GA), with only BAA detected in the human urine. More importantly, urinary BAA was found to be extensively conjugated ( approximately 67%) with glutamine, confirming recent reports. These results, coupled with PBPK modeling of worst-case exposure scenarios (no clothing, 100% of the body was exposed), demonstrated that no more than 15-27% (low-to-high relative temperatures and humidities), not 75%, of the total uptake of BE could be attributed to the skin of humans during simulated 8-hr exposures to the ACGIH TLV concentration of 25 ppm. Even less of the total uptake was attributed to the skin during simulations of exercise with whole-body exposures (5-9%) or by more realistic exposures of only the arms and head (1-8%). As a result, humans are unlikely to reach hemolytic concentrations of the metabolite BAA in blood following vapor exposures to BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Corley
- Pacific Northwest Division, Battelle Memorial Institute, Richland, Washington 90352, USA
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Mackereth P, Banks C. Masseur & patient. Interview by Eileen Fursland. Nurs Times 1997; 93:44-5. [PMID: 9095909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Corley RA, Markham DA, Banks C, Delorme P, Masterman A, Houle JM. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics and the Dermal Absorption of 2-Butoxyethanol Vapor by Humans. Toxicol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/39.2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Salgado R, Ehrlich F, Banks C, Browne E, Buckman S, Burraston B. A mobile rehabilitation team program to assist patients in nursing homes rehabilitate and return to their homes. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1995; 20:255-61. [PMID: 15374235 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4943(95)00621-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/1994] [Revised: 12/06/1994] [Accepted: 12/14/1994] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A slow-stream rehabilitation program for frail elderly patients was developed utilising nursing homes visited by a mobile rehabilitation team (MRT) based at the hospital from which these patients had been discharged following major illness. The nursing homes were able to provide physiotherapy and the MRT contributed medical, nursing, occupational therapy and social work support through weekly visits. The supported group and a control group (also discharged to nursing homes from the same hospital but unsupported) were matched for age, sex and ADL level. Outcomes for the two groups were compared and were significantly different. Of the supported group (N = 33), 64% (N = 21) were discharged home compared with only 9% (N = 2) of the 23 control subjects (chi2 = 15.6, df. = 1, P < 0.05). The potential for patient rehabilitation in a modestly supported nursing home was realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Salgado
- Department of Aged Care, The St George Hospital, Belgrave Street, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
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Hiles RA, Mong S, Bekersky I, Banks C, Lulham G, Tellier P. Inhalation toxicity of aerosolized pentamidine isethionate in rats and dogs. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1994; 23:382-90. [PMID: 7835539 DOI: 10.1006/faat.1994.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of inhaled aerosolized pentamidine isethionate solutions in rats and dogs was evaluated. Nose-only exposure equipment and a mass mean aerodynamic particle size of < or = 2 microns were employed. Rats received either a single inhaled dose estimated at 0, 1.4, 2.1, or 6.0 mg/kg/exposure day or 4 inhaled doses evenly spaced over 13 weeks estimated at 0, 0.35, 0.7, or 1.4 mg/kg/exposure day. Dogs were administered a single inhaled dose estimated at 0, 1.1, 3.4, or 5.0 mg/kg/exposure day. Rats administered a single inhaled dose of 6.0 mg/kg/exposure day exhibited respiratory distress. The lung-with-trachea weights of these animals were elevated relative to controls. The histopathology of acutely exposed rats consisted of dose-related neutrophil infiltration in the turbinates, larynx, and bronchi; erosion of epithelium in the turbinates and larynx; thickening of the alveoli walls with alveolar accumulation of mononuclear cells and neutrophils; and rhinitis. Rats in the highest dose group in the subchronic evaluation exhibited decreased body weight gains and reduced lung-with-trachea-to-body weight ratios relative to controls. Hematology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis values were within normal ranges. Microscopic pulmonary tissue changes were similar to those found in acute exposure with certain lesions (e.g., mucous cell hyperplasia) suggestive of a more chronic process. In addition, lung fibrosis was seen at the highest dose. In dogs, pentamidine isethionate did not cause a change in the respiratory minute volume (not measured in rats). Elevated lung-with-trachea weights were noted in the high- dose females. Hematology, clinical chemistry, and urinalysis values were within normal ranges.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hiles
- Fujisawa USA, Inc., Deerfield, Illinois 60015
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Banks J, Banks C, Cheong B, Umachandran V, Smith AP, Jessop JD, Pritchard MH. An epidemiological and clinical investigation of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Q J Med 1992; 85:795-806. [PMID: 1484943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated lung function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis but have reached different conclusions. The main discrepancy has been between airways disease reported in 38-65 per cent of patients and interstitial pulmonary disease reported in 30-41 per cent. These variable results have probably arisen because specific lung disorders have often been diagnosed on the basis of non-specific tests of lung function which, when considered in isolation, are subject to different interpretations. We adopted a combined epidemiological and clinical approach to investigate lung function and respiratory symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiological data showed that rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a mild restrictive lung defect with reductions in mean FEV1 and FVC of 0.26 l and 0.29 l respectively and a normal FEV1/FVC ratio. The reduction in mean maximum mid-expiratory flow rate of 0.34 l/s could be explained on the basis of lung restriction and there was no evidence of widespread airways dysfunction other than that which could be explained by cigarette smoking. The clinical study showed that abnormal lung function tests in individual patients were caused by a heterogeneous group of conditions which are frequently caused, or exacerbated, by cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking, and not the rheumatoid process, was the most frequent cause of abnormal lung function in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Banks
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Llandough Hospital, Cardiff
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Banks C. Alleviating anticipatory vomiting. Nurs Times 1991; 87:42-3. [PMID: 2020598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Schigur AE, Marks CRC, Banks C, England H, Dibble T. 560 CARDIOVASCULAR RECOVERY FROM AN ACUTE BOUT OF ENDURANCE ARH EXERCISE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199004000-00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Banks C, Marks CRC, Schigur AE, England M, Dibble T. 559 EFFECTS OF REVOLUTION RATE ON ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR ADAPTATIONS TO ARM EXERCISE. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199004000-00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dalvi RR, Robbins TJ, Williams MK, Deoras DP, Donastorg F, Banks C. Thiram-induced toxic liver injury in male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Environ Sci Health B 1984; 19:703-712. [PMID: 6520339 DOI: 10.1080/03601238409372458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A single i.p. dose (120 mg/kg) of thiram given to male Sprague-Dawley rats caused a significant increase in the activity of SGOT and SGPT 24 hr post-treatment indicating liver damage. A considerable diminution in the serum cholinesterase activity was also noted in the treated rats as against the control animals. Additional evidence for thiram-induced liver toxicity is provided by the observation that there was approximately 50% inhibition of the activity of hepatic microsomal benzphetamine N-demethylase with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of cytochrome P-450, an important component of the mixed-function oxidase system. Although not significant, hepatic glutathione levels were also depleted by thiram, probably making the liver susceptible to toxic injury.
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Banks C, Kardak VS, Jones EM, Lucas CJ. The relation between mental health, academic performance and cognitive test scores among chemistry students. Br J Educ Psychol 1970; 40:74-9. [PMID: 5421347 DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8279.1970.tb02102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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48
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Sweet L, Controulis J, Tillitson E, Banks C. Additions and Corrections - Derivatives of 3-Amino-4-hydroxybenzenearsonous Acid. J Am Chem Soc 1948. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01192a614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Banks C. Investigation and Treatment of Delinquency. West J Med 1947. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4504.613-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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