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Kowtharapu L, Katari NK, Sandoval CA, Konduru N, Muchakayala SK, Pydimarry SPR, Jonnalagadda SB. Regulatory Perspective Reverse Engineering Analysis of the Mast Cell Stabilizer and the Histamine Receptor Antagonist (Olopatadine HCl): Instrumental and Classical Methods for Multiple Formulations. ACS Omega 2023; 8:21485-21492. [PMID: 37360430 PMCID: PMC10285952 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the unknown qualitative (Q1) and quantitative (Q2) formulas for nasal spray and ophthalmic solution formulations of olopatadine HCl by classical and instrumental techniques to match the generic formula with reference-listed drugs to avoid clinical study. Reverse engineering of olopatadine HCl nasal spray 0.6% and ophthalmic solution 0.1, 0.2% formulations was accurately quantified using a simple and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Both formulations possess similar components, namely ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), benzalkonium chloride (BKC), sodium chloride (NaCl), and dibasic sodium phosphate (DSP). These components were qualitatively and quantitatively determined using the HPLC, osmometry, and titration techniques. With derivatization techniques, EDTA, BKC, and DSP were determined by ion-interaction chromatography. NaCl in the formulation was quantified by measuring the osmolality and using the subtraction method. A titration method was also used. All the employed methods were linear, accurate, precise, and specific. The correlation coefficient was >0.999 for all components in all the methods. The recovery results ranged from 99.1 to 99.7% for EDTA, 99.1-99.4% for BKC, 99.8-100.8% for DSP, and 99.7-100.1% for NaCl. The obtained % relative standard deviation for precision was 0.9% for EDTA, 0.6% for BKC, 0.9% for DSP, and 1.34% for NaCl. The specificity of the methods in the presence of other components, diluent, and the mobile phase was confirmed, and the analytes were specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela
Prasad Kowtharapu
- Analytical
Development Department, Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed
to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed
to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag
X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Christian A. Sandoval
- Analytical
Development Department, Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Naresh Konduru
- Analytical
Research and Development, Zhuhai Resproly
Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province 519040, China
| | - Siva Krishna Muchakayala
- Analytical
Research and Development, Catalent Pharma
Solutions, 1100 Enterprise
Drive, Winchester, Kentucky 40391, United States
| | | | - Sreekantha Babu Jonnalagadda
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag
X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Kowtharapu L, Katari NK, Sandoval CA, Rekulapally VK, Jonnalagadda SB. Green Chromatographic Method for Determination of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, Preservative, and Antioxidant in an Injectable Formulation: Robustness by Design Expert. ACS Omega 2022; 7:34098-34108. [PMID: 36188248 PMCID: PMC9520538 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report an efficient HPLC method for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of lincosamide antibiotic injectable formulations containing Clindamycin phosphate (CMN), benzyl alcohol (BA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as major ingredients. The three components were separated by Phenomenex prodigy C8 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) HPLC column, flow rate 1.1 mL/min, injection volume 30 μL, and column temperature 35 °C, using 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) with acetonitrile (ACN) in the ratio of 80:20 (v/v). The detection wavelength was set as 240 nm. The method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and was confirmed to be specific, precise, accurate, and linear. Method robustness was executed by utilizing quality in the design of the experiment. Accuracy results were found to be 99.3-100.5% for CMN, 99.3-100.8% for BA, and 99.1-100.3% for EDTA. Precision results were obtained as % relative standard deviation (RSD): 0.6% for CMN, 0.4% for BA, and 0.4% for EDTA. Correlation coefficient (r 2) values were obtained as >0.999 for the three components. Analytical solutions are stable for 48 h at benchtop and refrigerator conditions. The greenness of the analytical method was evaluated by the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), National Environmental Method Index (NEMI), analytical eco-scale, and Analytical Greenness (AGREE) tools to confirm that the method is eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela
Prasad Kowtharapu
- Analytical
Development Department, Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department
of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi
Institute of Technology and Management, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department
of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, Gandhi
Institute of Technology and Management, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban-4000, South Africa
| | - Christian A. Sandoval
- Analytical
Development Department, Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Vijay Kumar Rekulapally
- Analytical
Research and Development, Hikma Pharmaceuticals
USA Inc, Columbus, Ohio 43228, United States
| | - Sreekantha Babu Jonnalagadda
- School
of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering &
Science, Westville Campus, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X 54001, Durban-4000, South Africa
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Kowtharapu LP, Katari NK, Sandoval CA, Muchakayala SK, Rekulapally VK. Green Liquid Chromatography Method for the Determination of Related Substances Present in Olopatadine HCl Nasal Spray Formulation, Robustness by Design Expert. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1247-1257. [PMID: 35686891 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual therapeutic nature drug mast cell stabilizer and histamine receptor antagonist olopatadine hydrochloride (OPT) nasal spray does not have an official monograph, and no literature is available. Eye drops formulation had the official monograph for impurities, but the determination was done in two methods. OBJECTIVE A simple and effective green liquid chromatography method to develop and validate for the related substances of OPT nasal spray formulation. METHOD A 25 min gradient method was employed to separate impurities and OPT with a 1.0 mL/min flow rate using a Boston green C8 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) HPLC column. The set wavelength and column oven temperatures were 299 nm and 30°C, respectively. pH 3.5 phosphate buffer-acetonitrile in the ratio of (70:30, v/v) as mobile phase A and (50:50, v/v) ratio as mobile phase B. A Quality by Design (QbD) based Design of Experiments (DoE) was employed to evaluate the robustness characteristics of the analytical method validation. RESULTS The obtained RSD from the precision and intermediate precision was 0.4 to 4.1%. The % recovery of the impurities from LOQ to 150% of specification level was 87.5 to 110.3%. The linear regression curves for the impurities with a correlation coefficient of >0.999 indicate that all peak responses are linear with the concentration. The sample and standard solutions were stable for 24 h at benchtop and refrigerator conditions. CONCLUSIONS All the critical peaks were well separated from the forced degradation studies' diluent, placebo, and generated degradation peaks. The method validation data and QbD based robustness study results indicate that the developed impurities method fits the routine quality control laboratory use. National Environmental Index (NMEI), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), Analytical Eco-scale and Analytical Greenness (AGREE) tools expressed the method's greenness. HIGHLIGHTS The proposed method is QbD utilized and green chemistry assessed impurities determination method for OPT in nasal spray formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Analytical Development Department, Shenzhen, China.,GITAM Deemed to be University, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- GITAM Deemed to be University, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Hyderabad, Telangana 502329, India
| | - Christian A Sandoval
- Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Analytical Development Department, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siva Krishna Muchakayala
- Douglas Pharma US, Inc., Analytical Research and Development, 1035 Louis Drive, Warminster, PA 18974, USA
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Kowtharapu LP, Katari NK, Sandoval CA, Muchakayala SK, Rekulapally VK. Unique Green chromatography method for the determination of serotonin receptor antagonist (Ondansetron HCl) related substances in a liquid formulation, robustness by Quality by design based Design of Experiments approach. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1711-1726. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Analytical Development Department Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd Shenzhen China
- Department of Chemistry School of Science GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad Telangana 502329 India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry School of Science GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad Telangana 502329 India
| | - Christian A Sandoval
- Analytical Development Department Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd Shenzhen China
| | - Siva Krishna Muchakayala
- Analytical Research & Development Douglas Pharma US Inc 1035 Louis Drive Warminster Pennsylvania 18974 USA
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Kowtharapu LP, Katari NK, Surekha CH, Sandoval CA, Muchakayala SK, Konduru N. A QBD and green liquid chromatography technique for the determination of mast cell stabilizer and histamine receptor antagonist (Olopatadine HCl) in multiple formulations. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5359. [PMID: 35203103 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell stabilizer and histamine receptor antagonist Olopatadine hydrochloride (OPT) assay method predicated on liquid chromatography have been established for the analysis in multiple formulations. The current method dealt with ophthalmic solution, nasal spray, and tablet formulation products. The isocratic chromatography method was optimized and validated with Boston green C8 (150 x 4.6) mm, 5 μm column. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate pH 3.5 buffer with acetonitrile in the ratio of 75:25 (v/v) as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 , column temperature 30 °C, and the detection was done at 299 nm. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and USP. The accuracy results were ranged from 99.9 % to 100.7 %, obtained % RSD from the precision was 0.5, and correlation coefficient from the linearity experiment was > 0.999. Solution stability was established for 24 hrs at room temperature and refrigerator conditions and found that the solutions were stable. Using quality by design-based experiments design, critical quality attributes were studied and established the robust method conditions. All the forced degradation studies peak purity was passed and found no interference at the retention time of the active component. The method validation data dictated that the developed method is linear, precise, accurate, specific, robust, and stable for the determination of OPT from multiple formulations. Analytical Eco-scale tool, modern technique green analytical procedure index (GAPI) tool, and ancient tool national environmental method index (NEMI) were used to evaluate the greenness of the method, and the analytical eco-score of 77 for the presented method was found to be excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela Prasad Kowtharapu
- Analytical Development Department, Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - C H Surekha
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Christian A Sandoval
- Analytical Development Department, Shenzhen DEC Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Naresh Konduru
- Analytical Research and Development, YunNan Longjin Careyou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Kunming, China
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Matsuoka A, Sandoval CA, Uchiyama M, Noyori R, Naka H. Whyp-Cymene? Conformational Effect in Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones with a η6-Arene/Ruthenium(II) Catalyst. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:112-5. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Xu L, Huang ZH, Sandoval CA, Gu LQ, Huang ZS. Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 3,5-Bistrifluoromethyl Acetophenone in Pilot Scale with Industrially Viable Ru/Diphosphine–Benzimidazole Complexes. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500148k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
- Enantiotech Corp., Ltd., Zhongshan
Torch Hi-Tech, Industrial Development Zone, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong
Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Huang
- Enantiotech Corp., Ltd., Zhongshan
Torch Hi-Tech, Industrial Development Zone, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong
Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christian A. Sandoval
- Enantiotech Corp., Ltd., Zhongshan
Torch Hi-Tech, Industrial Development Zone, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong
Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian-Quan Gu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Shi Q, Ding K, Noyori R, Sandoval CA. An Efficient Diphosphine/Hybrid-Amine Combination for Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Aryl Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Liu S, Sandoval CA. Evaluation of calix[4]arene-based chiral diphosphite ligands in Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of simple dehydroamino acid derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2010.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kuiling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Christian A. Sandoval
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Yoshimoto J, Sandoval CA, Saito S. Aqua-aminoorganoboron Catalyst: Engineering Single Water Molecule to Act as an Acid Catalyst in Nitro Aldol Reaction. CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2008.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jing Q, Sandoval CA, Yamaguchi Y, Kato K, Ding KL. Solution Structure and Behavior of Benzophenone-based Achiral Bisphosphine Ligands in Noyori-Type Ru(II)-Catalysts. CHINESE J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200790217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu Y, Sandoval CA, Yamaguchi Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Kato K, Ding K. Hydrogen Bonding Makes a Difference in the Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation Using Monodentate Phosphoramidites. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:14212-3. [PMID: 17076467 DOI: 10.1021/ja063350f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new generation of monodentate phosphoramidite ligands bearing a primary amine moiety was found to display comparable or better efficiency than bisphosphines in the Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of challenging substrates, such as (Z)-methyl alpha-acetoxyacrylate or (E)-beta-aryl itaconate derivatives, affording the corresponding hydrogenation products with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). The presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding (HB) between two monodentate ligands in the catalyst was found to be critical for excellent catalyst performance. This finding provides a basis for design and development of further catalyst systems using this type of monodentate phosphoramidite ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Jing Q, Sandoval CA, Wang Z, Ding K. Complete Chiral Induction from Enantiopure 1,2-Diamines to Benzophenone-Based Achiral Bisphosphane Ligands in Noyori-Type RuII Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sandoval CA, Ohkuma T, Utsumi N, Tsutsumi K, Murata K, Noyori R. Mechanism of Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Acetophenone Catalyzed by Chiral η6-Arene–N-Tosylethylenediamine–Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Chem Asian J 2006; 1:102-10. [PMID: 17441044 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral arene-N-tosylethylenediamine-Ru(II) complexes can be made to effect both asymmetric transfer hydrogenation and asymmetric hydrogenation of simple ketones through a slight functional modification and by switching reaction conditions. [Ru(OSO2CF3){(S,S)-TsNCH(C6H5)CH(C6H5)NH2}(eta(6)-p-cymene)] catalyzes the asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone in methanol to afford (S)-1-phenylethanol with 96% ee in 100% yield. Like the transfer hydrogenation catalyzed by similar Ru catalysts with basic 2-propanol or a formic acid/triethylamine mixture, this hydrogenation proceeds through a metal-ligand bifunctional mechanism. The reduction of the C=O function occurs via an intermediary 18e RuH species in its outer coordination sphere without metal-substrate interaction. The high catalytic efficiency relies on the facile ionization of the Ru triflate complex in methanol. The turnover rate is dependent on hydrogen pressure and medium acidity and basicity. The RuCl analogue can be used as a precatalyst, albeit less effectively. Unlike the well-known diphosphine-1,2-diamine-Ru(II)-catalyzed hydrogenation that proceeds in a basic alcohol, this reaction takes place under slightly acidic conditions, creating new opportunities for asymmetric hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Sandoval
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Shi L, Wang X, Sandoval CA, Li M, Qi Q, Li Z, Ding K. Engineering a Polymeric Chiral Catalyst by Using Hydrogen Bonding and Coordination Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200600432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shi L, Wang X, Sandoval CA, Li M, Qi Q, Li Z, Ding K. Engineering a Polymeric Chiral Catalyst by Using Hydrogen Bonding and Coordination Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:4108-12. [PMID: 16721890 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200600432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Sandoval CA, Yamaguchi Y, Ohkuma T, Kato K, Noyori R. Solution structures and behavior of trans-RuH(eta(1)-BH(4)) (binap)(1,2-diamine) complexes. Magn Reson Chem 2006; 44:66-75. [PMID: 16329088 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The solution structures of a number of trans-RuH(eta(1)-BH(4))[(S)-tolbinap](1,2-diamine) precatalysts [TolBINAP = 2,2'-bis(di-4-tolylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl; 1,2-diamine==(S,S)- or (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (DPEN), ethylenediamine (EN), and (S)-1,1-di(4-anisyl)-2-isopropylethylenediamine (DAIPEN)] have been determined using 2D NMR ((1)H--(1)H DQF-COSY, (1)H--(13)C HMQC, (1)H--(31)P HSQC, and (1)H--(15)N HSQC), and a double-pulsed field-gradient spin-echo (DPFGSE) NOE technique. All the octahedral Ru complexes adopt a trans configuration with respect to the BH(4) and hydride ligands. Amine protons of trans-RuH(eta(1)-BH(4))[(S)-tolbinap](1,2-diamine) complexes undergo H/D exchange in (CD(3))(2)CDOD. This inherent high acidity, coupled with the lability and chemical properties of the BH(4) ligand, allows for precatalyst activation without the need for an added base, in contrast to trans-RuCl(2)[(S)-tolbinap](1,2-diamine) precatalysts, which require a strong base for generation of a catalytic species. The H/BH(4) complex in a 2-propanol solution is converted to catalytically active [trans-RuH{(S)-tolbinap}{(S,S)-dpen}(ROH)](+) [(RO)(ROH)(n)](-) (R = (CH(3))(2)CH), a loosely associated ion pair of the discrete (solvated) cationic fragment and anionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Abstract
A combined system of RuCl2(tolbinap)(pica) and an alkaline or organic phosphazene base catalyzes asymmetric hydrogenation of sterically congested tert-alkyl ketones (TolBINAP = 2,2'-bis(di-4-tolylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl, PICA = alpha-picolylamine). Hydrogenation with RuH(eta1-BH4)(tolbinap)(pica) does not require any strong base. Alcoholic solvents strongly affect the catalytic efficiency. The reaction proceeds smoothly in ethanol under 1-20 atm of H2 and at room temperature with a substrate to catalyst molar ratio of up to 100 000. Various aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, and olefinic tert-alkyl ketones are convertible to the corresponding chiral carbinols in high enantiomeric purity. Olefinic and heteroaromatic functions are left intact. Certain cyclic ketones are also usable. The mode of enantioface selection is consistent and predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ohkuma
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Abstract
A combined system of RuCl2(tolbinap)(pica) and an alkaline or organic phosphazene base catalyzes asymmetric hydrogenation of sterically congested tert-alkyl ketones (TolBINAP = 2,2'-bis(di-4-tolylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl, PICA = alpha-picolylamine). Hydrogenation with RuH(eta1-BH4)(tolbinap)(pica) does not require any strong base. Alcoholic solvents strongly affect the catalytic efficiency. The reaction proceeds smoothly in ethanol under 1-20 atm of H2 and at room temperature with a substrate to catalyst molar ratio of up to 100 000. Various aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaromatic, and olefinic tert-alkyl ketones are convertible to the corresponding chiral carbinols in high enantiomeric purity. Olefinic and heteroaromatic functions are left intact. Certain cyclic ketones are also usable. The mode of enantioface selection is consistent and predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ohkuma
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Noyori R, Sandoval CA, Muñiz K, Ohkuma T. Metal-ligand bifunctional catalysis for asymmetric hydrogenation. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2005; 363:901-12; discussion 1035-40. [PMID: 15901542 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chiral diphosphine/1,2-diamine-Ru(II) complexes catalyse the rapid, productive and enantioselective hydrogenation of simple ketones. The carbonyl-selective hydrogenation takes place via a non-classical metal-ligand bifunctional mechanism. The reduction of the C=O function occurs in the outer coordination sphere of an 18e trans-RuH2(diphosphine)(diamine) complex without interaction between the unsaturated moiety and the metallic centre. The Ru atom donates a hydride and the NH2 ligand delivers a proton through a pericyclic six-membered transition state, directly giving an alcoholic product without metal alkoxide formation. The enantiofaces of prochiral ketones are differentiated on the chiral molecular surface of the saturated RuH2 species. This asymmetric catalysis manifests the significance of 'kinetic' supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Noyori
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Sandoval CA, Ohkuma T, Muñiz K, Noyori R. Mechanism of asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by BINAP/1,2-diamine-rutheniumII complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 125:13490-503. [PMID: 14583046 DOI: 10.1021/ja030272c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone with trans-RuH(eta(1)-BH(4))[(S)-tolbinap][(S,S)-dpen] (TolBINAP = 2,2'-bis(di-4-tolylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl; DPEN = 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine) in 2-propanol gives (R)-phenylethanol in 82% ee. The reaction proceeds smoothly even at an atmospheric pressure of H(2) at room temperature and is further accelerated by addition of an alkaline base or a strong organic base. Most importantly, the hydrogenation rate is initially increased to a great extent with an increase in base molarity but subsequently decreases. Without a base, the rate is independent of H(2) pressure in the range of 1-16 atm, while in the presence of a base, the reaction is accelerated with increasing H(2) pressure. The extent of enantioselection is unaffected by hydrogen pressure, the presence or absence of base, the kind of base and coexisting metallic or organic cations, the nature of the solvent, or the substrate concentrations. The reaction with H(2)/(CH(3))(2)CHOH proceeds 50 times faster than that with D(2)/(CD(3))(2)CDOD in the absence of base, but the rate differs only by a factor of 2 in the presence of KO-t-C(4)H(9). These findings indicate that dual mechanisms are in operation, both of which are dependent on reaction conditions and involve heterolytic cleavage of H(2) to form a common reactive intermediate. The key [RuH(diphosphine)(diamine)](+) and its solvate complex have been detected by ESI-TOFMS and NMR spectroscopy. The hydrogenation of ketones is proposed to occur via a nonclassical metal-ligand bifunctional mechanism involving a chiral RuH(2)(diphosphine)(diamine), where a hydride on Ru and a proton of the NH(2) ligand are simultaneously transferred to the C=O function via a six-membered pericyclic transition state. The NH(2) unit in the diamine ligand plays a pivotal role in the catalysis. The reaction occurs in the outer coordination sphere of the 18e RuH(2) complex without C=O/metal interaction. The enantiofaces of prochiral aromatic ketones are kinetically differentiated on the molecular surface of the coordinatively saturated chiral RuH(2) intermediate rather than in a coordinatively unsaturated Ru template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Bond AM, Miao W, Raston CL, Sandoval CA. Electrochemical, EPR, and Magnetic Studies on Microcrystals of the [C60⊂(p-Benzyl-calix[5]arene)2]•8Toluene and Its One-Electron-Reduced Encapsulation Complex. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0017442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. Bond
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Wujian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Atwood JL, Hardie MJ, Raston CL, Sandoval CA. Convergent Synthesis of p-Benzylcalix[7]arene: Condensation and UHIG of p-Benzylcalix[6 or 8]arenes. Org Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9908272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry L. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriColumbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, and Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Michaele J. Hardie
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriColumbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, and Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriColumbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, and Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Christian A. Sandoval
- Department of Chemistry, University of MissouriColumbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, and Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
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Atwood JL, Barbour LJ, Nichols PJ, Raston CL, Sandoval CA. Symmetry-Aligned Supramolecular Encapsulation of C60: [C60⊂(L)2], L=p-Benzylcalix[5]arene orp-Benzylhexahomooxacalix[3]arene. Chemistry 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(19990301)5:3<990::aid-chem990>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Drljaca A, Kepert C, Spiccia L, Raston CL, Sandoval CA, Smith TD. Qualitative test for supramolecular complexation of C60 using a mesoporous silica. Chem Commun (Camb) 1997. [DOI: 10.1039/a604839k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Soini Y, Chia SC, Bennett WP, Groopman JD, Wang JS, DeBenedetti VM, Cawley H, Welsh JA, Hansen C, Bergasa NV, Jones EA, DiBisceglie AM, Trivers GE, Sandoval CA, Calderon IE, Munoz Espinosa LE, Harris CC. An aflatoxin-associated mutational hotspot at codon 249 in the p53 tumor suppressor gene occurs in hepatocellular carcinomas from Mexico. Carcinogenesis 1996; 17:1007-12. [PMID: 8640905 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/17.5.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor gene is commonly mutated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The most frequent mutation in HCC in populations exposed to a high dietary intake of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is an AGGarg-->AGTser missense mutation in codon 249 of the p53 gene. We analyzed HCCs from Monterrey, Mexico, for the codon 249ser hotspot mutation. We also analyzed the serum AFB1-albumin adduct levels of the donors and family members to measure the current AFB1 exposure in this population. Moreover, the presence of hepatitis B and/or C viral infection (HBV or HCV) was analyzed serologically in the patients. Tumor cells were microdissected from tissue sections and exon 7 p53 sequences were amplified by polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNA and sequenced directly. The serological tests for anti-p53 antibodies, HBV or HCV were done by ELISA. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein was done using a polyclonal rabbit antiserum (CM-1). Eight of 21 cases were positive by p53 immunohistochemistry. Of the 16 cases sequenced for exon 7 of p53 three codon 249 AGGarg-->AGTser mutations were found. Serum antibodies recognizing p53 protein were found in one of 18 patients. Positive serology for HBV and/or HCV was found in 12 of 20 cases. The serum AFB1-albumin adduct levels in this population ranged from 0.54 to 4.64 pmol aflatoxin/mg albumin. These results indicate that dietary AFB1 and hepatitis viruses are etiological agents in the molecular pathogenesis of HCC in this geographic region of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Soini
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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