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Yoon SH, Meyer MB, Arevalo Rivas C, Tekguc M, Zhang C, Wang JS, Castro Andrade CD, Strauss KE, Sato T, Benkusky N, Lee SM, Berdeaux R, Foretz M, Sundberg TB, Xavier RJ, Adelmann CH, Brooks DJ, Anselmo A, Sadreyev RI, Rosales IA, Fisher DE, Gupta N, Morizane R, Greka A, Pike JW, Mannstadt M, Wein MN. A parathyroid hormone/salt-inducible kinase signaling axis controls renal vitamin D activation and organismal calcium homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163627. [PMID: 36862513 PMCID: PMC10145948 DOI: 10.1172/jci163627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The renal actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) promote 1,25-vitamin D generation; however, the signaling mechanisms that control PTH-dependent vitamin D activation remain unknown. Here we demonstrated that Salt Inducible Kinases (SIKs) orchestrated renal 1,25-vitamin D production downstream of PTH signaling. PTH inhibited SIK cellular activity by cAMP-dependent PKA phosphorylation. Whole tissue and single cell transcriptomics demonstrated that both PTH and pharmacologic SIK inhibitors regulated a vitamin D gene module in the proximal tubule. SIK inhibitors increased 1,25-vitamin D production and renal Cyp27b1 mRNA expression in mice and in human embryonic stem cell-derived kidney organoids. Global- and kidney-specific Sik2/Sik3 mutant mice showed Cyp27b1 upregulation, elevated serum 1,25-vitamin D, and PTH-independent hypercalcemia. The SIK substrate CRTC2 showed PTH and SIK inhibitor-inducible binding to key Cyp27b1 regulatory enhancers in the kidney, which were also required for SIK inhibitors to increase Cyp27b1 in vivo. Lastly, in a podocyte injury model of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD), SIK inhibitor treatment stimulated renal Cyp27b1 expression and 1,25-vitamin D production. Together, these results demonstrated a PTH/SIK/CRTC signaling axis in the kidney that controls Cyp27b1 expression and 1,25-vitamin D synthesis. These findings indicate that SIK inhibitors might be helpful to stimulate 1,25-vitamin D production in CKD-MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Yoon
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Mark B Meyer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States of America
| | - Carlos Arevalo Rivas
- Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, United States of America
| | - Murat Tekguc
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jialiang S Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Christian D Castro Andrade
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Katelyn E Strauss
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Tadatoshi Sato
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Nancy Benkusky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States of America
| | - Seong Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Marc Foretz
- Department of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Thomas B Sundberg
- Immunology Program, Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Immunology Program, Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, United States of America
| | - Charles H Adelmann
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Anthony Anselmo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ivy A Rosales
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Navin Gupta
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Anna Greka
- Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, United States of America
| | - J Wesley Pike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States of America
| | - Michael Mannstadt
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
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2
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Sato T, Andrade CDC, Yoon SH, Zhao Y, Greenlee WJ, Weber PC, Viswanathan U, Kulp J, Brooks DJ, Demay MB, Bouxsein ML, Mitlak B, Lanske B, Wein MN. Structure-based design of selective, orally available salt-inducible kinase inhibitors that stimulate bone formation in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2214396119. [PMID: 36472957 PMCID: PMC9897432 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214396119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. Currently, there are no orally available therapies that increase bone formation. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone formation through a signal transduction pathway that involves inhibition of salt-inducible kinase isoforms 2 and 3 (SIK2 and SIK3). Here, we further validate SIK2/SIK3 as osteoporosis drug targets by demonstrating that ubiquitous deletion of these genes in adult mice increases bone formation without extraskeletal toxicities. Previous efforts to target these kinases to stimulate bone formation have been limited by lack of pharmacologically acceptable, specific, orally available SIK2/SIK3 inhibitors. Here, we used structure-based drug design followed by iterative medicinal chemistry to identify SK-124 as a lead compound that potently inhibits SIK2 and SIK3. SK-124 inhibits SIK2 and SIK3 with single-digit nanomolar potency in vitro and in cell-based target engagement assays and shows acceptable kinome selectivity and oral bioavailability. SK-124 reduces SIK2/SIK3 substrate phosphorylation levels in human and mouse cultured bone cells and regulates gene expression patterns in a PTH-like manner. Once-daily oral SK-124 treatment for 3 wk in mice led to PTH-like effects on mineral metabolism including increased blood levels of calcium and 1,25-vitamin D and suppressed endogenous PTH levels. Furthermore, SK-124 treatment increased bone formation by osteoblasts and boosted trabecular bone mass without evidence of short-term toxicity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate PTH-like effects in bone and mineral metabolism upon in vivo treatment with orally available SIK2/SIK3 inhibitor SK-124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatoshi Sato
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01655
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA01655
| | | | - Sung-Hee Yoon
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Yingshe Zhao
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | | | - Patricia C. Weber
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH44106
| | | | | | - Daniel J. Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Marie B. Demay
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Mary L. Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | | | | | - Marc N. Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02142
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA02138
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3
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Mazur CM, Castro Andrade CD, Tokavanich N, Sato T, Bruce M, Brooks DJ, Bouxsein ML, Wang JS, Wein MN. Partial prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteocyte deterioration in young male mice with osteocrin gene therapy. iScience 2022; 25:105019. [PMID: 36105586 PMCID: PMC9464962 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid excess suppresses osteocyte remodeling of surrounding bone minerals, causes apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, and disrupts bone remodeling, eventually, leading to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and bone fragility. Preventing apoptosis and preserving osteocyte morphology could be an effective means of preventing bone loss during glucocorticoid treatment. We hypothesized that osteocrin, which preserves osteocyte viability and morphology in Sp7-deficient mice, could prevent osteocyte death and dysfunction in a glucocorticoid excess model. We used adeno-associated virus (AAV8) to induce osteocrin overexpression in mice one week before implantation with prednisolone or placebo pellets. After 28 days, prednisolone caused the expected reduction in cortical bone thickness and osteocyte canalicular length in control AAV8-treated mice, and these effects were blunted in mice receiving AAV8-osteocrin. Glucocorticoid-induced changes in cortical porosity, trabecular bone mass, and gene expression were not prevented by osteocrin. These findings support a modest therapeutic potential for AAV8-osteocrin in preserving osteocyte morphology during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Mazur
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nicha Tokavanich
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tadatoshi Sato
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Bruce
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary L. Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jialiang S. Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N. Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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4
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Tang CC, Castro Andrade CD, O'Meara MJ, Yoon SH, Sato T, Brooks DJ, Bouxsein ML, Martins JDS, Wang J, Gray NS, Misof B, Roschger P, Blouin S, Klaushofer K, Velduis-Vlug A, Vegting Y, Rosen CJ, O'Connell D, Sundberg TB, Xavier RJ, Ung P, Schlessinger A, Kronenberg HM, Berdeaux R, Foretz M, Wein MN. Dual targeting of salt inducible kinases and CSF1R uncouples bone formation and bone resorption. eLife 2021; 10:67772. [PMID: 34160349 PMCID: PMC8238509 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation and resorption are typically coupled, such that the efficacy of anabolic osteoporosis treatments may be limited by bone destruction. The multi-kinase inhibitor YKL-05-099 potently inhibits salt inducible kinases (SIKs) and may represent a promising new class of bone anabolic agents. Here, we report that YKL-05-099 increases bone formation in hypogonadal female mice without increasing bone resorption. Postnatal mice with inducible, global deletion of SIK2 and SIK3 show increased bone mass, increased bone formation, and, distinct from the effects of YKL-05-099, increased bone resorption. No cell-intrinsic role of SIKs in osteoclasts was noted. In addition to blocking SIKs, YKL-05-099 also binds and inhibits CSF1R, the receptor for the osteoclastogenic cytokine M-CSF. Modeling reveals that YKL-05-099 binds to SIK2 and CSF1R in a similar manner. Dual targeting of SIK2/3 and CSF1R induces bone formation without concomitantly increasing bone resorption and thereby may overcome limitations of most current anabolic osteoporosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chia Tang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Maureen J O'Meara
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Sung-Hee Yoon
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Tadatoshi Sato
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Daniel J Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Jinhua Wang
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Barbara Misof
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre, Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre, Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Stephane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre, Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre, Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch HospitalViennaAustria
| | - Annegreet Velduis-Vlug
- Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands,Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughCanada
| | - Yosta Vegting
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughCanada
| | | | | | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Peter Ung
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)HoustonUnited States
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States,Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States,Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeUnited States
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5
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Sato T, Verma S, Andrade CDC, Omeara M, Campbell N, Wang JS, Cetinbas M, Lang A, Ausk BJ, Brooks DJ, Sadreyev RI, Kronenberg HM, Lagares D, Uda Y, Pajevic PD, Bouxsein ML, Gross TS, Wein MN. A FAK/HDAC5 signaling axis controls osteocyte mechanotransduction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3282. [PMID: 32612176 PMCID: PMC7329900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes, cells ensconced within mineralized bone matrix, are the primary skeletal mechanosensors. Osteocytes sense mechanical cues by changes in fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) across their dendritic projections. Loading-induced reductions of osteocytic Sclerostin (encoded by Sost) expression stimulates new bone formation. However, the molecular steps linking mechanotransduction and Sost suppression remain unknown. Here, we report that class IIa histone deacetylases (HDAC4 and HDAC5) are required for loading-induced Sost suppression and bone formation. FFSS signaling drives class IIa HDAC nuclear translocation through a signaling pathway involving direct HDAC5 tyrosine 642 phosphorylation by focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a HDAC5 post-translational modification that controls its subcellular localization. Osteocyte cell adhesion supports FAK tyrosine phosphorylation, and FFSS triggers FAK dephosphorylation. Pharmacologic FAK catalytic inhibition reduces Sost mRNA expression in vitro and in vivo. These studies demonstrate a role for HDAC5 as a transducer of matrix-derived cues to regulate cell type-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadatoshi Sato
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Shiv Verma
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Maureen Omeara
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Nia Campbell
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jialiang S. Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Audrey Lang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Brandon J. Ausk
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Daniel J. Brooks
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Henry M. Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - David Lagares
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yuhei Uda
- 0000 0004 1936 7558grid.189504.1Translational Dental Medicine, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- 0000 0004 1936 7558grid.189504.1Translational Dental Medicine, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mary L. Bouxsein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ted S. Gross
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Marc N. Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.66859.34Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
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