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Rueda-Clausen CF, Davyduke T, Ma M. A192 CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS REFERRED TO THE HEPATOLOGY TRIAGE CLINIC: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVE TO ASSESS AND OPTIMIZE SCREENING PROTOCOLS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION STRATEGIES FOR MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - T Davyduke
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Ma
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Rueda-Clausen CF, Cardoso FS, Kneteman N, Karvellas CD, van Zanten SV. A73 SURVIVAL PREDICTORS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LIVER TRANSPLANT FOR NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS: A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N Kneteman
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Rueda-Clausen CF, Cardoso FS, Kneteman N, Karvellas CD, van Zanten SV. A322 ALBUMIN MODIFIED BODY MASS INDEX FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANT. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N Kneteman
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Gill RS, Majumdar SR, Rueda-Clausen CF, Apte S, Birch DW, Karmali S, Sharma AM, Klarenbach S, Padwal RS. Comparative effectiveness and safety of gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding in a population-based bariatric program: prospective cohort study. Can J Surg 2017; 59:233-41. [PMID: 27240132 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.013315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery in Canada is primarily delivered within publicly funded specialty clinics. Previous studies have demonstrated that bariatric surgery is superior to intensive medical management for reduction of weight and obesity-related comorbidities. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in a publicly funded, population-based bariatric treatment program. METHODS We followed consecutive bariatric surgery patients for 2 years. The primary outcome was weight change (in kilograms). Between-group changes were analyzed using multivariable regression. Last-observation-carried-forward imputation was used for missing data. RESULTS We included 150 consecutive patients (51 RYGB; 51 LSG; 48 LAGB) in our study. At baseline, mean age was 43.5 ± 9.5 years, 87.3% of patients were women, and preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 46.2 ± 7.4. Absolute and relative (% of baseline) weight loss at 2 years were 36.6 ± 19.5 kg (26.1 ± 12.2%) for RYGB, 21.4 ± 16.0 kg (16.4 ± 11.6%) for LSG and 7.0 ± 9.7 kg (5.8 ± 7.9%) for LAGB (p < 0.001). Change in BMI was greater for the RYGB (-13.0 ± 6.6) than both the LSG (-7.6 ± 5.7) and the LAGB (-2.6 ± 3.5) groups (p < 0.001). The reduction in diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia was greater after RYGB than after LAGB (all p < 0.05). There were no deaths. The anastomotic and staple leakage rate was 1.3%. CONCLUSION In a publicly funded, population-based bariatric surgery program, RYGB and LSG demonstrated greater weight loss than the LAGB procedure. Bypass resulted in the greatest reduction in obesity-related comorbidities. All procedures were safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richdeep S Gill
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta. (Gill, Karmali); the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Majumdar, Rueda-Clausen, Sharma, Klarenbach, Padwal); and the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Apte)
| | - Sumit R Majumdar
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta. (Gill, Karmali); the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Majumdar, Rueda-Clausen, Sharma, Klarenbach, Padwal); and the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Apte)
| | - Christian F Rueda-Clausen
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta. (Gill, Karmali); the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Majumdar, Rueda-Clausen, Sharma, Klarenbach, Padwal); and the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Apte)
| | - Sameer Apte
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta. (Gill, Karmali); the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Majumdar, Rueda-Clausen, Sharma, Klarenbach, Padwal); and the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Apte)
| | - Daniel W Birch
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta. (Gill, Karmali); the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Majumdar, Rueda-Clausen, Sharma, Klarenbach, Padwal); and the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Apte)
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta. (Gill, Karmali); the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Majumdar, Rueda-Clausen, Sharma, Klarenbach, Padwal); and the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Apte)
| | - Arya M Sharma
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta. (Gill, Karmali); the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Majumdar, Rueda-Clausen, Sharma, Klarenbach, Padwal); and the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Apte)
| | - Scott Klarenbach
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta. (Gill, Karmali); the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Majumdar, Rueda-Clausen, Sharma, Klarenbach, Padwal); and the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Apte)
| | - Raj S Padwal
- From the Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alta. (Gill, Karmali); the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Majumdar, Rueda-Clausen, Sharma, Klarenbach, Padwal); and the Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. (Apte)
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F. Rueda-Clausen
- Obesity Research & Management, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada; , ,
| | - Ayodele A. Ogunleye
- Obesity Research & Management, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada; , ,
| | - Arya M. Sharma
- Obesity Research & Management, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada; , ,
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Buitrago-Lopez A, van den Hooven EH, Rueda-Clausen CF, Serrano N, Ruiz AJ, Pereira MA, Mueller NT. Socioeconomic status is positively associated with measures of adiposity and insulin resistance, but inversely associated with dyslipidaemia in Colombian children. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:580-7. [PMID: 25691273 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases in developed societies, but investigation of SES and cardiometabolic risk in children in less economically developed populations is sparse. We aimed to examine associations among SES and cardiometabolic risk factors in Colombian children. METHODS We used data from a population-based study of 1282 children aged 6-10 years from Bucaramanga, Colombia. SES was classified according to household wealth, living conditions and access to public utilities. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured at a clinic visit. Cardiometabolic risk factors were analysed continuously using linear regression and as binary outcomes-according to established paediatric cut points-using logistic regression to calculate OR and 95% CIs. RESULTS Mean age of the children was 8.4 (SD 1.4) and 51.1% of the sample were boys. Odds of overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity and insulin resistance were greater among higher SES. Compared with the lowest SES stratum, children in the highest SES had higher odds of overweight/obesity (OR=3.25, 95% CI 1.89 to 5.57), abdominal obesity (OR=2.74, 95% CI 1.41 to 5.31) and insulin resistance (OR=2.60, 95% CI 1.81 to 3.71). In contrast, children in the highest SES had lower odds of hypertriglyceridaemia (triglycerides ≥90th centile; OR=0.28, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.54) and low (≤10th centile) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (OR=0.35, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.78). CONCLUSIONS In Colombian children, SES is directly associated with obesity and insulin resistance, but inversely associated with dyslipidaemia (hypertriglyceridaemia and low HDL cholesterol). Our findings highlight the need to analyse cardiometabolic risk factors separately in children and to carefully consider a population's level of economic development when studying their social determinants of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Buitrago-Lopez
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edith H van den Hooven
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F Rueda-Clausen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Li Ka Shing Centre for Heath Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Norma Serrano
- Division of Research, Fundacion Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Alvaro J Ruiz
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota DC, Colombia
| | - Mark A Pereira
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Noel T Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Warkentin LM, Majumdar SR, Johnson JA, Agborsangaya CB, Rueda-Clausen CF, Sharma AM, Klarenbach SW, Karmali S, Birch DW, Padwal RS. Weight loss required by the severely obese to achieve clinically important differences in health-related quality of life: two-year prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2014; 12:175. [PMID: 25315502 PMCID: PMC4212133 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines and experts describe 5% to 10% reductions in body weight as 'clinically important'; however, it is not clear if 5% to 10% weight reductions correspond to clinically important improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQL). Our objective was to calculate the amount of weight loss required to attain established minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) in HRQL, measured using three validated instruments. METHODS Data from the Alberta Population-based Prospective Evaluation of Quality of Life Outcomes and Economic Impact of Bariatric Surgery (APPLES) study, a population-based, prospective Canadian cohort including 150 wait-listed, 200 medically managed and 150 surgically treated patients were examined. Two-year changes in weight and HRQL measures (Short-Form (SF)-12 physical (PCS; MCID = 5) and mental (MCS; MCID = 5) component summary score, EQ-5D Index (MCID = 0.03) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS; MCID = 10), Impact of Weight on Quality of Life (IWQOL)-Lite total score (MCID = 12)) were calculated. Separate multivariable linear regression models were constructed within medically and surgically treated patients to determine if weight changes achieved HRQL MCIDs. Pooled analysis in all 500 patients was performed to estimate the weight reductions required to achieve the pre-defined MCID for each HRQL instrument. RESULTS Mean age was 43.7 (SD 9.6) years, 88% were women, 92% were white, and mean initial body mass index was 47.9 (SD 8.1) kg/m2. In surgically treated patients (two-year weight loss = 16%), HRQL MCIDs were reached for all instruments except the SF-12 MCS. In medically managed patients (two-year weight loss = 3%), MCIDs were attained in the EQ-index but not the other instruments. In all patients, percent weight reductions to achieve MCIDs were: 23% (95% confidence interval (CI): 17.5, 32.5) for PCS, 25% (17.5, 40.2) for MCS, 9% (6.2, 15.0) for EQ-Index, 23% (17.3, 36.1) for EQ-VAS, and 17% (14.1, 20.4) for IWQOL-Lite total score. CONCLUSIONS Weight reductions to achieve MCIDs for most HRQL instruments are markedly higher than the conventional threshold of 5% to 10%. Surgical, but not medical treatment, consistently led to clinically important improvements in HRQL over two years. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00850356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Warkentin
- />Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
- />Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Sumit R Majumdar
- />Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
- />Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB Canada
- />School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Johnson
- />Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB Canada
- />School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Calypse B Agborsangaya
- />Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB Canada
- />School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Christian F Rueda-Clausen
- />Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
- />Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Arya M Sharma
- />Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
- />Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Scott W Klarenbach
- />Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
- />Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- />Department of Surgery and CAMIS (Center for the Advancement of Minimally. Invasive Surgery), University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Daniel W Birch
- />Department of Surgery and CAMIS (Center for the Advancement of Minimally. Invasive Surgery), University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Raj S Padwal
- />Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
- />Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB Canada
- />5-134A Clinical Sciences Building, 8440-112th Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3 Canada
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Campbell-Scherer DL, Asselin J, Osunlana AM, Fielding S, Anderson R, Rueda-Clausen CF, Johnson JA, Ogunleye AA, Cave A, Manca D, Sharma AM. Implementation and evaluation of the 5As framework of obesity management in primary care: design of the 5As Team (5AsT) randomized control trial. Implement Sci 2014; 9:78. [PMID: 24947045 PMCID: PMC4076432 DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-9-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a pressing public health concern, which frequently presents in primary care. With the explosive obesity epidemic, there is an urgent need to maximize effective management in primary care. The 5As of Obesity Management™ (5As) are a collection of knowledge tools developed by the Canadian Obesity Network. Low rates of obesity management visits in primary care suggest provider behaviour may be an important variable. The goal of the present study is to increase frequency and quality of obesity management in primary care using the 5As Team (5AsT) intervention to change provider behaviour. METHODS/DESIGN The 5AsT trial is a theoretically informed, pragmatic randomized controlled trial with mixed methods evaluation. Clinic-based multidisciplinary teams (RN/NP, mental health, dietitians) will be randomized to control or the 5AsT intervention group, to participate in biweekly learning collaborative sessions supported by internal and external practice facilitation. The learning collaborative content addresses provider-identified barriers to effective obesity management in primary care. Evidence-based shared decision making tools will be co-developed and iteratively tested by practitioners. Evaluation will be informed by the RE-AIM framework. The primary outcome measure, to which participants are blinded, is number of weight management visits/full-time equivalent (FTE) position. Patient-level outcomes will also be assessed, through a longitudinal cohort study of patients from randomized practices. Patient outcomes include clinical (e.g., body mass index [BMI], blood pressure), health-related quality of life (SF-12, EQ5D), and satisfaction with care. Qualitative data collected from providers and patients will be evaluated using thematic analysis to understand the context, implementation and effectiveness of the 5AsT program. DISCUSSION The 5AsT trial will provide a wide range of insights into current practices, knowledge gaps and barriers that limit obesity management in primary practice. The use of existing resources, collaborative design, practice facilitation, and integrated feedback loops cultivate an applicable, adaptable and sustainable approach to increasing the quantity and quality of weight management visits in primary care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01967797.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Campbell-Scherer
- Department of Family Medicine, Clinical Research Unit, University of Alberta, 2-004 Li Ka Shing Ctr, 87 Avenue and 112st, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raj S Padwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2G3
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Warkentin LM, Majumdar SR, Johnson JA, Agborsangaya CB, Rueda-Clausen CF, Sharma AM, Klarenbach SW, Birch DW, Karmali S, McCargar L, Fassbender K, Padwal RS. Predictors of health-related quality of life in 500 severely obese patients. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1367-72. [PMID: 24415405 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize health-related quality of life (HRQL) impairment in severely obese subjects, using several validated instruments. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of 500 severely obese subjects was completed. Short-Form (SF)-12 [Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) component summary scores], EuroQol (EQ)-5D [Index and Visual Analog Scale (VAS)], and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life (IWQOL)-Lite were administered. Multivariable linear regression models were performed to identify independent predictors of HRQL. RESULTS Increasing BMI was associated with lower PCS (-1.33 points per 5 kg/m(2) heavier; P < 0.001), EQ-index (-0.02; P < 0.001), EQ-VAS (-1.71; P = 0.003), and IWQOL-Lite (-3.72; P = 0.002), but not MCS (P = 0.69). The strongest predictors (all P < 0.005) for impairment in each instrument were: fibromyalgia for PCS (-5.84 points), depression for MCS (-7.49 points), stroke for EQ-index (-0.17 points), less than full-time employment for EQ-VAS (-7.06 points), and coronary disease for IWQOL-Lite (-10.86 points). Chronic pain, depression, and sleep apnea were associated with reduced HRQL using all instruments. CONCLUSION The clinical impact of BMI on physical and general HRQL was small, and mental health scores were not associated with BMI. Chronic pain, depression, and sleep apnea were consistently associated with lower HRQL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Warkentin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Rueda-Clausen CF, Benterud E, Bond T, Olszowka R, Vallis MT, Sharma AM. Effect of implementing the 5As of obesity management framework on provider-patient interactions in primary care. Clin Obes 2014; 4:39-44. [PMID: 25425131 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Obesity counselling in primary care is positively associated with self-reported behaviour change in patients with obesity. Obesity counselling is rare, and when it does occur, it is often of low quality because of poor training and/or competency of providers' obesity management, lack of time and economical disincentives, and negative attitude towards obesity and obesity management. 5As frameworks are routinely used for behaviour-change counselling and addiction management (e.g. smoking cessation), but few studies have examined its efficacy for weight management. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS This study presents pilot data from the implementation and evaluation of an obesity management tool (5As of Obesity Management developed by the Canadian Obesity Network) in a primary care setting. Results show that the tool facilitates weight management in primary care by promoting physician-patient communications, medical assessments for obesity and plans for follow-up care. Obesity remains poorly managed in primary care. The 5As of Obesity Management is a theory-driven, evidence-based minimal intervention designed to facilitate obesity counselling and management by primary care practitioners. This project tested the impact of implementing this tool in primary care clinics. Electronic self-administered surveys were completed by pre-screened obese subjects at the end of their appointments in four primary care clinics (over 25 healthcare providers [HCPs]). These measurements were performed before (baseline, n = 51) and 1 month after implementing the 5As of Obesity Management (post-intervention, n = 51). Intervention consisted of one online training session (90 min) and distribution of the 5As toolkit to HCPs of participating clinics. Subjects completing the survey before and after the intervention were comparable in terms of age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, satisfaction and self-reported health status (P > 0.2). Implementing the 5As of Obesity Management resulted in a twofold increase in the initiation of obesity management (19 vs. 39%, P = 0.03), and caused a statistically significant increase in the perceived follow-up/coordination efforts (self-reported Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care components, 45 ± 22 vs. 67 ± 12 points, P = 0.002), as well as two components of the 5As framework: Assess (50 ± 29 vs. 66 ± 15 points, P = 0.03) and Assist (54 ± 26 vs. 72 ± 13 points, P = 0.01). Our results suggest that using the 5As of Obesity Management facilitates weight management in primary care by promoting physician-patient communications, medical assessments for obesity and plans for follow-up care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Rueda-Clausen
- Obesity Research and Management, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; South Calgary Primary Care Network (SCPCN), Calgary, Canada
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Rueda-Clausen CF, Stanley JL, Thambiraj DF, Poudel R, Davidge ST, Baker PN. Effect of prenatal hypoxia in transgenic mouse models of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:492-502. [PMID: 24084523 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113503401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS(-)(/-)) or catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT(-/-)) exhibit a preeclampsia-like phenotype and fetal growth restriction. We hypothesized that a hypoxic insult would result in a more severe phenotype. Pregnant eNOS(-/-), COMT(-/-) and control (C57BL/6J) mice were randomized to hypoxic (10.5% O(2)) or normal conditions (20.9% O(2)) from gestational day 10.5 to 18.5. Hypoxia increased the blood pressure in all genotypes and proteinuria in C57BL/6J and eNOS(-/-) mice. Fetal survival was significantly reduced following hypoxia, particularly in eNOS(-/-) mice. Birth weight was decreased in both C57BL/6J and COMT(-/-) mice. Placentas from COMT(-/-) mice demonstrated increased peroxynitrite. Despite similar hypoxia-induced effects on maternal blood pressure and proteinuria, eNOS(-/-) embryos have a decreased tolerance to hypoxia. Compared to C57BL/6J, COMT(-/-) mice exhibited less severe changes in proteinuria and fetal growth when exposed to prenatal hypoxia. This relative resistance to prenatal hypoxia was associated with a significant increase in placental levels of peroxynitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Rueda-Clausen
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
Obesity, which results from an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure, now affects over 500 million individuals worldwide. Lifestyle and behavioural interventions aimed at reducing calorie intake and/or increasing energy expenditure have limited long-term effectiveness due to complex and persistent hormonal, metabolic and neurochemical adaptations that defend against weight loss and promote weight regain. Surgical treatments for obesity, although highly effective, are unavailable or unsuitable for the majority of individuals with excess adiposity. Accordingly, few effective treatment options are available to most individuals with obesity. In the past, the use of antiobesity drugs, seemingly the logical choice to fill this therapeutic gap, has been limited because of a lack of efficacy, poor long-term adherence rates and serious adverse effects. In 2012, the FDA approved two new medications-lorcaserin and phentermine-topiramate controlled release-and is currently reviewing the resubmission of naltrexone sustained release-bupropion sustained release. This Review presents the available data on the efficacy and safety of these three medications and discusses future perspectives and challenges related to pharmacological weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Rueda-Clausen
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Alabdali F, Rueda-Clausen CF, Robbins S, Sharma AM. Efficacy and safety of long-term low-calorie diet in severely obese patients non-eligible for surgery. Clin Obes 2013; 3:90-4. [PMID: 25586530 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the long-term efficacy and safety of low-calorie diets (LCDs; providing 900 kcal day(-1) ) in obese patients who have failed to achieve adequate weight loss with standard medical management and are non-eligible for surgical therapeutic options. Charts from a regional hospital-based outpatient bariatric programme were reviewed. Eight patients (75% male, age 60.1 ± 7.8 years) with severe obesity (body mass index 57.1 ± 8.8 kg m(-2) ) and undergoing long-term LCD (33 ± 10 months) were identified. Variables of interest included anthropometric, cardiovascular risk and nutritional parameters, thyroid, renal and liver function, changes in medications, side effects and adverse events. Average weight loss was 44 ± 15 kg (27 ± 13% of initial weight) at 24 months. Long-term management with LCD resulted in substantial and sustained improvements in glucose homeostasis, blood pressure and lipid profile. LCD was well tolerated with minor self-limited side effects. Over the follow-up period, two subjects underwent coronary revascularization and one patient underwent knee replacement surgery - all recovered without complications. These findings suggest that in selected obese patients (non-eligible for surgery), long-term management with LCD may provide an alternative option for substantial and sustainable weight loss with significant improvements in metabolic and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alabdali
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Poudel R, Stanley JL, Rueda-Clausen CF, Andersson IJ, Sibley CP, Davidge ST, Baker PN. Effects of resveratrol in pregnancy using murine models with reduced blood supply to the uterus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64401. [PMID: 23667712 PMCID: PMC3648569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) contribute significantly to fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Although the causes of PE and FGR are not fully understood, both conditions are known to be associated with impaired uterine artery blood flow. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in a number of plants, has been shown to induce relaxation of uterine arteries in vitro as well as improve many pathological conditions associated with PE and FGR. We hypothesized that treatment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice (eNOS⁻/⁻) and catechol-O-methyltransferase knockout mice (COMT⁻/⁻) with resveratrol during pregnancy would improve uterine artery blood flow and therefore ameliorate the PE-like phenotype and FGR in these murine models. Pregnant C57BL/6J, eNOS⁻/⁻ and COMT⁻/⁻ mice received either resveratrol supplemented diet (4 g/kg diet) or control diet between gestational day (GD) 0.5 and GD 18.5. Resveratrol supplementation significantly increased uterine artery blood flow velocity and fetal weight in COMT⁻/⁻ but not in eNOS⁻/⁻ mice. There were no effects of resveratrol on litter size and placental weight among the groups. In conclusion, resveratrol increased uterine artery blood flow velocity and fetal weight in COMT⁻/⁻ mice, suggesting potential as a therapeutic strategy for PE and FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Poudel
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joanna L. Stanley
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christian F. Rueda-Clausen
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Irene J. Andersson
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Colin P. Sibley
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip N. Baker
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Gabert DL, Majumdar SR, Sharma AM, Rueda-Clausen CF, Klarenbach SW, Birch DW, Karmali S, McCargar L, Fassbender K, Padwal RS. Prevalence and predictors of self-reported sexual abuse in severely obese patients in a population-based bariatric program. J Obes 2013; 2013:374050. [PMID: 23864941 PMCID: PMC3705987 DOI: 10.1155/2013/374050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual abuse may be associated with poorer weight loss outcomes following bariatric treatment. Identifying predictors of abuse would enable focused screening and may increase weight management success. METHODS We analyzed data from 500 consecutively recruited obese subjects from a population-based, regional bariatric program. The prevalence of self-reported sexual abuse was ascertained using a single interview question. Health status was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify sexual abuse predictors. RESULTS The mean age was 43.7 y (SD 9.6), 441 (88.2%) were females, 458 (91.8%) were white, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 47.9 kg/m(2) (SD 8.1). The self-reported prevalence of past abuse was 21.8% (95% CI 18.4-25.4%). Abused subjects had worse health status (VAS score 53.1 (SD 21.2) versus 58.0 (SD 20.1), P = 0.03). BMI was not associated with abuse (P > 0.5). Age, sex, BMI, and covariate-adjusted independent predictors of abuse included alcohol addiction (adjusted odds ratio 15.8; 95% CI 4.0-62.8), posttraumatic stress disorder (4.9; 2.5-9.5), borderline personality (3.8; 1.0-13.8), depression (2.4; 1.3-4.3), and lower household income (3.4; 1.6-7.0). CONCLUSIONS Abuse was common amongst obese patients managed in a population-based bariatric program; alcohol addiction, psychiatric comorbidities, and low-income status were highly associated with sexual abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L. Gabert
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
| | - Sumit R. Majumdar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
| | - Arya M. Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
| | - Christian F. Rueda-Clausen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
| | - Scott W. Klarenbach
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
| | - Daniel W. Birch
- Department of Surgery and CAMIS (Center for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery), University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada T5H 3V9
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- Department of Surgery and CAMIS (Center for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery), University of Alberta, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada T5H 3V9
| | - Linda McCargar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Konrad Fassbender
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Raj S. Padwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
- Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, 8440-112th Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7
- *Raj S. Padwal:
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Thambiraj DF, Rueda-Clausen CF, Stanley J, Poudel R, Davidge S, Baker P. Effects of maternal hypoxia on placental levels of oxidative stress markers in COMT-/- and C57 mice. BMC Proc 2012. [PMCID: PMC3426038 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-6-s4-p10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Rueda-Clausen CF, Morton JS, Dolinsky VW, Dyck JRB, Davidge ST. Synergistic effects of prenatal hypoxia and postnatal high-fat diet in the development of cardiovascular pathology in young rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 303:R418-26. [PMID: 22739349 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00148.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that adult offspring exposed to a prenatal hypoxic insult leading to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are more susceptible to cardiovascular pathologies. Our objectives were to evaluate the interaction between hypoxia-induced IUGR and postnatal diet in the early development of cardiovascular pathologies. Furthermore, we sought to determine whether the postnatal administration of resveratrol could prevent the development of cardiovascular disorders associated with hypoxia-induced IUGR. On day 15 of pregnancy, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to hypoxia (11.5% oxygen), to induce IUGR, or normal oxygen (control) groups. For study A, male offspring (3 wk of age) were randomly assigned a low-fat (LF, <10% fat) or a high-fat (HF, 45% fat) diet. For study B, offspring were randomized to either HF or HF+resveratrol diets. After 9 wk, cardiac and vascular functions were evaluated. Prenatal hypoxia and HF diet were associated with an increased myocardial susceptibility to ischemia. Blood pressure, in vivo cardiac function, and ex vivo vascular function were not different among experimental groups; however, hypoxia-induced IUGR offspring had lower resting heart rates. Our results suggest that prenatal insults can enhance the susceptibility to a second hit such as myocardial ischemia, and that this phenomenon is exacerbated, in the early stages of life by nutritional stressors such as a HF diet. Supplementing HF diets with resveratrol improved cardiac tolerance to ischemia in offspring born IUGR but not in controls. Thus we conclude that the additive effect of prenatal (hypoxia-induced IUGR) and postnatal (HF diet) factors can lead to the earlier development of cardiovascular pathology in rats, and postnatal resveratrol supplementation prevented the deleterious cardiovascular effects of HF diet in offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia.
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Stanley JL, Andersson IJ, Poudel R, Rueda-Clausen CF, Sibley CP, Davidge ST, Baker PN. Sildenafil citrate rescues fetal growth in the catechol-O-methyl transferase knockout mouse model. Hypertension 2012; 59:1021-8. [PMID: 22392899 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.186270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction are responsible for the majority of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with complicated pregnancies. Although their etiologies are complex and multifactorial, both are associated with increased uterine artery resistance. Sildenafil citrate is able to rescue the dysfunction observed ex vivo in uterine arteries of women with preeclampsia. The ability of sildenafil citrate to increase uterine artery vasodilation, thereby decreasing uterine artery resistance and, hence, ameliorated preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, was tested in a mouse model of preeclampsia, the catechol-O-methyl transferase knockout mouse (COMT(-/-)). COMT(-/-) and C57BL/6J mice were treated (0.2 mg/mL in drinking water, n=6-12) from gestational day 12.5 to 18.5. Measures of pup growth, including body weight, crown/rump length, and abdominal circumference, were reduced in COMT(-/-) mice; this was normalized after treatment with Sildenafil. COMT(-/-) mice also demonstrated abnormal umbilical Doppler waveforms, including reverse arterial blood flow velocity. This was normalized after treatment with Sildenafil. Abnormal uterine artery Doppler waveforms were not demonstrated in COMT(-/-) mice, although ex vivo responses of uterine arteries to phenylephrine were increased; moreover, treatment with Sildenafil did improve ex vivo sensitivity to an endothelium-dependent vasodilator. The data presented here demonstrate that Sildenafil can rescue pup growth and improve abnormal umbilical Doppler waveforms, providing support for a potential new therapeutic strategy targeting fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Stanley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Dolinsky VW, Rueda-Clausen CF, Morton JS, Davidge ST, Dyck JR. Continued postnatal administration of resveratrol prevents diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rat offspring born growth restricted. Diabetes 2011; 60:2274-84. [PMID: 21810598 PMCID: PMC3161324 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A prenatal hypoxic insult leading to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases the susceptibility to develop metabolic syndrome (MetS) later in life. Since resveratrol (Resv), the polyphenol produced by plants, exerts insulin-sensitizing effects, we tested whether Resv could prevent deleterious metabolic effects of being born IUGR. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Pregnant rats were exposed to either a normoxic (control; 21% O(2)) or a hypoxic (IUGR; 11.5% O(2)) environment during the last third of gestation. After weaning, male offspring were randomly assigned to receive either a high-fat (HF; 45% fat) diet or an HF diet with Resv (4 g/kg diet) for 9 weeks when various parameters of the MetS were measured. RESULTS Relative to normoxic controls, hypoxia-induced IUGR offspring developed a more severe MetS, including glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, increased intra-abdominal fat deposition and intra-abdominal adipocyte size, and increased plasma triacylglycerol (TG) and free fatty acids, as well as peripheral accumulation of TG, diacylglycerol, and ceramides. In only IUGR offspring, the administration of Resv reduced intra-abdominal fat deposition to levels comparable with controls, improved the plasma lipid profile, and reduced accumulation of TG and ceramides in the tissues. Moreover, Resv ameliorated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance as well as impaired Akt signaling in the liver and skeletal muscle of IUGR offspring and activated AMP-activated protein kinase, which likely contributed to improved metabolic parameters in Resv-treated IUGR rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that early, postnatal administration of Resv can improve the metabolic profile of HF-fed offspring born from pregnancies complicated by IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon W. Dolinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christian F. Rueda-Clausen
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jude S. Morton
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason R.B. Dyck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Corresponding author: Jason R.B. Dyck,
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Abstract
Almost 30 years ago, a series of epidemiological studies popularized the early programming theory that had resulted from observed associations between low birthweight and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality later in life. Since then, several clinical and experimental models have been created to understand the principles and mechanisms of this fascinating phenomenon and describe its relevance to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and many other chronic diseases. Despite the growing body of published evidence, the specific mechanisms mediating early programming effects are still elusive. Moreover, many controversial issues have arisen regarding the characteristics of the most commonly used clinical and experimental models, the existence of potential windows of susceptibility for different organs, and the presence of sex differences in its pathophysiology. Therefore, this review synthesizes some of the antecedents behind the early programming theory and discusses some of the controversial issues surrounding it. Early programming has been extensively linked to several chronic diseases; however, for the purposes of this review we have concentrated on the potential role of this entity in the pathophysiology of chronic cardiovascular diseases.
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Rueda-Clausen CF, Dolinsky VW, Morton JS, Proctor SD, Dyck JR, Davidge ST. Hypoxia-induced intrauterine growth restriction increases the susceptibility of rats to high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 2011; 60:507-16. [PMID: 21270262 PMCID: PMC3028350 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is recognized that there is a remarkable variability in the systemic response to high-fat (HF) diets that cannot be completely explained by genetic factors. In addition, pregnancy complications leading to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have been associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) later in life. Thus, we hypothesized that offspring born with IUGR exhibit permanent metabolic changes that make them more susceptible to HF diet-induced MetS. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS SD rats born normal (control) or with hypoxia-induced IUGR were randomized to low-fat (10% fat) or HF (45% fat) diets. After 9 weeks of feeding, physiological and molecular pathways involved in the MetS were evaluated. RESULTS IUGR offspring exhibited decreased energy intake and physical activity relative to controls. In offspring fed a HF diet, IUGR was associated with decreased total body fat content, a relative increase in intra-abdominal fat deposition and adipocyte size, an increase in fasting plasma concentrations of leptin, triglyceride and free fatty acids, and an increased concentration of triglycerides and ceramides in both liver and skeletal muscle. These changes in lipid homeostasis were accompanied by in vivo insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance and associated with increased phosphorylation of protein kinase C , inhibition of insulin receptor substrate 1, and a decreased activation of protein kinase B (PKB; also known as Akt) in liver and skeletal muscle in response to insulin. CONCLUSIONS IUGR enhances specific deleterious metabolic responses to a HF diet. Our results suggest that offspring born with IUGR may require special attention and follow-up to prevent the early onset of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F. Rueda-Clausen
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Vernon W. Dolinsky
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jude S. Morton
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason R.B. Dyck
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Corresponding authors: Sandra T. Davidge, , and Jason R.B. Dyck,
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Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been observed systemically in women with gestational diabetes (GDM). Important cardiovascular adaptations occur during pregnancy, including enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in systemic and uterine arteries, which are necessary to ensure the health of both mother and fetus. The effects of GDM, however, on uterine artery function and the possible mechanisms that mediate endothelial dysfunction remain unknown. The aim of this study was to utilize a mouse model of GDM to investigate (a) effects on uteroplacental flow, (b) endothelial function of uterine and mesenteric arteries, and (c) possible mechanisms of any dysfunction observed. Pregnant mice heterozygous for a leptin receptor mutation (Lepr(db) (/+); He) spontaneously develop GDM and were compared to wild-type (WT) mice at day 18.5 of gestation. Uterine artery flow was assessed using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Uterine and mesenteric artery function was assessed using wire myography. Arterial superoxide production was measured using oxidative fluorescence microphotography. In vivo uteroplacental perfusion was impaired in mice with GDM, indicated by a significant increase in uterine artery resistance index. Maximal endothelium-dependent relaxation to methacholine was significantly impaired in mesenteric arteries from mice with GDM, while sensitivity was significantly reduced in uterine arteries. Both uterine and mesenteric arteries from mice with GDM exhibited a greater dependence on nitric oxide and increased superoxide production compared with those from mice with a healthy pregnancy. A significant source of superoxide in GDM mice was uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. These changes may contribute to the development of some of the fetal and maternal complication associated with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Stanley
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology & Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Rueda-Clausen CF, Morton JS, Lopaschuk GD, Davidge ST. Long-term effects of intrauterine growth restriction on cardiac metabolism and susceptibility to ischaemia/reperfusion. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 90:285-94. [PMID: 21097804 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Adult offspring who are born intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) are at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases during adulthood. Additionally, several cardiac diseases are associated with changes in myocardial energy metabolism. However, the potential long-term effects of being born IUGR on cardiac energetics are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effect of IUGR on cardiac performance and energy metabolism under aerobic conditions and after ischaemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS AND RESULTS To induce IUGR, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to hypoxic (11.5% O(2)) or control (21% O(2)) environments from day 15 to 21 of pregnancy. Cardiac susceptibility to IR was evaluated in male and female offspring at 4 (young-adult) or 12 (ageing) months of age using isolated working hearts. Cardiac production of energy was evaluated using radiolabelled substrates. Both male and female IUGR offspring exhibited an increased susceptibility to IR injury compared with controls (P< 0.05) as well as an increased post-ischaemic production of protons (P< 0.001) secondary to a mismatch between myocardial glycolysis and glucose oxidation rates. Moreover, offspring born IUGR exhibited an increased myocardial production of acetyl-CoA during reperfusion. The mismatch between energy production and cardiac performance indicates that in IUGR offspring, cardiac efficiency during reperfusion was decreased relative to controls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that hypoxia-induced IUGR has long-term effects on cardiac susceptibility to IR injury that are independent of sex and age. Moreover, we identified a mismatch in glucose metabolism, leading to proton accumulation in the post-ischaemic myocardium of offspring born IUGR as a potential mechanism involved.
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Morton JS, Rueda-Clausen CF, Davidge ST. Mechanisms of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in male and female, young and aged offspring born growth restricted. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298:R930-8. [PMID: 20053962 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00641.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that cardiovascular dysfunction in adult life may be programmed by compromised growth in utero. Aging is a risk factor for vascular endothelial-dependent dysfunction. After birth, the impact of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on normal aging mechanisms of vascular dysfunction is not known. We hypothesized that IUGR would cause changes in vascular function that would affect the mechanisms of endothelium-dependent vasodilation later in life in an age- or sex-dependent manner. To create an IUGR model, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in a hypoxic (12% O(2)) or control (room air, 21% O(2)) environment from days 15 to 21 of the pregnancy, and both male and female offspring were investigated at 4 or 12 mo of age. Endothelial function was assessed in small mesenteric arteries using methacholine (MCh)-induced vasodilation in a wire myograph system. The involvement of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) was assessed using the inhibitors N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, meclofenamate, or a combination of apamin and TRAM-34 (SK(Ca) and IK(Ca) blockers), respectively. EDHF-induced vasodilation was further investigated by using inhibitors of P450 epoxygenases [N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl) hexanamide] and gap junctions (18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid). NO-mediated vasodilation was significantly reduced in aged controls and both young and aged IUGR females. EDHF-mediated vasodilation was maintained in all groups; however, an additional involvement of gap junctions was found in females exposed to hypoxia in utero, which may represent a compensatory mechanism. A change in the mechanisms of vasodilation occurring at an earlier age in IUGR offspring may predispose them to adult cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Morton
- Department of Obstetrics, 232 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
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Rueda-Clausen CF, Morton JS, Davidge ST. Effects of hypoxia-induced intrauterine growth restriction on cardiopulmonary structure and function during adulthood. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:713-22. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T. Davidge
- From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Physiology, University of Alberta; and the Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jude S. Morton
- From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Physiology, University of Alberta; and the Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christian F. Rueda-Clausen
- From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Physiology, University of Alberta; and the Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Silva SY, Rueda LC, Márquez GA, López M, Smith DJ, Calderón CA, Castillo JC, Matute J, Rueda-Clausen CF, Orduz A, Silva FA, Kampeerapappun P, Bhide M, López-Jaramillo P. Double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, using a nitric oxide releasing patch: PATHON. Trials 2007; 8:26. [PMID: 17897470 PMCID: PMC2092425 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-8-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes Mellitus constitutes one of the most important public health problems due to its high prevalence and enormous social and economic consequences. Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus and constitute the most important cause of non-traumatic amputation of inferior limbs. It is estimated that 15% of the diabetic population will develop an ulcer sometime in their lives. Although novel therapies have been proposed, there is no effective treatment for this pathology. Naturally produced nitric oxide participates in the wound healing process by stimulating the synthesis of collagen, triggering the release of chemotactic cytokines, increasing blood vessels permeability, promoting angiogenic activity, stimulating the release of epidermical growth factors, and by interfering with the bacterial mitochondrial respiratory chain. Topically administered nitric oxide has demonstrated to be effective and safe for the treatment of chronic ulcers secondary to cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, due to their unstable nitric oxide release, the topical donors needed to be applied frequently, diminishing the adherence to the treatment. This difficulty has led to the development of a multilayer polymeric transdermal patch produced by electrospinning technique that guarantees a constant nitric oxide release. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this novel nitric oxide releasing wound dressing for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Methods and design A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, including 100 diabetic patients was designed. At the time of enrollment, a complete medical evaluation and laboratory tests will be performed, and those patients who meet the inclusion criteria randomly assigned to one of two groups. Over the course of 90 days group 1 will receive active patches and group 2 placebo patches. The patients will be seen by the research group at least every two weeks until the healing of the ulcer or the end of the treatment. During each visit the healing process of the ulcer, the patient's health status and the presence of adverse events will be assessed. Should the effectiveness of the patches be demonstrated an alternative treatment would then be available to patients. Trial registration NCT00428727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Y Silva
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Ligia C Rueda
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Gustavo A Márquez
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Marcos López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Carlos A Calderón
- Fundación Santandereana de Diabetes y Obesidad (FUSANDE), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Juan C Castillo
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Jaime Matute
- Instituto de Seguros Sociales, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Christian F Rueda-Clausen
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Arturo Orduz
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Federico A Silva
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | | | - Mahesh Bhide
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Patricio López-Jaramillo
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
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Silva FA, Rueda-Clausen CF, Silva SY, Zarruk JG, Guzmán JC, Morillo CA, Vesga B, Pradilla G, Flórez M, López-Jaramillo P. Endothelial function in patients with migraine during the interictal period. Headache 2007; 47:45-51. [PMID: 17355493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate endothelial function in migraineurs subjects during the asymptomatic period. BACKGROUND Migraine has been proposed as a risk factor for cerebrovascular events. The underlying mechanisms that relate these 2 pathologies are unknown. Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed as the final causative molecule of migraine. Increased NO metabolites concentrations have been reported in migraineurs subjects during acute migraine attacks, but there is no evidence indicating alterations in endothelial NO release during the symptom free period in theses subjects. DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty migraineurs subjects and 25 healthy subjects matched by gender and age were included. Every subject underwent a complete examination that included medical history, physical examination, resting electrocardiogram, forearm flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), blood determinations of fasting nitrates and nitrites (NO(2) (-)+ NO(3) (-)), glucose, lipid profile, creatinine, C-reactive protein, and blood cell count. RESULTS No differences in FMD or NO(2) (-)+ NO(3) (-) were detected among groups. The only difference between migraineurs and control subjects was a higher mean blood pressure 92.1 (8.8) mmHg versus 86.7 (8.2) mmHg P= .01. CONCLUSION The endothelial function is not altered during the interictal period in migraineurs subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico A Silva
- Instituto de Investigaciones, Grupo de Ciencias Neurovasculares, Grupo de Investigación en Sistema Nervioso Autónomo, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
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Rueda-Clausen CF, Silva FA, López-Jaramillo P. Epidemic of overweight and obesity in Latin America and the Caribbean. Int J Cardiol 2007; 125:111-2. [PMID: 17433476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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López-Jaramillo P, Rueda-Clausen CF, Silva FA. The utility of different definitions of metabolic syndrome in Andean population. Int J Cardiol 2007; 116:421-2. [PMID: 16893577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Accepted: 03/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Rueda-Clausen CF, Silva FA, Lindarte MA, Villa-Roel C, Gomez E, Gutierrez R, Cure-Cure C, López-Jaramillo P. Olive, soybean and palm oils intake have a similar acute detrimental effect over the endothelial function in healthy young subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007; 17:50-57. [PMID: 17174226 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Currently, more than 30% of the caloric intake in the Colombian population comes from vegetable oil consumption mainly by the ingestion of deep-fried foods. Recently, it has been reported that unsaturated fatty acid rich oils have a beneficial effect on the endothelial function. Nevertheless, it is well know that the deep-frying process alters the chemical composition of vegetable oils and can produce adverse effects in the endothelial function. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the acute effect of the ingestion of large amounts of olive, soybean and palm oils, fresh and at two different deep-fry levels, on the glucose and lipid profiles and the endothelial function. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten healthy young volunteers were included in the study. After performing a baseline evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors and drawing a fasting blood sample, subjects were exposed to a randomly assigned potato soup meal containing 60 mL of one of three different vegetable oils (olive, soybean and palm), either fresh or at one of two different deep-fry levels (10 and 20 fries, respectively). Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) was performed in fasting conditions and 3h after the intake of the oil rich meal. Furthermore, blood samples were taken at these stages for the lipid profiles and plasma glucose determinations. All the meals resulted in a similar acute endothelial impairment (FMD decrease of 32.1%, confidence interval [CI] 95%, 28.0-36.2) and postprandial increase in triglycerides (27.03%, CI 95%, 20.5-33.3), independently of the type of oil ingested (p=0.44) and regardless of its deep-fry level (p=0.62). No correlation was found between endothelial impairment and postprandial triglyceride increment (r=-0.22, p=0.09). CONCLUSIONS No difference was found in the acute adverse effect of the ingestion of different vegetable oils on the endothelial function. All the vegetable oils, fresh and deep-fried, produced an increase in the triglyceride plasma levels in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Rueda-Clausen
- Vilano Group and Research Institute, Cardiovascular Foundation of Colombia, Calle 155a #23-58, Third Floor, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
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López-Jaramillo P, Pradilla LP, Lahera V, Sieger FAS, Rueda-Clausen CF, Márquez GA. A randomized, double blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the effects of Candesartan on the insulin sensitivity on non diabetic, non hypertense subjects with dysglyce mia and abdominal obesity. "ARAMIA". Trials 2006; 7:28. [PMID: 16959033 PMCID: PMC1594582 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-7-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The raising prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus and obesity has been recognized as a major problem for public health, affecting both developed and developing countries. Impaired fasting plasma glucose has been previously associated with endothelial dysfunction, higher levels of inflammatory markers and increased risk of developing insulin resistance and cardiovascular events. Besides life-style changes, the blockade of the renin-angiotensin system has been proposed as a useful alternative intervention to improve insulin resistance and decrease the number of new type-2 diabetes cases. The aim of this clinical trial is to study the effect of the treatment with Candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on the insulin resistance, the plasma levels of adipoquines, oxidative stress and prothrombotic markers, in a group of non diabetic, non hypertensive, dysglycemic and obese subjects. Methods and design A randomized, double blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was designed to assess the effects of Candesartan (up to 32 mg/day during 6 months) on the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index, lipid profile, protrombotic state, oxidative stress and plasma levels of inflammatory markers. The participants will be recruited in the "Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia". Subjects who fullfil selection criteria will receive permanent educational, nutritional and exercise support during their participation in the study. After a 15 days-run-in period with placebo and life-style recommendations, the patients who have a treatment compliance equal or greater than 80% will be randomlly assigned to one of the treatment groups. Group A will receive Candesartan during 6 months and placebo during 6 months. Group B will receive placebo during the first 6 months, and then, Candesartan during the last 6 months. Control visits will be programed monthly and all parameters of interest will be evaluated every 6 months. Hypothesis Treatment with Candesartan, could improve the HOMA index, the response to the oral glucose tolerance test and reduce the plasma levels of adipoquines, oxidative stress and prothrombotic markers, in non diabetic, non hypertense subjects with dysglycemia and abdominal obesity, recruited from a population at high risk of developing insulin resistance. These effects are independent of the changes in arterial blood pressure. Trial registration: NCT00319202
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio López-Jaramillo
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Calle 155 A # 23-58, Third Floor, El Bosque sector E, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
- Research Direction, Medical School, University of Santander, Colombia
| | - Lina P Pradilla
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Calle 155 A # 23-58, Third Floor, El Bosque sector E, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
- Research Direction, Medical School, University of Santander, Colombia
| | - Vicente Lahera
- Physiology Department – School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Avenida de la Complutense S/N. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico A Silva Sieger
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Calle 155 A # 23-58, Third Floor, El Bosque sector E, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Christian F Rueda-Clausen
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Calle 155 A # 23-58, Third Floor, El Bosque sector E, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Gustavo A Márquez
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Calle 155 A # 23-58, Third Floor, El Bosque sector E, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
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Silva SY, Rueda LC, López M, Vélez ID, Rueda-Clausen CF, Smith DJ, Muñoz G, Mosquera H, Silva FA, Buitrago A, Díaz H, López-Jaramillo P. Double blind, randomized controlled trial, to evaluate the effectiveness of a controlled nitric oxide releasing patch versus meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis [NCT00317629]. Trials 2006; 7:14. [PMID: 16700912 PMCID: PMC1524981 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-7-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a worldwide disease, endemic in 88 countries, that has shown an increasing incidence over the last two decades. So far, pentavalent antimony compounds have been considered the treatment of choice, with a percentage of cure of about 85%. However, the high efficacy of these drugs is counteracted by their many disadvantages and adverse events. Previous studies have shown nitric oxide to be a potential alternative treatment when administered topically with no serious adverse events. However, due to the unstable nitric oxide release, the topical donors needed to be applied frequently, making the adherence to the treatment difficult. The electrospinning technique has allowed the production of a multilayer transdermal patch that produces a continuous and stable nitric oxide release. The main objective of this study is to evaluate this novel nitric oxide topical donor for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Methods and design A double-blind, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial, including 620 patients from endemic areas for Leishmaniasis in Colombia was designed to investigate whether this patch is as effective as meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis but with less adverse events. Subjects with ulcers characteristic of cutaneous leishmaniasis will be medically evaluated and laboratory tests and parasitological confirmation performed. After checking the inclusion/exclusion criteria, the patients will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. During 20 days Group 1 will receive simultaneously meglumine antimoniate and placebo of nitric oxide patches while Group 2 will receive placebo of meglumine antimoniate and active nitric oxide patches. During the treatment visits, the medications will be daily administered and the presence of adverse events assessed. During the follow-up, the research group will visit the patients at days 21, 45, 90 and 180. The healing process of the ulcer, the health of the participants, recidivisms and/or reinfection will also be assessed. The evolution of the ulcers will be photographically registered. In case that the effectiveness of the patches is demonstrated, a novel and safe therapeutic alternative for one of the most important public health problems in many countries will be available to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Y Silva
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Ligia C Rueda
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Marcos López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Iván D Vélez
- Program for the Study and Control of Tropical Diseases, PECET, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Christian F Rueda-Clausen
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Gerardo Muñoz
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Hernando Mosquera
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | - Federico A Silva
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Adriana Buitrago
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | | | - Patricio López-Jaramillo
- VILANO Group. Research Institute, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia (FCV), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
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Silva FA, Rueda-Clausen CF, Ramírez F. [Extrapontine osmotic myelinolysis]. Biomedica 2005; 25:167-9. [PMID: 16022370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Extrapontine osmotic myelinolysis is a rare nervous system complication. Symptoms of this malady were presented during the clinical examination of a 49-year-old alcoholic male, who arrived at the hospital emergency room in a state of cardiorespiratory arrest. After resuscitation methods were applied, the patient was found in metabolic acidosis (pH 7.014) and was treated with sodium bicarbonate. Forty-eight hours later, sodium levels in the patient had risen from 142 to 174 mEq/l. During the period of clinical observation, the patient showed signs of cognitive impairment, disartria, bilateral amaurosis, hyporeflexia and right-half body hemiparesias. After 72 hours, computer tomography was applied; this showed a bilateral lenticular hypodensity with internal and external capsule compromise. One month later, when the patient was referred to another institution for rehabilitation, the patient showed cognitive impairment, bilateral optic atrophy, residual disartria, bradikynesia and double hemiparesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico A Silva
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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