1
|
McDonough K, Battagliarin G, Menzies J, Bozich J, Bergheim M, Hidding B, Kastner C, Koyuncu B, Kreutzer G, Leijs H, Parulekar Y, Raghuram M, Vallotton N. Multi-laboratory evaluation of the reproducibility of polymer biodegradation assessments applying standardized and modified respirometry methods. Sci Total Environ 2023; 901:166339. [PMID: 37597548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
This research evaluated the intra- and interlaboratory variability when applying OECD 301F and OECD 301B Ready Biodegradation respirometric test methods to quantify polymer biodegradation as well as the impact of method modifications including test duration, inoculum level and test substance concentration on results. This assessment synthesizes results of mineralization studies on 5 polymers of varying structural components, molecular weight, charge, and solubility, evaluated at 8 different laboratories in 4 different countries, providing significant geographic variation in inoculum source as well as lab to lab variations in test setup. Across all laboratories, intralaboratory variability was low (≤18 % absolute difference) indicating the reproducibility of results between replicates and uniformity of test setup in each laboratory. Interlaboratory variation was also low for all 5 polymers with extent of mineralization being comparable in all OECD 301F and 301B studies even when test methods were modified. Across all studies mean mineralization was 89 ± 5.5 % for polyethylene glycol 35,000, 85 ± 7.4 % for polyvinyl alcohol 18-88, 44 ± 13 % for carboxymethyl cellulose (DS 0.6), 48 ± 4.1 % for a modified guar gum, and 88 ± 6.2 % for microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) at study completion. Due to the lack of polymeric reference materials, MCC was evaluated and found to be a suitable reference material for polymers that biodegrade rapidly in screening studies. An additional respirometric study was conducted quantifying mineralization of the 5 polymers in river water to evaluate the relationship with OECD 301 results using activated sludge as the inoculum. A similar extent of mineralization was observed for all 5 polymers in the OECD 301 and river water studies but time to reach the maximum extent of mineralization was longer using river water as the inoculum source likely due to the lower microbial counts (106 CFU/L) in the test system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen McDonough
- Procter and Gamble Company, 8700 S. Mason Montgomery Rd., Mason, OH 45040, USA.
| | | | - Jennifer Menzies
- Procter and Gamble Company, 8700 S. Mason Montgomery Rd., Mason, OH 45040, USA
| | - Jared Bozich
- IFF, 650 State Highway 36, Hazlet, NJ 07730, USA
| | | | - Bjorn Hidding
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Bahar Koyuncu
- AISE, Boulevard du Souverain 165, Brussels 1160, Belgium
| | - Georg Kreutzer
- Givaudan International SA, 5, chemin de la Parfumerie, 1214 Vernier, Switzerland
| | - Hans Leijs
- IFF, 650 State Highway 36, Hazlet, NJ 07730, USA
| | - Yash Parulekar
- Kuraray, 707 E 80th Place, Suite 301, Merrillville, Indiana 46410, USA
| | - Meera Raghuram
- Lubrizol Advanced Materials Inc., 9911 Brecksville Rd, Cleveland, OH 44141, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kastner C, Reibetanz J. [57/f-Asymptomatic cysts in the pancreas : Preparation for the medical specialist examination: part 8]. Chirurgie (Heidelb) 2022; 93:35-38. [PMID: 36066593 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-022-01716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Kastner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Zentrum Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, Haus A2, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - J Reibetanz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Zentrum Operative Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, Haus A2, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Orecchia L, Nardi A, Fletcher P, Ippoliti S, Grounds J, Dokubo I, Spicchiale CF, Miah S, Miano R, Barrett T, Kastner C. Development of roscap, a multivariate risk score for clinically significant cancer of the prostate focused on of patients with negative or equivocal MRI. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)01134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
4
|
Oxley C, Thankappannair V, Saeb-Parsy K, Lamb B, Shah N, Kastner C, Geoghegan L, Fox H, Gnanapragasam V. 281 Impact of Using Risk Communication Tools in Counselling Patients with Newly Diagnosed Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
There have been substantial advances in risk communication tools that help patients understand prognosis associated with prostate cancer and the benefit/gain from treatment. Over the last three years, two tools; Cambridge Prognostic Groups (CPG), and Predict Prostate (https://prostate.predict.nhs.uk), along with decision-making consultations with clinical nurse specialists (CNS) have been integrated into the new diagnosis pathway in our unit.
Method
Treatment decisions for patients with new non-metastatic prostate cancer were audited after (2019–2020) and before (2016–2017) new risk communication tools were implemented. Data were compared between the two time periods and also benchmarked against national level data from the National Prostate Cancer Audit (NPCA) (Parry et al 2020; PMID: 32460859). The main outcome measured was comparison of rates of over and under-treatment of disease.
Results
168 and 95 patients were included in the 2019–2020 and 2016–2017 cohorts, respectively. Following implementation there was a reduction in over-treatment (use of radical surgery/radiotherapy) in patients with low risk/CPG1 (23% to 4%). These rates were also better than the national average from NPCA data (4% vs 11%). In parallel, there was an increase in use of radical treatment (reduced under-treatment) in high risk and very high-risk/CPG4-5 disease (84% vs 73%). Again, these rates were also superior to national level data from the NPCA (84% vs 76%).
Conclusions
Incorporating personalised risk-communication tools and dedicated CNS counselling in our unit has reduced over-treatment of early disease and under-treatment of advanced disease. Wider uptake could enhance risk-appropriate treatment of patients with a new prostate cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Oxley
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V. Thankappannair
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K. Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B. Lamb
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N. Shah
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C. Kastner
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L. Geoghegan
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - H. Fox
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V. Gnanapragasam
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fletcher P, De Santis M, Taylor N, Chinnery L, Barrett T, Kastner C. Vector prostate biopsy: A novel electro-magnetic biopsy technique for mpMRI/US fusion transperineal prostate biopsies under local anaesthesia. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)01292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Kastner C, Fletcher P, De Santis M, Chinnery L, Skalkidis I, Sakas G. Vecto® prostate biopsy: A novel electro-magnetic (EM) biopsy technique for mpMRI/US fusion prostate biopsies under local anaesthesia. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(21)02731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
7
|
Kastner C, Taylor N, Barrett T, Chinnery L, Fletcher P. A new horizon-electromagnetic (EM) needle tip tracking to support mpMRI/US fusion transperineal prostate biopsies under local anaesthetia. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
8
|
Kastner C, Petritsch B, Kim M, Germer CT, Wiegering A. [Selection criteria for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy of rectal cancer : Neoadjuvant therapy even for locally advanced colon cancer?]. Chirurg 2020; 91:405-412. [PMID: 31915871 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-019-01088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the last two decades a neoadjuvant treatment concept has been established for an increasing number of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract; however, these concepts are still subject to a constant change concerning the indications and type of treatment. A prime example for this is rectal cancer. The rate of local recurrence in particular was significantly reduced by neoadjuvant therapy but until now it has not been possible to validly show an improvement in overall or disease-free survival. At the beginning of the millennium it was recommended to treat every rectal carcinoma in UICC stages II and III with neoadjuvant therapy, independent of the height localization. In the meantime this has increasingly been relativized and only locally advanced tumors of the middle and lower thirds of the rectum should be pretreated, whereas tumors of the upper third of the rectum should basically be treated in the same way as colon cancer. It is to be expected that there will be further differentiation concerning the indications in this context in the future mainly based on a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. At the same time, initial studies for colon cancer show that neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be beneficial and that an optimized computed tomography (CT) scan can be a worthwhile tool with respect to pretherapeutic stratification of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Kastner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland.,Institut für Biochemie und molekulare Biologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - B Petritsch
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - M Kim
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - C-T Germer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - A Wiegering
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Transplantations‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland. .,Institut für Biochemie und molekulare Biologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Diers J, Wagner J, Baum P, Lichthardt S, Kastner C, Matthes N, Matthes H, Germer CT, Löb S, Wiegering A. Nationwide in-hospital mortality rate following rectal resection for rectal cancer according to annual hospital volume in Germany. BJS Open 2020; 4:310-319. [PMID: 32207577 PMCID: PMC7093786 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of hospital volume after rectal cancer surgery is seldom investigated. This study aimed to analyse the impact of annual rectal cancer surgery cases per hospital on postoperative mortality and failure to rescue. Methods All patients diagnosed with rectal cancer and who had a rectal resection procedure code from 2012 to 2015 were identified from nationwide administrative hospital data. Hospitals were grouped into five quintiles according to caseload. The absolute number of patients, postoperative deaths and failure to rescue (defined as in‐hospital mortality after a documented postoperative complication) for severe postoperative complications were determined. Results Some 64 349 patients were identified. The overall in‐house mortality rate was 3·9 per cent. The crude in‐hospital mortality rate ranged from 5·3 per cent in very low‐volume hospitals to 2·6 per cent in very high‐volume centres, with a distinct trend between volume categories (P < 0·001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis using hospital volume as random effect, very high‐volume hospitals (53 interventions/year) had a risk‐adjusted odds ratio of 0·58 (95 per cent c.i. 0·47 to 0·73), compared with the baseline in‐house mortality rate in very low‐volume hospitals (6 interventions per year) (P < 0·001). The overall postoperative complication rate was comparable between different volume quintiles, but failure to rescue decreased significantly with increasing caseload (15·6 per cent after pulmonary embolism in the highest volume quintile versus 38 per cent in the lowest quintile; P = 0·010). Conclusion Patients who had rectal cancer surgery in high‐volume hospitals showed better outcomes and reduced failure to rescue rates for severe complications than those treated in low‐volume hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Diers
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Wagner
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - P Baum
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Lichthardt
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Kastner
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - N Matthes
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Matthes
- Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Berlin, Germany
| | - C-T Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, University of Würzburg Medical Centre, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Löb
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Wiegering
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, University of Würzburg Medical Centre, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Otto C, Schmidt S, Kastner C, Denk S, Kettler J, Müller N, Germer CT, Wolf E, Gallant P, Wiegering A. Targeting bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibits MYC expression in colorectal cancer cells. Neoplasia 2019; 21:1110-1120. [PMID: 31734632 PMCID: PMC6888720 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator BRD4 has been shown to be important for the expression of several oncogenes including MYC. Inhibiting of BRD4 has broad antiproliferative activity in different cancer cell types. The small molecule JQ1 blocks the interaction of BRD4 with acetylated histones leading to transcriptional modulation. Depleting BRD4 via engineered bifunctional small molecules named PROTACs (proteolysis targeting chimeras) represents the next-generation approach to JQ1-mediated BRD4 inhibition. PROTACs trigger BRD4 for proteasomale degradation by recruiting E3 ligases. The aim of this study was therefore to validate the importance of BRD4 as a relevant target in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and to compare the efficacy of BRD4 inhibition with BRD4 degradation on downregulating MYC expression. JQ1 induced a downregulation of both MYC mRNA and MYC protein associated with an antiproliferative phenotype in CRC cells. dBET1 and MZ1 induced degradation of BRD4 followed by a reduction in MYC expression and CRC cell proliferation. In SW480 cells, where dBET1 failed, we found significantly lower levels of the E3 ligase cereblon, which is essential for dBET1-induced BRD4 degradation. To gain mechanistic insight into the unresponsiveness to dBET1, we generated dBET1-resistant LS174t cells and found a strong downregulation of cereblon protein. These findings suggest that inhibition of BRD4 by JQ1 and degradation of BRD4 by dBET1 and MZ1 are powerful tools for reducing MYC expression and CRC cell proliferation. In addition, downregulation of cereblon may be an important mechanism for developing dBET1 resistance, which can be evaded by incubating dBET1-resistant cells with JQ1 or MZ1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Otto
- Experimental Visceral Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Schmidt
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C Kastner
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Denk
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Kettler
- Experimental Visceral Surgery, Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - N Müller
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C T Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; University of Würzburg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - E Wolf
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - P Gallant
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Wiegering
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany; Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany; University of Würzburg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Köhler F, Rosenfeldt M, Matthes N, Kastner C, Germer CT, Wiegering A. [Incidental finding of mucinous neoplasia of the appendix : Treatment strategies]. Chirurg 2019; 90:194-201. [PMID: 30456645 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-018-0768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumors of the appendix are not a uniform group but differ significantly in terms of their origin/histology and metastatic behavior. Furthermore, tumors of the appendix are often diagnosed as incidental findings after appendectomy for acute appendicitis. A subgroup of these neoplasms are low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN). These are mucus-forming tumors of the appendiceal lumen, which can lead to rupture of the appendix and seeding into the abdominal cavity. Therefore LAMN are considered precursors of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). It is essential to clearly differentiate the subgroups of LAMN as well as the resection status. According to this it is determined whether (radical) appendectomy is a sufficient therapy or further treatment, such as ileocecal resection with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) or cytoreductive surgery (CRS) is necessary. There is no standardized concept regarding the follow-up after resection of LAMN. Generally, it is recommended to perform a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and determination of tumor markers 6 months postoperatively and then once a year. A recommendation regarding the duration of follow-up is difficult as there are case reports in which PMP has occurred more than 15 years after removal of LAMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Köhler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - M Rosenfeldt
- Pathologisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - N Matthes
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - C Kastner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - C-T Germer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - A Wiegering
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral‑, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland. .,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland. .,Lehrstuhl für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Diers J, Wagner J, Baum P, Lichthardt S, Kastner C, Matthes N, Löb S, Matthes H, Germer CT, Wiegering A. Nationwide in-hospital mortality following colonic cancer resection according to hospital volume in Germany. BJS Open 2019; 3:672-677. [PMID: 31592096 PMCID: PMC6773649 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colonic cancer is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine mortality rates following colonic cancer resection and the effect of hospital caseload on in‐hospital mortality in Germany. Methods Patients admitted with a diagnosis of colonic cancer undergoing colonic resection from 2012 to 2015 were identified from a nationwide registry using procedure codes. The outcome measure was in‐hospital mortality. Hospitals were ranked according to their caseload for colonic cancer resection, and patients were categorized into five subgroups on the basis of hospital volume. Results Some 129 196 colonic cancer resections were reviewed. The overall in‐house mortality rate was 5·8 per cent, ranging from 6·9 per cent (1775 of 25 657 patients) in very low‐volume hospitals to 4·8 per cent (1239 of 25 825) in very high‐volume centres (P < 0·001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis the risk‐adjusted odds ratio for in‐house mortality was 0·75 (95 per cent c.i. 0·66 to 0·84) in very high‐volume hospitals performing a mean of 85·0 interventions per year, compared with that in very low‐volume hospitals performing a mean of only 12·7 interventions annually, after adjustment for sex, age, co‐morbidity, emergency procedures, prolonged mechanical ventilation and transfusion. Conclusion In Germany, patients undergoing colonic cancer resections in high‐volume hospitals had with improved outcomes compared with patients treated in low‐volume hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Diers
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery University Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken University of Würzburg Medical Centre Würzburg Germany
| | - J Wagner
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery University Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - P Baum
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery University Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - S Lichthardt
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery University Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - C Kastner
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery University Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - N Matthes
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery University Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany.,Havelhöhe Community Hospital Berlin Germany
| | - S Löb
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery University Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - H Matthes
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken University of Würzburg Medical Centre Würzburg Germany
| | - C-T Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery University Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - A Wiegering
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery University Hospital, University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany.,Havelhöhe Community Hospital Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jurowich C, Lichthardt S, Matthes N, Kastner C, Haubitz I, Prock A, Filser J, Germer CT, Wiegering A. Effects of anastomotic technique on early postoperative outcome in open right-sided hemicolectomy. BJS Open 2018; 3:203-209. [PMID: 30957068 PMCID: PMC6433329 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite recent improvements in colonic cancer surgery, the rate of anastomotic leakage after right hemicolectomy is still around 6–7 per cent. This study examined whether anastomotic technique (handsewn or stapled) after open right hemicolectomy for right‐sided colonic cancer influences postoperative complications. Methods Patient data from the German Society for General and Visceral Surgery (StuDoQ) registry from 2010 to 2017 were analysed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. The primary endpoint was anastomotic leakage; secondary endpoints were postoperative ileus, complications and length of postoperative hospital stay (LOS). Results A total of 4062 patients who had undergone open right hemicolectomy for colonic cancer were analysed. All patients had an ileocolic anastomosis, 2742 handsewn and 1320 stapled. Baseline characteristics were similar. No significant differences were identified in anastomotic leakage, postoperative ileus, reoperation rate, surgical‐site infection, LOS or death. The stapled group had a significantly shorter duration of surgery and fewer Clavien–Dindo grade I–II complications. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, ASA grade and BMI were found to be significantly associated with postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage, postoperative ileus and reoperation rate. Conclusion Handsewn and stapled ileocolic anastomoses for open right‐sided colonic cancer resections are equally safe. Stapler use was associated with reduced duration of surgery and significantly fewer minor complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Jurowich
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Kreiskliniken Altötting/Burghausen Altötting Germany.,Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - S Lichthardt
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - N Matthes
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - C Kastner
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - I Haubitz
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - A Prock
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Kreiskliniken Altötting/Burghausen Altötting Germany
| | - J Filser
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Kreiskliniken Altötting/Burghausen Altötting Germany
| | - C-T Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken University of Würzburg Medical Centre Würzburg Germany
| | - A Wiegering
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken University of Würzburg Medical Centre Würzburg Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hansen NL, Koo BC, Warren AY, Kastner C, Barrett T. Sub-differentiating equivocal PI-RADS-3 lesions in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate to improve cancer detection. Eur J Radiol 2017; 95:307-313. [PMID: 28987685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate sub-differentiation of PI-RADS-3 prostate lesions using pre-defined T2- and diffusion-weighted (DWI) MRI criteria, to aid the biopsy decision process. METHODS 143 patients with PIRADS-3 index lesions on MRI underwent targeted transperineal-MR/US fusion biopsy. Radiologists with 2 and 7-years experience performed blinded retrospective second-reads using set criteria and assigned biopsy recommendations. Inter-reader agreement, Gleason score (GS), positive (PPV) predictive values (±95% confidence intervals) were calculated and compared by Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni-Hom correction. RESULTS 43% (61/143) patients had GS 6-10 and 21% (30/143) GS≥3+4 cancer. For peripheral zone lesions, significant differences in any cancer detection were found for shape (0.26±0.13 geographical vs. 0.69±0.23 rounded; p=0.0055) and ADC (mild 0.21±0.12 vs marked 0.81±0.19; p=0.0001). For transition zone, significantly increased cancer detection was shown for location (anterior 0.63±0.15 vs. mid/posterior 0.31±0.14; p=0.0048), border (pseudo-capsule 0.32±0.14 vs. ill-defined 0.61±0.15; p=0.0092), and ADC (mild 0.35±0.12 vs marked restriction 0.68±0.17; p=0.0057). Biopsy recommendations had 62% inter-reader agreement (89/143). Experienced reader PPVs were significantly higher for any cancer with "biopsy-recommended" 0.61±0.11 vs. "no biopsy" 0.21±0.10 (p=0.0001), and for GS 7-10 cancers: 0.32±0.10 vs. 0.08±0.07, respectively (p=0.0003). CONCLUSION Identification of certain objective imaging criteria as well as a subjective biopsy recommendation from an experienced radiologist can help to increase the predictive value of equivocal prostate lesions and inform the decision making process of whether or not to biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N L Hansen
- CamPARI Clinic, Addenbrooke's Hospital & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, DE, Germany
| | - B C Koo
- CamPARI Clinic, Addenbrooke's Hospital & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Y Warren
- CamPARI Clinic, Addenbrooke's Hospital & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Kastner
- CamPARI Clinic, Addenbrooke's Hospital & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Urology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Barrett
- CamPARI Clinic, Addenbrooke's Hospital & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hansen N, Koo B, Warren A, Kastner C, Barrett T. Subdifferenzierung von intermediären Läsionen (PI-RADS 3) in der multiparametrischen Prostata-MRT. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Hansen
- Uniklinik Köln, Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Köln
| | - B Koo
- Addenbrooke's University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Warren
- Addenbrooke's University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Kastner
- Addenbrooke's University Hospital, Department of Urology, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Barrett
- Addenbrooke's University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gnanapragasam VJ, Burling K, George A, Stearn S, Warren A, Barrett T, Koo B, Gallagher FA, Doble A, Kastner C, Parker RA. The Prostate Health Index adds predictive value to multi-parametric MRI in detecting significant prostate cancers in a repeat biopsy population. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35364. [PMID: 27748407 PMCID: PMC5066204 DOI: 10.1038/srep35364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) and the Prostate Health Index (PHI) have shown promise in predicting a positive biopsy in men with suspected prostate cancer. Here we investigated the value of combining both tests in men requiring a repeat biopsy. PHI scores were measured in men undergoing re-biopsy with an mpMRI image-guided transperineal approach (n = 279, 94 with negative mpMRIs). The PHI was assessed for ability to add value to mpMRI in predicting all or only significant cancers (Gleason ≥7). In this study adding PHI to mpMRI improved overall and significant cancer prediction (AUC 0.71 and 0.75) compared to mpMRI + PSA alone (AUC 0.64 and 0.69 respectively). At a threshold of ≥35, PHI + mpMRI demonstrated a NPV of 0.97 for excluding significant tumours. In mpMRI negative men, the PHI again improved prediction of significant cancers; AUC 0.76 vs 0.63 (mpMRI + PSA). Using a PHI≥35, only 1/21 significant cancers was missed and 31/73 (42%) men potentially spared a re-biopsy (NPV of 0.97, sensitivity 0.95). Decision curve analysis demonstrated clinically relevant utility of the PHI across threshold probabilities of 5-30%. In summary, the PHI adds predictive performance to image-guided detection of clinically significant cancers and has particular value in determining re-biopsy need in men with a negative mpMRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. J. Gnanapragasam
- Academic Urology Group, University of Cambridge, Box 279 (S4) Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- CamPARI Clinic, Box 41, Clinic 4A, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - K. Burling
- Core Biochemical Assay Laboratory, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - A. George
- Academic Urology Group, University of Cambridge, Box 279 (S4) Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - S. Stearn
- Academic Urology Group, University of Cambridge, Box 279 (S4) Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - A. Warren
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust,Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - T. Barrett
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
- Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - B. Koo
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - F. A. Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
- Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - A. Doble
- CamPARI Clinic, Box 41, Clinic 4A, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - C. Kastner
- CamPARI Clinic, Box 41, Clinic 4A, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - R. A. Parker
- Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh EH89AG UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scheltema MJ, Tay KJ, Postema AW, de Bruin DM, Feller J, Futterer JJ, George AK, Gupta RT, Kahmann F, Kastner C, Laguna MP, Natarajan S, Rais-Bahrami S, Rastinehad AR, de Reijke TM, Salomon G, Stone N, van Velthoven R, Villani R, Villers A, Walz J, Polascik TJ, de la Rosette JJMCH. Utilization of multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging in clinical practice and focal therapy: report from a Delphi consensus project. World J Urol 2016; 35:695-701. [PMID: 27637908 PMCID: PMC5397427 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-016-1932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To codify the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for the interrogation of prostate neoplasia (PCa) in clinical practice and focal therapy (FT). Methods An international collaborative consensus project was undertaken using the Delphi method among experts in the field of PCa. An online questionnaire was presented in three consecutive rounds and modified each round based on the comments provided by the experts. Subsequently, a face-to-face meeting was held to discuss and finalize the consensus results. Results mpMRI should be performed in patients with prior negative biopsies if clinical suspicion remains, but not instead of the PSA test, nor as a stand-alone diagnostic tool or mpMRI-targeted biopsies only. It is not recommended to use a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner without an endorectal or pelvic phased-array coil. mpMRI should be performed following standard biopsy-based PCa diagnosis in both the planning and follow-up of FT. If a lesion is seen, MRI-TRUS fusion biopsies should be performed for FT planning. Systematic biopsies are still required for FT planning in biopsy-naïve patients and for patients with residual PCa after FT. Standard repeat biopsies should be taken during the follow-up of FT. The final decision to perform FT should be based on histopathology. However, these consensus statements may differ for expert centers versus non-expert centers. Conclusions The mpMRI is an important tool for characterizing and targeting PCa in clinical practice and FT. Standardization of acquisition and reading should be the main priority to guarantee consistent mpMRI quality throughout the urological community. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00345-016-1932-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Scheltema
- Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - K J Tay
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A W Postema
- Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D M de Bruin
- Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Feller
- Desert Medical Imaging, Indian Wells, CA, USA
| | - J J Futterer
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A K George
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R T Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - F Kahmann
- Urologische Praxis Dr. Henkel and Dr. Kahmann, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kastner
- CamPARI Prostate Cancer Clinic, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - M P Laguna
- Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Natarajan
- Department of Urology, Surgery and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Rais-Bahrami
- Department of Urology and Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A R Rastinehad
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - T M de Reijke
- Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Salomon
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Stone
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R van Velthoven
- Department of Urology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Villani
- Department of Radiology, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, NY, USA
| | - A Villers
- Department of Urology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - J Walz
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes Cancer Centre, Marseille, France
| | - T J Polascik
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hansen N, Barrett T, Koo B, Gallagher F, Gnanapragasam V, Doble A, Bratt O, Kastner C. Die Auswirkung der Dichte von Prostata-spezifischem Antigen auf den positiven prädiktiven Wert der intermediären multiparameterischen Prostata-MRT (PIRADS 3). ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1581869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Hansen N, Barrett T, Koo B, Gallagher F, Gnanapragasam V, Doble A, Bratt O, Kastner C. Die Auswirkung der Dichte von Prostata-spezifischem Antigen auf den negativen prädiktiven Wert der multiparameterischen Prostata-MRT. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1581866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
20
|
Postema AW, De Reijke TM, Ukimura O, Van den Bos W, Azzouzi AR, Barret E, Baumunk D, Blana A, Bossi A, Brausi M, Coleman JA, Crouzet S, Dominguez-Escrig J, Eggener S, Ganzer R, Ghai S, Gill IS, Gupta RT, Henkel TO, Hohenfellner M, Jones JS, Kahmann F, Kastner C, Köhrmann KU, Kovacs G, Miano R, van Moorselaar RJ, Mottet N, Osorio L, Pieters BR, Polascik TJ, Rastinehad AR, Salomon G, Sanchez-Salas R, Schostak M, Sentker L, Tay KJ, Varkarakis IM, Villers A, Walz J, De la Rosette JJ. Standardization of definitions in focal therapy of prostate cancer: report from a Delphi consensus project. World J Urol 2016; 34:1373-82. [PMID: 26892160 PMCID: PMC5026990 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-016-1782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To reach standardized terminology in focal therapy (FT) for prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS A four-stage modified Delphi consensus project was undertaken among a panel of international experts in the field of FT for PCa. Data on terminology in FT was collected from the panel by three rounds of online questionnaires. During a face-to-face meeting on June 21, 2015, attended by 38 experts, all data from the online rounds were reviewed and recommendations for definitions were formulated. RESULTS Consensus was attained on 23 of 27 topics; Targeted FT was defined as a lesion-based treatment strategy, treating all identified significant cancer foci; FT was generically defined as an anatomy-based (zonal) treatment strategy. Treatment failure due to the ablative energy inadequately destroying treated tissue is defined as ablation failure. In targeting failure the energy is not adequately applied to the tumor spatially and selection failure occurs when a patient was wrongfully selected for FT. No definition of biochemical recurrence can be recommended based on the current data. Important definitions for outcome measures are potency (minimum IIEF-5 score of 21), incontinence (new need for pads or leakage) and deterioration in urinary function (increase in IPSS >5 points). No agreement on the best quality of life tool was established, but UCLA-EPIC and EORTC-QLQ-30 were most commonly supported by the experts. A complete overview of statements is presented in the text. CONCLUSION Focal therapy is an emerging field of PCa therapeutics. Standardization of definitions helps to create comparable research results and facilitate clear communication in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A W Postema
- Departments of Urology, AMC University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - T M De Reijke
- Departments of Urology, AMC University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Ukimura
- USC Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - W Van den Bos
- Departments of Urology, AMC University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A R Azzouzi
- Department of Urology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - E Barret
- Department of Urology, Institut Montsouris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - D Baumunk
- Department of Urology, Magdeburg University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Blana
- Department of Urology, Fuerth Hospital, Fuerth, Germany
| | - A Bossi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - M Brausi
- Department of Urology, Ospedale Civile Ramazzini, Carpi, Italy
| | - J A Coleman
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Crouzet
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - J Dominguez-Escrig
- Department of Urology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - S Eggener
- Department of Urology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Ganzer
- Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Ghai
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - I S Gill
- USC Institute of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R T Gupta
- Departments of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - T O Henkel
- Urologische Praxis Dr. Henkel & Dr. Kahmann, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Hohenfellner
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J S Jones
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - F Kahmann
- Urologische Praxis Dr. Henkel & Dr. Kahmann, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kastner
- CamPARI Prostate Cancer Clinic, Cancer Directorate, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - K U Köhrmann
- Department of Urology, Theresien Krankenhaus Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - G Kovacs
- Interdisciplinary Brachytherapy Unit, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - R Miano
- Division of Urology, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R J van Moorselaar
- Department of Urology, Free University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Mottet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital St Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - L Osorio
- Department of Urology, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - B R Pieters
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, AMC University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T J Polascik
- Departments of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A R Rastinehad
- Department of Urology, Hofstra North Shore-Lij, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - G Salomon
- Martini-Clinic Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Sanchez-Salas
- Department of Urology, Institut Montsouris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - M Schostak
- Department of Urology, Magdeburg University Medical Center, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - L Sentker
- Urologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Sinsheim, Germany
| | - K J Tay
- Departments of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - I M Varkarakis
- 2nd Department of Urology, Athens Medical University, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Villers
- Department of Urology, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - J Walz
- Department of Urology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - J J De la Rosette
- Departments of Urology, AMC University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Voss K, Falke K, Bernsdorf A, Grabow N, Kastner C, Sternberg K, Minrath I, Eickner T, Wree A, Schmitz KP, Guthoff R, Witt M, Hovakimyan M. Development of a novel injectable drug delivery system for subconjunctival glaucoma treatment. J Control Release 2015; 214:1-11. [PMID: 26160303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study we present the development of an injectable polymeric drug delivery system for subconjunctival treatment of primary open angle glaucoma. The system consists of hyaluronic acid sodium salt (HA), which is commonly used in ophthalmology in anterior segment surgery, and an isocyanate-functionalized 1,2-ethylene glycol bis(dilactic acid) (ELA-NCO). The polymer mixtures with different ratios of HA to ELA-NCO (1/1, 1/4, and 1/10 (v/v)) were investigated for biocompatibility, degradation behavior and applicability as a sustained release system. For the latter, the lipophilic latanoprost ester pro-drug (LA) was incorporated into the HA/ELA-NCO system. In vitro, a sustained LA release over a period of about 60days was achieved. In cell culture experiments, the HA/ELA-NCO (1/1, (v/v)) system was proven to be biocompatible for human and rabbit Tenon's fibroblasts. Examination of in vitro degradation behavior revealed a total mass loss of more than 60% during the observation period of 26weeks. In vivo, LA was continuously released for 152days into rabbit aqueous humor and serum. Histological investigations revealed a marked leuko-lymphocytic infiltration soon after subconjunctival injection. Thereafter, the initial tissue reaction declined concomitantly with a continuous degradation of the polymer, which was completed after 10months. Our study demonstrates the suitability of the polymer resulting from the reaction of HA with ELA-NCO as an injectable local drug delivery system for glaucoma therapy, combining biocompatibility and biodegradability with prolonged drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Voss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friederich-Barnewitz-Strasse 4, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Karen Falke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Strasse 140, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Arne Bernsdorf
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friederich-Barnewitz-Strasse 4, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Niels Grabow
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friederich-Barnewitz-Strasse 4, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Christian Kastner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friederich-Barnewitz-Strasse 4, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Katrin Sternberg
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friederich-Barnewitz-Strasse 4, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ingo Minrath
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friederich-Barnewitz-Strasse 4, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Thomas Eickner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friederich-Barnewitz-Strasse 4, D-18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9a, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Peter Schmitz
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friederich-Barnewitz-Strasse 4, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Guthoff
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friederich-Barnewitz-Strasse 4, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Martin Witt
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9a, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Marina Hovakimyan
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Friederich-Barnewitz-Strasse 4, D-18119 Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Reitemeier B, Hänsel K, Kastner C, Weber A, Walter MH. A prospective 10-year study of metal ceramic single crowns and fixed dental prosthesis retainers in private practice settings. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 109:149-55. [PMID: 23522363 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(13)60034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Metal ceramic restorations are widely used in prosthodontics, but long-term data on their clinical performance in private practice settings based on prospective trials are sparse. PURPOSE This clinical trial was designed to provide realistic long-term survival rates for different outcomes related to tooth loss, crown loss, and metal ceramic defect. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-five participants were provided with 190 noble metal ceramic single crowns and 138 participants with 276 fixed dental prosthesis retainer crowns on vital posterior teeth. Follow-up examinations were scheduled 2 weeks after insertion, annually up to 8 years, and after 10 years. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, Mantel-Cox logrank tests, and Cox regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Because of variations in the time of the last examinations, the maximum observation period was 12.1 years. For the primary outcome 'loss of crown or tooth', the Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 94.3% ±1.8% (standard error) at 8.0 years (last outcome event) for single crowns and 94.4% ±1.5% at 11.0 years for fixed dental prosthesis retainer crowns. The difference between the survival functions was not significant (P>.05). For the secondary outcome 'metal ceramic defect', the survival rate was 88.8% ±3.2% at 11.0 years for single crowns and 81.7% ±3.5% at 11.0 years for fixed dental prosthesis retainer crowns. In Cox regression models, the only significant covariates for the outcome event 'metal ceramic defect' were bruxism in the medical history (single crowns) and signs and symptoms of bruxism (fixed dental prosthesis retainer crowns) with hazard ratios of 3.065 (95% CI 1.063 - 8.832) and 2.554 (95% CI 1.307 - 4.992). CONCLUSIONS Metal ceramic crowns provided in private practice settings show good longevity. Bruxism appears to indicate a risk for metal ceramic defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Reitemeier
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Dresden Dental School, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kastner C, Löbler M, Guthoff R, Schmitz KP. In Vitro Rabbit Drug Cytotoxicity Model for Fibrosis Prevention in Glaucoma Surgery. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-O/bmt-2013-4376/bmt-2013-4376.xml. [PMID: 24043089 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
24
|
Kastner C, Löbler M, Sternberg K, Reske T, Stachs O, Guthoff R, Schmitz KP. Permeability of the Anterior Lens Capsule for Large Molecules and Small Drugs. Curr Eye Res 2013; 38:1057-63. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.803288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
25
|
Löbler M, Buß D, Kastner C, Mostertz J, Homuth G, Ernst M, Guthoff R, Wree A, Stahnke T, Fuellen G, Voelker U, Schmitz KP. Ocular fibroblast types differ in their mRNA profiles--implications for fibrosis prevention after aqueous shunt implantation. Mol Vis 2013; 19:1321-31. [PMID: 23805039 PMCID: PMC3692408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE For an aqueous shunt draining from the anterior chamber into the choroidal space, fibroblasts from the choroidea and/or the sclera are most likely responsible for a fibrotic response around the outflow region of such a shunt. The prevention of fibrosis should extend the operating life of the shunt. A detailed characterization of fibroblasts derived from choroidea and sclera should provide information about whether a fibrosis reaction can be inhibited by cell type-specific agents. METHODS We generated mRNA profiles of fibroblasts from the choroidea, sclera, and Tenon's space by gene array hybridization to provide a basis on which to search for potential pharmacological targets for fibrosis prevention. Hybridization data were analyzed by the Rosetta Resolver system and Limma to obtain mRNA profiles of the three fibroblast types. RESULTS The three fibroblast types investigated shared fibroblast-specific gene expression patterns concerning extracellular matrix proteins as collagens and fibronectin, but also showed distinct mRNA patterns. CONCLUSIONS Individual mRNA species overexpressed in one of the fibroblast types might serve as markers for the identification of the fibroblast type in histological analyses. Future in-depth analyses of the gene expression patterns might help identify pharmacological targets for fibrosis prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Löbler
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Rostock, Germany
| | - Diana Buß
- Universität Rostock, Universitätsaugenklinik Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Kastner
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biomedizinische Technik, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jörg Mostertz
- University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mathias Ernst
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rudolf Guthoff
- Universität Rostock, Universitätsaugenklinik Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Anatomie der Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Stahnke
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Anatomie der Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biostatistik und Informatik in Medizin und Alternsforschung, Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Voelker
- University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Röhrig J, Kastner C, Fischer R. Light inhibits spore germination through phytochrome in Aspergillus nidulans. Curr Genet 2013; 59:55-62. [PMID: 23385948 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-013-0387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus nidulans responds to light in several aspects. The balance between sexual and asexual development as well as the amount of secondary metabolites produced is controlled by light. Here, we show that germination is largely delayed by blue (450 nm), red (700 nm), and far-red light (740 nm). The largest effect was observed with far-red light. Whereas 60 % of the conidia produced a germ tube after 20 h in the dark, less than 5 % of the conidia germinated under far-red light conditions. Because swelling of conidia was not affected, light appears to act at the stage of germ-tube formation. In the absence of nutrients, far-red light even inhibited swelling of conidia, whereas in the dark, conidia did swell and germinated after prolonged incubation. The blue-light signaling components, LreA (WC-1) and LreB (WC-2), and also the cryptochrome/photolyase CryA were not required for germination inhibition. However, in the phytochrome mutant, ∆fphA, the germination delay was released, but germination was delayed in the dark in comparison to wild type. This suggests a novel function of phytochrome as far-red light sensor and as activator of polarized growth in the dark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Röhrig
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hertzstrasse 16, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schmidt W, Kastner C, Sternberg K, Allemann R, Löbler M, Guthoff R, Schmitz KP. New concepts for glaucoma implants--controlled aqueous humor drainage, encapsulation prevention and local drug delivery. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2013; 14:98-111. [PMID: 23092262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common cause of blindness in industrialized countries and is the most frequent cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Since raised intraocular pressure (IOP) has been implicated as the major risk factor, the main goal of all glaucoma treatment is to reduce IOP sufficiently to prevent continuous irreversible retinal ganglion cell damage and progression of visual field loss. Pharmacological reduction of IOP is first-line therapy, followed by laser treatment of the trabecular meshwork and filtering glaucoma surgery, and cyclophotocoagulation of the ciliary body or allogenic implants. The most important glaucoma implants are presented (MOLTENO, AHMED, BAERVELDT, KRUPIN) together with more recent developments (Ex-Press, Eyepass, iStent, Gold micro shunt). Drainage into the suprachoroidal space is a promising option, but is also limited by scarring of the new created outflow route due to proliferation and adhesion of fibroblasts. A deeper understanding of fibroblasts in the related eye compartments is required. Characterization of scleral, choroidal, and, as a reference, Tenon fibroblast subtypes, is possible based on gene expression patterns. Alongside mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil, newer drugs to prevent fibrosis have been proposed, offering effects that are more specific and more physiological. Effectors involved in wound healing phases and signaling pathways are potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Downregulation of growth factors like TGF-ß and their downstream effectors may suppress proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts, extracellular matrix deposition, wound contraction, and neovascularization. Furthermore, current approaches to local drug delivery in glaucoma implant technology are briefly summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Schmidt
- Medical School, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schmidt W, Kastner C, Sternberg K, Allemann R, Lobler M, Guthoff R, Schmitz KP. New Concepts for Glaucoma Implants - Controlled Aqueous Humor Drainage, Encapsulation Prevention and Local Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/138920113804805386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
29
|
Schmidt W, Kastner C, Sternberg K, Allemann R, Lobler M, Guthoff R, Schmitz KP. New Concepts for Glaucoma Implants - Controlled Aqueous Humor Drainage, Encapsulation Prevention and Local Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201011314010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
30
|
Stahnke T, Löbler M, Kastner C, Stachs O, Wree A, Sternberg K, Schmitz KP, Guthoff R. Different fibroblast subpopulations of the eye: a therapeutic target to prevent postoperative fibrosis in glaucoma therapy. Exp Eye Res 2012; 100:88-97. [PMID: 22579993 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is the characterization of fibroblasts mainly responsible for fibrosis processes associated with trabeculectomy or microstent implantation for glaucoma therapy. Therefore we isolated human primary fibroblasts from choroidea, sclera, Tenon capsule, and orbital fat tissues. These fibroblast subpopulations were analysed in vitro for expression of the extracellular matrix components which are responsible for postoperative scarring in glaucoma therapy. For scarring the proteins of the collagen family are predominant and so we focused on the expression of collagen I, collagen III and collagen VI in every fibroblast subpopulation. Also, the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin which crosslinks collagen fibres or other extracellular matrix components and cell surfaces, was analyzed. Collagen I, III and VI were prominent in every fibroblast subpopulation. The highest amounts of collagen III were found in hCF and hOF, whereas the signal in hSF and hTF was negligible. Additionally, there is a link between scarring processes and proliferating potential of fibroblasts, in case of microstent implantation triggered through the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Thus we analyzed fibroblast subpopulations for the presence of TGF-β1 which is one of the most important cytokines involved in proliferation processes. TGF-β1 was prominent in all fibroblast subpopulations with lowest expression in hCF cultures. To prevent postoperative fibroblast proliferation we analyzed in vitro the proliferation-inhibitors paclitaxel and mitomycin C which are potential candidates in drug eluting drainage systems on ocular fibroblast subpopulations. These inhibitors arrest fibroblast proliferation and viability, being, however, not very specific and have a cytotoxic potential also on healthy tissues surrounding the microstent outflow area. Significant differences in protein synthesis of fibroblasts subpopulations which could be specific targets for inhibition may help to find out fibroblast specific inhibitors to prevent postoperative scarring and could prevent patients from secondary surgery after microstent implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stahnke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rostock, Doberaner Straße 140, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kastner C, Löbler M, Reske T, Sternberg K, Guthoff R, Schmitz KP. Determination of human anterior lens capsule permeability for fluorescent model substances and after-cataract preventive drugs. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
32
|
Dittrich B, Koch B, Kooten TV, Kastner C, Guthoff R, Sternberg K, Möller M. Drug delivery system for sustained delivery of caffeic acid phenethyl ester within lens capsule after cataract surgery. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
33
|
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental factors for orientation of almost all organisms on Earth. Whereas light sensing is of crucial importance in plants to optimize light-dependent energy conservation, in nonphotosynthetic organisms, the synchronization of biological clocks to the length of a day is an important function. Filamentous fungi may use the light signal as an indicator for the exposure of hyphae to air and adapt their physiology to this situation or induce morphogenetic pathways. Although a yes/no decision appears to be sufficient for the light-sensing function in fungi, most species apply a number of different, wavelength-specific receptors. The core of all receptor types is a chromophore, a low-molecular-weight organic molecule, such as flavin, retinal, or linear tetrapyrrols for blue-, green-, or red-light sensing, respectively. Whereas the blue-light response in fungi is one of the best-studied light responses, all other light-sensing mechanisms are less well studied or largely unknown. The discovery of phytochrome in bacteria and fungi in recent years not only advanced the scientific field significantly, but also had great impact on our view of the evolution of phytochrome-like photoreceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Rodriguez-Romero
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Biosciences, Department of Microbiology, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Vyas L, Kastner C, Beard R. UP-1.53: The introduction of a prostate holmium laser service to a district general hospital (DGH). Urology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.07.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
35
|
Mayinger B, Neumann F, Kastner C, Haider T, Schwab D. Hexaminolevulinate-induced fluorescence colonoscopy versus white light endoscopy for diagnosis of neoplastic lesions in the colon. Endoscopy 2010; 42:28-33. [PMID: 20066590 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS To compare the rate of detection of colorectal neoplastic lesions using the selective photosensitizer precursor hexaminolevulinate (HAL) combined with a new fluorescence video endoscope system against that of standard white light endoscopy, and secondarily, to evaluate the safety profile of HAL-induced fluorescence colonoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective phase II clinical pilot study from two hospital study centers included 25 patients with known or highly suspected colorectal neoplasia. They underwent sensitization with locally applied 500 ml HAL enemas at a concentration of 1.6 mmol/L. At 60 minutes after enteral HAL administration, fluorescence imaging was done using a special light source capable of delivering either white light or blue excitation light. Red fluorescence induced by illumination with blue light was detected via a prototype fluorescence video colonoscope. Biopsies were taken from suspicious areas found with white or blue light. RESULTS Using histology as the gold standard, 55 / 93 of neoplastic lesions were detected with white light endoscopy, 53 / 93 with both white and blue light, 38 / 93 with blue light and second-pass white light, and 27/93 with blue light only. Of all neoplastic lesions, 91 / 93 revealed red fluorescence under fluorescence imaging ( P < 0.0001). Fluorescence mode showed 38.7 % (36 / 93) more neoplasms than did white light endoscopy. An isolated slight elevation of bilirubin, by a factor of 1.5, was noted after the administration of HAL. CONCLUSIONS Administration of HAL as enema induces selective lesion fluorescence and increases lesion detection rate in patients with colorectal neoplasia, especially of flat, nonvisible adenomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Mayinger
- Department of Medicine II, Hospital Munich-Pasing, Teaching Hospital of the University of Munich (LMU), D-81241 Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kastner C, Pohl M, Sendeski M, Stange G, Wagner CA, Jensen B, Patzak A, Bachmann S, Theilig F. Effects of receptor-mediated endocytosis and tubular protein composition on volume retention in experimental glomerulonephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F902-11. [PMID: 19193726 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90451.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human glomerulonephritis (GN) is characterized by sustained proteinuria, sodium retention, hypertension, and edema formation. Increasing quantities of filtered protein enter the renal tubule, where they may alter epithelial transport functions. Exaggerated endocytosis and consequent protein overload may affect proximal tubules, but intrinsic malfunction of distal epithelia has also been reported. A straightforward assignment to a particular tubule segment causing salt retention in GN is still controversial. We hypothesized that 1) trafficking and surface expression of major transporters and channels involved in volume regulation were altered in GN, and 2) proximal tubular endocytosis may influence locally as well as downstream expressed tubular transporters and channels. Effects of anti-glomerular basement membrane GN were studied in controls and megalin-deficient mice with blunted proximal endocytosis. Mice displayed salt retention and elevated systolic blood pressure when proteinuria had reached 10-15 mg/24 h. Surface expression of proximal Na(+)-coupled transporters and water channels was in part [Na(+)-P(i) cotransporter IIa (NaPi-IIa) and aquaporin-1 (AQP1)] increased by megalin deficiency alone, but unchanged (Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3) or reduced (NaPi-IIa and AQP1) in GN irrespective of the endocytosis defect. In distal epithelia, significant increases in proteolytic cleavage products of alpha-epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) and gamma-ENaC were observed, suggesting enhanced tubular sodium reabsorption. The effects of glomerular proteinuria dominated over those of blunted proximal endocytosis in contributing to ENaC cleavage. Our data indicate that ENaC-mediated sodium entry may be the rate-limiting step in proteinuric sodium retention. Enhanced proteolytic cleavage of ENaC points to a novel mechanism of channel activation which may involve the action of filtered plasma proteases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kastner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institut für Vegetative Anatomie, Philippstr. 12, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Purschwitz J, Müller S, Kastner C, Schöser M, Haas H, Espeso EA, Atoui A, Calvo AM, Fischer R. Functional and physical interaction of blue- and red-light sensors in Aspergillus nidulans. Curr Biol 2008; 18:255-9. [PMID: 18291652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Light sensing is very important for organisms in all biological kingdoms to adapt to changing environmental conditions. It was discovered recently that plant-like phytochrome is involved in light sensing in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans[1]. Here, we show that phytochrome (FphA) is part of a protein complex containing LreA (WC-1) and LreB (WC-2) [2, 3], two central components of the Neurospora crassa blue-light-sensing system. We found that FphA represses sexual development and mycotoxin formation, whereas LreA and LreB stimulate both. Surprisingly, FphA interacted with LreB and with VeA, another regulator involved in light sensing and mycotoxin biosynthesis. LreB also interacted with LreA. All protein interactions occurred in the nucleus, despite cytoplasmic subfractions of the proteins. Whereas the FphA-VeA interaction was dependent on the presence of the linear tetrapyrrole in FphA, the interaction between FphA and LreB was chromophore independent. These results suggest that morphological and physiological differentiations in A. nidulans are mediated through a network consisting of FphA, LreA, LreB, and VeA acting in a large protein complex in the nucleus, sensing red and blue light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Purschwitz
- Department of Applied Microbiology, University of Karlsruhe, Hertzstrasse 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mayinger B, Neumann F, Kastner C, Degitz K, Hahn EG, Schwab D. Early detection of premalignant conditions in the colon by fluorescence endoscopy using local sensitization with hexaminolevulinate. Endoscopy 2008; 40:106-9. [PMID: 18197583 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS We aimed to determine the feasibility of obtaining selective fluorescence of precancerous/cancerous lesions in the colon with a new fluorescence video endoscope system in combination with the selective photosensitizer precursor hexaminolevulinate (HAL), and to carry out a dose-finding study with evaluation of the optimal dose and application time. PATIENTS AND METHODS 12 patients with colorectal lesions underwent sensitization with locally applied HAL enemas in two concentrations (0.8 mmol and 1.6 mmol). The examination was conducted either 30 or 60 minutes after rectal administration of the sensitizer, using a special light source capable of delivering either white or blue excitation light. Red fluorescence induced by illumination with blue light was detected via a prototype fluorescence video colonoscope. Biopsies were taken from suspicious areas found with white or blue light. Corresponding endoscopic, fluorescence, and microscopic findings were compared. RESULTS Using histological findings as the gold standard, 52/53 of the premalignant/malignant lesions showed red fluorescence under the photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) examination; 38/53 were detected with white-light endoscopy. The PDD mode showed 28 % more polyps than did white-light endoscopic imaging. The greatest fluorescence intensity in precancerous lesions was found with retention for 60 minutes of 500 ml of 1.6 mmol HAL. CONCLUSIONS Administration of HAL enema induces selective lesion fluorescence and increases the lesion detection rate in patients with colorectal adenoma and early carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Mayinger
- Department of Medicine II, Hospital Munich-Pasing, Teaching Hospital of University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Light is essential for photosynthetic organisms, but also serves as an important environmental cue for non-photosynthetic species; thus, light sensing is evolutionarily conserved throughout the kingdoms, from archaea and fungi to humans. Light sensors are chromoproteins, the low-molecular weight compound of which absorbs specific wavelengths and induces a reaction from the protein. In fungi, three light-sensing systems have been described at the molecular level. Blue-light sensing is achieved by a flavin-based photoreceptor, which itself acts as a transcription factor, and red-light sensing is achieved by a phytochrome, a molecule until recently thought to be confined to plants. A retinal-based opsin-system was discovered recently, although a biological function remains to be determined. The challenge for future research will be the identification of further components of signalling cascades, the identification of light-regulated genes and the unravelling of possible functional interplays between the different light control systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Purschwitz
- Max-Planck-Institute for terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Applied Microbiology, University of Karlsruhe Institute for Applied Biosciences, Hertzstrasse 16, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Reitemeier B, Hänsel K, Kastner C, Walter MH. Metal-ceramic failure in noble metal crowns: 7-year results of a prospective clinical trial in private practices. INT J PROSTHODONT 2006; 19:397-9. [PMID: 16900825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of metal-ceramic crowns placed in 10 private practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective clinical trial, 95 patients were provided with 190 noble-metal metal-ceramic single crowns. RESULTS The 7-year survival rates of the crowns were 95.5% (target event: any removal), 99.5% (target event: removal because of defective veneer), and 92.4% (target event: metal-ceramic complication of any kind). No significant explanatory variables for metal-ceramic complications could be detected by bivariate and multivariate testing. The consequences resulting from metal-ceramic defects were of minor clinical significance in most cases. CONCLUSION The findings support previous claims that metal-ceramic restorations perform very well clinically, including in practices outside academic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Reitemeier
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kastner C, Armitage J, Kimble A, Rawal J, Carter PG, Venn S. The Charlson comorbidity score: a superior comorbidity assessment tool for the prostate cancer multidisciplinary meeting. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2006; 9:270-4. [PMID: 16770340 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings use precise prognostic factors to select treatment options for patients with prostate cancer. Comorbidity is judged subjectively. Recent publications favour the Charlson comorbidity score (CS) for the use in the management of prostate cancer. We assess the feasibility of using the CS by our MDT in planning the treatment of patients with prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients from the histopathology database aged less than 75 years and with a diagnosis of localized prostate cancer between 1993 and 1995 were included in a notes audit. A second group consisted of patients recommended for curative treatment for localized prostate cancer by the local MDT in 2004. Data on comorbidity, prostatic malignancy and survival up to 10 years was collected. The prognostic accuracy of the CS was assessed for those patients offered radical treatment between 1993 and 1995. RESULTS Of 1043 patients initially assessed, 37 patients with localized prostate cancer were identified. Using Cox regression, we found the CS to be a statistically significant predictor of survival, following radical treatment for localized prostate cancer (P=0.005). Current practice in 2004 (56 patients) shows a mean (range) Charlson probability of 10-year survival for radical prostatectomy of 0.823 (0.592-0.923) and for radical radiotherapy of 0.653 (0.07-0.936). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the findings of recent research. We also found the CS easy to calculate and therefore feasible to use in our MDT setting. We propose the introduction of the Charlson score by prostate cancer MDTs to assess age and comorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Kastner
- Department of Urology, St Richard's Hospital, Chichester, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Miller P, Kastner C, Fletcher H, Nelson C, Jennings M. Cooled thermotherapy (TUMT) for chronic abacterial prostatitis (CP/CPPS): 2 years after treatment. Urology 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
43
|
Franke D, Kastner C, Ziegler A. Generalized estimating equations for association structures: familial correlations of lipid profiles. Stat Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
44
|
Kastner C, Jakse G. Measurement of immunoglobulins in seminal fluid with modified nephelometry--an alternative diagnostic tool for chronic prostatitis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2003; 6:86-9. [PMID: 12664071 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2002] [Revised: 06/13/2002] [Accepted: 08/07/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to investigate the feasibility of the modified nephelometry technique to measure immunoglobulin G and A in seminal fluid and to evaluate their use in diagnosis and follow-up of chronic prostatitis.IgG and A in seminal fluid of healthy individuals (HI) and chronic prostatitis patients (CP) were measured with modified nephelometry. The literature values were confirmed. IgG reflects the long-term healing process of chronic prostatitis. IgA was significantly increased in patients with exacerbation of the disease. Nephelometry proves to be a reliable and inexpensive test to obtain IgG and IgA in seminal fluid. IgG and IgA are useful as objective parameters to confirm subjective symptom scores in a chronic prostatitis research setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Kastner
- East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, Surrey, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kastner C, Tagg A. Improving the effectiveness of the emergency management of renal colic in a district general hospital: a completed audit cycle. Emerg Med J 2003; 20:449-50. [PMID: 12954686 PMCID: PMC1726168 DOI: 10.1136/emj.20.5.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the current practice of emergency management of renal colic in a district hospital, review literature, implement new guidelines, and assess them. METHODS Data were collected about the use of analgesia, waiting time for intravenous urography (IVU), and admission status of patients presenting to the hospital with symptoms of renal colic over the period of three months. A literature search into the use of analgesia, imaging, and treatment was performed. Members of the involved departments were consulted and new guidelines developed and implemented. This was followed by further data collection over three months. RESULTS Seven of 14 patients were admitted. Five to wait for their IVU. Their average waiting time was 12.3 (SD 2.2) hours. Mainly intramuscular opioid analgesia was used. Literature recommended the use of diclofenac. Although computed tomography was favoured it was decided to continue to use IVU because of circumstances within the hospital. The literature recommended a cut off between conservative and surgical treatment at a calculus size of >4 mm. Existing policies of the relevant departments were obeyed and a training system for the junior doctors was introduced. Emergency department staff were encouraged to perform 3-film IVUs. After this, of 5 of 19 patients were admitted, only one of those to wait for an IVU. The average waiting time for an IVU was 4.1 (SD 0.96) hours. Rectal diclofenac was noted to be the drug of choice. CONCLUSION Coordination of efforts, interdepartmental communication, and a practical application of available literature has resulted in a significant improvement of effectiveness without affecting medical standards, workload, or resources. Accident and emergency senior house officers felt highly satisfied at being able to complete management from presentation to diagnosis and treatment. Interdisciplinary communication has to be continued to maintain smooth operation of the guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Kastner
- Department of Urology, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill,
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ziegler A, Kastner C, Chang-Claude J. Analysis of pregnancy and other factors on detection of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection using weighted estimating equations for follow-up data. Stat Med 2003; 22:2217-33. [PMID: 12820285 DOI: 10.1002/sim.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Generalized estimating equations have been well established to draw inference for the marginal mean from follow-up data. Many studies suffer from missing data that may result in biased parameter estimates if the data are not missing completely at random. Robins and co-workers proposed using weighted estimating equations (WEE) in estimating the mean structure if drop-out occurs missing at random. We illustrate the differences between the WEE and the commonly applied available case analysis in a simulation study. We apply the WEE and reanalyse data of a longitudinal study of pregnancy and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. We estimate the response probabilities and demonstrate that the data are not missing completely at random. Upon use of the WEE, we are able to show that pregnant women have an increased odds for an HPV infection compared with non-pregnant women after delivery (p=0.027). We conclude that the WEE are useful for dealing with monotone missing data due to drop-outs in follow-up data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ziegler
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University at Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The clinical impact of posterior crown margin placement on gingival health has not been thoroughly quantified. PURPOSE This study evaluated the effect of posterior crown margin placement with multivariate analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten general dentists reviewed 240 patients with 480 metal-ceramic crowns in a prospective clinical trial. The alloy was randomly selected from 2 high gold, 1 low gold, and 1 palladium alloy. Variables were the alloy used, oral hygiene index score before treatment, location of crown margins at baseline, and plaque index and sulcus bleeding index scores recorded for restored and control teeth after 1 year. The effect of crown margin placement on sulcular bleeding and plaque accumulation was analyzed with regression models (P<.05). RESULTS The probability of plaque at 1 year increased with increasing oral hygiene index score before treatment. The lingual surfaces demonstrated the highest probability of plaque. The risk of bleeding at intrasulcular posterior crown margins was approximately twice that at supragingival margins. Poor oral hygiene before treatment and plaque also were associated with sulcular bleeding. Facial sites exhibited a lower probability of sulcular bleeding than lingual surfaces. Type of alloy did not influence sulcular bleeding. CONCLUSION In this study, placement of crown margins was one of several parameters that affected gingival health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Reitemeier
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Seifert-Klauss V, Mueller JE, Luppa P, Probst R, Wilker J, Höss C, Treumann T, Kastner C, Ulm K. Bone metabolism during the perimenopausal transition: a prospective study. Maturitas 2002; 41:23-33. [PMID: 11809340 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(01)00248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes in biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption were followed over the course of 1 year in premenopausal, perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women. METHODS Sixty-four subjects were analyzed, grouped according to their menstrual pattern, menopausal complaints and endocrinological parameters to be premenopausal (n=20), perimenopausal (n=24) or early postmenopausal (n=20). The parameters studied at four visits during the 12-month study period were the urinary pyridinium cross-links pyridinoline (PYD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and N-terminal telopeptide (NTX) as bone resorption markers, as well as osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) in serum, representing bone formation. The longitudinal changes over time as well as intergroup differences were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE) in connection with Wald statistics. RESULTS Over the course of 1 year BAP levels decreased in the late premenopausal group (P<0.05). The perimenopausal group exhibited significant changes of PYD, DPD and OC (P<0.01), NTX levels were higher than in premenopause. Postmenopausal subjects had elevated NTX values, while PYD and DPD levels remained close to the perimenopausal range. Only for OC a time effect was seen during postmenopause. CONCLUSIONS Changes in bone turnover already begin in late premenopause, when decreased bone formation may precede increased bone resorption. The rise of NTX from late premenopause through early postmenopause indicates diagnostic sensitivity of this parameter to changes in bone metabolism induced by estrogen withdrawal. PYD and DPD do not follow this pattern, but change significantly with time during perimenopause to then remain largely unchanged in early postmenopause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanadin Seifert-Klauss
- Frauenklinik der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of apolipoproteins A1 (apoA1) and B (apoB) are important protective factors and risk factors, respectively, for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. It is well known that both apoA1 and apoB reveal strong familial aggregation. Our goal was to investigate whether exogenous variables influence these associations. We used marginal regression models for the mean and association structure (generalized estimating equations 2; GEE2) to analyse data from 1435 family members within 469 families of different sizes included in the Donolo-Tel Aviv Three-Generation Offspring Study. The usual robust variance matrix was approximated by extensions of jack-knife estimators of variance to GEE2 models. Estimation of standard errors in models with quite complex correlation structures was possible using this approach. All analyses were easily carried out using a menu-driven stand-alone software tool for marginal regression modelling. We demonstrate that a variety of hypotheses can be tested using Wald statistics by modelling regression matrices for the association structure. We show that correlation for apoB between parent-offspring pairs increased with decreasing age difference and that pairs with individuals of the same gender had more similar apoA1 levels than individuals of different gender. Associations between different relative pairs did not all agree with those expected from differences in kinship coefficients. The analysis using GEE2 models revealed structures that would not have been detected by other models and should therefore be used in addition to traditional approaches of analysing family data. GEE2 should be considered a standard method for the investigation of familial aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ziegler
- Medical Centre for Methodology and Health Research, Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hoffmeister HM, Kastner C, Szabo S, Beyer ME, Helber U, Kazmaier S, Baumbach A, Wendel HP, Heller W. Fibrin specificity and procoagulant effect related to the kallikrein-contact phase system and to plasmin generation with double-bolus reteplase and front-loaded alteplase thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86:263-8. [PMID: 10922430 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(00)00911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to compare the effects of reteplase and alteplase regimens on hemostasis and fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Thrombolytic treatment in patients with AMI is hampered by paradoxical procoagulant effects that favor early reocclusion. In vivo data comparing this effect and the fibrin specificity of double-bolus reteplase and front-loaded alteplase regimens are not available. In a prospective, randomized study, 50 patients with AMI were either treated with double bolus (10 + 10 U) reteplase or with front-loaded alteplase (up to 100 mg) within 6 hours of symptom onset. Thirty apparently healthy persons served as controls. Molecular markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis were serially examined for up to 5 days. Paradoxical thrombin activation at 3 hours after initiation of therapy was comparable between reteplase and alteplase. Reteplase (65 +/- 5 U/L) and alteplase (72 +/- 8 U/L) caused significantly elevated kallikrein activity at 3 hours after adminstration (p <0.01 vs controls 30 +/- 1 U/L). Fibrin specificity was less for reteplase (p <0.05) with a decrease in fibrinogen at 3 hours to 122 +/- 27 mg/dl versus 224 +/- 28 mg/dl for alteplase (p <0.01 and p <0.05 vs controls). D-Dimer levels at 3 hours were higher (p <0.05) after reteplase (5,459 +/- 611 ng/ml) versus alteplase (3,445 +/- 679 ng/ml) (both p <0.01 vs controls 243 +/- 17 ng/ml). Plasmin generation (plasmin-antiplasmin complexes) was significantly (p <0.01) increased at 3 hours with both regimens to 27,079 +/- 3,964 microg/L (reteplase) and 19,522 +/- 2,381 microg/L (alteplase). The data from 3 hours after start of thrombolytic therapy proved less marked fibrin specificity of the reteplase regimen (in vivo) compared with front-loaded alteplase. Both regimens have a moderate procoagulant effect without differences in activation of the kallikrein system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Hoffmeister
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Abteilung Innere Medizin III, Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|