1
|
de Leng B, Helle L, Jokelainen O, Kainulainen M, Kronqvist P, Mol C, Pawelka F, Pohjanen VM, Vincken K. Joint online distance learning to complement postgraduate pathology training in preparation for national board examinations. J Clin Pathol 2024:jcp-2023-209311. [PMID: 38458748 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-209311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To meet the flexible learning needs of pathology residents preparing for national board examinations, a joint distance learning approach was developed using both asynchronous and synchronous activities with whole slide images, drawing on empirical educational research on online distance learning. METHODS In a case study of an implementation of the designed joint distance learning approach with a geographically dispersed group of pathology residents in Finland, the participants' perceptions were measured with a 12-item questionnaire covering the value of the learning opportunity, the quality of the sociocognitive processes and their emotional engagement and social cohesion. Communication during the online session was also recorded and analysed to provide objectivity to the self-report data. RESULTS The effectiveness of joint online learning for knowledge acquisition and preparation for national board examinations was highly rated. However, despite strong emotional engagement during synchronous activities, participants reported minimal interpersonal interaction, which was also reflected in the recordings of the online session. CONCLUSION Using a technology integration framework and guided by the principles of self-determination theory, joint distance learning is emerging as a beneficial addition to postgraduate pathology programmes in preparation for national examinations. However, to realise the full potential of interpersonal interaction, participants should be prepared for an appropriate mindset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bas de Leng
- Educational Institute (IfAS), University of Münster Faculty of Medicine, Munster, Germany
| | - Laura Helle
- Centre for Research on Learning and Instruction, University of Turku Faculty of Education, Turku, Finland
| | - Otto Jokelainen
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Kainulainen
- Centre for Research on Learning and Instruction, University of Turku Faculty of Education, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Christian Mol
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Friedrich Pawelka
- Educational Institute (IfAS), University of Münster Faculty of Medicine, Munster, Germany
| | | | - Koen Vincken
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rutgers DR, van Raamt F, van der Gijp A, Mol C, Ten Cate O. Determinants of Difficulty and Discriminating Power of Image-based Test Items in Postgraduate Radiological Examinations. Acad Radiol 2018; 25:665-672. [PMID: 29198947 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The psychometric characteristics of image-based test items in radiological written examinations are not well known. In this study, we explored difficulty and discriminating power of these test items in postgraduate radiological digital examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed test items of seven Dutch Radiology Progress Tests (DRPTs) that were taken from October 2013 to April 2017. The DRPT is a semiannual formative examination, required for all Dutch radiology residents. We assessed several stimulus and response characteristics of test items. The response format of test items included true or false, single right multiple choice with 2, 3, 4, or ≥5 answer options, pick-N multiple-choice, drag-and-drop, and long-list-menu formats. We calculated item P values and item-rest-correlation (Rir) values to assess difficulty and discriminating power. We performed linear regression analysis in image-based test items to investigate whether P and Rir values were significantly related to stimulus and response characteristics. Also, we compared psychometric indices between image-based test items and text-alone items. RESULTS P and Rir values of image-based items (n = 369) were significantly related to the type of response format (P < .001), and not to which of the seven DRPTs the item was obtained from, radiological subspecialty domain, nonvolumetric or volumetric character of images, or context-rich or context-free character of the stimulus. When accounted for type of response format, difficulty and discriminating power of image-based items did not differ significantly from text-alone items (n = 881). Test items with a relatively large number of answer options were generally more difficult, and discriminated better among high- and low-performing candidates. CONCLUSION In postgraduate radiological written examinations, difficulty and discriminating power of image-based test items are related to the type of response format and are comparable to those of text-alone items. We recommend a response format with a relatively large number of answer options to optimize psychometric indices of radiological image-based test items.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk R Rutgers
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands; Radiological Society of the Netherlands, Vught 5260 CB, The Netherlands.
| | - Fleur van Raamt
- Department of Radiology, Gelre Hospitals, Apeldoorn 7334 DZ, The Netherlands; Radiological Society of the Netherlands, Vught 5260 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk van der Gijp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Mol
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Olle Ten Cate
- Center for Research and Development of Education, University Medical Center, Utrecht 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clair NS, Kuzminski J, May T, Mackinney T, Frazer T, Mol C. Preparing locally to learn globally: The development of a joint UME and
GME preparatory curriculum for global health electives. Ann Glob Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2014.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
4
|
Mohamed Hoesein FAA, de Hoop B, Zanen P, Gietema H, Kruitwagen CLJJ, van Ginneken B, Isgum I, Mol C, van Klaveren RJ, Dijkstra AE, Groen HJM, Boezen HM, Postma DS, Prokop M, Lammers JWJ. CT-quantified emphysema in male heavy smokers: association with lung function decline. Thorax 2011; 66:782-7. [PMID: 21474499 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.145995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emphysema and small airway disease both contribute to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a disease characterised by accelerated decline in lung function. The association between the extent of emphysema in male current and former smokers and lung function decline was investigated. METHODS Current and former heavy smokers participating in a lung cancer screening trial were recruited to the study and all underwent CT. Spirometry was performed at baseline and at 3-year follow-up. The 15th percentile (Perc15) was used to assess the severity of emphysema. RESULTS 2085 men of mean age 59.8 years participated in the study. Mean (SD) baseline Perc15 was -934.9 (19.5) HU. A lower Perc15 value correlated with a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) at baseline (r=0.12, p<0.001). Linear mixed model analysis showed that a lower Perc15 was significantly related to a greater decline in FEV(1) after follow-up (p<0.001). Participants without baseline airway obstruction who developed it after follow-up had significantly lower mean (SD) Perc15 values at baseline than those who did not develop obstruction (-934.2 (17.1) HU vs -930.2 (19.7) HU, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Greater baseline severity of CT-detected emphysema is related to lower baseline lung function and greater rates of lung function decline, even in those without airway obstruction. CT-detected emphysema aids in identifying non-obstructed male smokers who will develop airflow obstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firdaus A A Mohamed Hoesein
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hogeweg L, Mol C, de Jong PA, Dawson R, Ayles H, van Ginneken B. Fusion of local and global detection systems to detect tuberculosis in chest radiographs. Med Image Comput Comput Assist Interv 2010; 13:650-7. [PMID: 20879456 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-15711-0_81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Automatic detection of tuberculosis (TB) on chest radiographs is a difficult problem because of the diverse presentation of the disease. A combination of detection systems for abnormalities and normal anatomy is used to improve detection performance. A textural abnormality detection system operating at the pixel level is combined with a clavicle detection system to suppress false positive responses. The output of a shape abnormality detection system operating at the image level is combined in a next step to further improve performance by reducing false negatives. Strategies for combining systems based on serial and parallel configurations were evaluated using the minimum, maximum, product, and mean probability combination rules. The performance of TB detection increased, as measured using the area under the ROC curve, from 0.67 for the textural abnormality detection system alone to 0.86 when the three systems were combined. The best result was achieved using the sum and product rule in a parallel combination of outputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Hogeweg
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brownlow N, Mol C, Hayford C, Ghaem-Maghami S, Dibb NJ. Dasatinib is a potent inhibitor of tumour-associated macrophages, osteoclasts and the FMS receptor. Leukemia 2008; 23:590-4. [PMID: 18784745 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
7
|
Wielinga PR, Reid G, Challa EE, van der Heijden I, van Deemter L, de Haas M, Mol C, Kuil AJ, Groeneveld E, Schuetz JD, Brouwer C, De Abreu RA, Wijnholds J, Beijnen JH, Borst P. Thiopurine metabolism and identification of the thiopurine metabolites transported by MRP4 and MRP5 overexpressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Mol Pharmacol 2002; 62:1321-31. [PMID: 12435799 DOI: 10.1124/mol.62.6.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercaptopurines have been used as anticancer agents for more than 40 years, and most acute lymphoblastic leukemias are treated with 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) or 6-thioguanine (TG). Overexpression of the two related multidrug resistance proteins MRP4 and MRP5 has been shown to confer some resistance against mercaptopurines, which has been attributed to extrusion of mercaptopurine metabolites by these transporters. We have analyzed the mercaptopurine metabolites formed in human embryonic kidney cells and determined which metabolites are extruded by MRP4 and MRP5. Incubation with 6MP led to the formation of thioinosine and thioxanthosine metabolites and we found that thio-IMP was transported by both MRP4 and MRP5; MRP5 showed the highest transport rate. In contrast, only MRP5 transported thioxanthosine monophosphate (tXMP). During incubation with TG, the monophosphorylated form of thioguanosine was transported by both MRP4 and MRP5; the highest transport rate was for MRP4. Similarly, only 6-methyl-thio-IMP was formed during incubation with 6-methyl mercaptopurine riboside. This compound was a substrate for both MRP4 and MRP5; MRP4 showed the highest transport rate. Our results show that all major thiopurine monophosphates important in the efficacy of mercaptopurine treatment are transported by MRP4 and MRP5, although the substrate specificity of the two transporters differs in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Wielinga
- Division of Molecular Biology and Center for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Radic MZ, Mackle J, Erikson J, Mol C, Anderson WF, Weigert M. Residues that mediate DNA binding of autoimmune antibodies. J Immunol 1993; 150:4966-77. [PMID: 8496598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations to arginine (R) are a common feature of a subset of J558 H chain genes that code for the majority of high-affinity, anti-dsDNA antibodies in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice. To examine the consequences of such amino acid substitutions on DNA binding, we reverted three somatic mutations of a prototypic anti-dsDNA H chain gene, VH3H9, and assayed the effect of those reversions by expression in a V lambda 1 L chain-only plasmacytoma line. Reversion of R53 eliminated virtually all dsDNA binding and sharply reduced ssDNA affinity. While the complete germ-line revertant of VH3H9 retained a low level of DNA binding, the substitution of R96, a product of N base addition in the third complementarity determining region (CDR3), with glycine (G) was sufficient to abolish measureable DNA specificity. Antibodies with higher affinity for DNA were generated by introducing arginines into VH3H9 at any one of four positions where somatic mutations to arginine had been identified by sequencing other anti-dsDNA J558 H chain genes. All four arginine mutants showed affinity increments consistent with their direct involvement in DNA binding, although one such mutant, K64R, required the simultaneous reversion of an adjacent aspartic acid (D) to the germ-line glycine. Two variants with three nongerm-line arginines showed further improvements in DNA affinity suggesting that their contributions to DNA binding may be additive. Molecular modeling of antibody and mutant F(ab) structures and calculations of their electrostatic potentials were used as an aid in interpreting the results and in predicting the location and size of possible combining sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Z Radic
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Radic MZ, Mackle J, Erikson J, Mol C, Anderson WF, Weigert M. Residues that mediate DNA binding of autoimmune antibodies. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.150.11.4966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Somatic mutations to arginine (R) are a common feature of a subset of J558 H chain genes that code for the majority of high-affinity, anti-dsDNA antibodies in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice. To examine the consequences of such amino acid substitutions on DNA binding, we reverted three somatic mutations of a prototypic anti-dsDNA H chain gene, VH3H9, and assayed the effect of those reversions by expression in a V lambda 1 L chain-only plasmacytoma line. Reversion of R53 eliminated virtually all dsDNA binding and sharply reduced ssDNA affinity. While the complete germ-line revertant of VH3H9 retained a low level of DNA binding, the substitution of R96, a product of N base addition in the third complementarity determining region (CDR3), with glycine (G) was sufficient to abolish measureable DNA specificity. Antibodies with higher affinity for DNA were generated by introducing arginines into VH3H9 at any one of four positions where somatic mutations to arginine had been identified by sequencing other anti-dsDNA J558 H chain genes. All four arginine mutants showed affinity increments consistent with their direct involvement in DNA binding, although one such mutant, K64R, required the simultaneous reversion of an adjacent aspartic acid (D) to the germ-line glycine. Two variants with three nongerm-line arginines showed further improvements in DNA affinity suggesting that their contributions to DNA binding may be additive. Molecular modeling of antibody and mutant F(ab) structures and calculations of their electrostatic potentials were used as an aid in interpreting the results and in predicting the location and size of possible combining sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Z Radic
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - J Mackle
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - J Erikson
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - C Mol
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - W F Anderson
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - M Weigert
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
1. In urine of rats treated with 1',2'-epoxyhexobarbital, unchanged compound and six metabolites were identified: 1,5-dimethylbarbituric acid, which is the end product of an epoxide-diol pathway, two stereochemically different 3'-hydroxy-1',2'-epoxyhexobarbitals, a hydroxyfuropyrimidine, 3'-hydroxyhexobarbital and 3'-ketohexobarbital. 2. The analytical methods used were based on capillary g.l.c. with nitrogen-selective or mass spectrometric detection. Identification was by electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. All the reference compounds needed for comparison were synthesized. 3. The mean plasma elimination half-life of 1',2'-epoxyhexobarbital after intra-arterial administration to the rat was 13.7 +/- 1.5 min (mean +/-S.D.; n = 3). A total body clearance of 35.2 +/- 9.6 ml/min (mean +/- S.D.) was calculated, which includes renal clearance of unchanged epoxide. 4. In rat liver microsomal preparations it was demonstrated that 1',2'-epoxyhexobarbital is hydrated by epoxide hydratase. With 1 mM 1,1,1,-trichloropropene-2,3-oxide (TCPO) this enzymic reaction could be inhibited completely. 5. On administration of the individual metabolites of the epoxide to rats, no evidence was found for their possible intermediacy in the formation of 3'-hydroxy- or 3'-ketohexobarbital, which are major metabolites of hexobarbital.
Collapse
|
11
|
|