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Jörgensen AM, Steinbring C, Stengel D, To D, Schmid P, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) Containing Reverse Micelles: Advanced Oral Formulations for Therapeutic Peptides. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2302034. [PMID: 37696266 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Alternative methods to hydrophobic ion pairing for the formation of lipophilic complexes of peptide drugs to incorporate them in lipid-based nanocarriers such as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for oral administration are highly on demand. Such an alternative might be reverse micelles. Within this study, SEDDS containing dry reverse micelles (dRMsPMB ) formed with an anionic (sodium docusate; AOT), cationic (dimethyl-dioctadecyl-ammonium bromide; DODAB), amphoteric (soy lecithin; SL), or non-ionic (polysorbate 85; P85) surfactant loaded with the model peptide drug polymyxin B (PMB) are developed. They are characterized regarding size, payload, release kinetics, cellular uptake, and peptide activity. SEDDS exhibit sizes from 22.2 ± 1.7 (AOT-SEDDS-dRMsPMB ) to 61.7 ± 3.2 nm (P85-SEDDS-dRMsPMB ) with payloads up to 2% that are approximately sevenfold higher than those obtained via hydrophobic ion pairing. Within 6 h P85-SEDDS-dRMsPMB and AOT-SEDDS-dRMsPMB show no release of PMB in aqueous medium, whereas DODAB-SEDDS-dRMsPMB and SL-SEDDS-dRMsPMB show a sustained release. DODAB-SEDDS-dRMsPMB improves uptake by Caco-2 cells most efficiently reaching even ≈100% within 4 h followed by AOT-SEDDS-dRMsPMB with ≈20% and P85-/SL-SEDDS-dRMsPMB with ≈5%. The peptide drug maintains its antimicrobial activity in all SEDDS-dRMsPMB . According to these results, SEDDS containing dRMs might be a game changing strategy for oral peptide drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Matteo Jörgensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Daniel Stengel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Dennis To
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Pascal Schmid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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Le-Vinh B, Steinbring C, Nguyen Le NM, Matuszczak B, Bernkop-Schnürch A. S-Protected Thiolated Chitosan versus Thiolated Chitosan as Cell Adhesive Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:40304-40316. [PMID: 37594415 PMCID: PMC10472333 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (Ch) and different Ch derivatives have been applied in tissue engineering (TE) because of their biocompatibility, favored mechanical properties, and cost-effectiveness. Most of them, however, lack cell adhesive properties that are crucial for TE. In this study, we aimed to design an S-protected thiolated Ch derivative exhibiting high cell adhesive properties serving as a scaffold for TE. 3-((2-Acetamido-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)dithio) propanoic acid was covalently attached to Ch via a carbodiimide-mediated reaction. Low-, medium-, and high-modified Chs (Ch-SS-1, Ch-SS-2, and Ch-SS-3) with 54, 107 and 140 μmol of ligand per gram of polymer, respectively, were tested. In parallel, three thiolated Chs, namely Ch-SH-1, Ch-SH-2, and Ch-SH-3, were prepared by conjugating N-acetyl cysteine to Ch at the same degree of modification to compare the effectiveness of disulfide versus thiol modification on cell adhesion. Ch-SS-1 showed better cell adhesion capability than Ch-SS-2 and Ch-SS-3. This can be explained by the more lipophilic surfaces of Ch-SS as a higher modification was made. Although Ch-SH-1, Ch-SH-2, and Ch-SH-3 were shown to be good substrates for cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation, Ch-SS polymers were superior to Ch-SH polymers in the formation of 3D cell cultures. Cryogels structured by Ch-SS-1 (SSg) resulted in homogeneous scaffolds with tunable pore size and mechanical properties by changing the mass ratio between Ch-SS-1 and heparin used as a cross-linker. SSg scaffolds possessing interconnected microporous structures showed good cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Therefore, Ch-SS can be used to construct tunable cryogel scaffolds that are suitable for 3D cell culture and TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Le-Vinh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, 700000 Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nguyet-Minh Nguyen Le
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, 700000 Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam
| | - Barbara Matuszczak
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Theurl F, Schreinlechner M, Sappler N, Toifl M, Dolejsi T, Hofer F, Massmann C, Steinbring C, Komarek S, Mölgg K, Dejakum B, Böhme C, Kirchmair R, Reinstadler S, Bauer A. Smartwatch-derived heart rate variability: a head-to-head comparison with the gold standard in cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J Digit Health 2023; 4:155-164. [PMID: 37265873 PMCID: PMC10232241 DOI: 10.1093/ehjdh/ztad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aims We aimed to investigate the concordance between heart rate variability (HRV) derived from the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal of a commercially available smartwatch compared with the gold-standard high-resolution electrocardiogram (ECG)-derived HRV in patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods and results We prospectively enrolled 104 survivors of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, 129 patients after an ischaemic stroke, and 30 controls. All subjects underwent simultaneous recording of a smartwatch (Garmin vivoactive 4; Garmin Ltd, Olathe, KS, USA)-derived PPG signal and a high-resolution (1000 Hz) ECG for 30 min under standardized conditions. HRV measures in time and frequency domain, non-linear measures, as well as deceleration capacity (DC) were calculated according to previously published technologies from both signals. Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) between smartwatch-derived and ECG-based HRV markers was used as a measure of diagnostic accuracy. A very high concordance within the whole study cohort was observed for the mean heart rate (ρc = 0.9998), standard deviation of the averages of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals in all 5min segments (SDANN; ρc = 0.9617), and very low frequency power (VLF power; ρc = 0.9613). In contrast, detrended fluctuation analysis (DF-α1; ρc = 0.5919) and the square mean root of the sum of squares of adjacent NN-interval differences (rMSSD; ρc = 0.6617) showed only moderate concordance. Conclusion Smartwatch-derived HRV provides a practical alternative with excellent accuracy compared with ECG-based HRV for global markers and those characterizing lower frequency components. However, caution is warranted with HRV markers that predominantly assess short-term variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michael Schreinlechner
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Nikolay Sappler
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Michael Toifl
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Theresa Dolejsi
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Florian Hofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Celine Massmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Silvia Komarek
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke (VASCage), Anichstr. 5a, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Kurt Mölgg
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke (VASCage), Anichstr. 5a, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Benjamin Dejakum
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke (VASCage), Anichstr. 5a, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Christian Böhme
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Rudolf Kirchmair
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Sebastian Reinstadler
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Axel Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III—Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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Wibel R, Braun DE, Hämmerle L, Jörgensen AM, Knoll P, Salvenmoser W, Steinbring C, Bernkop-Schnürch A. In Vitro Investigation of Thiolated Chitosan Derivatives as Mucoadhesive Coating Materials for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3980-3991. [PMID: 34459197 PMCID: PMC8441978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, chitosan (CS) was thiolated by introducing l-cysteine via amide bond formation. Free thiol groups were protected with highly reactive 6-mercaptonicotinic acid (6-MNA) and less-reactive l-cysteine, respectively, via thiol/disulfide-exchange reactions. Unmodified CS, l-cysteine-modified thiolated CS (CS-Cys), 6-MNA-S-protected thiolated CS (CS-Cys-MNA), and l-cysteine-S-protected thiolated CS (CS-Cys-Cys) were applied as coating materials to solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). The strength of mucus interaction followed the rank order plain < CS < CS-Cys-Cys < CS-Cys < CS-Cys-MNA, whereas mucus diffusion followed the rank order CS-Cys < CS-Cys-Cys < CS < CS-Cys-MNA < plain. In accordance with lower reactivity, CS-Cys-Cys-coated SLN were immobilized to a lower extent than CS-Cys-coated SLN, while CS-Cys-MNA-coated SLN dissociated from their coating material resulting in a similar diffusion behavior as plain SLN. Consequently, CS-Cys-Cys-coated SLN and CS-Cys-MNA-coated SLN showed the highest retention on porcine intestinal mucosa by enabling a synergism of efficient mucus diffusion and strong mucoadhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wibel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris E Braun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laurenz Hämmerle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arne M Jörgensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrick Knoll
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Willi Salvenmoser
- Department of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Akkuş-Dağdeviren ZB, Wolf JD, Kurpiers M, Shahzadi I, Steinbring C, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Charge reversal self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: A comparative study among various phosphorylated surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 589:532-544. [PMID: 33493863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Phosphorylated surfactants having ethoxylate spacer arms are promising excipients for charge reversal self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). EXPERIMENTS 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid disodium salt (PA), 2-((2,3-bis(oleoyloxy)propyl)dimethylammonio)ethyl hydrogen phosphate (DOCP), nonylphenol monophosphate ester (PNPP), C12-15 alcohol 3 ethoxylate phosphate ester (PME) and polyoxyethylene (9) dioctanoyl glycerol pyrophosphate (DGPP) loaded SEDDS were developed and characterized. Zeta potential of SEDDS was measured before and after incubation with intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP). Phosphate release was monitored by incubation of SEDDS with isolated as well as cell-associated IAP. Primary amine content on the surface of SEDDS was determined in parallel. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on Caco-2 cells and in vitro hemolysis test was performed. Cellular uptake studies were performed by confocal scanning microscopy. FINDINGS SEDDS formulations exhibited a size in the range of 17 and 193 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) ≤ 0.5. Charge reversal from negative to positive values could be achieved in case of PNPP and PME loaded SEDDS with a zeta potential changing from -13 mV to +9 mV and from -7 to +2 mV, respectively, within 6 h. Significant amounts of phosphate were released from PNPP and PME loaded SEDDS incubated with isolated IAP and from all formulations incubated with cell-associated IAP in accordance with an increase in primary amines on the surface of oily droplets. SEDDS exhibited a concentration and time-dependent cytotoxicity. PNPP and PME SEDDS displayed an increased cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Burcu Akkuş-Dağdeviren
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Dominik Wolf
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Kurpiers
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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6
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Le NMN, Steinbring C, Le-Vinh B, Jalil A, Matuszczak B, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Polyphosphate coatings: A promising strategy to overcome the polycation dilemma. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 587:279-289. [PMID: 33360901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM It was the aim of this study to develop a zeta potential changing drug delivery system by decorating lipid-based nanocarriers with a polycationic cell penetrating peptide (CPP) and subsequently masking these cationic substructures with polyphosphates. METHODS In order to anchor the CPP poly-l-lysine (PLL) on the surface of the oily droplets of an o/w nanoemulsion, stearic acid was covalently attached to the peptide. The resulting CPP-decorated oily droplets were coated with phytic acid and tripolyphosphate. The elimination of these polyphosphates due to cleavage by alkaline phosphatase was monitored by the release of monophosphate from the surface of the nanocarriers, by the change in zeta potential and by cellular uptake studies on Caco-2 cells. RESULTS Polyphosphate coated PLL-decorated nanocarriers exhibited a pronounced conversion of zeta potential from -14.1 mV to +4.2 mV in case of tripolyphosphate coated nanocarriers and from -9.9 mV to -2.6 mV in case of phytic acid coated nanocarriers. The cellular uptake on Caco-2 cells of the polyphosphate coated nanocarriers was 4-fold improved compared to the control nanocarriers. Furthermore, confocal images showed that the majority of nanodroplets distributed in cytoplasm not being internalized into lysosomes. CONCLUSION Polyphosphate coating of CPP-decorated nanocarriers seems to be a promising and simple strategy to overcome the polycation dilemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet-Minh Nguyen Le
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bao Le-Vinh
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Industrial Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Aamir Jalil
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Barbara Matuszczak
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Lupo N, Steinbring C, Friedl JD, Le-Vinh B, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Impact of bile salts and a medium chain fatty acid on the physical properties of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 47:22-35. [PMID: 33185140 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1851241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the evaluation of the influence of bile salts and fatty acids, important components of intestinal fluids, on physical characteristics of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) such as size, polydispersity (PDI), zeta potential (Zp), turbidity (T%), cloud point temperature (CPT) and drug release. At this purpose, nonionic (ni-SEDDS) and cationic (c-SEDDS) were emulsified in aqueous media containing increasing concentrations of bile salts (BS) and decanoate (Dec). Zp of ni-SEDDS and c-SEDDS became highly negative at 15 mM BS and Dec. Size of ni-SEDDS decreased of 112 nm and of 76 nm at 15 mM BS and Dec, respectively. Size of c-SEDDS decreased of 53 nm at 15 mM BS, but it was not affected by 15 mM Dec. PDI and T% of ni- and c-SEDDS were lowered as well. CPT of ni-SEDDS increased from 70 °C to 97 °C and 84 °C at 15 mM BS and Dec. CPT of c-SEDDS decreased from above 100 °C to 80 °C and to 85 °C at 1.5 mM BS and at 5 mM Dec, respectively. Generally, BS had a more pronounced effect on SEDDS Zp, size, PDI, T %, and CPT than Dec. The release of the model drug quinine was accelerated by BS and Dec. As BS and fatty acids affect the physical characteristics and drug release behavior of SEDDS, their impact should be addressed during the development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Lupo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian David Friedl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bao Le-Vinh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Baus RA, Leichner C, Steinbring C, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Strategies for improved hair binding: Keratin fractions and the impact of cationic substructures. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:201-211. [PMID: 32445814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Keratin extracts and hydrolysates from varying sources, their chemical modifications and compositions thereof have shown potential in the restoration of hair properties. Within this study on reactivity of thiol groups and the shielding effect of anionic charges the binding of keratin-associated proteins (KAP) and α-keratins (Ker) extracted from human hair to natural and permed hair fibers was evaluated. Selectively extracted KAP and Ker were preactivated with 6-mercaptonicotinamide in a quantity of 194 ± 21 μmol/g for KAP and 169 ± 27 μmol/g for Ker resulting in 1.9- and 1.4-fold enhanced binding to natural hair, respectively. The amount of accumulated Ker on hair fibers was furthermore increased by 1.7-fold in presence of 25 mM L-arginine. Perming of hair impaired binding characteristics of Ker with negligible effects for preactivation, whereas unmodified and preactivated KAP showed results comparable to natural hair. Strongly enhanced penetrability after perming was reflected by the mean penetration depth for fluorescein of 25 μm compared to 5 μm for natural fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Angela Baus
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Leichner
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Friedl JD, Steinbring C, Zaichik S, Le NMN, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Cellular uptake of self-emulsifying drug-delivery systems: polyethylene glycol versus polyglycerol surface. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1829-1841. [PMID: 32781886 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Comparison of the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyglycerol (PG) surface decoration on self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS)-membrane interaction and cellular uptake. Materials & methods: PEG-, PEG/PG- and PG-SEDDS were assessed regarding their self-emulsifying properties, surface charge, bile salt fusibility, cellular uptake and interaction with endosome-mimicking membranes. Results: SEDDS exhibited droplet sizes between 150 and 175 nm, a narrow size distribution and self-emulsified within 7 min. Higher PEG-surfactant amounts in SEDDS resulted in charge-shielding and thus in a decrease of ζ potential up to Δ11 mV. The inert PEG-surface hampered bile salt fusion and interfered SEDDS-cell interaction. By reducing the PEG-surfactant amount to 10%, cellular uptake increased twofold compared with PEG-SEDDS containing 40% PEG-surfactant. PG-SEDDS containing no PEG-surfactants showed a threefold increased cellular uptake. Furthermore, complete replacement of PEG-surfactants by PG-surfactants led to enhanced cellular interaction and improved disruption endosome-like membranes. Conclusion: PG-surfactants demonstrated high potential to address PEG-surface associated drawbacks in SEDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian David Friedl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry & Biomedicine, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry & Biomedicine, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Sergey Zaichik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry & Biomedicine, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Nguyet-Minh Nguyen Le
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry & Biomedicine, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.,Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry & Biomedicine, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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Kurpiers M, Wolf JD, Spleis H, Steinbring C, Jörgensen AM, Matuszczak B, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Lysine-Based Biodegradable Surfactants: Increasing the Lipophilicity of Insulin by Hydrophobic Ion Paring. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:124-134. [PMID: 32758547 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate biodegradable cationic surfactants based on lysine. METHODS Lysine was esterified with cholesterol, oleyl alcohol and 1-decanol resulting in cholesteryl lysinate (CL), oleyl lysinate (OL) and decyl lysinate (DL). Esters were investigated regarding their log Dn-octanol/water, critical micelle concentration (CMC) and biodegradability. Hemolytic potential of CL, OL, DL and the already established hexadecyl lysinate (HL) was determined and complexes with insulin (INS) were formed by hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP). Lipophilic characteristics of ion-pairs were examined by analyzing their log Pn-butanol/water. RESULTS Successful synthesis of CL, OL and DL was confirmed by IR, NMR and MS. Log D analysis revealed amphiphilic properties for the esters and a CMC of 0.01 mM, 2.0 mM and 6.0 mM was found for CL, OL and DL, respectively. Biodegradability was proven, as over 99% of OL and DL were degraded by isolated enzymes within 30 min and after 3 h 97% of CL was cleaved by membrane bound enzymes. OL as well as DL displayed no hemolytic effect and for CL cytotoxicity was significantly reduced in comparison to HL. INS/CL complex exhibited highest lipophilicity. CONCLUSION Cholesterol-amino acid based surfactants seem to be promising agents for HIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kurpiers
- Thiomatrix Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Research Center Innsbruck, Trientlgasse 65, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Dominik Wolf
- Thiomatrix Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Research Center Innsbruck, Trientlgasse 65, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helen Spleis
- Thiomatrix Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Research Center Innsbruck, Trientlgasse 65, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arne Matteo Jörgensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Matuszczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Thiomatrix Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Research Center Innsbruck, Trientlgasse 65, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zaichik S, Steinbring C, Jelkmann M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. WITHDRAWN: Zeta potential changing nanoemulsions: Impact of PEG-corona on phosphate cleavage. Int J Pharm X 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Griesser J, Hetényi G, Federer C, Steinbring C, Ellemunter H, Niedermayr K, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Highly mucus permeating and zeta potential changing self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: A potent gene delivery model for causal treatment of cystic fibrosis. Int J Pharm 2019; 557:124-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zaichik S, Steinbring C, Caliskan C, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Development and in vitro evaluation of a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for oral vancomycin administration. Int J Pharm 2019; 554:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Leichner C, Steinbring C, Baus RA, Baecker D, Gust R, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Reactive keratin derivatives: A promising strategy for covalent binding to hair. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 534:533-541. [PMID: 30253354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Restoration of damaged hair structure by replacing lost keratin is still of paramount interest. On account of the fact that native keratin is a highly cross-linked protein with numerous disulfide bonds but just a few nucleophilic thiol groups, binding affinity to hair is comparatively low. Hence, the design of reactive keratin derivatives bearing free sulfhydryl groups that are optionally S-protected and preactivated should enhance permanent binding to hair fibers. EXPERIMENTS Keratin was extracted from human Caucasian hair and reduced with NaBH4 to obtain free sulfhydryl groups (keratin-SH). These thiol groups were S-protected via disulfide linkage to 2-mercaptonicotinic acid (keratin-MNA). Hair fibers were either utilized in their natural form or chemically damaged by bleaching. Amount of keratin derivatives being bound to hair fibers was quantified by fluorescence detection of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled keratins. FINDINGS Both modifications induced higher affinity of keratin to hair fibers, resulting in up to 1.7-fold (keratin-MNA) improved binding to natural hair and up to 3.6-fold (keratin-MNA) improved binding to bleached hair. Confocal laser microscopy confirmed the accumulation of keratin derivatives in distinct regions of the cuticle layer. Thiol functionalization seems therefore to be a promising strategy for efficient durable binding of keratin to hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Leichner
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Randi Angela Baus
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Baecker
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Zaichik S, Steinbring C, Menzel C, Knabl L, Orth-Höller D, Ellemunter H, Niedermayr K, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Development of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for ciprofloxacin with improved mucus permeating properties. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:282-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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