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Vanhaesebrouck A, Tostivint A, Lefèvre T, Melchior M, Khireddine-Medouni I, Chee CC. Characteristics of persons who died by suicide in prison in France: 2017-2018. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:11. [PMID: 34983453 PMCID: PMC8729083 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In northern countries, suicide rates among prisoners are at least three times higher for men and nine times higher for women than in the general population. The objective of this study is to describe the sociodemographic, penal, health characteristics and circumstances of suicide of French prisoners who died by suicide. METHODS This study is an intermediate analysis of the French epidemiological surveillance program of suicides in prison. All suicides in prison in 2017-2018 in France were included in the study. Archival sociodemographic and penal data and specific data on the circumstances of the suicidal act were provided by the National Prison Service. Health data was provided by physicians working in prison using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS In 2017-2018, 235 prisoners died by suicide. The suicide rate was 16.8/10 000 person-years. Among suicide cases, 94.9% were male, 27.2% were under 30, 25.1% were aged 30 to 39, 27.7% were aged 40 to 49 and 20.0% were 50 or older. At the time of suicide, 48.5% were on custodial remand. Incarceration is associated with a threefold increase in the frequency of anxio-depressive disorders (24.6% in prison versus 8.2% before prison). The week before the suicidal act, 60% of prisoners visited the health unit and a significant event was detected for 61% of all cases. Suicide was less than 1 week after prison entry for 11.9% of prisoners, corresponding to a suicide rate 6.4 (CI95% [4.3 - 9.5]) times higher than for the remaining time in prison, and was more than 1 year after entry for 33.7% of them. CONCLUSIONS The high frequency of events the week before suicide in our study suggests that events in prison could play a role in the occurrence of suicides. Comparative studies are needed to further explore the time association between events and suicide in prison. As most of prisoners who died by suicide visited the health unit the week before suicide, the identification of triggering factors could help psychiatrists and other health professionals to assess the short-term risk of suicide and to implement preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Vanhaesebrouck
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute On Social Issues (IRIS), UFR SMBH, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR 8156-997, Paris, France. .,Department of Legal and Social Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140, Bondy, France. .,Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France.
| | - Amélie Tostivint
- grid.494228.10000 0004 0639 9788Health division of the National Prison Service, Ministry of Justice, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lefèvre
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Interdisciplinary Research Institute On Social Issues (IRIS), UFR SMBH, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, UMR 8156-997 Paris, France ,grid.414153.60000 0000 8897 490XDepartment of Legal and Social Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Maria Melchior
- grid.418241.a0000 0000 9373 1902Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Social Epidemiology, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Christine Chan Chee
- grid.457361.2National Agency of Public Health (Santé Publique France), Saint-Maurice, France
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Pires D, Ambar Akkaoui M, Laaidi K, Chan Chee C, Fifre G, Lejoyeux M, Geoffroy PA. Impact of meteorological factors on alcohol use disorders: A study in emergency departments. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:456-459. [PMID: 34866498 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2002351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
No data exist on the influence of meteorological factors on alcohol use disorders (AUD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between meteorological factors and AUD. All patients who were admitted to an emergency department (ED) in the Paris-region for an alcohol-related condition were included using the Oscour® database over the period January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Meteorological data were collected by Météo-France (French Weather service). All data were aggregated by week. We performed Pearson correlations between weather variables and the number of ED visits for AUD. We observed 98,748 ED visits for alcohol-related conditions over the study period. We found significant positive correlations between the number of alcohol-related ED visits and the mean temperature (r = 0.55; p = 1.87e -5, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.33, 0.72) and the duration of sunlight (r = 0.42; p = .0015, 95% CI = 0.17, 0.62). Negative correlations were also found significant with rain (r = -0.40; p = .0014, 95% CI = -0.62, -0.18), humidity (r = -0.41; p = .0023, 95% CI = -0.62, -0.16) and wind speed (r = -0.40; p = .0031, 95% CI = -0.60, -0.14). Emergency visits for AUD seem to increase with the temperature and duration of sunlight, and decrease with rain, humidity and wind speed. Further studies are needed on a larger scale and taking into account potential confounding factors to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Pires
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Marine Ambar Akkaoui
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France.,Centre Psychiatrique d'Orientation et d'Accueil (CPOA), GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France.,Etablissement Publique de Santé Mentale de Ville Evrard, Psychiatric Emergency, CH Delafontaine, EPS Ville Evrard, 93300 Saint Denis, France
| | - Karine Laaidi
- Santé Publique France, direction santé-environnement-travail, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Christine Chan Chee
- Santé Publique France, direction santé-environnement-travail, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Grégory Fifre
- Direction des Services de la Météorologie, Météo-France, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Lejoyeux
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France.,GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Pierre A Geoffroy
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France.,GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France.,CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
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Husky MM, Salamon R, Bitfoi A, Carta MG, Chan Chee C, Goelitz D, Koç C, Lesinskiene S, Mihova Z, Otten R, Pez O, Shojaei T, Kovess-Masfety V. Self-reported mental health problems and performance in mathematics and reading in children across Europe. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2020.1728247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde M. Husky
- Laboratoire de Psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Reda Salamon
- Inserm U1219, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adina Bitfoi
- The Romanian League for Mental Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Centro di Psichiatria di Consulenza e Psicosomatica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Christine Chan Chee
- Department of Chronic Disease and Trauma, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Paris, France
| | - Dietmar Goelitz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau (Campus Koblenz), Koblenz, Germany
| | - Ceren Koç
- Yeniden Health and Education Society, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Pluryn, Research & Development, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ondine Pez
- EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Taraneh Shojaei
- Screening and Prevention Bureau, SDS/DASES, Mairie de Paris, Paris, France
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Eck M, Scouflaire T, Debien C, Amad A, Sannier O, Chan Chee C, Thomas P, Vaiva G, Fovet T. [Suicide in prison: Epidemiology and prevention]. Presse Med 2019; 48:46-54. [PMID: 30685227 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is one of the most important causes of death in prison around the world. In France, suicide rate for prisoners is 18.5 suicides per 10,000 inmates: seven times more common than in the general population. Among the risk factors identified in the literature, those most strongly associated with suicide in prison are physical isolation in custody, psychiatric history and history of suicide attempts. The prevention of suicide in prison involves several measures including treatment of psychiatric disorders, improvement of living conditions in custody, social support of prisoners and use of specific tools and programs by prison supervisors. No program for prevention of suicidal recurrence has ever been implemented. We propose to adapt « VigilanS », a program already applied in the general population, to the prison population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Eck
- CHU Lille, Pôle de Psychiatrie, unité CURE, 59000 Lille, France.
| | | | | | - Ali Amad
- CHU Lille, Pôle de Psychiatrie, unité CURE, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 9193, laboratoire de sciences cognitives et sciences affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Sannier
- Médecin conseil, Ecopolis, 53, avenue de l'Europe, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Christine Chan Chee
- Santé publique France, direction des maladies non transmissibles et traumatismes, 94415 Saint Maurice, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- CHU Lille, Pôle de Psychiatrie, unité CURE, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 9193, laboratoire de sciences cognitives et sciences affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- CHU Lille, Pôle de Psychiatrie, unité CURE, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 9193, laboratoire de sciences cognitives et sciences affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Fovet
- CHU Lille, Pôle de Psychiatrie, unité CURE, 59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 9193, laboratoire de sciences cognitives et sciences affectives (SCALab-PsyCHIC), 59000 Lille, France
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Chan Chee C, Chin F, Ha C, Beltzer N, Bonaldi C. Use of medical administrative data for the surveillance of psychotic disorders in France. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:386. [PMID: 29202735 PMCID: PMC5715638 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders are among the most severe psychiatric disorders that have great effects on the individuals and the society. For surveillance of chronic low prevalence conditions such as psychotic disorders, medical administrative databases can be useful due to their large coverage of the population, their continuous availability and low costs with possibility of linkage between different databases. The aims of this study are to identify the population with psychotic disorders by different algorithms based on the French medical administrative data and examine the prevalence and characteristics of this population in 2014. METHODS The health insurance system covers the entire population living in France and all reimbursements of ambulatory care in private practice are included in a national health insurance claim database, which can be linked with the national hospital discharge databases. Three algorithms were used to select most appropriately persons with psychotic disorders through data from hospital discharge databases, reimbursements for psychotropic medication and full insurance coverage for chronic and costly conditions. RESULTS In France in 2014, estimates of the number of individuals with psychotic disorders were 469,587 (54.6% males) including 237,808 with schizophrenia (63.6% males). Of those, 77.0% with psychotic disorders and 70.8% with schizophrenia received exclusively ambulatory care. Prevalence rates of psychotic disorders were 7.4 per 1000 inhabitants (8.3 in males and 6.4 in females) and 3.8 per 1000 inhabitants (4.9 in males and 2.6 in females) for schizophrenia. Prevalence of psychotic disorders reached a maximum of 14 per 1000 in males between 35 and 49 years old then decreased with age while in females, the highest rate of 10 per 1000 was reached at age 50 without decrease with advancing age. No such plateau was observed in schizophrenia. DISCUSSION This study is the first in France using an exhaustive sample of medical administrative data to derive prevalence rates for psychotic disorders. Although only individuals in contact with healthcare services were included, the rates were congruent with reported estimates from systematic reviews. The feasibility of this study will allow the implementation of a national surveillance of psychotic disorders essential for healthcare management and policy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chan Chee
- Direction of Non Communicable Diseases and Trauma, French National Public Health Agency, 12, rue du Val d’Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice cedex, France
| | - Francis Chin
- Direction of Non Communicable Diseases and Trauma, French National Public Health Agency, 12, rue du Val d’Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice cedex, France
| | - Catherine Ha
- Direction of Non Communicable Diseases and Trauma, French National Public Health Agency, 12, rue du Val d’Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Beltzer
- Direction of Non Communicable Diseases and Trauma, French National Public Health Agency, 12, rue du Val d’Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice cedex, France
| | - Christophe Bonaldi
- Direction of Non Communicable Diseases and Trauma, French National Public Health Agency, 12, rue du Val d’Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice cedex, France
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Younes N, Chee CC, Turbelin C, Hanslik T, Passerieux C, Melchior M. Particular difficulties faced by GPs with young adults who will attempt suicide: a cross-sectional study. BMC Fam Pract 2013; 14:68. [PMID: 23706018 PMCID: PMC3674947 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Suicide is a major public health problem in young people. General Practitioners (GPs) play a central role in suicide prevention. However data about how physicians deal with suicidal youths are lacking. This study aims to compare young adult suicide attempters (from 18 to 39 years old) with older adults in a primary care setting. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried. All suicide attempts (N=270) reported to the French Sentinel surveillance System from 2009 to 2011 were considered. We conducted comparison of data on the last GP’s consultation and GPs’ management in the last three months between young adults and older adults. Results In comparison with older adults, young adults consulted their GP less frequently in the month preceding the suicidal attempt (40.9 vs. 64.6%, p=.01). During the last consultation prior to the suicidal attempt, they expressed suicidal ideas less frequently (11.3 vs. 21.9%, p=.03). In the year preceding the suicidal attempt, GPs identified depression significantly less often (42.0 vs. 63.4%, p=.001). In the preceding three months, GPs realized significantly less interventions: less psychological support (37.5 vs. 53.0%, p=.02), prescribed less antidepressants (28.6 vs. 54.8%, p<.0001) or psychotropic drugs (39.1 vs. 52.9%, p=.03) and made fewer attempts to refer to a mental health specialist (33.3 vs. 45.5%, p=.05). Conclusion With young adults who subsequently attempt suicide, GPs face particular difficulties compared to older adults, as a significant proportion of young adults were not seen in the previous six months, as GPs identified less depressions in the preceding year and were less active in managing in the preceding three months. Medical training and continuing medical education should include better instruction on challenges relative to addressing suicide risk in this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Younes
- EA 40-47 Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles F-7800, France.
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Chan Chee C, Gourier-Fréry C, Guignard R, Beck F. [The current state of mental health surveillance in France]. Sante Publique 2011; 23 Suppl 6:S13-S29. [PMID: 22370071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of health surveillance is to contribute to health planning, information and prevention. Surveillance involves repeated data collections based on epidemiological studies and follow-up of data collected from medical-administrative databases. This paper provides an overview of mental health surveillance in France and examines the relevance and limitations of the collected data. METHOD The prevalence of major depressive episodes (MDE) in the general population was recently examined in seven studies. Among these studies, the Health Barometers involved two data collections at a five-year interval using the same method. Mortality and hospitalization data are important for suicide and suicide attempt (SA) surveillance. Health insurance databases provide key information about psychotropic drug use and serious psychiatric illnesses defined as long-term. RESULTS The prevalence of 12‑month MDE remained stable at 7.8% between 2005 and 2010. Mortality data show a suicide rate of 16 per 100,000 inhabitants. Hospital data show that the rate of hospitalization for SAs is approximately ten times that of suicide. Data from emergency wards indicate that approximately 220,000 SAs are admitted to hospital emergency services every year. Currently, depressive disorders are the primary reason for new admissions under the ALD23. DISCUSSION A comparison of data from different sources is required to provide a basis for mental health surveillance in France and to help identify those populations that need to be targeted as a matter of priority by prevention measures.
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Abstract
RATIONALE The association between asthma and anxiety disorders in teenagers is well documented, but data about the association with mood disorders are scarce. METHODS We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study conducted among ninth grade schoolchildren in France in 2003-2004. The teenagers were selected by two-stage sampling and interviewed by school doctors/nurses using a standardized questionnaire including questions about asthma and asthma-like symptoms. They also completed a self-administered questionnaire in which the occurrence of major depressive episodes (MDEs) during the past 12 months was assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form. RESULTS A total of 7000 teenagers (mean age 15.1 years) were included. The prevalence of wheezing in the past 12 months was 10.0% and that of current asthma (wheezing in the past 12 months in children who had already had asthma attacks, or treatment for wheezing or asthma in the past 12 months) was 8.5%. The prevalence of MDE during the past year was 14.2% in teenagers with current asthma versus 9.2% among the others. The association between current asthma and past-year MDE remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, family structure, and the father's employment status. Asthma was uncontrolled (at least four attacks of wheezing, one awakening per week due to wheezing, one severe wheezing, four unplanned medical visits, or one hospitalization for a wheezing attack in the past year) in more than half (58.3%) of asthmatic teenagers with an MDE in the past year versus 35.3% of those without an MDE. CONCLUSION Asthma is associated with a higher prevalence of MDE. Among adolescents with asthma, MDE is associated with poorer asthma control. These findings highlight the need for a comprehensive care management of asthma in France that takes the psychological dimension into account.
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Encrenaz G, Kovess-Masfty V, Sapinho D, Chee CC, Messiah A. Utilization of Mental Health Services and Risk of 12-month Problematic Alcohol Use. Am J Health Behav 2007. [DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.31.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Encrenaz G, Kovess-Masféty V, Sapinho D, Chee CC, Messiah A. Utilization of mental health services and risk of 12-month problematic alcohol use. Am J Health Behav 2007; 31:392-401. [PMID: 17511574 DOI: 10.5555/ajhb.2007.31.4.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether mental health service utilization modifies the association between lifetime anxiety or depressive disorders (ADD) and risk of 12-month problematic alcohol use. METHODS Randomly selected members (n=6518) of a mutual health-insurance company were evaluated for lifetime ADD (DSM-IV), mental health service utilization for ADD, and risk of 12-month problematic alcohol use (DSM-IV and CAGE). RESULTS Risk of 12-month problematic alcohol use was reduced when mental health services had been used for several ADD (OR=3.3 vs 5.8), but not for one ADD. CONCLUSIONS These results show the importance of taking mental health service use into account as a potential effect-modifier of psychiatric comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Encrenaz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Fédératif de Recherche en Santé Publique (IFR INSERM 99), Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 University, France.
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Chee CC, Mortier E, Dupont C, Bloch M, Simonpoli AM, Rouveix E. Medical and social differences between French and migrant patients consulting for the first time for HIV infection. AIDS Care 2005; 17:516-20. [PMID: 16036237 DOI: 10.1080/09540120412331291760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to describe the medical and social characteristics of patients consulting for the first time after diagnosis of HIV-infection and to compare the medical and social characteristics between French and migrant patients. From 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2002, all consecutive adults consulting for the first time for HIV infection in two HIV outpatient clinics located in the western suburb of Paris, agreed to an interview based on an administered questionnaire regarding their medical and socioeconomic characteristics. Of the 203 patients (98 women, 105 men), one-third (n=70) was of French nationality. Delay (+/-SD) in access to HIV outpatient clinic after diagnosis was shorter in migrant than in French patients, respectively 7.6+/-29.6 months (median=0.5, range=0 to 196.6) and 23.8+/-51.4 months (median=0.9, range=0 to 199.7); p=0.005. There was no significant difference in the medical characteristics between the two groups of patients on their first consultation. However, most of the migrants were living in very poor socio-economic conditions with minimal resources thus sometimes delaying initiation of HAART. The development of social facilities for HIV-positive migrants should be a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chee
- MGEN-Foundation for Public Health, Paris, France
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