1
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Nguyen J, Anderson J, Pepping CA. A systematic review and research agenda of internalized sexual stigma in sexual minority individuals: Evidence from longitudinal and intervention studies. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 108:102376. [PMID: 38218122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Internalized sexual stigma is a well-established risk factor for poor mental health among sexual minority individuals. However, there has been no synthesis of the literature pertaining to risk and protective factors that influence the development of internalized sexual stigma over time. This systematic review presents findings from 31 studies addressing this question (n = 9192); 23 studies examined psychosocial and sociodemographic predictors of internalized sexual stigma among sexual minority individuals, and eight studies tested the effects of psychological interventions on internalized sexual stigma. Longitudinal studies highlight the stability of internalized sexual stigma over time, and the role of stigma and discrimination, proximal minority stressors (e.g., outness, concealment), and psychological factors (e.g., depressive and anxious symptoms, coping styles, and demoralization) in predicting subsequent internalized sexual stigma. Demographic factors appear to play only a limited role in predicting subsequent internalized sexual stigma. Finally, most intervention studies found no significant effects in reducing internalized sexual stigma, with three exceptions finding significant intervention effects among young sexual minority individuals. We conclude by outlining a theory-driven model of internalized stigma and a research agenda to test more nuanced models of internalized stigma that include multifactorial risk indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Nguyen
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joel Anderson
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher A Pepping
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
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2
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Belmont N, Cronin TJ, Pepping CA. Affirmation-support, parental conflict, and mental health outcomes of transgender and gender diverse youth. Int J Transgend Health 2023; 25:50-62. [PMID: 38328589 PMCID: PMC10846426 DOI: 10.1080/26895269.2023.2252418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Background: Transgender and gender diverse young people (TGDY) are at higher risk of psychosocial distress relative to their cisgender counterparts. TGDY rely heavily on their parents to support their desired affirmation and to facilitate access to legal and medical affirmation. While it is well understood that parent conflict negatively impacts the well-being of children and young people, little is known about how parental conflict and parental affirmation support are related to TGDY well-being. Aims: The aim of the present study was to (1) explore affirmation experiences of TGDY, as reported by their parents, focusing in particular on parental support for affirmation and barriers to affirmation, and (2) test whether parental support and aspects of the coparenting relationship predicted TGDY mental health outcomes. Method: A sample of 63 parents (Mage = 45.71 years) of TGDY (aged 11 to 17 years) completed an online survey. Results: Almost 90% of the TGDY reported on had socially affirmed their gender, though fewer had taken steps to legally or medically affirm their gender. Parental support for affirmation was generally very high, and reported discrepancies between coparents were generally low; however, discrepancies were greatest for medical affirmation. Finally, parent support for affirmation was a strong predictor of lower TGDY depressive symptoms, though parental conflict did not predict TGDY mental health. Conclusion: Results highlight the important role of parental support for gender affirmation. Further research is needed to track the role of parental support and affirmation on TGDY well-being over time, and to ensure that such research is completed with more diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Belmont
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Cronin
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher A. Pepping
- School of Psychology & Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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3
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Worrell S, Waling A, Anderson J, Lyons A, Pepping CA, Bourne A. 'It feels meaningful': How informal mental health caregivers in an LGBTQ community interpret their work and their role. Cult Health Sex 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37705445 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2256833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Many members of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and gender diverse, and queer (LGBTQ) communities provide informal mental health support to peers. This type of support is valuable for people who receive it - even helping to prevent suicide. It is also meaningful to those who provide it. In this article, we focus on how LGBTQ people derive meaning from their experiences of supporting peers. In-depth interviews with 25 LGBTQ people in Melbourne, Australia, indicate that those providing informal mental health support to fellow community members recognise their roles as meaningful in three main ways: in terms of self, relationships and communities. Recognising the meanings that LGBTQ caregivers derive from helping fellow community members provides useful information service providers and policymakers seeking to better address mental distress in LGBTQ communities and support caregivers. It is useful to understand this meaningful work in an LGBTQ context as caregiving that challenges gendered and heteronormative assumptions about what care is, and who provides it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Worrell
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Waling
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joel Anderson
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Adam Bourne
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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4
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Nguyen J, Pepping CA. The application of ChatGPT in healthcare progress notes: A commentary from a clinical and research perspective. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1324. [PMID: 37394880 PMCID: PMC10315641 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Nguyen
- Centre for Youth Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christopher A. Pepping
- School of Psychology and Public HealthLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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5
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Nguyen J, Pepping CA. Prospective effects of internalized stigma on same-sex relationship satisfaction: The mediating role of depressive symptoms and couple conflict. J Consult Clin Psychol 2022; 90:184-194. [PMID: 35343726 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Same-sex couples face unique minority stressors that affect relationship functioning, yet remarkably little research has examined the mechanisms by which individual and partner experiences of internalized stigma affect relationships over time. Using actor-partner interdependence models, the present study examined the effects of internalized stigma on relationship satisfaction, and whether depressive symptoms and couple conflict mediated these effects. Hypotheses were tested cross-sectionally and prospectively across a 5-year period. METHOD Participants were 330 same-sex couples (n = 660 individuals; Mage = 39.5 years, SD = 10.8) who were assessed annually over a 5-year period. There were 109 male couples, 216 female couples, and five couples in which one partner did not identify with these labels. RESULTS There was a significant actor effect of internalized stigma on lower relationship satisfaction cross-sectionally and prospectively, and significant indirect actor-actor and actor-partner effects of internalized stigma on satisfaction via couple conflict cross-sectionally and prospectively. Finally, there was a cross-sectional indirect actor-actor effect of internalized stigma on relationship satisfaction via depressive symptoms, though depressive symptoms did not mediate any effects over time. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of considering both individual and interpersonal mediators of minority stress, particularly when investigating partner effects of minority stress on relationship satisfaction. Implications for research and clinical practice with same-sex couples are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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6
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Alba B, Lyons A, Waling A, Minichiello V, Hughes M, Barrett C, Fredriksen-Goldsen K, Edmonds S, Savage T, Pepping CA, Blanchard M. Factors Associated with Self-Reported PTSD Diagnosis among Older Lesbian Women and Gay Men. J Gerontol Soc Work 2022; 65:129-142. [PMID: 34114944 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.1939218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lesbian women and gay men are at greater risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than heterosexual people, however few studies have examined PTSD in older lesbian women and gay men. This study examined predictors of having ever been diagnosed with PTSD, as well as relationships to current quality of life, among 756 lesbian women and gay men aged 60 years and older in Australia. Participants were surveyed on their sociodemographic characteristics, experiences of sexual orientation discrimination over their lifetime, whether they had ever been diagnosed with PTSD, whether they were currently receiving treatment for PTSD, and their current quality of life. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, participants who reported having a PTSD diagnosis (11.2%) had significantly more frequent experiences of discrimination over their lifetime and were significantly less likely to currently be in a relationship. Older lesbian women were significantly more likely than older gay men to report ever having had a PTSD diagnosis. Additionally, having ever been diagnosed with PTSD significantly predicted current poorer quality of life. These findings suggest that a history of PTSD among older lesbian women and gay men is linked to experiences of discrimination and other factors, with associated links to current quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Alba
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne Australia
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Waling
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Victor Minichiello
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Justice, Faculty of Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Hughes
- School of Arts and Social Sciences, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Savage
- Silver Rainbow, LGBTIQ+ Health Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Michelle Blanchard
- SANE Australia, Melbourne, Australia
- Anne Deveson Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Worrell S, Waling A, Anderson J, Lyons A, Pepping CA, Bourne A. The Nature and Impact of Informal Mental Health Support in an LGBTQ Context: Exploring Peer Roles and Their Challenges. Sex Res Social Policy 2022; 19:1586-1597. [PMID: 35003381 PMCID: PMC8724749 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-021-00681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that LGBTQ communities experience high levels of suicidality and mental ill health. They also face significant barriers to accessing adequate mental health treatment in service settings. In response to these factors, it is likely that LGBTQ community members turn to their peers for informal mental health-related support. Such support, however, is largely undefined, the extent of it poorly understood and its impacts on those who perform it underexplored. METHODS We explored the nature and impact of informal mental health-related support provided by peers in LGBTQ communities in Melbourne, Australia. Drawing on semi-structured in-depth interviews with 25 LGBTQ adults in 2020, we explored how and why peers provided mental health support to friends, partners, housemates and even strangers and the impact this had on them. RESULTS We found that participants performed support roles as extensions of their existing relationships. We demonstrate that the support roles of the safe friend, housemate and partner, among others, represent everyday relationships stretched-even to breaking point-to incorporate informal mental health support. Each of these support roles is distinct, but they can all potentially result in similar impacts on those performing them. One of the more significant of these is burnout. CONCLUSIONS LGBTQ community members face a diverse range of challenges when they support peers with their mental health. Informal peer-support roles are a significant responsibility for those performing them. LGBTQ community members stepping up to support others should be better supported to help manage their roles and the impacts of performing them. POLICY IMPLICATIONS Findings can contribute to policy that not only addresses high levels of mental ill health in LGBTQ communities, but also seeks to help peers in support roles to prevent them from being negatively impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Worrell
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Waling
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joel Anderson
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Adam Bourne
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Cronin TJ, Pepping CA, Halford WK, Lyons A. Minority Stress and Psychological Outcomes in Sexual Minorities: The Role of Barriers to Accessing Services. J Homosex 2021; 68:2417-2429. [PMID: 32815799 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2020.1804264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are at higher risk for poor mental health than their heterosexual counterparts, and these disparities are largely accounted for by minority stressors. Less is known about the mechanisms underlying associations between minority stress and mental health. In a sample of 592 LGB adults (Mage = 29.39), we tested a model in which minority stress (internalized stigma, stigma consciousness, and lived discrimination) was associated with poor mental health when mediated by stigma-related barriers to accessing psychological services. Structural equation modeling revealed that minority stressors predicted more barriers to service use which, in turn, predicted poorer mental health outcomes. Internalized stigma was also directly associated with poor mental health. Results suggest that links between minority stress and poorer mental health in LGB individuals are at least partly explained by stigma-related barriers to accessing services. Future research is needed to investigate methods which may ameliorate these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Cronin
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - W Kim Halford
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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9
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Farhall J, Pepping CA, Cai RY, Cugnetto ML, Miller SD. Use of Psychics for Stress and Emotional Problems: A Descriptive Survey Comparison with Conventional Providers and Informal Helpers. Adm Policy Ment Health 2021; 49:326-342. [PMID: 34613488 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-021-01166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Conventional mental health treatments do not meet the needs of all who seek help: some consult informal and alternative providers. Researching the use and perceived benefits of these non-conventional sources of help may contribute to understanding help-seeking behavior and inform mental health policy. We explored the experiences of people consulting psychics (a type of alternative provider) for mental health needs, through comparisons with experiences of people consulting conventional and informal providers. An online survey sought feedback on help seeking for stress or emotional problems from 734 adults who had consulted a psychologist or counsellor; doctor or psychiatrist who prescribed medication; friend or family member; or psychic or similar alternative provider. Analyses included descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis of textual responses. Problems were commonly described in symptom or disorder terminology with considerable overlap across groups. Content analysis of reasons for choice of helper identified four main categories-functional, reasoned, emotional, and passive-which differed significantly across groups (Cramer's V = 0.26), with consulting psychics predominantly a reasoned choice. Ratings of overall effectiveness of help by those consulting psychics were greater than for the three other groups (d = 0.31 to 0.42), with very few adverse outcomes in any group. Help seeking for stress or emotional problems includes consultations with psychics or similar alternative providers, with self-reported outcomes better than for conventional providers. Further research is warranted to establish whether psychic consultations may serve a useful public health function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Farhall
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
- Academic Psychology Unit, NorthWestern Mental Health, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Epping, Australia.
| | - Christopher A Pepping
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Ru Ying Cai
- Aspect Research Centre for Autism Practice, Autism Spectrum Australia, Flemington, Australia
- Department of Educational Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marilyn L Cugnetto
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
- Academic Psychology Unit, NorthWestern Mental Health, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Epping, Australia
| | - Scott D Miller
- International Center for Clinical Excellence, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Marsland S, Treyvaud K, Pepping CA. Prevalence and risk factors associated with perinatal depression in sexual minority women. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:611-621. [PMID: 34302411 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal depression is associated with wide-ranging negative outcomes for women and their families, though little research has examined perinatal depression in sexual minority women. We examined depression in sexual minority women in the perinatal period, and whether there were unique minority stress-related risk and protective factors that predicted perinatal depression. One hundred ninety-four perinatal sexual minority women aged 18 years and older were recruited from the US and Australia. Participants completed an online questionnaire incorporating the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and measures of minority stress and social support. Over one third (35.6%) of the sample scored in the clinical range on the EPDS. Experiences of discrimination were associated with greater depression symptoms via poor social support from family. Higher concealment motivation was associated with greater depression symptoms via poor family and partner support. There were no direct or indirect effects of internalized stigma on depression. Rates of clinically elevated perinatal depression symptoms among sexual minority women are high, extending previous research demonstrating mental health disparities between sexual minorities and their heterosexual counterparts to the perinatal period. The role of social support in mediating the relationships between minority stress and depression suggests that increasing partner and family support might be effective targets for therapeutic interventions during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Marsland
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karli Treyvaud
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher A Pepping
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Lim G, Waling A, Lyons A, Pepping CA, Brooks A, Bourne A. Trans and Gender-Diverse peoples' experiences of crisis helpline services. Health Soc Care Community 2021; 29:672-684. [PMID: 33704863 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crisis helplines are typically easily accessible and deliver interventions in a timely manner, regardless of geographical location. The efficacy and user experiences of these services are the subject of considerable interest within the field, but the experiences of trans and gender-diverse individuals remain unexplored despite high rates of mental ill health being documented in this population. A total of 134 trans and gender-diverse Australians were surveyed about their experiences of personal crises and of utilising crisis helplines. Within our sample, 84.2% (n = 113) of participants recognised at least one service - however, only 32.8% (n = 44) utilised a service to cope with a personal crisis. Participants cited poor recognition and understanding of the challenges specific to trans and gender-diverse individuals among helpline workers as a primary reason for avoiding these services, and articulated needs which were a poor fit for the one-off intervention model commonly employed by helpline services. In order for helpline services to be viable avenues of support for trans and gender-diverse individuals during a personal crisis, helpline workers must be sufficiently equipped to work with trans and gender-diverse callers and to facilitate their enrolment in 'traditional' mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Lim
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Waling
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Anna Brooks
- Lifeline Research Foundation, Canberra, Australia
| | - Adam Bourne
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Lim G, Waling A, Lyons A, Pepping CA, Brooks A, Bourne A. The experiences of lesbian, gay and bisexual people accessing mental health crisis support helplines in Australia. Psychology & Sexuality 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2021.1904274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gene Lim
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health & Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Waling
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health & Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health & Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Anna Brooks
- Lifeline Research Foundation, Canberra, Australia
| | - Adam Bourne
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health & Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Cronin TJ, Pepping CA, Halford WK, Lyons A. Mental health help-seeking and barriers to service access among lesbian, gay, and bisexual Australians. Australian Psychologist 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.1890981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Cronin
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - W. Kim Halford
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Hafner N, Pepping CA, Wertheim EH. Dispositional mindfulness, rejection sensitivity, and behavioural responses to rejection: The role of emotion regulation. Australian Journal of Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuala Hafner
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia,
| | | | - Eleanor H. Wertheim
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia,
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15
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Pepping CA, O'donovan A, Zimmer‐gembeck MJ, Hanisch M. Is emotion regulation the process underlying the relationship between low mindfulness and psychosocial distress? Australian Journal of Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Pepping
- School of Applied Psychology and Griffith Health Institute, Behavioural Basis of Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Analise O'donovan
- School of Applied Psychology and Griffith Health Institute, Behavioural Basis of Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Melanie J. Zimmer‐gembeck
- School of Applied Psychology and Griffith Health Institute, Behavioural Basis of Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Michelle Hanisch
- School of Applied Psychology and Griffith Health Institute, Behavioural Basis of Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Cronin
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria,
| | | | - Analise O'donovan
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland,
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland,
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17
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Pepping CA, Halford WK, Cronin TJ, Lyons A. Couple Relationship Education for Same-Sex Couples: A Preliminary Evaluation of Rainbow CoupleCARE. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15332691.2020.1746458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Kim Halford
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Cronin
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Lyons A, Alba B, Waling A, Minichiello V, Hughes M, Barrett C, Fredriksen-Goldsen K, Edmonds S, Pepping CA. Comfort Among Older Lesbian and Gay People in Disclosing Their Sexual Orientation to Health and Aged Care Services. J Appl Gerontol 2020; 40:132-141. [PMID: 32478630 DOI: 10.1177/0733464820925330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Being comfortable in disclosing one's sexual orientation to health and aged care providers is important for older lesbian and gay adults, given that nondisclosure is associated with poorer health and well-being outcomes. In a sample of 752 lesbian and gay adults aged 60 years and older living in Australia, we found only 51% of lesbian women and 64% of gay men felt fully comfortable to disclose their sexual orientation to health and aged care service providers. For both the women and the men, those who felt fully comfortable to disclose reported significantly less internalized homophobia; had fewer experiences of discrimination in the past year; and reported greater lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) community connectedness. Feeling fully comfortable was also predicted by fewer experiences of lifetime discrimination among the men. These findings may help those seeking to assist older lesbian and gay people in feeling comfortable and being open with health and aged care service providers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Victor Minichiello
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Hughes
- Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Samantha Edmonds
- National LGBTI Health Alliance, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Pepping CA, Cronin TJ, Halford WK, Lyons A. Minority Stress and Same-Sex Relationship Satisfaction: The Role of Concealment Motivation. Fam Process 2019; 58:496-508. [PMID: 29709056 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Most lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people want a stable, satisfying romantic relationship. Although many of the predictors of relationship outcomes are similar to those of heterosexual couples, same-sex couples face some additional challenges associated with minority stress that also impact upon relationship quality. Here, we investigate the association between minority stressors and relationship quality in a sample of 363 adults (M age = 30.37, SD = 10.78) currently in a same-sex romantic relationship. Internalized homophobia and difficulties accepting one's LGB identity were each negatively associated with relationship satisfaction via heightened concealment motivation. We also examined the protective role of identity affirmation on relationship quality, finding a direct positive relationship between the two variables. Minority stressors were negatively associated with couple relationship satisfaction via heightened concealment motivation. The finding that identity affirmation directly predicted increased couple satisfaction also highlights the important role of protective factors in same-sex couple relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Pepping
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Timothy J Cronin
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - W Kim Halford
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Abstract
The number of people who remain single for long periods of time is sizeable and growing in the Western world, yet they are largely ignored in psychological theory and research. In this article, we review psychological and sociological evidence that long-term singles are a heterogeneous group of individuals, outline an attachment-theoretical model of long-term singlehood, and review direct and indirect empirical evidence suggestive of at least three distinct subgroups of long-term singles: (a) singlehood due to attachment-system deactivation, (b) singlehood due to attachment-system hyperactivation, and (c) singlehood as a secure personal choice. Our aim is to highlight long-term singles as a population that merits scientific study and to provide a foundation on which future research can build.
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21
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Pepping CA, Cronin TJ, Lyons A, Caldwell JG. The Effects of Mindfulness on Sexual Outcomes: The Role of Emotion Regulation. Arch Sex Behav 2018; 47:1601-1612. [PMID: 29453643 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-1127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Individuals higher in dispositional mindfulness, a quality of non-judgmental attention to the present moment, fare better than their less mindful counterparts on a wide range of psychological and interpersonal outcomes. However, remarkably little is known about the potential influence of dispositional mindfulness on sexual outcomes. Here we investigated whether dispositional mindfulness was associated with a range of sexual outcomes, including sexual satisfaction, sexual hyperactivation (heightened sexual desire and worry), sexual deactivation (suppression of sexual desire and behavior), and problematic pornography use. We also tested whether capacity for emotion regulation was the mechanism underlying the mindfulness-sexual outcome association. These hypotheses were tested in two samples: a sample of adults in a committed romantic relationship (N = 407) and a group of adults who were long-term single (N = 400). Across both samples, dispositional mindfulness predicted more adaptive sexual outcomes, and emotion regulation generally mediated these associations. Of particular importance, the positive effects of dispositional mindfulness on sexual outcomes appear to generalize across relationship statuses, with both partnered and long-term single individuals displaying a similar pattern of results. These findings highlight that high dispositional mindfulness may predict a range of positive sexual outcomes in both partnered and single individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Pepping
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Cronin
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Jon G Caldwell
- Department of Psychiatry, The Meadows, Wickenburg, AZ, 85390, USA
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22
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23
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Plusnin N, Pepping CA, Kashima ES. The Role of Close Relationships in Terror Management: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 2018; 22:307-346. [DOI: 10.1177/1088868317753505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Terror management theory outlines how humans seek self-esteem and worldview validation to manage death-related anxiety. Accumulating evidence reveals that close relationships serve a similar role. However, to date, there has been no synthesis of the literature that delineates when close relationships buffer mortality concerns, under what conditions, on which specific outcomes, and for whom. This systematic review presents over two decades of research to address these questions. Findings from 73 reviewed studies revealed that close relationships serve an important role in buffering death-related anxiety. A range of dispositional and situational moderating factors influence either the activation or inhibition of relational strivings to manage heightened death awareness, the most influential being attachment, gender, and relationship-contingent self-esteem. These findings were integrated into an overarching model that highlights some of the conditions under which mortality salience (MS) influences relational outcomes. We conclude by highlighting a range of theoretical and methodological concerns to be addressed by future research.
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Gordon A, Davis PJ, Patterson S, Pepping CA, Scott JG, Salter K, Connell M. A randomized waitlist control community study of Social Cognition and Interaction Training for people with schizophrenia. Br J Clin Psychol 2017; 57:116-130. [DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gordon
- Metro North Mental Health; Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Herston; Queensland Australia
| | - Penelope J. Davis
- School of Applied Psychology; Griffith University; Mt Gravatt Queensland Australia
| | - Susan Patterson
- Metro North Mental Health; Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Herston; Queensland Australia
- School of Applied Psychology; Griffith University; Mt Gravatt Queensland Australia
| | | | - James G. Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research; The Park Centre for Mental Health; Wacol Queensland Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research; Faculty of Medicine; The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; The University of Queensland; Herston Queensland Australia
| | - Kerri Salter
- Child Development Service; Gold Coast Community Health; Southport Queensland Australia
| | - Melissa Connell
- Metro North Mental Health; Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Herston; Queensland Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research; Faculty of Medicine; The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital; The University of Queensland; Herston Queensland Australia
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25
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Halford WK, Pepping CA. An ecological model of mediators of change in Couple Relationship Education. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 13:39-43. [PMID: 28813291 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Couple Relationship Education (RE) seeks to enrich couples' relationships, and assist them to manage stressful life events [1]. In the current paper we present an ecological model of couple relationships intended to guide the practice of RE, analyze the mediators of RE effects, and suggest future research needs to assess moderators and mediators of RE effects in order to enhance the impact of RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kim Halford
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
| | - Christopher A Pepping
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia
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Lyons A, Pepping CA. Prospective effects of social support on internalized homonegativity and sexual identity concealment among middle-aged and older gay men: a longitudinal cohort study. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 2017; 30:585-597. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2017.1330465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Pepping CA, Lyons A, McNair R, Kirby JN, Petrocchi N, Gilbert P. A tailored compassion-focused therapy program for sexual minority young adults with depressive symotomatology: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychol 2017; 5:5. [PMID: 28249624 PMCID: PMC5333442 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-017-0175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) men and women represent one of the highest-risk populations for depressive symptomatology and disorders, with young LGB adults being at greatest risk. To date, there have been no randomized controlled trials (RCT) to specifically target depressive symptoms in young LGB adults. This is despite research highlighting unique predictors of depressive symptomatology in this population. Here we outline a protocol for an RCT that will test the preliminary efficacy of a tailored compassion-focused therapy (CFT) intervention for young LGB adults compared with a self-directed cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program with no specific tailoring for LGB individuals. Methods The CFT intervention consists of 8 units with self-directed reading and activities tailored to LGB young adults, and 8 x weekly 1-hour consultations with a therapist. The CBT intervention consists of 8 units with self-guided reading and activities, with 1 x 1-hour session with a therapist at the mid-point of therapy. Fifty LGB individuals with scores of 13 or above on the Beck Depression Inventory-II will be randomized to either the CFT or CBT condition. The primary outcome measure is depressive symptomatology. Secondary outcome measures are symptoms of anxiety, suicidal ideation, internalized homophobia, self-compassion, and shame and guilt proneness. Assessments will occur at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at 3-month post-intervention. Discussion This study is an RCT to test the preliminary efficacy of an LGB-tailored compassion-focused intervention for young LGB adults with depressive symptomatology. If this intervention is efficacious, this could begin to address the substantial mental health disparities amongst sexual minorities. Trial registration ACTRN12616001018404. Prospective registration, registered 02/08/2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruth McNair
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James N Kirby
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola Petrocchi
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, John Cabot University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Gilbert
- Department of Psychology, University of Derby, Derby, UK
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Abstract
Attachment theorists have described the parent–child attachment relationship as a foundation for the emergence and development of children’s capacity for emotion regulation and coping with stress. The purpose of this review was to summarize the existing research addressing this issue. We identified 23 studies that employed validated assessments of attachment, which were not based on self-report questionnaires, and separated the summary into findings for toddlers/preschool, children, and adolescents. Although most associations were weak and only a minority of the multiple possible associations tested was supported in each study, all studies (but one) reported at least one significant association between attachment and emotion regulation or coping. The evidence pointed to the regulatory and coping problems of toddlers showing signs of ambivalent attachment or the benefits of secure (relative to insecure) attachment for toddlers, children, and adolescents. Toddlers who showed signs of avoidant attachment relied more on self-related regulation (or less social-oriented regulation and coping), but it was not clear whether these responses were maladaptive. There was little information available regarding associations of ambivalent attachment with school-age children’s or adolescents’ emotion regulation. There were also few studies that assessed disorganized attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Haley J. Webb
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
| | | | - Kellie Swan
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Ourania Merlo
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
| | | | - Elbina Avdagic
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Michelle Dunbar
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
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Abstract
Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of couple therapy find large improvements in couple adjustment, but published evaluations of the effectiveness of couple therapy in routine practice find only small-to-moderate effects. The current study analyzes possible explanations for the research-efficacy to practice-effectiveness gap and offers suggestions for enhancing couple therapy effectiveness. Major recommendations are that therapists should clarify whether couples' therapy goal is to clarify commitment to the relationship or to improve the relationship; use standardized assessment of the individual partners and the relationship; and use systematic monitoring of therapy progress and the therapeutic alliance. It is also possible that the greater use of evidence-based therapies when treating couple relationship distress could enhance couple therapy outcome.
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Janz P, Pepping CA, Halford WK. Individual differences in dispositional mindfulness and initial romantic attraction: A speed dating experiment. Personality and Individual Differences 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kendall E, Maujean A, Pepping CA, Downes M, Lakhani A, Byrne J, Macfarlane K. A systematic review of the efficacy of equine-assisted interventions on psychological outcomes. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13642537.2014.996169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pepping CA, O’Donovan A, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Hanisch M. Individual differences in attachment and eating pathology: The mediating role of mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pepping CA, Halford WK, Doss BD. Can we predict failure in couple therapy early enough to enhance outcome? Behav Res Ther 2015; 65:60-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pepping CA, Davis PJ, O'Donovan A, Pal J. Individual Differences in Self-Compassion: The Role of Attachment and Experiences of Parenting in Childhood. Self and Identity 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2014.955050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pepping CA, Halford WK. Attachment and relationship satisfaction in expectant first-time parents: The mediating role of relationship enhancing behaviors. Journal of Research in Personality 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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