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Subramanian C, Frank MW, Sukhun R, Henry CE, Wade A, Harden ME, Rao S, Tangallapally R, Yun MK, White SW, Lee RE, Sinha U, Rock CO, Jackowski S. Pantothenate Kinase Activation Restores Brain Coenzyme A in a Mouse Model of Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:171-180. [PMID: 37875310 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is characterized by a motor disorder with combinations of dystonia, parkinsonism, and spasticity, leading to premature death. PKAN is caused by mutations in the PANK2 gene that result in loss or reduction of PANK2 protein function. PANK2 is one of three kinases that initiate and regulate coenzyme A biosynthesis from vitamin B5, and the ability of BBP-671, an allosteric activator of pantothenate kinases, to enter the brain and elevate coenzyme A was investigated. The metabolic stability, protein binding, and membrane permeability of BBP-671 all suggest that it has the physical properties required to cross the blood-brain barrier. BBP-671 was detected in plasma, liver, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain following oral administration in rodents, demonstrating the ability of BBP-671 to penetrate the brain. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of orally administered BBP-671 evaluated in cannulated rats showed that coenzyme A (CoA) concentrations were elevated in blood, liver, and brain. BBP-671 elevation of whole-blood acetyl-CoA served as a peripheral pharmacodynamic marker and provided a suitable method to assess target engagement. BBP-671 treatment elevated brain coenzyme A concentrations and improved movement and body weight in a PKAN mouse model. Thus, BBP-671 crosses the blood-brain barrier to correct the brain CoA deficiency in a PKAN mouse model, resulting in improved locomotion and survival and providing a preclinical foundation for the development of BBP-671 as a potential treatment of PKAN. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The blood-brain barrier represents a major hurdle for drugs targeting brain metabolism. This work describes the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of BBP-671, a pantothenate kinase activator. BBP-671 crosses the blood-brain barrier to correct the neuron-specific coenzyme A (CoA) deficiency and improve motor function in a mouse model of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. The central role of CoA and acetyl-CoA in intermediary metabolism suggests that pantothenate kinase activators may be useful in modifying neurological metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Subramanian
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Matthew W Frank
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Rajaa Sukhun
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Christopher E Henry
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Anna Wade
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Mallory E Harden
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Satish Rao
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Rajendra Tangallapally
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Mi-Kyung Yun
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Stephen W White
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Richard E Lee
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Uma Sinha
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Charles O Rock
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
| | - Suzanne Jackowski
- Departments of Infectious Diseases (C.S., M.W.F., C.O.R., S.J.), Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (R.T., R.E.L.), Structural Biology (M.-K.Y., S.W.W.), and St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (S.W.W.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee (S.W.W., C.O.R.); and CoA Therapeutics, Inc., a BridgeBio Pharma, Inc. Company, Palo Alto, California (R.S., C.E.H., A.W., M.E.H., S.R., U.S.)
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Yuwono NL, Alonso A, Abbott J, Houshdaran S, Henry CE, Rodgers R, Ford CE, Warton K. Circulating cell-free endometrial DNA level is unaltered during menstruation and in endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:2560-2569. [PMID: 36166696 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is circulating cell-free DNA (cirDNA) from the endometrium elevated during menstruation and in endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER Endometrial cirDNA does not increase during menstruation and is not elevated in endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Changes in cirDNA associated with common benign conditions are a potential source of false positives in cancer diagnostic applications, but also present an opportunity for biomarker development for diseases such as endometriosis. Elevated cirDNA has been reported in endometriosis patients compared to healthy community controls, but no difference in total or endometrial cirDNA has been found between patients with endometriosis and patients with other gynaecological conditions. Likewise, menstruation is a potential driver of changes in cirDNA levels and tissue profile, but total and endothelial cirDNA do not increase during menstruation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION For endometriosis comparisons, 59 participants with surgically confirmed endometriosis and 27 laparoscopic patients without endometriosis (hospital controls) were prospectively recruited, while 25 healthy community participants (healthy controls) were recruited in a university setting. Total and endometrial cirDNA and cirDNA fragmentation were measured across the three groups. For menstrual comparisons, 36 matched non-menstruating and menstruating samples were collected from healthy women recruited within a university setting, and the endometrial cirDNA was compared between the two groups. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS cirDNA was extracted from venous blood plasma then quantitated by quantitative PCR of ALU repetitive element (115 bp) and TP53 gene sequence (105 bp) for total concentration. cirDNA derived from the endometrium was quantitated by methylation-specific droplet digital PCR of a FAM101A region (69 bp) after bisulfite conversion of the DNA. A cirDNA size fragmentation ratio was obtained by quantifying a long segment of ALU repetitive element (247 bp) and expressing the amount relative to the 115 bp ALU target. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE No differences in cirDNA level were found in any comparison populations in this study. Mean total cirDNA was unchanged between healthy controls (ALU-115-3.31 ng/ml; TP53-2.73 ng/ml), hospital controls (ALU-115-3.47 ng/ml; TP53-2.83 ng/ml) and endometriosis patients (ALU-115-3.35 ng/ml; TP53-2.66 ng/ml). Likewise, endometrial cirDNA was unchanged between healthy controls (18.3 copies/ml), hospital controls (20.6 copies/ml) and endometriosis patients (22 copies/ml). Endometrial cirDNA did not change during menstruation (non-menstruating: 38 copies/ml; menstruating: 33 copies/ml). Irrespective of endometriosis diagnosis, blood from patients undergoing laparoscopy (hospital controls: 0.77; endometriosis patients: 0.79), had a significantly higher cirDNA size ratio than community-recruited healthy controls (0.64), indicating increased abundance of long cirDNA fragments. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION It was not possible to completely match the age, BMI and parity between the three cohorts investigated, however of these, only age has been shown to influence circulating DNA levels and not within the age range of our cohort. Blood from community-recruited healthy women and women undergoing laparoscopy was collected via antecubital vein venepuncture (processed within 3 h) and with either peripheral cannula or venepuncture (processed within 6 h), respectively, which could potentially impact the size distribution of circulating DNA fragments. For the collection of non-menstruating phase blood samples, we did not differentiate between follicular phase, ovulation and luteal phase. Thus, only the mensturating samples were collected at a consistent phase, and any fluctuations in cirDNA that occur at the other phases may have obscured small changes during menstruation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS There is no evidence that cirDNA has potential as a diagnostic biomarker for endometriosis. Endometriosis, representing a common benign gynaecological condition, and menstruation, representing a normal physiological occurrence in women, should not affect methylation-based diagnostics in other disease areas, including oncology. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) N.L.Y.: Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Stipend through The University of New South Wales, Translational Cancer Research Network PhD Scholarship Top-Up Award via the Cancer Institute NSW, Beth Yarrow Memorial Award in Medical Science, UNSW Completion Scholarship; C.E.H.: Gynaecological Oncology Fund of the Royal Hospital for Women; K.W.: Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation and CAMILLA AND MARC. C.E.F.: UNSW Women's Wellbeing Academy and the Australian Human Rights Institute. We declare the following competing interest: K.W. holds stock in Guardant Health, Exact Sciences and Epigenomics AG. No other authors have competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Yuwono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Alonso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecological Research and Clinical Evaluation (GRACE) Unit, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Houshdaran
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C E Henry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Rodgers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C E Ford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K Warton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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