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Monroe JC, Pae BJ, Kargl C, Gavin TP, Parker J, Perkins SM, Han Y, Klein J, Motaganahalli RL, Roseguini BT. Effects of home-based leg heat therapy on walking performance in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: a pilot randomized trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:546-560. [PMID: 35771219 PMCID: PMC9448284 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00143.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Few noninvasive therapies currently exist to improve functional capacity in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that unsupervised, home-based leg heat therapy (HT) using water-circulating trousers perfused with warm water would improve walking performance in patients with PAD. Patients with symptomatic PAD were randomized into either leg HT (n = 18) or a sham treatment (n = 16). Patients were provided with water-circulating trousers and a portable pump and were asked to apply the therapy daily (7 days/wk, 90 min/session) for 8 wk. The primary study outcome was the change from baseline in 6-min walk distance at 8-wk follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the claudication onset-time, peak walking time, peak pulmonary oxygen consumption and peak blood pressure during a graded treadmill test, resting blood pressure, the ankle-brachial index, postocclusive reactive hyperemia in the calf, cutaneous microvascular reactivity, and perceived quality of life. Of the 34 participants randomized, 29 completed the 8-wk follow-up. The change in 6-min walk distance at the 8-wk follow-up was significantly higher (P = 0.029) in the group exposed to HT than in the sham-treated group (Sham: median: -0.9; 25%, 75% percentiles: -5.8, 14.3; HT: median: 21.3; 25%, 75% percentiles: 10.1, 42.4, P = 0.029). There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes between the HT and sham group at 8-wk follow-up. The results of this pilot study indicate that unsupervised, home-based leg HT is safe, well-tolerated, and elicits a clinically meaningful improvement in walking tolerance in patients with symptomatic PAD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first sham-controlled trial to examine the effects of home-based leg heat therapy (HT) on walking performance in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We demonstrate that unsupervised HT using water-circulating trousers is safe, well-tolerated, and elicits meaningful changes in walking ability in patients with symptomatic PAD. This home-based treatment option is practical, painless, and may be a feasible adjunctive therapy to counteract the decline in lower extremity physical function in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Monroe
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Byung Joon Pae
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Christopher Kargl
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jason Parker
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Susan M Perkins
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Janet Klein
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Raghu L Motaganahalli
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Kim K, Kargl C, Ro B, Song Q, Stein K, Gavin TP, Roseguini BT. Neither Peristaltic Pulse Dynamic Compressions nor Heat Therapy Accelerate Glycogen Resynthesis after Intermittent Running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2425-2435. [PMID: 34107509 PMCID: PMC8516698 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a single session of either peristaltic pulse dynamic leg compressions (PPDC) or local heat therapy (HT) after prolonged intermittent shuttle running on skeletal muscle glycogen content, muscle function, and the expression of factors involved in skeletal muscle remodeling. METHODS Twenty-six trained individuals were randomly allocated to either a PPDC (n = 13) or a HT (n = 13) group. After completing a 90-min session of intermittent shuttle running, participants consumed 0.3 g·kg-1 protein plus 1.0 g·kg-1 carbohydrate and received either PPDC or HT for 60 min in one randomly selected leg, while the opposite leg served as control. Muscle biopsies from both legs were obtained before and after exposure to the treatments. Muscle function and soreness were also evaluated before, immediately after, and 24 h after the exercise bout. RESULTS The changes in glycogen content were similar (P > 0.05) between the thigh exposed to PPDC and the control thigh ~90 min (Control: 14.9 ± 34.3 vs PPDC: 29.6 ± 34 mmol·kg-1 wet wt) and ~210 min (Control: 45.8 ± 40.7 vs PPDC: 52 ± 25.3 mmol·kg-1 wet wt) after the treatment. There were also no differences in the change in glycogen content between thighs ~90 min (Control: 35.9 ± 26.1 vs HT: 38.7 ± 21.3 mmol·kg-1 wet wt) and ~210 min (Control: 61.4 ± 50.6 vs HT: 63.4 ± 17.5 mmol·kg-1 wet wt) after local HT. The changes in peak torque and fatigue resistance of the knee extensors, muscle soreness, and the mRNA expression and protein abundance of select factors were also similar (P > 0.05) in both thighs, irrespective of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS A single 1-h session of either PPDC or local HT does not accelerate glycogen resynthesis and the recovery of muscle function after prolonged intermittent shuttle running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Bohyun Ro
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Qifan Song
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kimberly Stein
- Gatorade Sport Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, IL
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Sullivan B, Ellis A, Kargl C, Kuang S, Gavin T. Effect of PGC1‐α Overexpression on Cardiotoxin‐Induced Damage and Repair of Human Myotubes. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.03707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Sullivan
- Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance LaboratoryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN
| | - Allison Ellis
- Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance LaboratoryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN
| | - Christopher Kargl
- Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance LaboratoryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN
| | | | - Timothy Gavin
- Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance LaboratoryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN
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Middleton D, Kargl C, Brault J, Gavin T. Overexpression Of PGC-1α In Human Primary Myotubes Increases Regulators Of Exosome Biogenesis And Secretion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000685612.76639.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nie Y, Sato Y, Garner RT, Kargl C, Wang C, Kuang S, Gilpin CJ, Gavin TP. Skeletal muscle-derived exosomes regulate endothelial cell functions via reactive oxygen species-activated nuclear factor-κB signalling. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1262-1273. [PMID: 31115069 DOI: 10.1113/ep087396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Capillary rarefaction is found in diabetic and aged muscle, whereas exercise increases skeletal muscle angiogenesis. The association implies a crosstalk between muscle cells and endothelial cells. The underlying mechanisms mediating the crosstalk between these cells remains to be elucidated fully. What is the main finding and its importance? Endothelial cell functions are regulated by skeletal muscle cell-derived exosomes via a vascular endothelial growth factor-independent pathway. This study reveals a new mechanism mediating the crosstalk between skeletal muscle cells and endothelial cells. ABSTRACT Loss of skeletal muscle capillarization, known as capillary rarefaction, is found in type 2 diabetes, chronic heart failure and healthy ageing and is associated with impaired delivery of substrates to the muscle. However, the interaction and communication of skeletal muscle with endothelial cells in the regulation of capillaries surrounding the muscle remains elusive. Exosomes are a type of secreted extracellular vesicle containing mRNAs, proteins and, especially, microRNAs that exert paracrine and endocrine effects. In this study, we investigated whether skeletal muscle-derived exosomes (SkM-Exo) regulate the endothelial cell functions of angiogenesis. We demonstrated that C2C12 myotube-derived exosomes improved endothelial cell functions, assessed by the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which were increased by 20, 23 and 40%, respectively, after SkM-Exo exposure. The SkM-Exo failed to activate HUVEC vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling. The SkM-Exo increased HUVEC reactive oxygen species and activated the nuclear factor-κB pathway, suggesting that SkM-Exo-induced angiogenesis was mediated by a VEGF-independent pathway. In addition, several angiogenic microRNAs were packaged in SkM-Exo, with miR-130a being particularly enriched and successfully transferred from SkM-Exo to HUVECs. Delivery of miRNAs into endothelial cells might explain the enhancement of reactive oxygen species production and angiogenesis by SkM-Exo. The potential angiogenic effect of SkM-Exo could provide an effective therapy for promoting skeletal muscle angiogenesis in diseases characterized by capillary rarefaction or inadequate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907.,Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907.,Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yoriko Sato
- Department of United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ron T Garner
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907.,Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
| | - Christopher Kargl
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907.,Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Christopher J Gilpin
- Agricultural Research and Graduate Education, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907.,Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
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Kargl C, Arshad M, Salman F, Schurman RC, Del Corral P. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-II activity is affected by grapefruit juice and intense muscular work. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2017; 61:556-561. [PMID: 28977167 PMCID: PMC10522063 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The enzymatic activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11β-HSD2) is key to protecting mineral corticoid receptors from cortisol and has been implicated in blood pressure regulation. Grapefruit juice (GFJ) and acidity are thought to inhibit this enzyme in vitro. This study examines the effect of GFJ and intense exercise on 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity in vivo. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Eighteen subjects ingested GFJ or apple juice (CON) on separate days prior to reporting to the laboratory in a randomized order. Saliva (Sal) samples were obtained at baseline, 15 and 45 minutes post-treadmill stress test; Sal cortisone (E) and cortisol (F) levels were determined, and the Sal cortisone:cortisol (E:F) ratio was used as an index of 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity at rest and after intense muscular work. RESULTS GFJ treatment decreased baseline 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity (44%) and Sal-E (28%) compared to CON (both, p < 0.05). Sal-E (r = 0.61, p < 0.05) and Sal-F (r = 0.66, p < 0.05) were correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in GFJ-treated individuals. Treadmill stress significantly increased Sal-E and Sal-F but did not alter 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity regardless of treatment. When treatments were examined separately, CON 11β-HSD2 enzyme activity decreased by 36% (p < 0.05) from baseline to 15 post-treadmill exercise. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that GFJ and intense muscular work decrease 11β-HSD-2 activity independently, and no additive effect was noted. The association between DBP and the levels of Sal-F and Sal-E during the GFJ trial should be interpreted cautiously and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kargl
- Department of Biological SciencesBenedictine UniversityLisleILDepartment of Biological Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL
| | - Mohammad Arshad
- Department of Biological SciencesBenedictine UniversityLisleILDepartment of Biological Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL
| | - Fahad Salman
- Department of Biological SciencesBenedictine UniversityLisleILDepartment of Biological Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL
| | - Regina C. Schurman
- Department of Biological SciencesBenedictine UniversityLisleILDepartment of Biological Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL
| | - Pedro Del Corral
- Department of Biological SciencesBenedictine UniversityLisleILDepartment of Biological Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL
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Del Corral P, Kargl C, Coughlin C, Ocampo A, Arshad M, Foote D, Nadolski J, Schurman RC. Effect Of Grapefruit Juice And Exercise On Plasma Cortisol And Salivary 11β-HYDROXYSTEROID-DEHYDROGENASE activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000476600.20220.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schurman R, Arshad M, Ocampo A, Kargl C, Coughlin C, Foote D, Nadolski J, Del Corral P. The Effect Of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-htp) And Intense Exercise On Plasma And Salivary Cortisol. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000476601.20220.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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