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Kargl CK, Jia Z, Shera DA, Sullivan BP, Burton LC, Kim KH, Nie Y, Hubal MJ, Shannahan JH, Kuang S, Gavin TP. Angiogenic potential of skeletal muscle derived extracellular vesicles differs between oxidative and glycolytic muscle tissue in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18943. [PMID: 37919323 PMCID: PMC10622454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers regulate surrounding endothelial cells (EC) via secretion of numerous angiogenic factors, including extracellular vesicles (SkM-EV). Muscle fibers are broadly classified as oxidative (OXI) or glycolytic (GLY) depending on their metabolic characteristics. OXI fibers secrete more pro-angiogenic factors and have greater capillary densities than GLY fibers. OXI muscle secretes more EV than GLY, however it is unknown whether muscle metabolic characteristics regulate EV contents and signaling potential. EVs were isolated from primarily oxidative or glycolytic muscle tissue from mice. MicroRNA (miR) contents were determined and endothelial cells were treated with OXI- and GLY-EV to investigate angiogenic signaling potential. There were considerable differences in miR contents between OXI- and GLY-EV and pathway analysis identified that OXI-EV miR were predicted to positively regulate multiple endothelial-specific pathways, compared to GLY-EV. OXI-EV improved in vitro angiogenesis, which may have been mediated through nitric oxide synthase (NOS) related pathways, as treatment of endothelial cells with a non-selective NOS inhibitor abolished the angiogenic benefits of OXI-EV. This is the first report to show widespread differences in miR contents between SkM-EV isolated from metabolically different muscle tissue and the first to demonstrate that oxidative muscle tissue secretes EV with greater angiogenic signaling potential than glycolytic muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Kargl
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Deborah A Shera
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brian P Sullivan
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lundon C Burton
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kun Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Kargl CK, Sullivan BP, Middleton D, York A, Burton LC, Brault JJ, Kuang S, Gavin TP. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α overexpression improves angiogenic signalling potential of skeletal muscle-derived extracellular vesicles. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:240-252. [PMID: 36454193 PMCID: PMC9949767 DOI: 10.1113/ep090874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Skeletal muscle extracellular vesicles likely act as pro-angiogenic signalling factors: does overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) alter skeletal muscle myotube extracellular vesicle release, contents and angiogenic potential? What is the main finding and its importance? Overexpression of PGC-1α results in secretion of extracellular vesicles that elevate measures of angiogenesis and protect against acute oxidative stress in vitro. Skeletal muscle with high levels of PGC-1α expression, commonly associated with exercise induced angiogenesis and high basal capillarization, may secrete extracellular vesicles that support capillary growth and maintenance. ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle capillarization is proportional to muscle fibre mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity. Skeletal muscle cells secrete many factors that regulate neighbouring capillary endothelial cells (ECs), including extracellular vesicles (SkM-EVs). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and the oxidative phenotype in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle PGC-1α also regulates secretion of multiple angiogenic factors, but it is unknown whether PGC-1α regulates SkM-EV release, contents and angiogenic signalling potential. PGC-1α was overexpressed via adenovirus in primary human myotubes. EVs were collected from PGC-1α-overexpressing myotubes (PGC-EVs) as well as from green fluorescent protein-overexpressing myotubes (GFP-EVs), and from untreated myotubes. EV release and select mRNA contents were measured from EVs. Additionally, ECs were treated with EVs to measure angiogenic potential of EVs in normal conditions and following an oxidative stress challenge. PGC-1α overexpression did not impact EV release but did elevate EV content of mRNAs for several antioxidant proteins (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase). PGC-EV treatment of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increased their proliferation (+36.6%), tube formation (length: +28.1%; number: +25.7%) and cellular viability (+52.9%), and reduced reactive oxygen species levels (-41%) compared to GFP-EVs. Additionally, PGC-EV treatment protected against tube formation impairments and induction of cellular senescence following acute oxidative stress. Overexpression of PGC-1α in human myotubes increases the angiogenic potential of SkM-EVs. These angiogenic benefits coincided with increased anti-oxidative capacity of recipient HUVECs. High PGC-1α expression in skeletal muscle may prompt the release of SkM-EVs that support vascular redox homeostasis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris K. Kargl
- Department of Health and KinesiologyMax E. Wastl Human Performance LaboratoryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Brian P. Sullivan
- Department of Health and KinesiologyMax E. Wastl Human Performance LaboratoryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Derek Middleton
- Department of Health and KinesiologyMax E. Wastl Human Performance LaboratoryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Andrew York
- Department of Health and KinesiologyMax E. Wastl Human Performance LaboratoryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Lundon C. Burton
- Department of Health and KinesiologyMax E. Wastl Human Performance LaboratoryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Jeffrey J. Brault
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal HealthDepartment of AnatomyCell Biology & PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Timothy P. Gavin
- Department of Health and KinesiologyMax E. Wastl Human Performance LaboratoryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
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Ross M, Kargl CK, Ferguson R, Gavin TP, Hellsten Y. Exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis: impact of age, sex, angiocrines and cellular mediators. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023:10.1007/s00421-022-05128-6. [PMID: 36715739 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis is a well-known physiological adaptation that occurs in humans in response to exercise training and can lead to endurance performance benefits, as well as improvements in cardiovascular and skeletal tissue health. An increase in capillary density in skeletal muscle improves diffusive oxygen exchange and waste extraction, and thus greater fatigue resistance, which has application to athletes but also to the general population. Exercise-induced angiogenesis can significantly contribute to improvements in cardiovascular and metabolic health, such as the increase in muscle glucose uptake, important for the prevention of diabetes. Recently, our understanding of the mechanisms by which angiogenesis occurs with exercise has grown substantially. This review will detail the biochemical, cellular and biomechanical signals for exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis, including recent work on extracellular vesicles and circulating angiogenic cells. In addition, the influence of age, sex, exercise intensity/duration, as well as recent observations with the use of blood flow restricted exercise, will also be discussed in detail. This review will provide academics and practitioners with mechanistic and applied evidence for optimising training interventions to promote physical performance through manipulating capillarisation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ross
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - Christopher K Kargl
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Richard Ferguson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Burton LC, Kargl CK, Gavin TP. Differences In Regulatory Genes Involved In Myoblast Growth And Differentiation Into Myotubes In Type 2 Diabetic Human Muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000882780.79316.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Monroe JC, Pae BJ, Kargl C, Gavin TP, Parker J, Perkins SM, Han Y, Klein J, Motaganahalli RL, Roseguini BT. Effects of home-based leg heat therapy on walking performance in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: a pilot randomized trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:546-560. [PMID: 35771219 PMCID: PMC9448284 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00143.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Few noninvasive therapies currently exist to improve functional capacity in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that unsupervised, home-based leg heat therapy (HT) using water-circulating trousers perfused with warm water would improve walking performance in patients with PAD. Patients with symptomatic PAD were randomized into either leg HT (n = 18) or a sham treatment (n = 16). Patients were provided with water-circulating trousers and a portable pump and were asked to apply the therapy daily (7 days/wk, 90 min/session) for 8 wk. The primary study outcome was the change from baseline in 6-min walk distance at 8-wk follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the claudication onset-time, peak walking time, peak pulmonary oxygen consumption and peak blood pressure during a graded treadmill test, resting blood pressure, the ankle-brachial index, postocclusive reactive hyperemia in the calf, cutaneous microvascular reactivity, and perceived quality of life. Of the 34 participants randomized, 29 completed the 8-wk follow-up. The change in 6-min walk distance at the 8-wk follow-up was significantly higher (P = 0.029) in the group exposed to HT than in the sham-treated group (Sham: median: -0.9; 25%, 75% percentiles: -5.8, 14.3; HT: median: 21.3; 25%, 75% percentiles: 10.1, 42.4, P = 0.029). There were no significant differences in secondary outcomes between the HT and sham group at 8-wk follow-up. The results of this pilot study indicate that unsupervised, home-based leg HT is safe, well-tolerated, and elicits a clinically meaningful improvement in walking tolerance in patients with symptomatic PAD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first sham-controlled trial to examine the effects of home-based leg heat therapy (HT) on walking performance in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We demonstrate that unsupervised HT using water-circulating trousers is safe, well-tolerated, and elicits meaningful changes in walking ability in patients with symptomatic PAD. This home-based treatment option is practical, painless, and may be a feasible adjunctive therapy to counteract the decline in lower extremity physical function in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Monroe
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Byung Joon Pae
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Christopher Kargl
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jason Parker
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Susan M Perkins
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Janet Klein
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Raghu L Motaganahalli
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Belbis MD, Holmes MJ, Yao J, Kinnick CW, Kargl CK, Day C, Noel NL, Gavin TP, Roseguini BT, Hirai DM. Effects Of Acute Selective COX-2 Inhibition On Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Oxygenation And Exercise Tolerance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000877580.21105.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Garner RT, Weiss JA, Nie Y, Sullivan BP, Kargl CK, Drohan CJ, Kuang S, Stout J, Gavin TP. Effects of obesity and acute resistance exercise on skeletal muscle angiogenic communication pathways. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:906-918. [PMID: 35561231 DOI: 10.1113/ep090152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What are the central questions of this study? Do obesity and acute resistance exercise alter the regulation of muscle intercellular communication pathways consistent with inadequate compensatory angiogenesis in response to muscle loading present in individuals with obesity? What is the main finding and its importance? Obesity is associated with differences in both pro- and anti-angiogenic signaling consistent with lower muscle capillarization. Acute resistance exercise increases the release of skeletal muscle small extracellular vesicles independent of body mass. These results identify novel cellular factors associated with impaired angiogenesis in obesity and the positive effects of acute resistance exercise in lean and obese skeletal muscle. ABSTRACT Introduction Obesity (OB) impairs cell-to-cell communication signaling. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs), which includes exosomes, are released by skeletal muscle and participate in cell-to-cell communications including the regulation of angiogenesis. Resistance exercise (REx) increases muscle fiber size and capillarization. However, while obesity increases muscle fiber size, there is an inadequate increase in capillarization such that capillary density is reduced. It was hypothesized that REx induced angiogenic signaling and EV biogenesis would be lower with obesity. Methods Sedentary lean (LN) and individuals with obesity (OB) (n = 8/group) performed three sets of single leg, knee extension REx at 80% of maximum. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest, 15 min, and 3 hr post-exercise and analyzed for angiogenic and EV biogenesis mRNA and protein. Results In OB, muscle fiber size was ∼20% greater and capillary density with type II fibers was ∼25% lower compared to LN (p<0.001) . In response to REx, increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA (pro-angiogenic) was similar (3-fold) between groups, while thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) mRNA (anti-angiogenic) increased ∼2.5-fold in OB only (p = 0.010). miR-130a (pro-angiogenic) was ∼1.4-fold (p = 0.011) and miR-503 (anti-angiogenic) was ∼1.8-fold (p = 0.017) greater in OB compared to LN across all time points. In both groups acute REx decreased the EV surface protein Alix ∼50% consistent with the release of exosomes (p = 0.016). Conclusion Acute resistance exercise appears to induce the release of skeletal muscle small EVs independent of body mass. However, with obesity there is predominantly impaired angiogenic signaling consistent with inadequate angiogenesis in response to basal muscle hypertrophy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron T Garner
- College of Science and Humanities, Husson University, ME, Bangor, IN, USA
| | - Jessica A Weiss
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brian P Sullivan
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Christopher K Kargl
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cathal J Drohan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Julianne Stout
- Indiana University School of Medicine-West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Sullivan BP, Nie Y, Evans S, Kargl CK, Hettinger ZR, Garner RT, Hubal MJ, Kuang S, Stout J, Gavin TP. Obesity and exercise training alter inflammatory pathway skeletal muscle small extracellular vesicle miRNAs. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:462-475. [PMID: 35293040 PMCID: PMC9323446 DOI: 10.1113/ep090062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
New Findings What is the central question of this study? Is 1 week of exercise training sufficient to reduce local and systemic inflammation? Do obesity and short‐term concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training alter skeletal muscle extracellular vesicle (EV) contents? What is the main finding and its importance? Obesity alters skeletal muscle small EV microRNAs targeting inflammatory and growth pathways. Exercise training alters skeletal muscle small EV microRNAs targeting inflammatory pathways, indicative of reduced inflammation. Our findings provide support for the hypotheses that EVs play a vital role in intercellular communication during health and disease and that EVs mediate many of the beneficial effects of exercise.
Abstract Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation characterized by increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, whereas exercise training reduces inflammation. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs; 30–150 nm) participate in cell‐to‐cell communication in part through microRNA (miRNA) post‐transcriptional regulation of mRNA. We examined whether obesity and concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise training alter skeletal muscle EV miRNA content and inflammatory signalling. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained from sedentary individuals with (OB) and without obesity (LN). Before and after 7 days of concurrent aerobic and resistance training, muscle‐derived small EV miRNAs and whole‐muscle mRNAs were measured. Pathway analysis revealed that obesity alters small EV miRNAs that target inflammatory (SERPINF1, death receptor and Gαi) and growth pathways (Wnt/β‐catenin, PTEN, PI3K/AKT and IGF‐1). In addition, exercise training alters small EV miRNAs in an anti‐inflammatory manner, targeting the IL‐10, IL‐8, Toll‐like receptor and nuclear factor‐κB signalling pathways. In whole muscle, IL‐8 mRNA was reduced by 50% and Jun mRNA by 25% after exercise training, consistent with the anti‐inflammatory effects of exercise on skeletal muscle. Obesity and 7 days of concurrent exercise training differentially alter skeletal muscle‐derived small EV miRNA contents targeting inflammatory and anabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Monica J Hubal
- Indiana University- Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Julianne Stout
- Indiana University School of Medicine-West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN
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Kim K, Kargl C, Ro B, Song Q, Stein K, Gavin TP, Roseguini BT. Neither Peristaltic Pulse Dynamic Compressions nor Heat Therapy Accelerate Glycogen Resynthesis after Intermittent Running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2425-2435. [PMID: 34107509 PMCID: PMC8516698 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a single session of either peristaltic pulse dynamic leg compressions (PPDC) or local heat therapy (HT) after prolonged intermittent shuttle running on skeletal muscle glycogen content, muscle function, and the expression of factors involved in skeletal muscle remodeling. METHODS Twenty-six trained individuals were randomly allocated to either a PPDC (n = 13) or a HT (n = 13) group. After completing a 90-min session of intermittent shuttle running, participants consumed 0.3 g·kg-1 protein plus 1.0 g·kg-1 carbohydrate and received either PPDC or HT for 60 min in one randomly selected leg, while the opposite leg served as control. Muscle biopsies from both legs were obtained before and after exposure to the treatments. Muscle function and soreness were also evaluated before, immediately after, and 24 h after the exercise bout. RESULTS The changes in glycogen content were similar (P > 0.05) between the thigh exposed to PPDC and the control thigh ~90 min (Control: 14.9 ± 34.3 vs PPDC: 29.6 ± 34 mmol·kg-1 wet wt) and ~210 min (Control: 45.8 ± 40.7 vs PPDC: 52 ± 25.3 mmol·kg-1 wet wt) after the treatment. There were also no differences in the change in glycogen content between thighs ~90 min (Control: 35.9 ± 26.1 vs HT: 38.7 ± 21.3 mmol·kg-1 wet wt) and ~210 min (Control: 61.4 ± 50.6 vs HT: 63.4 ± 17.5 mmol·kg-1 wet wt) after local HT. The changes in peak torque and fatigue resistance of the knee extensors, muscle soreness, and the mRNA expression and protein abundance of select factors were also similar (P > 0.05) in both thighs, irrespective of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS A single 1-h session of either PPDC or local HT does not accelerate glycogen resynthesis and the recovery of muscle function after prolonged intermittent shuttle running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Bohyun Ro
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Qifan Song
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kimberly Stein
- Gatorade Sport Science Institute, PepsiCo R&D Life Sciences, Barrington, IL
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Hettinger ZR, Kargl CK, Shannahan JH, Kuang S, Gavin TP. Extracellular vesicles released from stress-induced prematurely senescent myoblasts impair endothelial function and proliferation. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2083-2095. [PMID: 34333817 DOI: 10.1113/ep089423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the impact of stress-induced premature senescence on skeletal muscle myoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and myoblast-endothelial cell crosstalk? What is the main finding and its importance? Hydrogen peroxide treatment of human myoblasts induced stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) and increased the release of exosome-sized EVs (30-150 nm in size) five-fold compared to untreated controls. Treatment of SIPS myoblast-derived EVs on endothelial cells increased senescence markers and decreased proliferation. Gene expression analysis of SIPS myoblast-derived EVs revealed a four-fold increase in senescence factor transforming growth factor-β. These results highlight potential mechanisms by which senescence imparts deleterious effects on the cellular microenvironment. ABSTRACT Cellular senescence contributes to numerous diseases through the release of pro-inflammatory factors as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In skeletal muscle, resident muscle progenitor cells (satellite cells) express markers of senescence with advancing age and in response to various pathologies, which contributes to reduced regenerative capacities in vitro. Satellite cells regulate their microenvironment in part through the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), but the effect of senescence on EV signaling is unknown. Primary human myoblasts were isolated following biopsies of the vastus lateralis from young healthy subjects. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) treatment was used to achieve stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) of myoblasts. EVs secreted by myoblasts with and without H2 O2 treatment were isolated, analysed and used to treat human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to assess senescence and angiogenic impact. H2 O2 treatment of primary human myoblasts in vitro increased markers of senescence (β-galactosidase and p21Cip1 ), decreased proliferation and increased exosome-like EV (30-150 nm) release approximately five-fold. In HUVECs, EV treatment from H2 O2 -treated myoblasts increased markers of senescence (β-galactosidase and transforming growth factor β), decreased proliferation and impaired HUVEC tube formation. Analysis of H2 O2 -treated myoblast-derived EV mRNA revealed a nearly four-fold increase in transforming growth factor β expression. Our novel results highlight the impact of SIPS on myoblast communication and identify a VasoMyo Crosstalk by which SIPS myoblast-derived EVs impair endothelial cell function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Hettinger
- Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Christopher K Kargl
- Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Sullivan BP, Weiss JA, Nie Y, Garner RT, Drohan CJ, Kuang S, Stout J, Gavin TP. Skeletal muscle IGF-1 is lower at rest and after resistance exercise in humans with obesity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2835-2846. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
The prolonged impairment in muscle strength, power, and fatigue resistance after eccentric exercise has been ascribed to a plethora of mechanisms, including delayed muscle refueling and microvascular and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review explores the hypothesis that local heat therapy hastens functional recovery after strenuous eccentric exercise by facilitating glycogen resynthesis, reversing vascular derangements, augmenting mitochondrial function, and stimulating muscle protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Kargl CK, Sullivan BP, Gavin TP. Massage during muscle unloading increases protein turnover in the massaged and non-massaged, contralateral limb, but does not attenuate muscle atrophy. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13497. [PMID: 32415736 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K. Kargl
- Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Brian P. Sullivan
- Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
| | - Timothy P. Gavin
- Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA
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Sullivan BP, Kargl C, Quevedo L, Mena J, Gavin TP. Effects Of Obesity On Cardiotoxin Induced Damage And Regeneration Of Lean And Obese Human Myotubes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000685616.45392.8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Abstract
The therapeutic effects of heat have been harnessed for centuries to treat skeletal muscle disorders and other pathologies. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the well-documented clinical benefits associated with heat therapy (HT) remain poorly defined. Foundational studies in cultured skeletal muscle and endothelial cells, as well as in rodents, revealed that episodic exposure to heat stress activates a number of intracellular signaling networks and promotes skeletal muscle remodeling. Renewed interest in the physiology of HT in recent years has provided greater understanding of the signals and molecular players involved in the skeletal muscle adaptations to episodic exposures to HT. It is increasingly clear that heat stress promotes signaling mechanisms involved in angiogenesis, muscle hypertrophy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and glucose metabolism through not only elevations in tissue temperature but also other perturbations, including increased intramyocellular calcium and enhanced energy turnover. The few available translational studies seem to indicate that the earlier observations in rodents also apply to human skeletal muscle. Indeed, recent findings revealed that both local and whole-body HT may promote capillary growth, enhance mitochondrial content and function, improve insulin sensitivity and attenuate disuse-induced muscle wasting. This accumulating body of work implies that HT may be a practical treatment to combat skeletal abnormalities in individuals with chronic disease who are unwilling or cannot participate in traditional exercise-training regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jacob C Monroe
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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16
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Garner RT, Solfest JS, Nie Y, Kuang S, Stout J, Gavin TP. Multivesicular body and exosome pathway responses to acute exercise. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:511-521. [PMID: 31917487 DOI: 10.1113/ep088017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the impact of acute aerobic and aerobic + resistance (concurrent) exercise on the regulation of multivesicular body formation in human skeletal muscle? What is the main finding and its importance? Gene expression for proteins associated with multivesicular body biogenesis was increased in response to concurrent exercise, and gene expression of microRNA processing (genetic information) was increased in response to aerobic and concurrent exercise. A greater understanding of the processing of multivesicular bodies in response to acute exercise may lead to novel treatments focused on intercellular communication pathways. ABSTRACT Regular aerobic exercise (AEx) and resistance exercise (REx) promote many beneficial adaptations. Skeletal muscle participates in intercellular communication in part through the release of myokines and extracellular vesicles including exosomes (EXOs), the latter containing mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), lipids and proteins. Exercise-induced regulation of skeletal muscle multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis leading to EXO formation and release is poorly understood. We hypothesized that acute exercise would increase skeletal muscle MVB biogenesis and EXO release pathways with a greater response to aerobic + resistance exercise (A+REx) than to AEx alone. Twelve sedentary, healthy male subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer for 45 min (AEx) followed by single leg, knee extensor, resistance exercise (A+REx). Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained at rest and 1 h post-exercise. Key components of the MVB biogenesis, EXO biogenesis and release, and miRNA processing pathways were analysed. Clathrin and Alix mRNA (MVB biogenesis) were increased by A+REx, while DICER and exportin mRNA (miRNA processing) were increased by AEx and A+REx. There were positive relationships between MVBs and miRNA processing genes following both AEx and A+REx consistent with coordinated regulation of these interrelated processes (Alix mRNA increased with Drosha, exportin and Dicer mRNA). Acute exercise increases the regulation of components of MVB and EXO pathways as well as miRNA processing components. A greater understanding of the production and packaging of skeletal muscle MVBs, EXOs and mature miRNA could lead to novel treatments focused on intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron T Garner
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Science, Husson University, Bangor, ME, USA
| | - Jessica S Solfest
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Mayo School of Health Sciences - Department of Physical Therapy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Julianne Stout
- Indiana University School of Medicine - West Lafayette, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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17
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Kim K, Reid BA, Casey CA, Bender BE, Ro B, Song Q, Trewin AJ, Petersen AC, Kuang S, Gavin TP, Roseguini BT. Effects of repeated local heat therapy on skeletal muscle structure and function in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:483-492. [PMID: 31971474 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00701.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of repeated exposure to local heat therapy (HT) on skeletal muscle function, myofiber morphology, capillarization, and mitochondrial content in humans. Twelve young adults (23.6 ± 4.8 yr, body mass index 24.9 ± 3.0 kg/m2) had one randomly selected thigh treated with HT (garment perfused with water at ~52°C) for 8 consecutive weeks (90 min, 5 days/wk) while the opposite thigh served as a control. Biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after 4 and 8 wk of treatment. Knee extensor strength and fatigue resistance were also assessed using isokinetic dynamometry. The changes in peak isokinetic torque were higher (P = 0.007) in the thigh exposed to HT than in the control thigh at weeks 4 (control 4.2 ± 13.1 Nm vs. HT 9.1 ± 16.1 Nm) and 8 (control 1.8 ± 9.7 Nm vs. HT 7.8 ± 10.2 Nm). Exposure to HT averted a temporal decline in capillarization around type II fibers (P < 0.05), but had no effect on capillarization indexes in type I fibers. The content of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was ~18% and 35% higher in the thigh exposed to HT at 4 and 8 wk, respectively (P = 0.003). Similarly, HT increased the content of small heat shock proteins HSPB5 (P = 0.007) and HSPB1 (P = 0.009). There were no differences between thighs for the changes in fiber cross-sectional area and mitochondrial content. These results indicate that exposure to local HT for 8 wk promotes a proangiogenic environment and enhances muscle strength but does not affect mitochondrial content in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that repeated application of heat therapy to the thigh with a garment perfused with warm water enhances the strength of knee extensors and influences muscle capillarization in parallel with increases in the content of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and small heat shock proteins. This practical method of passive heat stress may be a feasible tool to treat conditions associated with capillary rarefaction and muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Blake A Reid
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Caitlin A Casey
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Brooke E Bender
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Bohyun Ro
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Qifan Song
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron C Petersen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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18
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Kargl CK, Nie Y, Evans S, Stout J, Shannahan JH, Kuang S, Gavin TP. Factors secreted from high glucose treated endothelial cells impair expansion and differentiation of human skeletal muscle satellite cells. J Physiol 2019; 597:5109-5124. [DOI: 10.1113/jp278165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and KinesiologyPurdue University
| | | | | | | | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue University West Lafayette IN USA
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19
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Jia Z, Nie Y, Yue F, Kong Y, Gu L, Gavin TP, Liu X, Kuang S. A requirement of Polo-like kinase 1 in murine embryonic myogenesis and adult muscle regeneration. eLife 2019; 8:e47097. [PMID: 31393265 PMCID: PMC6687435 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle development and regeneration require delicate cell cycle regulation of embryonic myoblasts and adult muscle satellite cells (MuSCs). Through analysis of the Polo-like kinase (Plk) family cell-cycle regulators in mice, we show that Plk1's expression closely mirrors myoblast dynamics during embryonic and postnatal myogenesis. Cell-specific deletion of Plk1 in embryonic myoblasts leads to depletion of myoblasts, developmental failure and prenatal lethality. Postnatal deletion of Plk1 in MuSCs does not perturb their quiescence but depletes activated MuSCs as they enter the cell cycle, leading to regenerative failure. The Plk1-null MuSCs are arrested at the M-phase, accumulate DNA damage, and apoptose. Mechanistically, Plk1 deletion upregulates p53, and inhibition of p53 promotes survival of the Plk1-null myoblasts. Pharmacological inhibition of Plk1 similarly inhibits proliferation but promotes differentiation of myoblasts in vitro, and blocks muscle regeneration in vivo. These results reveal for the first time an indispensable role of Plk1 in developmental and regenerative myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jia
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
- Department of Health and KinesiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Yifan Kong
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Lijie Gu
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and KinesiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of BiochemistryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
- Center for Cancer ResearchPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
- Center for Cancer ResearchPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
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20
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Solfest JS, Nie Y, Weiss JA, Garner RT, Kuang S, Stout J, Gavin TP. Effects of acute aerobic and concurrent exercise on skeletal muscle metabolic enzymes in untrained men. Sport Sci Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Nie Y, Sato Y, Garner RT, Kargl C, Wang C, Kuang S, Gilpin CJ, Gavin TP. Skeletal muscle-derived exosomes regulate endothelial cell functions via reactive oxygen species-activated nuclear factor-κB signalling. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1262-1273. [PMID: 31115069 DOI: 10.1113/ep087396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Capillary rarefaction is found in diabetic and aged muscle, whereas exercise increases skeletal muscle angiogenesis. The association implies a crosstalk between muscle cells and endothelial cells. The underlying mechanisms mediating the crosstalk between these cells remains to be elucidated fully. What is the main finding and its importance? Endothelial cell functions are regulated by skeletal muscle cell-derived exosomes via a vascular endothelial growth factor-independent pathway. This study reveals a new mechanism mediating the crosstalk between skeletal muscle cells and endothelial cells. ABSTRACT Loss of skeletal muscle capillarization, known as capillary rarefaction, is found in type 2 diabetes, chronic heart failure and healthy ageing and is associated with impaired delivery of substrates to the muscle. However, the interaction and communication of skeletal muscle with endothelial cells in the regulation of capillaries surrounding the muscle remains elusive. Exosomes are a type of secreted extracellular vesicle containing mRNAs, proteins and, especially, microRNAs that exert paracrine and endocrine effects. In this study, we investigated whether skeletal muscle-derived exosomes (SkM-Exo) regulate the endothelial cell functions of angiogenesis. We demonstrated that C2C12 myotube-derived exosomes improved endothelial cell functions, assessed by the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which were increased by 20, 23 and 40%, respectively, after SkM-Exo exposure. The SkM-Exo failed to activate HUVEC vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling. The SkM-Exo increased HUVEC reactive oxygen species and activated the nuclear factor-κB pathway, suggesting that SkM-Exo-induced angiogenesis was mediated by a VEGF-independent pathway. In addition, several angiogenic microRNAs were packaged in SkM-Exo, with miR-130a being particularly enriched and successfully transferred from SkM-Exo to HUVECs. Delivery of miRNAs into endothelial cells might explain the enhancement of reactive oxygen species production and angiogenesis by SkM-Exo. The potential angiogenic effect of SkM-Exo could provide an effective therapy for promoting skeletal muscle angiogenesis in diseases characterized by capillary rarefaction or inadequate angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907.,Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907.,Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yoriko Sato
- Department of United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ron T Garner
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907.,Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
| | - Christopher Kargl
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907.,Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Christopher J Gilpin
- Agricultural Research and Graduate Education, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907.,Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907
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22
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Vadlamani RA, Nie Y, Detwiler DA, Dhanabal A, Kraft AM, Kuang S, Gavin TP, Garner AL. Nanosecond pulsed electric field induced proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and myoblasts. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190079. [PMID: 31213169 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity electric fields can induce changes in cell differentiation and cytoskeletal stresses that facilitate manipulation of osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells; however, the application times (tens of minutes) are of the order of physiological mechanisms, which can complicate treatment consistency. Intense nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) can overcome these challenges by inducing similar stresses on shorter timescales while additionally inducing plasma membrane nanoporation, ion transport and intracellular structure manipulation. This paper shows that treating myoblasts and osteoblasts with five 300 ns PEFs with intensities from 1.5 to 25 kV cm-1 increased proliferation and differentiation. While nsPEFs above 5 kV cm-1 decreased myoblast population growth, 10 and 20 kV cm-1 trains increased myoblast population by approximately fivefold 48 h after exposure when all cell densities were set to the same level after exposure. Three trials of the PEF-treated osteoblasts showed that PEF trains between 2.5 and 10 kV cm-1 induced the greatest population growth compared to the control 48 h after treatment. Trains of nsPEFs between 1.5 and 5 kV cm-1 induced the most nodule formation in osteoblasts, indicating bone formation. These results demonstrate the potential utility for nsPEFs to rapidly modulate stem cells for proliferation and differentiation and motivate future experiments to optimize PEF parameters for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Anand Vadlamani
- 1 School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
| | - Yaohui Nie
- 2 Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
| | | | - Agni Dhanabal
- 3 Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
| | - Alan M Kraft
- 1 School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- 4 Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- 2 Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
| | - Allen L Garner
- 1 School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA.,3 Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA.,5 School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 , USA
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23
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Garner RT, Nie Y, Kuang S, Gavin TP. Effects of Obesity and Acute Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Intercellular Communication Pathways. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000562008.45254.0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Sullivan BP, Nie Y, Evans S, Kargl CK, Hettinger ZR, Hubal MJ, Kuang S, Stout J, Gavin TP. Effect of Short-Term Concurrent Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Exosomal miRNAs in Lean and Obese. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000561988.21697.b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Kim K, Trewin A, Petersen AC, Gavin TP, Roseguini BT. Impact of repeated local heat stress on skeletal muscle structure and function in humans. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.838.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Health & KinesiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN
| | - Adam Trewin
- Institue of Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Timothy P. Gavin
- Department of Health & KinesiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN
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26
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of heat therapy (HT) on functional recovery, the skeletal muscle expression of angiogenic factors, macrophage content, and capillarization after eccentric exercise in humans. Eleven untrained individuals (23.8 ± 0.6 yr) performed 300 bilateral maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. One randomly selected thigh was treated with five daily 90-min sessions of HT, whereas the opposite thigh received a thermoneutral intervention. Peak isokinetic torque of the knee extensors was assessed at baseline and daily for 4 days and fatigue resistance was assessed at baseline and 1 and 4 days after the eccentric exercise session. Muscle biopsies were obtained 2 wk before and 1 and 5 days after the eccentric exercise bout. There were no differences between thighs in the overall recovery profile of peak torque. However, the thigh exposed to HT had greater fatigue resistance than the thigh exposed to the thermoneutral intervention. The change from baseline in mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was higher at day 1 in the thigh exposed to HT. Protein levels of VEGF and angiopoietin 1 were also significantly higher in the thigh treated with HT. The number of capillaries around type II fibers decreased similarly in both thighs at day 5. Exposure to HT had no impact on macrophage content. These results suggest that HT accelerates the recovery of fatigue resistance after eccentric exercise and promotes the expression of angiogenic factors in human skeletal muscle. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated whether exposure to local heat therapy (HT) accelerates recovery after a bout of eccentric exercise in humans. Compared with a thermoneutral control intervention, HT improved fatigue resistance of the knee extensors and enhanced the expression of the angiogenic mediators vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin 1. These results suggest that HT hastens functional recovery and enhances the expression of regulatory factors involved in muscle repair after eccentric exercise in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Qifan Song
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana
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27
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Kobos LM, Adamson SXF, Evans S, Gavin TP, Shannahan JH. Altered formation of the iron oxide nanoparticle-biocorona due to individual variability and exercise. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 62:215-226. [PMID: 30096581 PMCID: PMC6112769 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs), introduced into a biological environment, accumulate a coating of biomolecules or biocorona (BC). Although the BC has toxicological and pharmacological consequences, the effects of inter-individual variability and exercise on NP-BC formation are unknown. We hypothesized that NPs incubated in plasma form distinct BCs between individuals, and exercise causes additional intra-individual alterations. 20 nm iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs were incubated in pre- or post-exercise plasma ex vivo, and proteomics was utilized to evaluate BC components. Analysis demonstrated distinct BC formation between individuals, while exercise was found to enhance NP-BC complexity. Abundance differences of NP-BC proteins were determined between individuals and resulting from exercise. Differential human macrophage response was identified due to NP-BC variability. These findings demonstrate that individuals form unique BCs and that exercise influences NP-biomolecule interactions. An understanding of NP-biomolecule interactions is necessary for elucidation of mechanisms responsible for variations in human responses to NP exposures and/or nano-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Kobos
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sherleen Xue-Fu Adamson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sheelagh Evans
- Health and Kinesiology, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Health and Kinesiology, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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28
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Garner RT, Nie Y, Gavin TP. Effect of Acute Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Exosome Biogenesis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536909.68974.6e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Lawan A, Min K, Zhang L, Canfran-Duque A, Jurczak MJ, Camporez JPG, Nie Y, Gavin TP, Shulman GI, Fernandez-Hernando C, Bennett AM. Skeletal Muscle-Specific Deletion of MKP-1 Reveals a p38 MAPK/JNK/Akt Signaling Node That Regulates Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2018; 67:624-635. [PMID: 29317435 PMCID: PMC5860856 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress responses promote obesity and insulin resistance, in part, by activating the stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), p38 MAPK, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Stress also induces expression of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), which inactivates both JNK and p38 MAPK. However, the equilibrium between JNK/p38 MAPK and MKP-1 signaling in the development of obesity and insulin resistance is unclear. Skeletal muscle is a major tissue involved in energy expenditure and glucose metabolism. In skeletal muscle, MKP-1 is upregulated in high-fat diet-fed mice and in skeletal muscle of obese humans. Mice lacking skeletal muscle expression of MKP-1 (MKP1-MKO) showed increased skeletal muscle p38 MAPK and JNK activities and were resistant to the development of diet-induced obesity. MKP1-MKO mice exhibited increased whole-body energy expenditure that was associated with elevated levels of myofiber-associated mitochondrial oxygen consumption. miR-21, a negative regulator of PTEN expression, was upregulated in skeletal muscle of MKP1-MKO mice, resulting in increased Akt activity consistent with enhanced insulin sensitivity. Our results demonstrate that skeletal muscle MKP-1 represents a critical signaling node through which inactivation of the p38 MAPK/JNK module promotes obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kisuk Min
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alberto Canfran-Duque
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Joao Paulo G Camporez
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Cellular & Molecular Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Gavin TP, Ernst JM, Kwak HB, Caudill SE, Reed MA, Garner RT, Nie Y, Weiss JA, Pories WJ, Dar M, Lin CT, Hubal MJ, Neufer PD, Kuang S, Dohm GL. High Incomplete Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Oxidation Explains Low Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Poorly Controlled T2D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:882-889. [PMID: 29155999 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Almost 50% of type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients are poorly controlled [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7%]; however, the mechanisms responsible for progressively worsening glycemic control are poorly understood. Lower skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity is associated with low insulin sensitivity and the development of T2D. OBJECTIVE We investigated if skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (SI) was different between well-controlled T2D (WCD) and poorly controlled T2D (PCD) and if the difference was associated with differences resulting from mitochondrial respiratory function. DESIGN Vastus lateralis muscle mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial content, mitochondrial enzyme activity, and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) were measured. SI and the acute response to glucose (AIRg) were calculated by MINMOD analysis from glucose and insulin obtained during a modified, frequently sampled, intravenous glucose tolerance test. RESULTS SI and AIRg were lower in PCD than WCD. Muscle incomplete FAO was greater in PCD than WCD and greater incomplete FAO was associated with lower SI and higher HbA1c. Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase expression and activity were greater in PCD than WCD. There was no difference in maximal mitochondrial respiration or content between WCD and PCD. CONCLUSION The current results suggest that greater skeletal muscle incomplete FAO in poorly controlled T2D is due to elevated β oxidation and is associated with worsening muscle SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory; Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jacob M Ernst
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sarah E Caudill
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Melissa A Reed
- Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania
| | - Ron T Garner
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory; Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory; Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jessica A Weiss
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory; Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Walter J Pories
- Department of Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Moahad Dar
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Departments of Integrative Systems Biology and Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - G Lynis Dohm
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Constantini K, Tanner DA, Gavin TP, Harms CA, Stager JM, Chapman RF. Prevalence of Exercise-Induced Arterial Hypoxemia in Distance Runners at Sea Level. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:948-954. [PMID: 28009787 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been reported that ~50% of endurance-trained men demonstrate exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) during heavy exercise. However, this often-cited prevalence rate comes from a single study using a cohort of 25 highly trained men who completed maximal cycle ergometry. As arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) during maximal exercise is reported to be significantly lower during treadmill versus cycle ergometry in the same subjects, we hypothesized that the prevalence of EIAH would be greater than previously reported (and commonly referenced) in a larger cohort of highly endurance-trained men during maximal treadmill running. METHODS Data from 124 highly trained male distance runners (V˙O2max range = 60.3-84.7 mL·kg·min) were retrospectively examined from previously published studies completed in the Indiana University Human Performance Laboratory. Subjects completed a constant speed, progressive-grade treadmill exercise test to volitional exhaustion, and arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2ear) in all subjects was estimated using the same oximeter (Hewlett Packard 47201A). RESULTS Using similar inclusion criteria as previously published for highly trained (V˙O2max > 68 mL·kg·min) and for EIAH (SaO2ear ≤ 91%), 55 of 79 subjects (70%) exhibited exercise-induced arterial desaturation. Across all 124 subjects, 104 (84%) demonstrated at least moderate EIAH (SaO2ear ≤ 93%) during maximal treadmill exercise. SaO2ear was significantly yet weakly correlated with V˙E/V˙O2 (P < 0.01, r = 0.28) and V˙E/V˙CO2 (P < 0.001, r = 0.33) but not with V˙O2max. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the prevalence of EIAH in highly trained men during maximal treadmill exercise at sea level is greater compared with previously suggested data, with exercise mode perhaps playing a factor in the number of athletes who experience EIAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Constantini
- 1HH Morris Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; 2Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; and 3Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Nie Y, Sato Y, Wang C, Yue F, Kuang S, Gavin TP. Impaired exercise tolerance, mitochondrial biogenesis, and muscle fiber maintenance in miR-133a-deficient mice. FASEB J 2016; 30:3745-3758. [PMID: 27458245 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600529r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exercise promotes multiple beneficial effects on muscle function, including induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. miR-133a is a muscle-enriched microRNA that regulates muscle development and function. The role of miR-133a in exercise tolerance has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, mice that were deficient in miR-133a demonstrated low maximal exercise capacity and low resting metabolic rate. Transcription of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-β, nuclear respiratory factor-1, and transcription factor A, mitochondrial were lower in miR-133a-deficient muscle, which was consistent with lower mitochondrial mass and impaired exercise capacity. Six weeks of endurance exercise training increased the transcriptional level of miR-133a and stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis in wild-type mice, but failed to improve mitochondrial function in miR-133a-deficient mice. Further mechanistic analysis showed an increase in the miR-133a potential target, IGF-1 receptor, along with hyperactivation of Akt signaling, in miR-133a-deficient mice, which was consistent with lower transcription of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulators. These findings indicate an essential role of miR-133a in skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, exercise tolerance, and response to exercise training.-Nie, Y., Sato, Y., Wang, C., Yue, F., Kuang, S., Gavin, T. P. Impaired exercise tolerance, mitochondrial biogenesis, and muscle fiber maintenance in miR-133a-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; and
| | - Yoriko Sato
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Department of United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; and
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; and
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; and
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
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Kuhlenhoelter AM, Kim K, Neff D, Nie Y, Blaize AN, Wong BJ, Kuang S, Stout J, Song Q, Gavin TP, Roseguini BT. Heat therapy promotes the expression of angiogenic regulators in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R377-91. [PMID: 27357800 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00134.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat therapy has been shown to promote capillary growth in skeletal muscle and in the heart in several animal models, but the effects of this therapy on angiogenic signaling in humans are unknown. We evaluated the acute effect of lower body heating (LBH) and unilateral thigh heating (TH) on the expression of angiogenic regulators and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in healthy young individuals. Exposure to LBH (n = 18) increased core temperature (Tc) from 36.9 ± 0.1 to 37.4 ± 0.1°C (P < 0.01) and average leg skin temperature (Tleg) from 33.1 ± 0.1 to 39.6 ± 0.1°C (P < 0.01), but did not alter the levels of circulating angiogenic cytokines and bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells (CD34(+)CD133(+)). In skeletal muscle, the change in mRNA expression from baseline of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2), chemokines CCL2 and CX3CL1, platelet factor-4 (PF4), and several members of the HSP family was higher 30 min after the intervention in the individuals exposed to LBH (n = 11) compared with the control group (n = 12). LBH also reduced the expression of transcription factor FOXO1 (P = 0.03). Exposure to TH (n = 14) increased Tleg from 32.8 ± 0.2 to 40.3 ± 0.1°C (P < 0.05) but Tc remained unaltered (36.8 ± 0.1°C at baseline and 36.9 ± 0.1°C at 90 min). This intervention upregulated the expression of VEGF, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, CCL2, and HSPs in skeletal muscle but did not affect the levels of CX3CL1, FOXO-1, and PF4. These findings suggest that both LBH and TH increase the expression of factors associated with capillary growth in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoungrae Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Dustin Neff
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - A Nicole Blaize
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Brett J Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Julianne Stout
- Indiana University School of Medicine-Lafayette, West Lafayette, Indiana; and
| | - Qifan Song
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Bruno T Roseguini
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana;
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Abstract
Indirect calorimeter is a powerful tool to monitor resting energy metabolism through the measurement of oxygen (O2) consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) production. From the measurement of VO2 and VCO2, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) can be calculated to assess energy fuel utilization and energy expenditure (Evan et al., 2012). Previously, indirect calorimeter has been widely used in metabolic disease research in mice to reveal the potential roles of specific genes or treatments in regulating energy metabolism (for example: Bi et al., 2014; Feng et al., 2014). Here, we described a protocol to evaluate the resting energy metabolism of C57BL/6 mice during dark and light cycles using the Oxymax Open Circuit indirect calorimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Nie
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Timothy P. Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology and Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
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La Favor JD, Kraus RM, Carrithers JA, Roseno SL, Gavin TP, Hickner RC. Sex differences with aging in nutritive skeletal muscle blood flow: impact of exercise training, nitric oxide, and α-adrenergic-mediated mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 307:H524-32. [PMID: 24951753 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00247.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disease increases progressively with age, but aging may affect men and women differently. Age-associated changes in vascular structure and function may manifest in impaired nutritive blood flow, although the regulation of nutritive blood flow in healthy aging is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if nitric oxide (NO)-mediated or α-adrenergic-mediated regulation of nutritive skeletal muscle blood flow is impaired with advanced age, and if exercise training improves age-related deficiencies. Nutritive blood flow was monitored in the vastus lateralis of healthy young and aged men and women via the microdialysis-ethanol technique prior to and following seven consecutive days of exercise training. NO-mediated and α-adrenergic-mediated regulation of nutritive blood flow was assessed by microdialysis perfusion of acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, norepinephrine, or phentolamine. Pretraining nutritive blood flow was attenuated in aged compared with young women (7.39 ± 1.5 vs. 15.5 ± 1.9 ml·100 g(−1)·min(−1), P = 0.018), but not aged men (aged 13.5 ± 3.7 vs. young 9.4 ± 1.3 ml·100 g(−1)·min(−1), P = 0.747). There were no age-associated differences in NO-mediated or α-adrenergic-mediated nutritive blood flow. Exercise training increased resting nutritive blood flow only in young men (9.4 ± 1.3 vs. 19.7 ml·100 g(−1)·min(−1), P = 0.005). The vasodilatory effect of phentolamine was significantly reduced following exercise training only in young men (12.3 ± 6.14 vs. −3.68 ± 3.26 ml·100 g(−1)·min(−1), P = 0.048). In conclusion, the age-associated attenuation of resting nutritive skeletal muscle blood flow was specific to women, while the exercise-induced alleviation of α-adrenergic mediated vasoconstriction that was specific to young men suggests an age-associated modulation of the sympathetic response to exercise training.
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Garner RT, Ernst JM, Kehe SE, Reed MA, Nie Y, Dohm GL, Pories WJ, Dar M, Gavin TP. Glycemic Control, Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity, and Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Complex I-V Content in Type 2 Diabetics. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477669.61993.a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gavin TP, Kraus RM, Carrithers JA, Garry JP, Hickner RC. Aging and the Skeletal Muscle Angiogenic Response to Exercise in Women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:1189-97. [PMID: 25182597 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether aging lowers skeletal muscle basal capillarization and angiogenesis remains controversial. To investigate the effects of aging on skeletal muscle capillarization, eight young (YW) and eight aged (AW) women completed 8 weeks of exercise training. The response and relationships of muscle capillarization, interstitial vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microvascular blood flow to aerobic exercise training were investigated. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained before and after exercise training for the measurement of capillarization. Muscle interstitial VEGF protein and microvascular blood flow were measured at rest and during submaximal exercise at PRE, 1-WK, and 8-WKS by microdialysis. Exercise training increased (20%-25%) capillary contacts of type I, IIA, and IIB fibers in YW and AW. Interstitial VEGF protein was higher in AW than YW at rest and was higher in YW than AW during exercise independent of training status. Differences in muscle capillarization were not explained by secreted VEGF nor were differences in VEGF explained by microvascular blood flow. These results confirm that aging (57-76 years age range) does not impair the muscle angiogenic response to exercise training, although sex differences may exist in similarly trained women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
| | | | | | - Joseph P Garry
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Departments of Kinesiology and Physiology, Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina. Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, South Africa
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Gavin TP, Patel L, Stagner L. Gender Differences in Aerobic and Work Capacity During Plantar Flexion Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000493754.76501.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fisher-Wellman KH, Weber TM, Cathey BL, Brophy PM, Gilliam LA, Kane CL, Maples JM, Gavin TP, Houmard JA, Neufer PD. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and content are normal in young insulin-resistant obese humans. Diabetes 2014; 63:132-41. [PMID: 23974920 PMCID: PMC3868052 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Considerable debate exists about whether alterations in mitochondrial respiratory capacity and/or content play a causal role in the development of insulin resistance during obesity. The current study was undertaken to determine whether such alterations are present during the initial stages of insulin resistance in humans. Young (∼23 years) insulin-sensitive lean and insulin-resistant obese men and women were studied. Insulin resistance was confirmed through an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Measures of mitochondrial respiratory capacity and content as well as H(2)O(2) emitting potential and the cellular redox environment were performed in permeabilized myofibers and primary myotubes prepared from vastus lateralis muscle biopsy specimens. No differences in mitochondrial respiratory function or content were observed between lean and obese subjects, despite elevations in H(2)O(2) emission rates and reductions in cellular glutathione. These findings were apparent in permeabilized myofibers as well as in primary myotubes. The results suggest that reductions in mitochondrial respiratory capacity and content are not required for the initial manifestation of peripheral insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Todd M. Weber
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Brook L. Cathey
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Patricia M. Brophy
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Laura A.A. Gilliam
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Constance L. Kane
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Jill M. Maples
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Timothy P. Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - P. Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Corresponding author: P. Darrell Neufer,
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Gavin TP, Ernst JM, Kehe SE, Dohm GL, Pories WJ, Dar M, Reed MA. Insulin sensitivity and pancreatic function in type 2 diabetics with and without insulin treatment. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1202.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Gavin
- Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN
- East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC
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Gavin TP, Van Meter JB, Brophy PM, Dubis GS, Potts KN, Hickner RC. Comparison of a Field-Based Test to Estimate Functional Threshold Power and Power Output at Lactate Threshold. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:416-21. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318220b4eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Reed MA, Pories WJ, Chapman W, Pender J, Bowden R, Barakat H, Gavin TP, Green T, Tapscott E, Zheng D, Shankley N, Yieh L, Polidori D, Piccoli SP, Brenner-Gati L, Dohm GL. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass corrects hyperinsulinemia implications for the remission of type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:2525-31. [PMID: 21593117 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been shown to induce rapid and durable reversal of type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate a possible mechanism for the remission of type 2 diabetes after RYGB. DESIGN A cross-sectional, nonrandomized, controlled study was conducted. Surgery patients were studied before RYGB and 1 wk and 3 months after surgery. SETTING This study was conducted at East Carolina University. SUBJECTS Subjects were recruited into three groups: 1) lean controls with no surgery [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m²; n = 9], 2) severely obese type 2 diabetic patients (BMI > 35 kg/m²; n = 9), and 3) severely obese nondiabetic patients (BMI > 35 kg/m²; n = 9). INTERVENTION Intervention was RYGB. RESULTS One week after RYGB, diabetes was resolved despite continued insulin resistance (insulin sensitivity index was approximately 50% of lean controls) and reduced insulin secretion during an iv glucose tolerance test (acute insulin response to glucose was approximately 50% of lean controls). Fasting insulin decreased and was no different from lean control despite continued elevated glucose in the type 2 diabetic patients compared with lean. CONCLUSIONS After RYGB, fasting insulin decreases to levels like those of lean control subjects and diabetes is reversed (fasting blood glucose < 125 mg/dl). This leads us to propose that 1) exclusion of food from the foregut corrects hyperinsulinemia and 2) fasting insulin is dissociated from the influence of fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and BMI. The mechanisms for reversal of diabetes in the face of reduced insulin remain a paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Reed
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Brody Medical School, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
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Perry CGR, Kane DA, Lin CT, Kozy R, Cathey BL, Lark DS, Kane CL, Brophy PM, Gavin TP, Anderson EJ, Neufer PD. Inhibiting myosin-ATPase reveals a dynamic range of mitochondrial respiratory control in skeletal muscle. Biochem J 2011; 437:215-22. [PMID: 21554250 PMCID: PMC3863643 DOI: 10.1042/bj20110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of mitochondrial ADP-stimulated respiratory kinetics in PmFBs (permeabilized fibre bundles) is increasingly used in clinical diagnostic and basic research settings. However, estimates of the Km for ADP vary considerably (~20-300 μM) and tend to overestimate respiration at rest. Noting that PmFBs spontaneously contract during respiration experiments, we systematically determined the impact of contraction, temperature and oxygenation on ADP-stimulated respiratory kinetics. BLEB (blebbistatin), a myosin II ATPase inhibitor, blocked contraction under all conditions and yielded high Km values for ADP of >~250 and ~80 μM in red and white rat PmFBs respectively. In the absence of BLEB, PmFBs contracted and the Km for ADP decreased ~2-10-fold in a temperature-dependent manner. PmFBs were sensitive to hyperoxia (increased Km) in the absence of BLEB (contracted) at 30 °C but not 37 °C. In PmFBs from humans, contraction elicited high sensitivity to ADP (Km<100 μM), whereas blocking contraction (+BLEB) and including a phosphocreatine/creatine ratio of 2:1 to mimic the resting energetic state yielded a Km for ADP of ~1560 μM, consistent with estimates of in vivo resting respiratory rates of <1% maximum. These results demonstrate that the sensitivity of muscle to ADP varies over a wide range in relation to contractile state and cellular energy charge, providing evidence that enzymatic coupling of energy transfer within skeletal muscle becomes more efficient in the working state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G R Perry
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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SHI R, Macesich JL, Harper BM, Tharrington IH, Gavin TP, Heidal K, Hickner RC, Farrell PA, Pofahl WE, Gordon SE. Muscle Glycogen Content and the eEF2 Response to Resistance Exercise in Young and Old Subjects. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.lb548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rengfei SHI
- Human Performance LabDept. of Exercise and Sport Scienceand Dept. of Physiology
- School of KinesiologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | | | - Bradley M. Harper
- Human Performance LabDept. of Exercise and Sport Scienceand Dept. of Physiology
| | | | - Timothy P. Gavin
- Human Performance LabDept. of Exercise and Sport Scienceand Dept. of Physiology
| | | | - Robert C. Hickner
- Human Performance LabDept. of Exercise and Sport Scienceand Dept. of Physiology
| | - Peter A. Farrell
- Human Performance LabDept. of Exercise and Sport Scienceand Dept. of Physiology
| | | | - Scott E. Gordon
- Human Performance LabDept. of Exercise and Sport Scienceand Dept. of Physiology
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Boyle KE, Canham JP, Consitt LA, Zheng D, Koves TR, Gavin TP, Holbert D, Neufer PD, Ilkayeva O, Muoio DM, Houmard JA. A high-fat diet elicits differential responses in genes coordinating oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle of lean and obese individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:775-81. [PMID: 21190973 PMCID: PMC3047224 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In lean individuals, increasing dietary lipid can elicit an increase in whole body lipid oxidation; however, with obesity the capacity to respond to changes in substrate availability appears to be compromised. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the responses of genes regulating lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle differed between lean and insulin resistant obese humans upon exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD). DESIGN AND SETTING A 5-d prospective study conducted in the research unit of an academic center. PARTICIPANTS Healthy, lean (n = 12; body mass index = 22.1 ± 0.6 kg/m(2)), and obese (n=10; body mass index = 39.6 ± 1.7 kg/m(2)) males and females, between ages 18 and 30. INTERVENTION Participants were studied before and after a 5-d HFD (65% fat). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained in the fasted and fed states before and after the HFD and mRNA content for genes involved with lipid oxidation determined. Skeletal muscle acylcarnitine content was determined in the fed states before and after the HFD. RESULTS Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α mRNA content increased in lean, but not obese, subjects after a single high-fat meal. From Pre- to Post-HFD, mRNA content exhibited a body size × HFD interaction, where the lean individuals increased while the obese individuals decreased mRNA content for pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, uncoupling protein 3, PPARα, and PPARγ coactivator-1α (P ≤ 0.05). In the obese subjects medium-chain acylcarnitine species tended to accumulate, whereas no change or a reduction was evident in the lean individuals. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a differential response to a lipid stimulus in the skeletal muscle of lean and insulin resistant obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Boyle
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA.
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Gordon SE, Tharrington IH, Macesich JL, Harper BM, Hickner RC, Heidal K, Farrell PA, Pofahl WE, Gavin TP. Muscle Glycogen Content and the FOXO3A Response to Resistance Exercise in Young and Old Subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000389509.85950.a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Battaglia G, Zheng D, Gavin TP, Houmard JA. A 3-Day High-Fat Diet Increases Skeletal Muscle Lipid Oxidation in Lean But Not Obese Individuals. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000389420.26816.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Perry CG, Kane DA, Kozy R, Kane CL, Lark DS, Lin CT, Brophy P, Gavin TP, Anderson EJ, Neufer PD. Contraction Increases Mitochondrial Respiratory Sensitivity to ADP at Body Temperature in Human Permeabilized Myofibers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000389461.47901.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gavin TP, Pittman SL, Pak ES, Murashov AK. Gastrocnemius Muscle Capillarization Is Increased In SOD1-G93A Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000386020.59007.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zwetsloot KA, Westerkamp LM, Holmes BF, Gavin TP. AMPK regulates basal skeletal muscle capillarization and VEGF expression, but is not necessary for the angiogenic response to exercise. J Physiol 2008; 586:6021-35. [PMID: 18955383 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.159871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic fuel sensor that monitors cellular energy charge, while the vasculature is important for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis. Mice with muscle-specific inactive AMPK (AMPK DN) were used to investigate if AMPK regulates skeletal muscle capillarization and the angiogenic responses to exercise. Two hours of the AMP analogue AICAR (1.0 g kg(-1)) or systemic hypoxia (6% O(2)) increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in wild-type (WT), but not in AMPK DN mice. In contrast, the increase in VEGF mRNA with acute exercise (1 h at 20 m min(-1), 10% gradient) was greater in AMPK DN compared to WT mice. Nuclear run-on assay demonstrated that exercise increased VEGF transcription, while hypoxia decreased VEGF transcription. There was no difference in VEGF transcription between WT and AMPK DN. There was a strong correlation between VEGF transcription and VEGF mRNA at rest and with exercise. Resting capillarization was lower in AMPK DN compared to WT. Wheel running (28 days) increased capillarization and this response was AMPK independent. Significant correlations between VEGF protein and muscle capillarization are consistent with VEGF being an important determinant of skeletal muscle capillarization. These data are to our knowledge the first to demonstrate in skeletal muscle in vivo that: (1) AMPK is necessary for hypoxia-induced VEGF mRNA stabilization, (2) acute exercise increases VEGF transcription, (3) inhibition of AMPK augments the VEGF mRNA response to acute exercise, and (4) AMPK regulates basal VEGF expression and capillarization, but is not necessary for exercise-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Zwetsloot
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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