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Zhou Y, Bhatt H, Mojica CA, Xin H, Pessina MA, Rosene DL, Moore TL, Medalla M. Mesenchymal-derived extracellular vesicles enhance microglia-mediated synapse remodeling after cortical injury in aging Rhesus monkeys. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:201. [PMID: 37660145 PMCID: PMC10475204 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the microglial neuro-immune interactions in the primate brain is vital to developing therapeutics for cortical injury, such as stroke or traumatic brain injury. Our previous work showed that mesenchymal-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) enhanced motor recovery in aged rhesus monkeys following injury of primary motor cortex (M1), by promoting homeostatic ramified microglia, reducing injury-related neuronal hyperexcitability, and enhancing synaptic plasticity in perilesional cortices. A focal lesion was induced via surgical ablation of pial blood vessels over lying the cortical hand representation of M1 of aged female rhesus monkeys, that received intravenous infusions of either vehicle (veh) or EVs 24 h and again 14 days post-injury. The current study used this same cohort to address how these injury- and recovery-associated changes relate to structural and molecular interactions between microglia and neuronal synapses. Using multi-labeling immunohistochemistry, high-resolution microscopy, and gene expression analysis, we quantified co-expression of synaptic markers (VGLUTs, GLURs, VGAT, GABARs), microglia markers (Iba1, P2RY12), and C1q, a complement pathway protein for microglia-mediated synapse phagocytosis, in perilesional M1 and premotor cortices (PMC). We compared this lesion cohort to age-matched non-lesion controls (ctr). Our findings revealed a lesion-related loss of excitatory synapses in perilesional areas, which was ameliorated by EV treatment. Further, we found region-dependent effects of EVs on microglia and C1q expression. In perilesional M1, EV treatment and enhanced functional recovery were associated with increased expression of C1q + hypertrophic microglia, which are thought to have a role in debris-clearance and anti-inflammatory functions. In PMC, EV treatment was associated with decreased C1q + synaptic tagging and microglia-spine contacts. Our results suggest that EV treatment may enhance synaptic plasticity via clearance of acute damage in perilesional M1, and thereby preventing chronic inflammation and excessive synaptic loss in PMC. These mechanisms may act to preserve synaptic cortical motor networks and a balanced normative M1/PMC synaptic function to support functional recovery after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhou
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Hrishti Bhatt
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Chromewell A Mojica
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Hongqi Xin
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Monica A Pessina
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Tara L Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Zhou Y, Bhatt H, Mojica CA, Xin H, Pessina M, Rosene DL, Moore TL, Medalla M. Mesenchymal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Microglia-mediated Synapse Remodeling after Cortical Injury in Rhesus Monkeys. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2917340. [PMID: 37292805 PMCID: PMC10246272 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2917340/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the microglial neuro-immune interactions in the primate brain is vital to developing therapeutics for cortical injury, such as stroke. Our previous work showed that mesenchymal-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) enhanced motor recovery in aged rhesus monkeys post-injury of primary motor cortex (M1), by promoting homeostatic ramified microglia, reducing injury-related neuronal hyperexcitability, and enhancing synaptic plasticity in perilesional cortices. The current study addresses how these injury- and recovery-associated changes relate to structural and molecular interactions between microglia and neuronal synapses. Using multi-labeling immunohistochemistry, high resolution microscopy, and gene expression analysis, we quantified co-expression of synaptic markers (VGLUTs, GLURs, VGAT, GABARs), microglia markers (Iba-1, P2RY12), and C1q, a complement pathway protein for microglia-mediated synapse phagocytosis, in perilesional M1 and premotor cortices (PMC) of monkeys with intravenous infusions of either vehicle (veh) or EVs post-injury. We compared this lesion cohort to aged-matched non-lesion controls. Our findings revealed a lesion-related loss of excitatory synapses in perilesional areas, which was ameliorated by EV treatment. Further, we found region-dependent effects of EV on microglia and C1q expression. In perilesional M1, EV treatment and enhanced functional recovery were associated with increased expression of C1q + hypertrophic microglia, which are thought to have a role in debris-clearance and anti-inflammatory functions. In PMC, EV treatment was associated with decreased C1q + synaptic tagging and microglial-spine contacts. Our results provided evidence that EV treatment facilitated synaptic plasticity by enhancing clearance of acute damage in perilesional M1, and thereby preventing chronic inflammation and excessive synaptic loss in PMC. These mechanisms may act to preserve synaptic cortical motor networks and a balanced normative M1/PMC synaptic connectivity to support functional recovery after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhou
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Hrishti Bhatt
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Monica Pessina
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | | | - Tara L Moore
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Maria Medalla
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
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Moore TL, Medalla M, Ibañez S, Wimmer K, Mojica CA, Killiany RJ, Moss MB, Luebke JI, Rosene DL. Neuronal properties of pyramidal cells in lateral prefrontal cortex of the aging rhesus monkey brain are associated with performance deficits on spatial working memory but not executive function. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00798-2. [PMID: 37106282 PMCID: PMC10400510 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related declines in cognitive abilities occur as early as middle-age in humans and rhesus monkeys. Specifically, performance by aged individuals on tasks of executive function (EF) and working memory (WM) is characterized by greater frequency of errors, shorter memory spans, increased frequency of perseverative responses, impaired use of feedback and reduced speed of processing. However, how aging precisely differentially impacts specific aspects of these cognitive functions and the distinct brain areas mediating cognition are not well understood. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is known to mediate EF and WM and is an area that shows a vulnerability to age-related alterations in neuronal morphology. In the current study, we show that performance on EF and WM tasks exhibited significant changes with age, and these impairments correlate with changes in biophysical properties of layer 3 (L3) pyramidal neurons in lateral LPFC (LPFC). Specifically, there was a significant age-related increase in excitability of L3 LPFC pyramidal neurons, consistent with previous studies. Further, this age-related hyperexcitability of LPFC neurons was significantly correlated with age-related decline on a task of WM, but not an EF task. The current study characterizes age-related performance on tasks of WM and EF and provides insight into the neural substrates that may underlie changes in both WM and EF with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, MA, 02118, Boston, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, MA, 02115, Boston, USA.
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, MA, 02118, Boston, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, MA, 02115, Boston, USA
| | - Sara Ibañez
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Klaus Wimmer
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Edifici C, Campus Bellaterra, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Chromewell A Mojica
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, MA, 02118, Boston, USA
| | - Ronald J Killiany
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, MA, 02118, Boston, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, MA, 02115, Boston, USA
| | - Mark B Moss
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, MA, 02118, Boston, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, MA, 02115, Boston, USA
| | - Jennifer I Luebke
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, MA, 02118, Boston, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, MA, 02115, Boston, USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W701, MA, 02118, Boston, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, MA, 02115, Boston, USA
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Moore TL, Medalla M, Iba Ez S, Wimmer K, Mojica CA, Killiany RJ, Moss MB, Luebke JI, Rosene DL. Neuronal properties of pyramidal cells in lateral prefrontal cortex of the aging rhesus monkey brain are associated with performance deficits on spatial working memory but not executive function. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.07.527321. [PMID: 36798388 PMCID: PMC9934587 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.07.527321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Age-related declines in cognitive abilities occur as early as middle-age in humans and rhesus monkeys. Specifically, performance by aged individuals on tasks of executive function (EF) and working memory (WM) is characterized by greater frequency of errors, shorter memory spans, increased frequency of perseverative responses, impaired use of feedback and reduced speed of processing. However, how aging precisely differentially impacts specific aspects of these cognitive functions and the distinct brain areas mediating cognition are not well understood. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is known to mediate EF and WM and is an area that shows a vulnerability to age-related alterations in neuronal morphology. In the current study, we show that performance on EF and WM tasks exhibited significant changes with age and these impairments correlate with changes in biophysical properties of L3 pyramidal neurons in lateral LPFC (LPFC). Specifically, there was a significant age-related increase in excitability of Layer 3 LPFC pyramidal neurons, consistent with previous studies. Further, this age-related hyperexcitability of LPFC neurons was significantly correlated with age-related decline on a task of WM, but not an EF task. The current study characterizes age-related performance on tasks of WM and EF and provides insight into the neural substrates that may underlie changes in both WM and EF with age.
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Rickner HD, Jiang L, Hong R, O'Neill NK, Mojica CA, Snyder BJ, Zhang L, Shaw D, Medalla M, Wolozin B, Cheng CS. Single cell transcriptomic profiling of a neuron-astrocyte assembloid tauopathy model. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6275. [PMID: 36271092 PMCID: PMC9587045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of iPSC derived brain organoid models to study neurodegenerative disease has been hampered by a lack of systems that accurately and expeditiously recapitulate pathogenesis in the context of neuron-glial interactions. Here we report development of a system, termed AstTau, which propagates toxic human tau oligomers in iPSC derived neuron-astrocyte assembloids. The AstTau system develops much of the neuronal and astrocytic pathology observed in tauopathies including misfolded, phosphorylated, oligomeric, and fibrillar tau, strong neurodegeneration, and reactive astrogliosis. Single cell transcriptomic profiling combined with immunochemistry characterizes a model system that can more closely recapitulate late-stage changes in adult neurodegeneration. The transcriptomic studies demonstrate striking changes in neuroinflammatory and heat shock protein (HSP) chaperone systems in the disease process. Treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor PU-H71 is used to address the putative dysfunctional HSP chaperone system and produces a strong reduction of pathology and neurodegeneration, highlighting the potential of AstTau as a rapid and reproducible tool for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lulu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rui Hong
- Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Chromewell A Mojica
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Benjamin J Snyder
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lushuang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Dipan Shaw
- Informatics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Christine S Cheng
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Informatics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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