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Farias CP, Soares PSM, Barros FC, Menezes AMB, Gonçalves H, Wehrmeister FC, Pinheiro RT, Quevedo LDA, Horta BL. [Birth conditions and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in adults in the Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohorts of 1982 and 1993]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00138122. [PMID: 37820233 PMCID: PMC10566560 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt138122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the association of birth conditions with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in adults using data from two birth cohorts in the city of Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. In 1982 and 1993 all births in the city were identified and have been prospectively monitored. In the follow-ups at 30 and 22 years of the 1982 (n = 3,574) and 1993 (n = 3,780) cohorts, respectively, participants were examined, and trained psychologists applied the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Those individuals who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria were defined as positive for ADHD. Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) adjusted for sex, maternal skin color, family income, maternal age, maternal schooling during pregnancy, maternal marital status, parity, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. The prevalence of adult ADHD was 4.4% and 4.5% in the 1982 and 1993 cohorts, respectively. The prevalence of ADHD was higher in those born with lower weight, but no linear trend was observed, and those born with weight between 3,000 and 3,499 grams (PR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.05-1.86) had the highest risk. For gestational age, we observed an inversely proportional relationship for the presence of ADHD: preterm infants had a 33% higher risk (95%CI: 0.90-1.96) of being considered as having ADHD than those born at 39 or more weeks, but as the confidence interval included nullity, this association may have occurred at random. These results indicate that birth weight and gestational age may be associated with adult ADHD.
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Carpena MX, Sánchez-Luquez KY, Martins-Silva T, Santos TM, Farias CP, Leventhal DGP, Berruti B, Zeni CP, Schmitz M, Chazan R, Hutz MH, Salatino-Oliveira A, Genro JP, Rohde LA, Tovo-Rodrigues L. Stress-related genetic components in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Effects of the SERPINA6 and SERPINA1 genetic markers in a family-based brazilian sample. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 149:1-9. [PMID: 35217314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
SERPINA6 and SERPINA1 were recently identified as the main genes associated with plasma cortisol concentration in humans. Although dysregulation in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis has been observed in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship are still unclear. Evaluation of the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 gene cluster in ADHD may provide relevant information to uncover them. We tested the association between the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 locus, including 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and ADHD, using data from a Brazilian clinical sample of 259 ADHD probands and their parents. The single SNP association was tested using binary logistic regression, and we performed Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis to evaluate genotype combinations' effects on ADHD susceptibility. We assessed SNPs' regulatory effects through the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) v8 tool, and performed a complementary look-up analysis in the largest ADHD GWAS to date. There was a suggestive association between ADHD and eight variants located in the SERPINA6 region and one in the intergenic region between SERPINA6 and SERPINA1 after correction for multiple tests (p < 0.032). CART analysis showed that the combined effects of genotype GG in rs2144833 and CC in rs10129500 were associated with ADHD (OR = 1.78; CI95% = 1.24-2.55). The GTEx assigned the SNPs as eQTLs for genes in different tissues, including SERPINA6, and the look-up analysis revealed two SNPs associated with ADHD. These results suggest a shared genetic component between cortisol levels and ADHD. HPA dysregulation/altered stress response in ADHD might be mediated by upregulation of corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG, encoded by SERPINA6) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Xavier Carpena
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Developmental Disorders Program, CCBS, Center of Biological Science and Health, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Consolação Street, 896 - Building 28, 1st Floor - Consolação, São Paulo, SP, 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Karen Yumaira Sánchez-Luquez
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais Martins-Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE), Mal. Deodoro Street, 1160 - 3rd Floor, Pelotas, 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Santos
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cid Pinheiro Farias
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gray Paschoal Leventhal
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara Berruti
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristian Patrick Zeni
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Suite 2100, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Marcelo Schmitz
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 400N - Room 2201(a), 2nd Floor - Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Chazan
- Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Post-graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2400 - 2nd Floor - Floresta, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Mara H Hutz
- Post-graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Vale Campus, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave. - Building 43312M, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angélica Salatino-Oliveira
- Post-graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Vale Campus, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Ave. - Building 43312M, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Julia P Genro
- Post-graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite Street, 245 - Centro Histórico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, 400N - Room 2201(a), 2nd Floor - Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, 785 Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos Street, 1(st)floor, Room 6, South Wing - Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, 05403-010, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Post-graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Mal. Deodoro Street 1160, 3rd Floor, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Meucci RD, Farias CP, Paludo CDS, Pagliaro G, Soares MP, de Lima SH, Gonzalez TN, Hoffmann T. Aging in a rural area in southern Brazil: designing a prospective cohort study. Rural Remote Health 2022; 22:6591. [PMID: 35192773 DOI: 10.22605/rrh6591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article presents the methods used to design a prospective cohort study with older adults from a rural area in the far south of Brazil (EpiRural Cohort Study), as well as to describe the cohort profile. METHODS The cohort study began in 2017 and evaluated older adults (≥60 years) living in rural area. The first follow-up of the cohort was carried out between September 2018 and March 2019. Data collection at baseline and first follow-up was performed through an electronic questionnaire containing demographic, socioeconomic and health-related questions, such as alcohol and cigarette consumption, morbidities and self-perceived health status. RESULTS At baseline, 1130 older adults were sampled, 1029 of whom were interviewed (91.1%). The age of almost 17% was 80 years or more, and 55.2% were male. At first follow-up, 862 individuals were followed (83.8%) and the characteristics of the older adults interviewed compared to those not interviewed at follow-up were similar. Between baseline and follow-up, the proportion of individuals aged 70-79 years increased, as well as the proportion of those who had consumed alcoholic beverages in the previous week and who had hypertension. The male-to-female ratio, those who were living alone, working, smokers, diabetics, who had stroke and who reported their health as being very good/good were comparable between the baseline and follow-up. CONCLUSION With a reasonable follow-up rate, it was possible to transform a cross-sectional study into a prospective cohort study. However, new strategies will be needed to help locate participants more successfully and ensure a good response rate in future follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Dalke Meucci
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health and Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cid Pinheiro Farias
- Federal University of Pelotas, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina Dos Santos Paludo
- Federal University of Rio Grande, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Pagliaro
- Federal University of Rio Grande, Faculty of Medicine, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariane Pergher Soares
- Federal University of Rio Grande, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simone Heckler de Lima
- Federal University of Rio Grande, Faculty of Medicine, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Nogueira Gonzalez
- Federal University of Rio Grande, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tchurle Hoffmann
- Federal University of Rio Grande, Faculty of Medicine, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Bock BB, Bastos CR, Ardais AP, Grellert M, de Carvalho HW, Farias CP, Jansen K, Oses JP, da Silva RA, Portela LV, Kaster MP, Lara DR, Ghisleni G. Temperament traits moderate the relationship between Childhood Trauma and Interleukin 1β profile in young adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 116:104671. [PMID: 32422464 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Early life stressors, such as childhood trauma, have been associated to alterations in immune response that can last until adulthood. In this context, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) emerges as a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a pivotal role. Also, considering the temperament differences in stress susceptibility, and even immune dysfunction, studies investigating the complex interaction between these factors are scarce. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the moderating role of temperament traits in the relationship between childhood trauma and serum IL-1β levels. This cross-sectional study consisted of 325 individuals, men and women, aged 18-35, enrolled from a population-based study in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Our main results indicate that higher serum levels of IL-1β were associated with trauma severity (p < 0.01), and the variance of anger could explain 29% of IL-1β increase in individuals who suffered severe trauma (p < 0.05). The effect of anger was considerably stronger in men than in women (46% and 25%, respectively). Moreover, the variance of sensitivity also explained 15% of IL-1β increase (p < 0.05) as well as the variance of volition explained 11% of IL-1β decrease (p < 0.05) in individuals who suffered severe trauma in the general population. Our results indicate that emotional individual differences can moderate the impact of childhood trauma on low-grade inflammation in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha Bueno Bock
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ardais
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mateus Grellert
- Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrônica e Computação, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Cid Pinheiro Farias
- Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Karen Jansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Azevedo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Portela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Manuella Pinto Kaster
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Diogo Rizzato Lara
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
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