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Smeriglio A, Denaro M, Trombetta D, Ragusa S, Circosta C. New Insights on Euphorbia dendroides L. ( Euphorbiaceae): Polyphenol Profile and Biological Properties of Hydroalcoholic Extracts from Aerial Parts. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1621. [PMID: 34451666 PMCID: PMC8399491 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia dendroides L. is a rounded shrub commonly found in the Mediterranean area well-known, since ancient times, for its traditional use. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical profile as well as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of flower (FE), leaf (LE), fruit (FrE), and branch (BE) hydroalcoholic extracts. For this purpose, a preliminary phytochemical screening followed by RP-LC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis, as well as several in vitro cell-free colorimetric assays, were carried out. Moreover, the toxicity of the extracts was investigated by the brine shrimp lethality assay. All extracts showed a high content of polyphenols, in particular phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid 0.74-13.80 g/100 g) and flavonoids (rutin 0.05-2.76 g/100 g and isovitexin 8.02 in BE). All the extracts showed strong and concentration-dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with, on average, the following order of potency: FE, LE, FrE, and BE. Interestingly, all the extracts investigated did not show any toxicity on Artemia salina. Moreover, the only LD50 found (BE, 8.82 mg/mL) is well above the concentration range, which has been shown the biological properties. Considering this, this study offers the first evidence of the possible use of the polyphenol extracts from the aerial parts of E. dendroides as promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.D.); (D.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.D.); (D.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.D.); (D.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Clara Circosta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.D.); (D.T.); (C.C.)
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Muscarà C, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Mandalari G, La Camera E, Grassi G, Circosta C. Phytochemical characterization and biological properties of two standardized extracts from a non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. cannabidiol (CBD)-chemotype. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5269-5281. [PMID: 34173287 PMCID: PMC8518979 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of study was to evaluate and compare the phytochemical profile, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of two standardized extracts from non-psychotropic (Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol ≤0.2%) Cannabis sativa L. var. fibrante rich in cannabidiol (CBD). The two extracts, namely Cannabis Fibrante Hexane Extract 1 (CFHE1) and Cannabis Fibrante Hexane Extract 2 (CFHE2), were obtained by extraction with acidified hexane from dried flowering tops as such and after hydrodistillation of the essential oil, respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis showed that cannabinoids remained the predominant class of compounds in both extracts (82.56% and 86.38%, respectively), whereas a marked depletion of the terpenes occurred. Moreover, liquid chromatographic analysis highlighted a high titer of cannabidiol acid (CBDA) and CBD in CFHE1 and CFHE2, respectively. Both extracts showed a strong and concentration-dependent antioxidant activity and a potent antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (MIC and MBC of 4.88 μg/ml for CFHE1, and 4.88 and 19.53 μg/ml, respectively, for CFHE2) and methicillin resistant clinical strains (MIC values between 1.22 and 9.77 μg/ml and MBC values between 4.88 and 78.13 μg/ml). Considering this, the obtained results suggest that standardized extracts of C. sativa var. fibrante could find promising applications as novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Erminia La Camera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Grassi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) IT, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Clara Circosta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Muscarà C, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Mandalari G, La Camera E, Occhiuto C, Grassi G, Circosta C. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of two standardized extracts from a new Chinese accession of non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1099-1112. [PMID: 33034400 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of two extracts from a new Chinese accession (G-309) of Cannabis sativa L. (Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol <0.2%) with high content of propyl side chain phytocannabinoids. Dried flowering tops, as such and after hydrodistillation of the essential oil, were extracted with acidic hexane to produce the Cannabis Chinese hexane extract 1 (CChHE1) and 2 (CChHE2), respectively. The phytochemical profile of CChHE1 and CChHE2 was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) analyses. The antioxidant properties were assessed by several in vitro cell-free assays. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast Candida albicans. Phytochemical analyses highlighted a high content of cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) and tetraydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA) in CChHE1, and cannabidivarin (CBDV) and tetraydrocannabivarin (THCV) in CChHE2. Both extracts showed remarkable antioxidant activity and strong antimicrobial properties (MIC 39.06 and MBC 39.06-78.13 μg/ml) against both ATCC and methicillin-resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, standardized extracts of C. sativa Chinese accession could be promising for their possible use as novel antibacterial agents for the treatment of widespread S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Erminia La Camera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Occhiuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Grassi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis - Research Center for Industrialcrops (CREA-CI), Rovigo, Italy
| | - Clara Circosta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Alloisio S, Cornara L, Denaro M, Garbati P, Grassi G, Circosta C. Promising in vitro antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and neuroactive effects of essential oil from two non-psychotropic Cannabis sativa L. biotypes. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2287-2302. [PMID: 32309898 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the micro-morphological features of two different non-drug Cannabis sativa L. biotypes (Chinese accession G-309 and one fibrante variety) and to evaluate the phytochemical profile as well as some biological properties of the essential oils (EOs) obtained by hydrodistillation of dried flowering tops. After a micro-morphological evaluation by scanning electron microscopy, the phytochemical composition was analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS analyses. Antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties were investigated by several in vitro cell-free assays, while neuroactive effects were evaluated on mouse cortical neuronal as well as human iPS cell-derived central nervous system cells grown on MEA chips. Both EOs showed strong antioxidant properties mainly attributable to the high content of hydroxylated compounds as well as significant anti-acetylcholinesterase activities (IC50 74.64 and 57.31 μg/ml for Chinese accession and fibrante variety, respectively). Furthermore, they showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous electrical activity of human and mouse neuronal networks, with the fibrante variety, which showed the best activity (MFR, IC50 0.71 and 10.60 μg/ml, respectively). The observed biological activities could be due to a synergic effect between terpenes and phytocannabinoids, although in vivo studies, which clarify the molecular mechanism, are still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Susanna Alloisio
- ETT Spa, Genova, Italy.,National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Cornara
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Garbati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Grassi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis-Research Institute for Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Rovigo, Italy
| | - Clara Circosta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Smeriglio A, Giofrè SV, Galati EM, Monforte MT, Cicero N, D'Angelo V, Grassi G, Circosta C. Inhibition of aldose reductase activity by chemotypes extracts with high content of cannabidiol or cannabigerol. Fitoterapia 2018; 127:101-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Monforte MT, Smeriglio A, Germanò MP, Pergolizzi S, Circosta C, Galati EM. Evaluation of antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and gastroprotective properties of Rubus fruticosus
L. fruit juice. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1404-1414. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Monforte
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Via Stagno d'Alcontres 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Via Stagno d'Alcontres 98166 Messina Italy
- Foundation of Prof. A. Imbesi; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Via Stagno d'Alcontres 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Via Stagno d'Alcontres 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Clara Circosta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Via Stagno d'Alcontres 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Enza Maria Galati
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences; University of Messina; Via Stagno d'Alcontres 98166 Messina Italy
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Smeriglio A, Galati EM, Monforte MT, Lanuzza F, D'Angelo V, Circosta C. Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Cold-Pressed Seed Oil from Finola Cultivar of Cannabis sativa L. Phytother Res 2016. [PMID: 27076277 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.v30.810.1002/ptr.5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of cold-pressed seed oil from Finola cultivar of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Several methodologies have been employed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of Finola hempseed oil (FHSO) and both lipophilic (LF) and hydrophilic fractions (HF). The qualitative and quantitative composition of the phenolic fraction of FHSO was performed by HPLC analyses. From the results is evident that FHSO has high antioxidative activity, as measured by DPPH radical (146.76 mmol of TE/100 g oil), inhibited β-carotene bleaching, quenched a chemically generated peroxyl radical in vitro and showed high ferrous ion chelating activity. Reactivity towards 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation and ferric-reducing antioxidant power values were 695.2 µmol of TE/100g oil and 3690.6 µmol of TE/100 g oil respectively. FHSO contains a significant amount of phenolic compounds of which 2780.4 mg of quercetin equivalent/100 g of total flavonoids. The whole oil showed higher antioxidant activity compared with LF and HF. Our findings indicate that the significant antioxidant properties shown from Finola seed oil might generally depend on the phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, such as flavanones, flavonols, flavanols and isoflavones. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Fondazione Prof. Antonio Imbesi: Borsa di Ricerca Scuola di Specializzazione in Farmacognosia, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enza M Galati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria T Monforte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Valeria D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Clara Circosta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Smeriglio A, Galati EM, Monforte MT, Lanuzza F, D'Angelo V, Circosta C. Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Cold-Pressed Seed Oil from Finola Cultivar ofCannabis sativaL. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1298-307. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina; Messina Italy
- Fondazione Prof. Antonio Imbesi: Borsa di Ricerca Scuola di Specializzazione in Farmacognosia; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Enza M. Galati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Maria T. Monforte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | | | - Valeria D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Clara Circosta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina; Messina Italy
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Abstract
The essential oil of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle fruits (limes) was studied for its potential spasmolytic effects in relation to its chemical composition. The essential oil, extracted by hydrodistillation (HD), was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The antispasmodic activity was evaluated on isolated rabbit jejunum, aorta and uterus. The results indicated that the essential oil of C aurantifolia possesses important spasmolytic properties, which are likely to be due to its major constituents, limonene (58.4%), β-pinene (15.4%), γ-terpinene (8.5%), and citral (4.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Spadaro
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina – Italy
- Fondazione Prof. A. Imbesi, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Costa
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Clara Circosta
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina – Italy
| | - Francesco Occhiuto
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina – Italy
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Spadaro F, Costa R, Circosta C, Occhiuto F. Volatile composition and biological activity of key lime Citrus aurantifolia essential oil. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:1523-1526. [PMID: 23285822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential oil of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle fruits (limes) was studied for its potential spasmolytic effects in relation to its chemical composition. The essential oil, extracted by hydrodistillation (HD), was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The antispasmodic activity was evaluated on isolated rabbit jejunum, aorta and uterus. The results indicated that the essential oil of C. aurantifolia possesses important spasmolytic properties, which are likely to be due to its major constituents, limonene (58.4%), beta-pinene (15.4%), gamma-terpinene (8.5%), and citral (4.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Spadaro
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina - Italy
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Spadaro F, Circosta C, Costa R, Pizzimenti F, Palumbo DR, Occhiuto F. Volatile fraction composition and biological activity of lemon oil (Citrus limonL. Burm.): Comparative study of oils extracted from conventionally grown and biological fruits. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.659518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Palumbo DR, Occhiuto F, Spadaro F, Circosta C. Rhodiola rosea extract protects human cortical neurons against glutamate and hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death through reduction in the accumulation of intracellular calcium. Phytother Res 2011; 26:878-83. [PMID: 22086763 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of a titolated extract from Rhodiola rosea L. (RrE) and of salidroside (Sa), one of the major biologically active compounds extracted from this medicinal plant, against oxidative stressor hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and glutamate (GLU)-induced cell apoptosis in a human cortical cell line (HCN 1-A) maintained in culture. The results obtained indicate that exposure of differentiated HCN 1-A neurons to GLU or H₂O₂ resulted in concentration-dependent cell death. A 24 h pre-treatment with RrE significantly increased cell survival and significantly prevented the plasma membrane damage and the morphological disruption caused by GLU or H₂O₂, indicating that neurons treated with RrE were protected from the neurotoxicity induced by the oxidative stressor used. In addition, RrE significantly reduced H₂O₂ or GLU-induced elevation of intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration. The results obtained have also shown that Sa caused similar effects in all experimental models used; however, the potency of the action was lower than that of the extract containing corresponding quantities of Sa. These findings indicate that RrE has a neuroprotective effect in cortical neurons and suggest that the antioxidant activity of the RrE, due to the structural features of the synergic active principles they contain, may be responsible for its ability to stabilize cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Rita Palumbo
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Occhiuto F, Pino A, Palumbo DR, Samperi S, De Pasquale R, Sturlese E, Circosta C. Relaxing effects of Valeriana officinalis extracts on isolated human non-pregnant uterine muscle. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.02.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study investigated the relaxing effects of Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) on human uterine muscle. The major uses of this species in Europe are as a sedative and an anxiolytic; it is also used as a spasmolytic to treat gastrointestinal spasm.
Methods
We evaluated two valerian extracts (ethanolic and aqueous) in comparison with a natural mixture of valepotriates and nifedipine on spontaneous and agonist-induced contractions in non-pregnant human myometrium in vitro. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis was used to correlate the chemical composition of extracts with their spasmolytic effects. Myometrial strips were obtained from hysterectomy specimens of premenopausal women. Longitudinal muscle strips were mounted vertically in tissue baths under physiological conditions to record their isometric contraction. The responses of cumulative concentrations of valerian extracts on spontaneous contractions in the presence and absence of the β-adrenoceptor blocker atenolol or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indometacin, and on agonist-induced contractions, were investigated.
Key findings
Valerian extracts and valepotriates inhibited uterine contra***ctility in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with either atenolol or indometacin did not affect the uterine responses to valerian extracts. Valerian extract reduced the maximal contractile response induced by acetylcholine, phenylephrine and histamine independent of the stimulus.
Conclusions
Valerian extracts may have direct inhibitory effects on the contractility of the human uterus and this justifies the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of uterine cramping associated with dysmenorrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Occhiuto
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pino
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Dora Rita Palumbo
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Samperi
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rita De Pasquale
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sturlese
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Clara Circosta
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Occhiuto F, Pino A, Palumbo DR, Samperi S, De Pasquale R, Sturlese E, Circosta C. Relaxing effects of Valeriana officinalis extracts on isolated human non-pregnant uterine muscle. J Pharm Pharmacol 2009; 61:251-6. [PMID: 19178774 DOI: 10.1211/jpp/61.02.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relaxing effects of Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) on human uterine muscle. The major uses of this species in Europe are as a sedative and an anxiolytic; it is also used as a spasmolytic to treat gastrointestinal spasm. METHODS We evaluated two valerian extracts (ethanolic and aqueous) in comparison with a natural mixture of valepotriates and nifedipine on spontaneous and agonist-induced contractions in non-pregnant human myometrium in vitro. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis was used to correlate the chemical composition of extracts with their spasmolytic effects. Myometrial strips were obtained from hysterectomy specimens of premenopausal women. Longitudinal muscle strips were mounted vertically in tissue baths under physiological conditions to record their isometric contraction. The responses of cumulative concentrations of valerian extracts on spontaneous contractions in the presence and absence of the beta-adrenoceptor blocker atenolol or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indometacin, and on agonist-induced contractions, were investigated. KEY FINDINGS Valerian extracts and valepotriates inhibited uterine contractility in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with either atenolol or indometacin did not affect the uterine responses to valerian extracts. Valerian extract reduced the maximal contractile response induced by acetylcholine, phenylephrine and histamine independent of the stimulus. CONCLUSIONS Valerian extracts may have direct inhibitory effects on the contractility of the human uterus and this justifies the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of uterine cramping associated with dysmenorrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Occhiuto
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Occhiuto F, Palumbo DR, Samperi S, Zangla G, Pino A, De Pasquale R, Circosta C. The isoflavones mixture from Trifolium pratense L. protects HCN 1-A neurons from oxidative stress. Phytother Res 2009; 23:192-6. [PMID: 18693301 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death has been implicated in different neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's. Using the Alzheimer's disease-associated hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), we investigated the neuroprotective efficacy of a natural mixture of phytoestrogenic isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, biochanin A and formononetin) from Trifolium pratense L. (Red clover) against oxidative stress-induced cell death in human cortical cell line HCN 1-A maintained in culture. Neuronal viability was determined by MTT or trypan blue test and neuronal integrity by morphological analysis.The results obtained indicate that exposure of HCN 1-A cell cultures to hydrogen peroxide resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in neuron viability. Concentration of H(2)O(2) ranging from 50 to 200 microg/ml were toxic to these cultures. A 24-hour pretreatment with 0.5, 1 and 2 microg/ml isoflavones extract significantly increased cell survival as evidenced by MTT or trypan blue test and significantly prevented the morphological disruption caused by H(2)O(2) as shown by microscopical inspection, indicating that neurons treated with isoflavones were protected from the cell death induced by H(2)O(2) exposure. These findings imply that the neuroprotective effect of isoflavones extract is partly associated with its antioxidant activity. Further, results of these investigations indicate that although isoflavones extract exert a neuroprotective effect, it do not promoted cortical neuron process outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Occhiuto
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina Italy.
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Circosta C, Pasquale AD, Occhiuto F, Ragusa S, Tumino G. Morphological Characterization of the Genus Datura: SectionStramonium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/13880208509069032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Occhiuto F, Limardi F, Circosta C. Effects of the Non-Volatile Residue from the Essential Oil of Citrus bergamia on the Central Nervous System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/13880209509065363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Occhiuto
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Vill. S.S. Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Foca Limardi
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Vill. S.S. Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Clara Circosta
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Vill. S.S. Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
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Occhiuto F, Zangla G, Samperi S, Palumbo DR, Pino A, De Pasquale R, Circosta C. The phytoestrogenic isoflavones from Trifolium pratense L. (Red clover) protects human cortical neurons from glutamate toxicity. Phytomedicine 2008; 15:676-682. [PMID: 18539019 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 03/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous steroid estrogen has been shown to affect neuronal growth, differentiation and survival. Genistein, daidzein and other isoflavones have been shown to mimic the pharmacological actions of the gonadal steroid estrogen with which they have structural similarities. Several studies have looked at the effect of isoflavones in the brain. In the present study, human cortical cell line HCN 1-A maintained in culture was used to test the neuroprotective efficacy of a natural mixture of phytoestrogenic isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, biochanin A and formononetin) from Red clover against glutamate toxicity. Neuronal viability was determined by MTT or trypan blue test and neuronal membrane damage was quantitatively measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The results obtained indicate that exposure of HCN 1-A cell cultures to glutamate resulted in concentration-dependent decreases in neuron viability. Concentration of glutamate ranging from 0.01 to 5 mM was toxic to these cultures. A 24-h pretreatment with 0.5, 1 and 2 microg/ml isoflavones enriched fraction (IEF) significantly increased cell survival and significantly decreased cellular lactate dehydrogenase release from differentiated cortical neurons, indicating that neurons treated with isoflavones were protected from the cell death induced by glutamate exposure. Moreover, the pretreatment with IEF prevented the morphological disruption caused by glutamate as shown by microscopical inspection. These findings indicate that IEF has a neuroprotective effect in human cortical neurons and that this effect might be resulted from his antioxidant and estrogenic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Occhiuto
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Circosta C, De Pasquale R, Samperi S, Pino A, Occhiuto F. Biological and analytical characterization of two extracts from Valeriana officinalis. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 112:361-7. [PMID: 17467210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The anticoronaryspastic and antibronchospastic activities of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Valeriana officinalis L. roots were investigated in anaesthetized guinea-pigs and the results were correlated with the qualitative/quantitative chemical composition of the extracts in order to account for some of the common uses of this plant. The protective effects of orally administered ethanolic and aqueous extracts (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) were evaluated against pitressin-induced coronary spasm and pressor response in guinea-pigs and were compared with those of nifedipine. Furthermore, the protective effects against histamine-induced and Oleaceae antigen challenge-induced bronchospasm were evaluated. Finally, the two valerian extracts were analytically characterized by qualitative and quantitative chromatographic analysis. The results showed that the two valeriana extracts possessed significant anticoronaryspastic, antihypertensive and antibronchospastic properties. These were similar to those exhibited by nifedipine and are due to the structural features of the active principles they contain. This study justifies the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of some respiratory and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Circosta
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Vill. SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Occhiuto F, Pasquale RD, Guglielmo G, Palumbo DR, Zangla G, Samperi S, Renzo A, Circosta C. Effects of phytoestrogenic isoflavones from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) on experimental osteoporosis. Phytother Res 2007; 21:130-4. [PMID: 17117453 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The most common type of osteoporosis is bone loss associated with ovarian hormone deficiency at menopause. There is evidence that diets which contain high levels of phytoestrogenic isoflavones are associated with a low incidence of osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms. Plant extracts, which contain high levels of isoflavones, such as Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), have been used to reduce menopausal symptoms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of Red clover total isoflavones on the progression of bone loss induced by estrogens deficiency (ovariectomy) in rats. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed on female Wistar rats. One week after the operation the rats were treated with an oral dose of 20 and 40 mg of total isoflavones daily for 14 weeks. The results from this study showed that the ovariectomy reduced bone mineral content, femoral weight, femoral density, mechanical strength of the tibia and increased the levels of bone specific alkaline phosphatase in the serum and the number of osteoclasts in the femur sections compared with sham operated controls. Treatment with isoflavones significantly increased bone mineral content, mechanical strength of the tibia, femoral weight, femoral density and prevented the rise of serum alkaline phosphatase levels. In addition, the treatment with isoflavones significantly reduced the number of osteoclasts compared with the ovariectomized control rats. These findings suggest that Red clover isoflavones are effective in reducing bone loss induced by ovariectomy, probably by reducing of the bone turnover via inhibition of bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Occhiuto
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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21
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Circosta C, De Pasquale R, Palumbo DR, Occhiuto F. Bronchodilatory effects of the aqueous extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and gypenosides III and VIII in anaesthetized guinea-pigs. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 57:1053-8. [PMID: 16102262 DOI: 10.1211/0022357056613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The bronchodilatory activity of the aqueous extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino leaves was investigated in anaesthetized guinea-pigs and compared with two of its isolated gypenosides (III and VIII). The results showed that the intravenous administration of the decoction of G. pentaphyllum (2.5, 5 or 10 mg kg(-1)) decreased bronchial resistance in basal conditions and significantly (P < 0.01) reduced (68% inhibition) the bronchoconstrictor action of histamine. Furthermore, the extract antagonized (80% inhibition) the bronchoconstrictor response induced by the antigen in sensitized guinea-pigs. Gypenosides III (0.7 mg kg(-1), i.v.) and VIII (0.3 mg kg(-1), i.v.) caused a similar protective effect in both experimental models used; however, the duration and the intensity of the action was less than that of the extract containing corresponding quantities of gypenosides III and VIII. This study confirmed the validity of the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Circosta
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Abstract
Since ancient times, extracts of plants have been used for women's health to prevent menopausal symptoms. The symptoms of menopause have been attributed to a reduction in the amount of estrogen produced by the ovaries. In this study the estrogenic activity of a commercial standardized extract of the roots of Angelica sinensis, used to relieve climacteric symptoms was evaluated using in vivo tests such as the degree of cornification of vaginal epithelium, uterotrophic assays and serum LH concentration in ovariectomized rats. Furthermore, the effects on the estrous cycle in rat were investigated. The results obtained have shown that the administration of a standardized ethanol extract in ovariectomized rats exhibited a stimulation of the uterine histoarchitecture, a significant cornification in the vaginal epithelium and a reduction of serum LH concentration showing the estrogenic nature of the extract. Furthermore, the administration of the extract in intact female rats provoked a significant modification of the vaginal smear in 67% of treated rats. The estrous cycle thus modified was characterized by a prolonged estrus stage with a temporary reduction of the regular cyclicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Circosta
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Circosta C, De Pasquale R, Palumbo DR, Samperi S, Occhiuto F. Effects of isoflavones from red clover (Trifolium pratense) on skin changes induced by ovariectomy in rats. Phytother Res 2006; 20:1096-9. [PMID: 17078110 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens have a profound influence on skin. The relative hypoestrogenism that accompanies menopause exacerbates the deleterious effects of both intrinsic and environmental aging. Estrogens improve skin in many ways. Among these, they increase collagen content, skin thickness and improve skin moisture. There is evidence that diets with high levels of phytoestrogenic isoflavones are associated with a low incidence of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis. Plant extracts such as red clover, which contain high levels of isoflavones, have been used to reduce menopausal symptoms and have been shown to reduce bone loss in healthy women. In this study to investigate the effects of red clover isoflavones on skin aging, the histology of the skin, skin thickness and the amount of total collagen determined by a colorimetric method, were studied in ovariectomized rats after treatment for 14 weeks with a red clover extract standardized to contain 11% isoflavones determined by HPLC. In ovariectomized rats the thickness and keratinization of the epidermis were reduced; glands were less in number and vascularity was poor; the distribution and morphology of the collagen bundles and elastic fibers were altered. Whereas the skin of the ovariectomized rats treated with red clover isoflavones (20 and 40 mg of total isoflavones daily for 14 weeks) appeared well organized with a normal epidermis with uniform thickness and regular keratinization; vascularity, collagen and elastic fibers were well developed. The amount of collagen significantly increased in the treated group in comparison with the control group. These findings suggest that red clover isoflavones are effective in reducing skin aging induced by estrogen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Circosta
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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24
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Abstract
In the present study, the cardiovascular activity of the aqueous extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino leaves was investigated in the anaestetized guinea-pigs and has been compared with two of its isolated gypenosides (III, VIII) and with verapamil, a well-known Ca-antagonistic drug. The results obtained showed that the intravenous administration of the decoction of G. pentaphyllum (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg) produced a protective effect against pitressin-induced coronaryspasm, arrhythmias and pressor response. Extract also increased the dose of ouabain required to cause ventricular tachyarrhythmias and lethality. Further extract reversed ouabain-induced persistent ventricular tachycardia and restored sinus rhythm in a dose-dependent manner. The results obtained have also shown that gypenosides III and VIII caused similar protective effects in both experimental models used; however, the duration of the action is lower than that of the extract containing corresponding quantities of gypenosides III and VIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Circosta
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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25
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Abstract
Effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. roots, have been studied on oestrous cycle and on some parameters of oestrogenic functionality in rats. Both extracts have been shown to interrupt the normal oestrous cycle in 60 and 80%, respectively, of rats treated. The rats exhibited prolonged dioestrous stage of the oestrous cycle with consequent temporary inhibition of ovulation. The contemporary administration of commercial oestro-progestinic preparation exhibited the same effects in 100% of rats treated. However, the extracts have not demonstrated to possess oestrogenic activity when tested in immature female bilaterally ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Circosta
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Italy.
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de Pasquale R, Circosta C, Occhiuto F, de Rosa S, de Stefano S. Pharmacological studies on terpenoids from marine sponges: Analgesic and muscle relaxant effects. Phytother Res 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650050202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Occhiuto F, Circosta C, Gregorio A, Busa G. Olea europaea L. and oleuropein: Effects on excito-conduction and on monophasic action potential in anaesthetized dogs. Phytother Res 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Occhiuto F, Circosta C, de Pasquale A, Briguglio F. Comparative haemodynamic effects of the flavonoids rhoifolin and vitexin in the dog. Phytother Res 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650040310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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De Pasquale R, Circosta C, Occhiuto F, De Stefano S, De Rosa S. Central nervous system activity of terpenoids from marine sponge. Pharmacol Res Commun 1988; 20 Suppl 5:23-6. [PMID: 2907790 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-6989(88)80833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Some terpenoids extracted from marine sponge: triacetylated disidein, 2-tetraprenyl benzoquinol and 4 hydroxy-3-tetraprenylbenzoic acid 2-polyprenyl benzoquinols, avarol and furospongin-1 were tested by multidimensional Irwin screening and with some tests for analgesic and muscle relaxant activity. The three prenylhydroquinols derivatives and avarol show a good analgesic activity and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R De Pasquale
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Biologico, Università di Messina, Italy
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Vigorita MG, Previtera T, Basile M, Fenech G, Costa de Pasquale R, Occhiuto F, Circosta C. 3,3'-Di[1,3-thiazolidine-4-one]system. IV. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 3,3'(1,2-ethanediyl)bis [2-aryl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-one 1,1-dioxide] derivatives. Farmaco Sci 1988; 43:373-9. [PMID: 3264536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The 1,1' disulfones obtained by oxidation of the corresponding dl and meso 3,3'(1,2-ethanediyl)bis [2-aryl-4-thiazolidinone] compounds previously investigated, were evaluated as anti-histamine, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic agents. All 2,2' fluorophenyl compounds were found to be significantly active in inhibiting carrageenin-induced edema, whereas only para-substituted derivatives were active on the histamine-induced bronchospasm in the guinea-pig. They also showed analgesic effects that reached and sometimes exceeded those of indomethacin and phenylbutazone used as reference drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Vigorita
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Facolta' di Farmacia, Universita' di Messina, Italy
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Briguglio F, Briguglio E, Di Marco V, Circosta C, Trozzi A. [Changes in erythrocyte ATP after the oral administration of buflomedil hydrochloride]. Minerva Med 1987; 78:553-6. [PMID: 3574742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Variations in erythrocyte ATP content were studied after the oral administration of 600 mg Buflomedil a day for seven days in ten vasculopathy patients. In all patients the drug increased erythrocyte ATP.
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Briguglio F, Di Marco V, Briguglio E, Circosta C, Trozzi A, Benecchi E. [Buflomedil and the speed of glycolysis. Note I]. Minerva Med 1987; 78:549-52. [PMID: 3574741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro study was conducted into the speed of glycolysis is human erythrocytes. Incubation with Buflomedil does not change the speed of glycolysis.
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Previtera T, Basile M, Vigorita MG, Fenech G, Occhiuto F, Circosta C, Costa de Pasquale R. 3,3′-Di [1,3-thiazolidine-4-one] system. II. Anti-inflammatory and anti-histaminic properties in new substituted derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(87)90175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Briguglio F, Di Marco V, Circosta C, Padovano I, Ragusa S, Saija A, Briguglio E. Metabolic effects of buflomedil hydrochloride. J Int Med Res 1985; 13:131-58. [PMID: 2989026 DOI: 10.1177/030006058501300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Vigorita MG, Previtera T, Basile M, Fenech G, Costa De Pasquale R, Occhiuto F, Circosta C. [3,3'-bi-1,3-thiazolidine]-4,4'-dione system. I. Synthesis, conformational analysis and pharmacological activities of 2,2'-diaryl derivatives. Farmaco Sci 1984; 39:1008-23. [PMID: 6335693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The two configurational isomers, d1, and meso, of some 2,2'-diaryl-[3,3'-bi-1,3-thiazolidine]-4,4'-dione derivatives have been obtained and characterized. The 1H-N.M.R. spectra of both stereoisomers in DMSO-d6 solution are temperature-dependent and their dynamic behaviour has been related to the hindered rotation of the N--N bond. Evidence for an orthogonal disposition of the two heterocyclic rings, in the ground state, is presented. These new bicyclic compounds possess interesting antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities as well as low acute toxicity and ulcerogenicity. The antiinflammatory effect, which in some compounds is higher than that of indomethacin and phenylbutazone, appears to be a function of the relative disposition of the substituents at position 2 and 2': generally the meso isomers are more active than the d1 ones. The lipophilicity of the tested compounds was determined by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography.
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Costa de Pasquale R, Ragusa S, Circosta C, Forestieri AM. Investigations on Dieffenbachia amoena Gentil. I: Endocrine effects and contraceptive activity. J Ethnopharmacol 1984; 12:293-303. [PMID: 6442750 DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(84)90059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Contraceptive activity and the correlated endocrine alterations of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Dieffenbachia amoena were investigated. In female Wistar rats the extract, given for 4 days during the estrous cycle, induced significant variations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL) progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol levels. It also determined a reversible interruption of the estrous cycle with consequent temporary inhibition of ovulation.
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Vigorita MG, Saporito G, Nastasi S, Costa De Pasquale R, Occhiuto F, Circosta C. N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives as pharmacological agents. III. Analgesic, antipyretic activities and physicochemical features of some antiinflammatory trifluoroacetanilides. Farmaco Sci 1984; 39:810-6. [PMID: 6333993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Further pharmacological (antipyretic and analgesic activities) and physicochemical (pka and relative lipophilicity) studies are reported on some trifluoroacetanilides which have preliminary revealed promising activities in the animal models of acute and chronic inflammation, in analogy with the known antiinflammatory trifluoromethanesulfonanilides.
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Chimirri A, Grasso S, Fenech G, Monforte P, Circosta C, Occhiuto F, Ragusa S. 1-Halophenyl-N,N'-di-(2-heteroaryl)-methylendiamines and 1-halophenyl-3-(2-heteroaryl)-thiazolidin-4-ones as potential hypotensive agents. Boll Chim Farm 1984; 123:416-24. [PMID: 6529495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ragusa S, Circosta C, Galati EM, Tumino G. A drug used in traditional medicine. Harpagophytum procumbens DC. I. Scanning electron microscope observations. J Ethnopharmacol 1984; 11:245-257. [PMID: 6482476 DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(84)90071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Histological characteristics, as observed by scanning electron microscope, of the secondary roots of Harpagophytum procumbens DC. (Pedaliaceae), a drug widely used in South African traditional medicine, specially by Bushmen, Hottentots and Bantu, are described in detail. It has been possible to reveal some morphological elements that, together with superficial granular material containing harpagoside and harpagide, allow drug identification.
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Circosta C, Occhiuto F, Ragusa S, Trovato A, Tumino G, Briguglio F, de Pasquale A. A drug used in traditional medicine: Harpagophytum procumbens DC. II. Cardiovascular activity. J Ethnopharmacol 1984; 11:259-274. [PMID: 6482477 DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(84)90072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In conscious normotensive rats the dried crude methanolic extract of Harpagophytum procumbens secondary roots caused a significant dose-dependent reduction of arterial blood pressure. The decrease was significant only at higher doses given by gavage (dried extract = 400 mg/kg). At the same time a decrease of heart rate was observed. In the same experimental conditions, harpagoside presented an activity lower than doses of Harpagophytum procumbens extract containing corresponding quantities of harpagoside. In spontaneously beating Langendorff preparations of rabbit heart, the Harpagophytum procumbens methanolic extract caused a mild decrease in the heart rate with a concomitant mild positive inotropic effect at lower doses but a marked negative inotropic effect at higher doses. The coronary flow decreased at higher doses only. The negative chronotropic and positive inotropic effects of harpagoside were comparatively higher with respect to that of the extract, whereas harpagide had only a slight negative chronotropic effect and a considerable negative inotropic one. Both in experiments on intact rats and on isolated rabbit heart, the Harpagophytum procumbens extract also demonstrated a protective action with regard to arrhythmias induced by aconitine, and particularly to those provoked by calcium chloride and epinephrine--chloroform.
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Vigorita MG, Previtera T, Saporito G, Costa De Pasquale R, Circosta C, Occhiuto F. N-Trifluoroacetyl derivatives as pharmacological agents. II. Trifluoroacetanilides: synthesis and antiinflammatory activity. Farmaco Sci 1984; 39:403-13. [PMID: 6734816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The analogy with the anti-inflammatory trifluoromethane-sulfonanilides prompted us to the synthesis of a series of trifluoroacetanilides which were found to maintain the pharmacological properties of the analog sulfonanilides. Many of the obtained compounds inhibited either the carrageenin-induced rat paw edema and the adjuvant-induced arthritis; some showed better anti-inflammatory properties than indomethacin and phenylbutazone. Acute toxicity and ulcerogenic effects were significantly lower than those of reference drugs.
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