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Vilaboa N, Lopez JA, de Mesa M, Escudero-Duch C, Winfield N, Bayford M, Voellmy R. Disruption of Proteostasis by Natural Products and Synthetic Compounds That Induce Pervasive Unfolding of Proteins: Therapeutic Implications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040616. [PMID: 37111374 PMCID: PMC10145903 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of many cancer cells, including multiple myeloma cells, to cytotoxic concentrations of natural products celastrol and withaferin A or synthetic compounds of the IHSF series resulted in denaturation of a luciferase reporter protein. Proteomic analysis of detergent-insoluble extract fractions from HeLa-derived cells revealed that withaferin A, IHSF058 and IHSF115 caused denaturation of 915, 722 and 991 of 5132 detected cellular proteins, respectively, of which 440 were targeted by all three compounds. Western blots showed that important fractions of these proteins, in some cases approaching half of total protein amounts, unfolded. Relatively indiscriminate covalent modification of target proteins was observed; 1178 different proteins were modified by IHSF058. Further illustrating the depth of the induced proteostasis crisis, only 13% of these proteins detectably aggregated, and 79% of the proteins that aggregated were not targets of covalent modification. Numerous proteostasis network components were modified and/or found in aggregates. Proteostasis disruption caused by the study compounds may be more profound than that mediated by proteasome inhibitors. The compounds act by a different mechanism that may be less susceptible to resistance development. Multiple myeloma cells were particularly sensitive to the compounds. Development of an additional proteostasis-disrupting therapy of multiple myeloma is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Vilaboa
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Lopez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco de Mesa
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Escudero-Duch
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalie Winfield
- Domainex Ltd., Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Essex, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Melanie Bayford
- Domainex Ltd., Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Essex, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, UK
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Escudero-Duch C, Muñoz-Moreno L, Martin-Saavedra F, Sanchez-Casanova S, Lerma-Juarez MA, Vilaboa N. Remote control of transgene expression using noninvasive near-infrared irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol B 2023; 242:112697. [PMID: 36963296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether noninvasive near-infrared (NIR) energy could be transduced into heat in deep-seated organs in which adenovirus type-5 vectors tend to accumulate, thereby activating heat shock protein (HSP) promoter-mediated transgene expression, without local administration of photothermal agents. NIR irradiation of the subdiaphragmatic and left dorsocranial part of the abdominal cavity of adult immunocompetent C3H/HeNRj mice with an 808-nm laser effectively increased the temperature of the irradiated regions of the liver and spleen, respectively, resulting in the accumulation of the heat-inducible HSP70 protein. Spatial control of transgene expression was achieved in the NIR-irradiated regions of the mice administered an adenoviral vector carrying a firefly luciferase (fLuc) coding sequence controlled by a human HSP70B promoter, as assessed by bioluminescence and immunohistochemistry analyses. Levels of reporter gene expression were modulated by controlling NIR power density. Spatial control of transgene expression through NIR-focused activation of the HSP70B promoter, as well as temporal regulation by administering rapamycin was achieved in the spleens of mice inoculated with an adenoviral vector encoding a rapamycin-dependent transactivator driven by the HSP70B promoter and an adenoviral vector carrying a fLuc coding sequence controlled by the rapamycin-activated transactivator. Mice that were administered rapamycin and exposed to NIR light expressed fLuc activity in the splenic region, whereas no activity was detected in mice that were only administered rapamycin or vehicle or only NIR-irradiated. Thus, in the absence of any exogenously supplied photothermal material, remote control of heat-induced transgene expression can be achieved in the liver and spleen by means of noninvasive NIR irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Escudero-Duch
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Moreno
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Martin-Saavedra
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Sanchez-Casanova
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Lerma-Juarez
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilaboa
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
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Escudero-Duch C, Vilaboa N. Recent efforts in the development of nanomaterials to control transgene expression. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2019-2022. [PMID: 32779525 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Escudero-Duch
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilaboa
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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Escudero-Duch C, Martin-Saavedra F, Prieto M, Sanchez-Casanova S, Lopez D, Sebastian V, Arruebo M, Santamaria J, Vilaboa N. Gold nanoparticles for the in situ polymerization of near-infrared responsive hydrogels based on fibrin. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:306-315. [PMID: 31568875 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasiveness and relative safety of photothermal therapy, which enables local hyperthermia of target tissues using a near infrared (NIR) laser, has attracted increasing interest. Due to their biocompatibility, amenability of synthesis and functionalization, gold nanoparticles have been investigated as therapeutic photothermal agents. In this work, hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNP) were coated with poly-l-lysine through the use of COOH-Poly(ethylene glycol)-SH as a covalent linker. The functionalized HGNP, which peak their surface plasmon resonance at 800 nm, can bind thrombin. Thrombin-conjugated HGNP conduct in situ fibrin polymerization, facilitating the process of generating photothermal matrices. Interestingly, the metallic core of thrombin-loaded HGNP fragmentates at physiological temperature. During polymerization process, matrices prepared with thrombin-loaded HGNP were loaded with genetically-modified stem cells that harbour a heat-activated and ligand-dependent gene switch for regulating transgene expression. NIR laser irradiation of resulting cell constructs in the presence of ligand successfully triggered transgene expression in vitro and in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Current technological development allows synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNP) in a wide range of shapes and sizes, consistently and at scale. GNP, stable and easily functionalized, show low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility. Allied to that, GNP present optoelectronic properties that have been exploited in a range of biomedical applications. Following a layer-by-layer functionalization approach, we prepared hollow GNP coated with a positively charged copolymer that enabled thrombin conjugation. The resulting nanomaterial efficiently catalyzed the formation of fibrin hydrogels which convert energy of the near infrared (NIR) into heat. The resulting NIR-responsive hydrogels can function as scaffolding for cells capable of controlled gene expression triggered by optical hyperthermia, thus allowing the deployment of therapeutic gene products in desired spatiotemporal frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Escudero-Duch
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046 Spain; CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - Francisco Martin-Saavedra
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046 Spain; CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain.
| | - Martin Prieto
- Departmento de Ingenieria Quimica, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro. Edificio I+D. C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza 50018 Spain; CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (ICMA-CSIC), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Silvia Sanchez-Casanova
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046 Spain; CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - Daniel Lopez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Polimeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (ICTP-CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006 Spain
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Departmento de Ingenieria Quimica, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro. Edificio I+D. C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza 50018 Spain; CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (ICMA-CSIC), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Departmento de Ingenieria Quimica, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro. Edificio I+D. C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza 50018 Spain; CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (ICMA-CSIC), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Jesus Santamaria
- Departmento de Ingenieria Quimica, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro. Edificio I+D. C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n, Zaragoza 50018 Spain; CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (ICMA-CSIC), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Nuria Vilaboa
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046 Spain; CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain.
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Martín-Saavedra F, Crespo L, Escudero-Duch C, Saldaña L, Gómez-Barrena E, Vilaboa N. Substrate Microarchitecture Shapes the Paracrine Crosstalk of Stem Cells with Endothelial Cells and Osteoblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15182. [PMID: 29123118 PMCID: PMC5680323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the hypothesis that substrate microarchitecture regulates the crosstalk between human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and cell types involved in bone regeneration. Compared with polyester flat substrates having uniformly distributed homogenous pores (2D), three-dimensional polystyrene substrates with randomly oriented and interconnected pores of heterogeneous size (3D) stimulated the stromal secretion of IGF-1 while lessened the production of VEGFR-1, MCP-1 and IL-6. The medium conditioned by hMSC cultured in 3D substrates stimulated tube formation by human endothelial cells (hEC) to a higher extent than medium from 2D cultures. 3D co-cultures of hMSC and hEC contained higher secreted levels of IGF-1, EGF and FGF-2 than 2D co-cultures, resulting in increased hEC proliferation and migration. Substrate microarchitecture influenced the secretion of factors related to bone remodeling as the ratio RANKL to OPG, and the levels of M-CSF and IL-6 were higher in 3D co-cultures of hMSC and human osteoblasts (hOB) than in 2D co-cultures. Cytokine microenvironment in 3D co-cultures stimulated osteoblast matrix reorganization while demoted the late steps of osteoblastic maturation. Altogether, data in this study may unveil a new role of scaffold microarchitecture during bone regeneration, as modulator of the paracrine relationships that hMSC establish with hEC and hOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Martín-Saavedra
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Crespo
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Escudero-Duch
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Saldaña
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Barrena
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilaboa
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain. .,Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
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Martín-Saavedra F, Ruiz-Hernández E, Escudero-Duch C, Prieto M, Arruebo M, Sadeghi N, Deckers R, Storm G, Hennink WE, Santamaría J, Vilaboa N. Lipogels responsive to near-infrared light for the triggered release of therapeutic agents. Acta Biomater 2017; 61:54-65. [PMID: 28801266 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a composite system based on fibrin hydrogels that incorporate in their structure near-infrared (NIR) responsive nanomaterials and thermosensitive liposomes (TSL). Polymerized fibrin networks entrap simultaneously gold-based nanoparticles (NPs) capable of transducing NIR photon energy into heat, and lysolipid-incorporated TSL (LTSL) loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). NIR irradiation of the resulting hydrogels (referred to as "lipogels") with 808nm laser light increased the temperature of the illuminated areas, leading to the release of the liposomal cargo. Levels of DOX that release from the "smart" composites were dependent on the concentration of NIR nanotransducers loaded in the lipogel, the intensity of the electromagnetic energy deposited and the irradiation regime. Released DOX retained its bioactivity, as shown in cultures of epithelial carcinoma cells. Finally, the developed drug delivery platform was refined by using NIR-photoabsorbers based on copper sulfide NPs to generate completely biodegradable composites as well as through the incorporation of cholesterol (Ch) in LTSL formulation, which lessens leakiness of the liposomal cargo at physiological temperature. This remotely controlled system may suit well for those therapies that require precise control over the dose of delivered drug in a defined spatiotemporal framework. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogels composed of fibrin embedding nanoparticles responsive to near infrared (NIR) energy and thermosensitive liposomes loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), were prepared by in situ polymerization. NIR-light irradiation of these constructs, referred to as "NIR responsive lipogels", results in the controlled release of DOX to the surrounding medium. This technology may use fully degradable components and can preserve the bioactivity of liposomal cargo after remote triggering to finely regulate the dose and bioavailability of delivered payloads. NIR responsive lipogels technology overcomes the limitations of drug release systems based on the combination of liposomes and degradable polymeric materials, which in many cases lead to insufficient release at therapy onset or to overdose during high degradation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Martín-Saavedra
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain; University Hospital La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Hernández
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Clara Escudero-Duch
- University Hospital La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain.
| | - Martín Prieto
- Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50.018 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain.
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50.018 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain.
| | - Negar Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO BOX 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Roel Deckers
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO BOX 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO BOX 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50.018 Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain.
| | - Nuria Vilaboa
- University Hospital La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Spain.
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Palao-Suay R, Martín-Saavedra FM, Rosa Aguilar M, Escudero-Duch C, Martín-Saldaña S, Parra-Ruiz FJ, Rohner NA, Thomas SN, Vilaboa N, San Román J. Photothermal and photodynamic activity of polymeric nanoparticles based on α-tocopheryl succinate-RAFT block copolymers conjugated to IR-780. Acta Biomater 2017; 57:70-84. [PMID: 28511874 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was the generation of a multifunctional nanopolymeric system that incorporates IR-780 dye, a near-infrared (NIR) imaging probe that exhibits photothermal and photodynamic properties; and a derivate of α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS), a mitochondria-targeted anticancer compound. IR-780 was conjugated to the hydrophilic segment of copolymer PEG-b-polyMTOS, based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and a methacrylic derivative of α-tocopheryl succinate (MTOS), to generate IR-NP, self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous media which exhibit a hydrophilic shell and a hydrophobic core. During assembly, the hydrophobic core of IR-NP could encapsulate additional IR-780 to generate derived subspecies carrying different amount of probe (IR-NP-eIR). Evaluation of photo-inducible properties of IR-NP and IR-NP-eIR were thoroughly assessed in vitro. Developed nanotheranostic particles showed distinct fluorescence and photothermal behavior after excitation by a laser light emitting at 808nm. Treatment of MDA-MB-453 cells with IR-NP or IR-NP-eIR resulted in an efficient internalization of the IR-780 dye, while subsequent NIR-laser irradiation led to a severe decrease in cell viability. Photocytoxicity conducted by IR-NP, which could not be attributed to the generation of lethal hyperthermia, responded to an increase in the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the fluorescence imaging and inducible phototoxicity capabilities of NPs derived from IR-780-PEG-b-polyMTOS copolymer confer high value to these nanotheranostics tools in clinical cancer research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) that combine imaging and therapeutic properties are highly valuable in cancer treatment. In this paper we describe the development of NPs that are fluorescent in the near-infrared (NIR). This is important for their visualization in living tissues that present low absorption and low autofluorescence in this wavelength region (between 700 and 1000nm). Moreover, NPs present photothermal and photodynamic properties when NIR irradiated: the NPs produce an efficient increment of temperature and increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) when laser irradiated at 808nm. These tuneable photoinduced properties make the NPs highly cytotoxic after NIR irradiation and provide a new tool for highly precise cancer treatment.
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