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Jaisa-Aad M, Muñoz-Castro C, Healey MA, Hyman BT, Serrano-Pozo A. Characterization of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) as a biomarker of reactive astrogliosis in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:66. [PMID: 38568475 PMCID: PMC10991006 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis accompanies the two neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles-and parallels neurodegeneration in AD and AD-related dementias (ADRD). Thus, there is growing interest in developing imaging and fluid biomarkers of reactive astrogliosis for AD/ADRD diagnosis and prognostication. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) is emerging as a target for PET imaging radiotracers of reactive astrogliosis. However, a thorough characterization of MAO-B expression in postmortem control and AD/ADRD brains is lacking. We sought to: (1) identify the primary cell type(s) expressing MAO-B in control and AD brains; (2) quantify MAO-B immunoreactivity in multiple brain regions of control and AD donors as a proxy for PET radiotracer uptake; (3) correlate MAO-B level with local AD neuropathological changes, reactive glia, and cortical atrophy; (4) determine whether the MAOB rs1799836 SNP genotype impacts MAO-B expression level; (5) compare MAO-B immunoreactivity across AD/ADRD, including Lewy body diseases (LBD) and frontotemporal lobar degenerations with tau (FTLD-Tau) and TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP). We found that MAO-B is mainly expressed by subpial and perivascular cortical astrocytes as well as by fibrous white matter astrocytes in control brains, whereas in AD brains, MAO-B is significantly upregulated by both cortical reactive astrocytes and white matter astrocytes across temporal, frontal, and occipital lobes. By contrast, MAO-B expression level was unchanged and lowest in cerebellum. Cortical MAO-B expression was independently associated with cortical atrophy and local measures of reactive astrocytes and microglia, and significantly increased in reactive astrocytes surrounding Thioflavin-S+ dense-core Aβ plaques. MAO-B expression was not affected by the MAOB rs1799836 SNP genotype. MAO-B expression was also significantly increased in the frontal cortex and white matter of donors with corticobasal degeneration, Pick's disease, and FTLD-TDP, but not in LBD or progressive supranuclear palsy. These findings support ongoing efforts to develop MAO-B-based PET radiotracers to image reactive astrogliosis in AD/ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methasit Jaisa-Aad
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Molly A Healey
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th St., Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Jaisa-Aad M, Muñoz-Castro C, Serrano-Pozo A. Update on modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Curr Opin Neurol 2024; 37:166-181. [PMID: 38265228 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW All human beings undergo a lifelong cumulative exposure to potentially preventable adverse factors such as toxins, infections, traumatisms, and cardiovascular risk factors, collectively termed exposome. The interplay between the individual's genetics and exposome is thought to have a large impact in health outcomes such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Likewise, a growing body of evidence is supporting the idea that preventable factors explain a sizable proportion of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) cases. RECENT FINDINGS Here, we will review the most recent epidemiological, experimental preclinical, and interventional clinical studies examining some of these potentially modifiable risk factors for ADRD. We will focus on new evidence regarding cardiovascular risk factors, air pollution, viral and other infectious agents, traumatic brain injury, and hearing loss. SUMMARY While greater and higher quality epidemiological and experimental evidence is needed to unequivocally confirm their causal link with ADRD and/or unravel the underlying mechanisms, these modifiable risk factors may represent a window of opportunity to reduce ADRD incidence and prevalence at the population level via health screenings, and education and health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methasit Jaisa-Aad
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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García-Alberca JM, de Rojas I, Sanchez-Mejias E, Garrido-Martín D, Gonzalez-Palma L, Jimenez S, Pino-Angeles A, Cruz-Gamero JM, Mendoza S, Alarcón-Martín E, Muñoz-Castro C, Real LM, Tena JJ, Polvillo R, Govantes F, Lopez A, Royo-Aguado JL, Navarro V, Gonzalez I, Ruiz M, Reyes-Engel A, Gris E, Bravo MJ, Lopez-Gutierrez L, Mejias-Ortega M, De la Guía P, López de la Rica M, Ocejo O, Torrecilla J, Zafra C, Nieto MD, Urbano C, Jiménez-Sánchez R, Pareja N, Luque M, García-Peralta M, Carrillejo R, Furniet MDC, Rueda L, Sánchez-Fernández A, Mancilla T, Peña I, García-Casares N, Moreno-Grau S, Hernández I, Montrreal L, Quintela I, González-Pérez A, Calero M, Franco-Macías E, Macías J, Menéndez-González M, Frank-García A, Huerto Vilas R, Diez-Fairen M, Lage C, García-Madrona S, García-González P, Valero S, Sotolongo-Grau O, Pérez-Cordón A, Rábano A, Arias Pastor A, Pastor AB, Espinosa A, Corma-Gómez A, Martín Montes Á, Sanabria Á, Martínez Rodríguez C, Buiza-Rueda D, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Ortega G, Alvarez I, Rosas Allende I, Pineda JA, Rosende-Roca M, Bernal Sánchez-Arjona M, Fernández-Fuertes M, Alegret M, Roberto N, Del Ser T, Garcia-Ribas G, Sánchez-Juan P, Pastor P, Piñol-Ripoll G, Bullido MJ, Álvarez V, Mir P, Medina M, Marquié M, Sáez ME, Carracedo Á, Laplana M, Tomas-Gallardo L, Orellana A, Tárraga L, Boada M, Fibla Palazon J, Vitorica J, Ruiz A, Guigo R, Gutierrez A, Royo JL. An Insertion Within SIRPβ1 Shows a Dual Effect Over Alzheimer's Disease Cognitive Decline Altering the Microglial Response. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:601-618. [PMID: 38427484 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Microglial dysfunction plays a causative role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Here we focus on a germline insertion/deletion variant mapping SIRPβ1, a surface receptor that triggers amyloid-β(Aβ) phagocytosis via TYROBP. Objective To analyze the impact of this copy-number variant in SIRPβ1 expression and how it affects AD molecular etiology. Methods Copy-number variant proxy rs2209313 was evaluated in GERALD and GR@ACE longitudinal series. Hippocampal specimens of genotyped AD patients were also examined. SIRPβ1 isoform-specific phagocytosis assays were performed in HEK393T cells. Results The insertion alters the SIRPβ1 protein isoform landscape compromising its ability to bind oligomeric Aβ and its affinity for TYROBP. SIRPβ1 Dup/Dup patients with mild cognitive impairment show an increased cerebrospinal fluid t-Tau/Aβ ratio (p = 0.018) and a higher risk to develop AD (OR = 1.678, p = 0.018). MRIs showed that Dup/Dup patients exhibited a worse initial response to AD. At the moment of diagnosis, all patients showed equivalent Mini-Mental State Examination scores. However, AD patients with the duplication had less hippocampal degeneration (p < 0.001) and fewer white matter hyperintensities. In contrast, longitudinal studies indicate that patients bearing the duplication allele show a slower cognitive decline (p = 0.013). Transcriptional analysis also shows that the SIRPβ1 duplication allele correlates with higher TREM2 expression and an increased microglial activation. Conclusions The SIRPβ1 internal duplication has opposite effects over MCI-to-Dementia conversion risk and AD progression, affecting microglial response to Aβ. Given the pharmacological approaches focused on the TREM2-TYROBP axis, we believe that SIRPβ1 structural variant might be considered as a potential modulator of this causative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María García-Alberca
- Alzheimer Research Center and Memory Clinic, Instituto Andaluz de Neurociencia (IANEC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Garrido-Martín
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Section of Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Palma
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Almudena Pino-Angeles
- Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicaen Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Cruz-Gamero
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Mendoza
- Alzheimer Research Center and Memory Clinic, Instituto Andaluz de Neurociencia (IANEC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Emilio Alarcón-Martín
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Real
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Jesus Tena
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocio Polvillo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Govantes
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Aroa Lopez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Victoria Navarro
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Gonzalez
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maximiliano Ruiz
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Armando Reyes-Engel
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Esther Gris
- Alzheimer Research Center and Memory Clinic, Instituto Andaluz de Neurociencia (IANEC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Bravo
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lidia Lopez-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, ULB Neuroscience, Institute (UNI), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marina Mejias-Ortega
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Paz De la Guía
- Alzheimer Research Center and Memory Clinic, Instituto Andaluz de Neurociencia (IANEC), Málaga, Spain
| | - María López de la Rica
- Alzheimer Research Center and Memory Clinic, Instituto Andaluz de Neurociencia (IANEC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Olga Ocejo
- Centro Residencial Almudena, Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nuria Pareja
- Asociación de Familiares de Enfermos de Alzheimer de la Axarquía, Vélez-Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Lourdes Rueda
- Asociación de Familiares de Alzheimer de Archidona, Archidona, Spain
| | | | - Tomás Mancilla
- Residencia DomusViFuentesol, Alhaurín de la Torre, Spain
| | - Isabel Peña
- Residencia DomusViFuentesol, Alhaurín de la Torre, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Montrreal
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Quintela
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Calero
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Franco-Macías
- Unidad de Demencias, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Macías
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Menéndez-González
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Frank-García
- Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Huerto Vilas
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Mónica Diez-Fairen
- Department of Neurology, Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Triasi Pujol and Germans Triasi Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Memory Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Lage
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Pablo García-González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Valero
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Sotolongo-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Cordón
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Arias Pastor
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Pastor
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anaïs Corma-Gómez
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ángel Martín Montes
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Sanabria
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Dolores Buiza-Rueda
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Gemma Ortega
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Department of Neurology, Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Triasi Pujol and Germans Triasi Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Rosas Allende
- Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan A Pineda
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Maitée Rosende-Roca
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Bernal Sánchez-Arjona
- Unidad de Demencias, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Fuertes
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Montserrat Alegret
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Roberto
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teodoro Del Ser
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Pau Pastor
- Department of Neurology, Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Triasi Pujol and Germans Triasi Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - María José Bullido
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Medina
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIEN Foundation/Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Carracedo
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica CIBERER-CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marina Laplana
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
- Departament de Ciencies Mediques Basiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Tomas-Gallardo
- Proteomics and Biochemistry Unit, Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology, CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Tárraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Fibla Palazon
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
- Departament de Ciencies Mediques Basiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic, ACE Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roderic Guigo
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Royo
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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4
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Muñoz-Castro C, Mejias-Ortega M, Sanchez-Mejias E, Navarro V, Trujillo-Estrada L, Jimenez S, Garcia-Leon JA, Fernandez-Valenzuela JJ, Sanchez-Mico MV, Romero-Molina C, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Baglietto-Vargas D, Vizuete M, Gutierrez A, Vitorica J. Monocyte-derived cells invade brain parenchyma and amyloid plaques in human Alzheimer's disease hippocampus. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:31. [PMID: 36855152 PMCID: PMC9976401 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are brain-resident myeloid cells and play a major role in the innate immune responses of the CNS and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the contribution of nonparenchymal or brain-infiltrated myeloid cells to disease progression remains to be demonstrated. Here, we show that monocyte-derived cells (MDC) invade brain parenchyma in advanced stages of AD continuum using transcriptional analysis and immunohistochemical characterization in post-mortem human hippocampus. Our findings demonstrated that a high proportion (60%) of demented Braak V-VI individuals was associated with up-regulation of genes rarely expressed by microglial cells and abundant in monocytes, among which stands the membrane-bound scavenger receptor for haptoglobin/hemoglobin complexes or Cd163. These Cd163-positive MDC invaded the hippocampal parenchyma, acquired a microglial-like morphology, and were located in close proximity to blood vessels. Moreover, and most interesting, these invading monocytes infiltrated the nearby amyloid plaques contributing to plaque-associated myeloid cell heterogeneity. However, in aged-matched control individuals with hippocampal amyloid pathology, no signs of MDC brain infiltration or plaque invasion were found. The previously reported microglial degeneration/dysfunction in AD hippocampus could be a key pathological factor inducing MDC recruitment. Our data suggest a clear association between MDC infiltration and endothelial activation which in turn may contribute to damage of the blood brain barrier integrity. The recruitment of monocytes could be a consequence rather than the cause of the severity of the disease. Whether monocyte infiltration is beneficial or detrimental to AD pathology remains to be fully elucidated. These findings open the opportunity to design targeted therapies, not only for microglia but also for the peripheral immune cell population to modulate amyloid pathology and provide a better understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Mejias-Ortega
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Navarro
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Garcia-Leon
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Fernandez-Valenzuela
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Virtudes Sanchez-Mico
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Romero-Molina
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Malaga, Spain. .,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Dpto. Bioquimica Y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Seville, Spain. .,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Muñoz-Castro C, Noori A, Hyman BT, Serrano-Pozo A. Cyclic Multiplex Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry Protocol to Phenotype Glial Cells in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Human Brain Sections. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2593:283-305. [PMID: 36513939 PMCID: PMC9900949 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2811-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in expanding the multiplexing capability of immunohistochemistry to achieve a deeper phenotyping of various cell types in health and disease. Here, we describe a protocol of cyclic multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry that enables the labeling of up to 16 antigens on the same formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded section using "off-the-shelf," commercially available, primary antibodies as well as fluorescently conjugated secondary antibodies. Key steps include the denaturing/stripping of the antibodies by microwaving and the quenching of any remaining fluorescent signal between the cycles of otherwise traditional multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemistry. We have successfully applied this protocol to characterize astrocytic and microglial responses to Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease brains, but it could be easily adapted to other user's needs regarding cell types, disease, and organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Massachusetts General Hospital Neurology Department, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayush Noori
- Massachusetts General Hospital Neurology Department, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Neurology Department, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Neurology Department, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Muñoz-Castro C, Noori A, Magdamo CG, Li Z, Marks JD, Frosch MP, Das S, Hyman BT, Serrano-Pozo A. Cyclic multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry and machine learning reveal distinct states of astrocytes and microglia in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:30. [PMID: 35109872 PMCID: PMC8808995 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes and microglia react to Aβ plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurodegeneration in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Single-nuclei and single-cell RNA-seq have revealed multiple states or subpopulations of these glial cells but lack spatial information. We have developed a methodology of cyclic multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry on human postmortem brains and image analysis that enables a comprehensive morphological quantitative characterization of astrocytes and microglia in the context of their spatial relationships with plaques and tangles. METHODS Single FFPE sections from the temporal association cortex of control and AD subjects were subjected to 8 cycles of multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry, including 7 astroglial, 6 microglial, 1 neuronal, Aβ, and phospho-tau markers. Our analysis pipeline consisted of: (1) image alignment across cycles; (2) background subtraction; (3) manual annotation of 5172 ALDH1L1+ astrocytic and 6226 IBA1+ microglial profiles; (4) local thresholding and segmentation of profiles; (5) machine learning on marker intensity data; and (6) deep learning on image features. RESULTS Spectral clustering identified three phenotypes of astrocytes and microglia, which we termed "homeostatic," "intermediate," and "reactive." Reactive and, to a lesser extent, intermediate astrocytes and microglia were closely associated with AD pathology (≤ 50 µm). Compared to homeostatic, reactive astrocytes contained substantially higher GFAP and YKL-40, modestly elevated vimentin and TSPO as well as EAAT1, and reduced GS. Intermediate astrocytes had markedly increased EAAT2, moderately increased GS, and intermediate GFAP and YKL-40 levels. Relative to homeostatic, reactive microglia showed increased expression of all markers (CD68, ferritin, MHC2, TMEM119, TSPO), whereas intermediate microglia exhibited increased ferritin and TMEM119 as well as intermediate CD68 levels. Machine learning models applied on either high-plex signal intensity data (gradient boosting machines) or directly on image features (convolutional neural networks) accurately discriminated control vs. AD diagnoses at the single-cell level. CONCLUSIONS Cyclic multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry combined with machine learning models holds promise to advance our understanding of the complexity and heterogeneity of glial responses as well as inform transcriptomics studies. Three distinct phenotypes emerged with our combination of markers, thus expanding the classic binary "homeostatic vs. reactive" classification to a third state, which could represent "transitional" or "resilient" glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ayush Noori
- Harvard College, Boston, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Colin G Magdamo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Zhaozhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Jordan D Marks
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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7
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Romero-Molina C, Navarro V, Jimenez S, Muñoz-Castro C, Sanchez-Mico MV, Gutierrez A, Vitorica J, Vizuete M. Should We Open Fire on Microglia? Depletion Models as Tools to Elucidate Microglial Role in Health and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9734. [PMID: 34575898 PMCID: PMC8471219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a critical role in both homeostasis and disease, displaying a wide variety in terms of density, functional markers and transcriptomic profiles along the different brain regions as well as under injury or pathological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The generation of reliable models to study into a dysfunctional microglia context could provide new knowledge towards the contribution of these cells in AD. In this work, we included an overview of different microglial depletion approaches. We also reported unpublished data from our genetic microglial depletion model, Cx3cr1CreER/Csf1rflx/flx, in which we temporally controlled microglia depletion by either intraperitoneal (acute model) or oral (chronic model) tamoxifen administration. Our results reported a clear microglial repopulation, then pointing out that our model would mimic a context of microglial replacement instead of microglial dysfunction. Next, we evaluated the origin and pattern of microglial repopulation. Additionally, we also reviewed previous works assessing the effects of microglial depletion in the progression of Aβ and Tau pathologies, where controversial data are found, probably due to the heterogeneous and time-varying microglial phenotypes observed in AD. Despite that, microglial depletion represents a promising tool to assess microglial role in AD and design therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Romero-Molina
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Victoria Navarro
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria V. Sanchez-Mico
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (C.R.-M.); (V.N.); (S.J.); (C.M.-C.); (M.V.S.-M.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain;
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8
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Sanchez-Mico MV, Jimenez S, Gomez-Arboledas A, Muñoz-Castro C, Romero-Molina C, Navarro V, Sanchez-Mejias E, Nuñez-Diaz C, Sanchez-Varo R, Galea E, Davila JC, Vizuete M, Gutierrez A, Vitorica J. Amyloid-β impairs the phagocytosis of dystrophic synapses by astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease. Glia 2020; 69:997-1011. [PMID: 33283891 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes and dystrophic neurites, most aberrant presynaptic elements, are found surrounding amyloid-β plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have previously shown that reactive astrocytes enwrap, phagocytose, and degrade dystrophic synapses in the hippocampus of APP mice and AD patients, but affecting less than 7% of dystrophic neurites, suggesting reduced phagocytic capacity of astrocytes in AD. Here, we aimed to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms by analyzing the capacity of primary astrocyte cultures to phagocytose and degrade isolated synapses (synaptoneurosomes, SNs) from APP (containing dystrophic synapses and amyloid-β peptides), Tau (containing AT8- and AT100-positive phosphorylated Tau) and WT (controls) mice. We found highly reduced phagocytic and degradative capacity of SNs-APP, but not AT8/AT100-positive SNs-Tau, as compared with SNs-WT. The reduced astrocyte phagocytic capacity was verified in hippocampus from 12-month-old APP mice, since only 1.60 ± 3.81% of peri-plaque astrocytes presented phagocytic structures. This low phagocytic capacity did not depend on microglia-mediated astrocyte reactivity, because removal of microglia from the primary astrocyte cultures abrogated the expression of microglia-dependent genes in astrocytes, but did not affect the phagocytic impairment induced by oligomeric amyloid-β alone. Taken together, our data suggest that amyloid-β, but not hyperphosphorylated Tau, directly impairs the capacity of astrocytes to clear the pathological accumulation of oligomeric amyloid-β, as well as of peri-plaque dystrophic synapses containing amyloid-β, perhaps by reducing the expression of phagocytosis receptors such as Mertk and Megf10, thus increasing neuronal damage in AD. Therefore, the potentiation or recovery of astrocytic phagocytosis may be a novel therapeutic avenue in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Sanchez-Mico
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Romero-Molina
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Navarro
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Nuñez-Diaz
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Elena Galea
- Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José C Davila
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Dpto. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Fernandez-Valenzuela JJ, Sanchez-Varo R, Muñoz-Castro C, De Castro V, Sanchez-Mejias E, Navarro V, Jimenez S, Nuñez-Diaz C, Gomez-Arboledas A, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Vizuete M, Davila JC, Vitorica J, Gutierrez A. Enhancing microtubule stabilization rescues cognitive deficits and ameliorates pathological phenotype in an amyloidogenic Alzheimer's disease model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14776. [PMID: 32901091 PMCID: PMC7479116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other tauopathies, microtubule destabilization compromises axonal and synaptic integrity contributing to neurodegeneration. These diseases are characterized by the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau leading to neurofibrillary pathology. AD brains also accumulate amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits. However, the effect of microtubule stabilizing agents on Aβ pathology has not been assessed so far. Here we have evaluated the impact of the brain-penetrant microtubule-stabilizing agent Epothilone D (EpoD) in an amyloidogenic model of AD. Three-month-old APP/PS1 mice, before the pathology onset, were weekly injected with EpoD for 3 months. Treated mice showed significant decrease in the phospho-tau levels and, more interesting, in the intracellular and extracellular hippocampal Aβ accumulation, including the soluble oligomeric forms. Moreover, a significant cognitive improvement and amelioration of the synaptic and neuritic pathology was found. Remarkably, EpoD exerted a neuroprotective effect on SOM-interneurons, a highly AD-vulnerable GABAergic subpopulation. Therefore, our results suggested that EpoD improved microtubule dynamics and axonal transport in an AD-like context, reducing tau and Aβ levels and promoting neuronal and cognitive protection. These results underline the existence of a crosstalk between cytoskeleton pathology and the two major AD protein lesions. Therefore, microtubule stabilizers could be considered therapeutic agents to slow the progression of both tau and Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Fernandez-Valenzuela
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vanessa De Castro
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Nuñez-Diaz
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Davila
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain. .,Dpto. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain. .,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071, Málaga, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Romero-Molina C, Navarro V, Sanchez-Varo R, Jimenez S, Fernandez-Valenzuela JJ, Sanchez-Mico MV, Muñoz-Castro C, Gutierrez A, Vitorica J, Vizuete M. Distinct Microglial Responses in Two Transgenic Murine Models of TAU Pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:421. [PMID: 30487735 PMCID: PMC6246744 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells are crucial players in the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microglial response in AD has been principally studied in relation to amyloid-beta pathology but, comparatively, little is known about inflammatory processes associated to tau pathology. In the hippocampus of AD patients, where tau pathology is more prominent than amyloid-beta pathology, a microglial degenerative process has been reported. In this work, we have directly compared the microglial response in two different transgenic tau mouse models: ThyTau22 and P301S. Surprisingly, these two models showed important differences in the microglial profile and tau pathology. Where ThyTau22 hippocampus manifested mild microglial activation, P301S mice exhibited a strong microglial response in parallel with high phospho-tau accumulation. This differential phospho-tau expression could account for the different microglial response in these two tau strains. However, soluble (S1) fractions from ThyTau22 hippocampus presented relatively high content of soluble phospho-tau (AT8-positive) and were highly toxic for microglial cells in vitro, whereas the correspondent S1 fractions from P301S mice displayed low soluble phospho-tau levels and were not toxic for microglial cells. Therefore, not only the expression levels but the aggregation of phospho-tau should differ between both models. In fact, most of tau forms in the P301S mice were aggregated and, in consequence, forming insoluble tau species. We conclude that different factors as tau mutations, accumulation, phosphorylation, and/or aggregation could account for the distinct microglial responses observed in these two tau models. For this reason, deciphering the molecular nature of toxic tau species for microglial cells might be a promising therapeutic approach in order to restore the deficient immunological protection observed in AD hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Romero-Molina
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Navarro
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Fernandez-Valenzuela
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Mico
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Departamento Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Navarro V, Sanchez-Mejias E, Jimenez S, Muñoz-Castro C, Sanchez-Varo R, Davila JC, Vizuete M, Gutierrez A, Vitorica J. Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: Activated, Dysfunctional or Degenerative. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:140. [PMID: 29867449 PMCID: PMC5958192 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation has been considered a crucial player in the pathological process of multiple human neurodegenerative diseases. In some of these pathologies, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Multiple Sclerosis, the immune system and microglial cells (as part of the cerebral immunity) play a central role. In other degenerative processes, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the role of microglia is far to be elucidated. In this “mini-review” article, we briefly highlight our recent data comparing the microglial response between amyloidogenic transgenic models, such as APP/PS1 and AD patients. Since the AD pathology could display regional heterogeneity, we focus our work at the hippocampal formation. In APP based models a prominent microglial response is triggered around amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques. These strongly activated microglial cells could drive the AD pathology and, in consequence, could be implicated in the neurodegenerative process observed in models. On the contrary, the microglial response in human samples is, at least, partial or attenuated. This patent difference could simply reflect the lower and probably slower Aβ production observed in human hippocampal samples, in comparison with models, or could reflect the consequence of a chronic long-standing microglial activation. Beside this differential response, we also observed microglial degeneration in Braak V–VI individuals that, indeed, could compromise their normal role of surveying the brain environment and respond to the damage. This microglial degeneration, particularly relevant at the dentate gyrus, might be mediated by the accumulation of toxic soluble phospho-tau species. The consequences of this probably deficient immunological protection, observed in AD patients, are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Navarro
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sebastian Jimenez
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jose C Davila
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marisa Vizuete
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Malaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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