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Andreozzi F, Di Fatta C, Spiga R, Mannino GC, Mancuso E, Averta C, De Caro C, Tallarico M, Leo A, Citraro R, Russo E, De Sarro G, Sesti G. Glucagon induces the hepatic expression of inflammatory markers in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:556-569. [PMID: 36305474 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon exerts multiple hepatic actions, including stimulation of glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis. The liver plays a crucial role in chronic inflammation by synthesizing proinflammatory molecules, which are thought to contribute to insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia. Whether glucagon affects hepatic expression of proinflammatory cytokines and acute-phase reactants is unknown. Herein, we report a positive relationship between fasting glucagon levels and circulating interleukin (IL)-1β (r = 0.252, p = .042), IL-6 (r = 0.230, p = .026), fibrinogen (r = 0.193, p = .031), complement component 3 (r = 0.227, p = .024) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = 0.230, p = .012) in individuals without diabetes. In CD1 mice, 4-week continuous treatment with glucagon induced a significant increase in circulating IL-1β (p = .02), and IL-6 (p = .001), which was countered by the contingent administration of the glucagon receptor antagonist, GRA-II. Consistent with these results, we detected a significant increase in the hepatic activation of inflammatory pathways, such as expression of NLRP3 (p < .02), and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB; p < .02) and STAT3 (p < .01). In HepG2 cells, we found that glucagon dose-dependently stimulated the expression of IL-1β (p < .002), IL-6 (p < .002), fibrinogen (p < .01), complement component 3 (p < .01) and C-reactive protein (p < .01), stimulated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (p < .01) and caspase-1 (p < .05), induced the phosphorylation of TRAF2 (p < .01), NF-κB (p < .01) and STAT3 (p < .01). Preincubating cells with GRA-II inhibited the ability of glucagon to induce an inflammatory response. Using HepaRG cells, we confirmed the dose-dependent ability of glucagon to stimulate the expression of NLRP3, the phosphorylation of NF-κB and STAT3, in the absence of GRA-II. These results suggest that glucagon has proinflammatory effects that may participate in the pathogenesis of hyperglycaemia and unfavourable cardiometabolic risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Research Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases (CR METDIS), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Fatta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosangela Spiga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Averta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Tallarico
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Science of Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Mannino GC, Pezzilli S, Averta C, Fuoco A, Spiga R, Mancuso E, Di Fatta C, Perticone F, Prudente S, Trischitta V, Andreozzi F, Sesti G. A functional variant of the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 gene is associated with myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:102. [PMID: 31409409 PMCID: PMC6693196 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction is the main mortality cause in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Endothelial dysfunction due to reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) is an early step of atherogenesis. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthesis, and it is metabolized by the enzymes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) 1 and 2. The functional variant rs9267551 C, in the promoter region of DDAH2, has been linked to increased DDAH2 expression, and lower ADMA plasma levels, and was associated with lower risk of coronary artery disease in large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed in the general population. However, it is unknown whether this association holds true in T2DM patients. To address this issue, we investigated whether rs9267551 is associated with risk of myocardial infarction in two cohorts of T2DM patients. Methods SNP rs9267551 was genotyped in 1839 White T2DM patients from the Catanzaro Study (CZ, n = 1060) and the Gargano Heart Study-cross sectional design (GHS, n = 779). Cases were patients with a previous myocardial infarction, controls were asymptomatic patients with neither previous myocardial ischemia nor signs of it at resting and during a maximal symptom limited stress electrocardiogram. Results Carriers of allele rs9267551 C showed a dose dependent reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction [(CZ = OR 0.380, 95% CI 0.175–0.823, p = 0.014), (GHS = 0.497, 0.267–0.923, p = 0.027), (Pooled = 0.458, 0.283–0.739, p = 0.001)] which remained significant after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, smoking, HbA1c, total cholesterol HDL, and triglyceride levels [(CZ = 0.307, 0.106–0.885, p = 0.029), (GHS = 0.512, 0.270–0.970, p = 0.040), (Pooled = 0.458, 0.266–0.787, p = 0.005)]. Conclusions We found that rs9267551 polymorphism is significantly associated with myocardial infarction in T2DM patients of European ancestry from two independent cohorts. It is possible that in subjects carrying the protective C allele less ADMA accumulates in endothelial cells causing vascular protection as a consequence of higher nitric oxide availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Chiara Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Serena Pezzilli
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Medical Genetics, University Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Carolina Averta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anastasia Fuoco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosangela Spiga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Fatta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Mannino GC, Fuoco A, Marini MA, Spiga R, Di Fatta C, Mancuso E, Perticone F, Andreozzi F, Sesti G. The polymorphism rs35767 at IGF1 locus is associated with serum urate levels. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12255. [PMID: 30115944 PMCID: PMC6095867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that the IGF-1/IGF-1 receptor signaling pathway may contribute to regulate uric acid levels. To confirm this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of the IGF-1-raising genetic variant rs35767 on urate levels in serum and urine, and we investigated IGF-1 ability to modulate the expression of transporters involved in reabsorption and secretion of uric acid in the kidney. The study population included 2794 adult Whites. 24-hour urinary uric acid concentration was available for 229 subjects. rs35767 polymorphism was screened using TaqMan genotyping assays. HEK293 (human embryonic kidney-293) cell line was treated with IGF-1 (1, 5, 10, 50 nM) for 24-hours, and differences in the expression of urate transporters were evaluated via Western Blot and real time rtPCR. Individuals carrying the IGF-1-raising allele (rs35767 T) exhibited significantly lower levels of serum urate according to both additive and recessive models, after correction for gender, age, BMI, glucose tolerance, glomerular filtration rate, and anti-hypertensive treatment. TT genotype carriers displayed higher uricosuria than C allele carriers did, after adjusting for confounders. Exposure of HEK293 cells to IGF-1 resulted in a dose-dependent increase of uric acid transporters deputed to uric acid excretion (MRP4, NPT1 and BCRP), and reduction of GLUT9 expression, the major mediator of uric acid reabsorption, both at mRNA and protein level. We observed a significant association between the functional polymorphism rs35767 near IGF1 with serum urate concentrations and we provide a mechanistic explanation supporting a causal role for IGF-1 in the regulation of uric acid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia C Mannino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anastasia Fuoco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria A Marini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome-Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosangela Spiga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Fatta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Spiga R, Marini MA, Mancuso E, Di Fatta C, Fuoco A, Perticone F, Andreozzi F, Mannino GC, Sesti G. Uric Acid Is Associated With Inflammatory Biomarkers and Induces Inflammation Via Activating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1241-1249. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Serum uric acid (UA) has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, the causal mechanisms linking elevated UA levels to cardio-metabolic diseases are still unsettled. One potential explanation for how UA might contribute to cardio-metabolic disease might be its ability to induce systemic inflammation.
Approach and Results—
Herein, we report a positive relationship between serum UA and acute-phase reactants, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, ferritin, complement C3, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, in a cohort of 2731 nondiabetic adults. The relationship remains significant after adjustment for several confounders, including age, sex, adiposity, anti-hypertensive treatments or diuretics use. To confirm the existence of a causal relationship, we examined the effect of UA on the expression of inflammatory biomarkers in human hepatoma HepG2 cells and characterized the signaling pathway by which UA acts. We show that UA stimulates the expression of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, ferritin, and complement C3 in a dose-dependent fashion. The proinflammatory effects of UA were abrogated by benzbromarone, a specific inhibitor of UA transporters. Exposure of cells to UA resulted in activation of the IκB kinase/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway that was attenuated by benzbromarone. The effect of UA was completely blocked by the antioxidant
N
-acetylcysteine.
Conclusions—
These in vivo and in vitro data suggest that hyperuricemia might induce the expression of hepatic inflammatory molecules by activating the proinflammatory NF-κB signaling cascade. Because inflammation has an important pathogenetic role in metabolic and cardiovascular disease, our study may help understanding the mechanism by which hyperuricemia may contribute to organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela Spiga
- From the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy (R.S., E.M., C.D.F., A.F., F.P., F.A., G.C.M., G.S.); and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy (M.A.M.)
| | - Maria Adelaide Marini
- From the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy (R.S., E.M., C.D.F., A.F., F.P., F.A., G.C.M., G.S.); and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy (M.A.M.)
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- From the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy (R.S., E.M., C.D.F., A.F., F.P., F.A., G.C.M., G.S.); and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy (M.A.M.)
| | - Concetta Di Fatta
- From the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy (R.S., E.M., C.D.F., A.F., F.P., F.A., G.C.M., G.S.); and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy (M.A.M.)
| | - Anastasia Fuoco
- From the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy (R.S., E.M., C.D.F., A.F., F.P., F.A., G.C.M., G.S.); and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy (M.A.M.)
| | - Francesco Perticone
- From the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy (R.S., E.M., C.D.F., A.F., F.P., F.A., G.C.M., G.S.); and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy (M.A.M.)
| | - Francesco Andreozzi
- From the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy (R.S., E.M., C.D.F., A.F., F.P., F.A., G.C.M., G.S.); and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy (M.A.M.)
| | - Gaia Chiara Mannino
- From the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy (R.S., E.M., C.D.F., A.F., F.P., F.A., G.C.M., G.S.); and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy (M.A.M.)
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- From the Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy (R.S., E.M., C.D.F., A.F., F.P., F.A., G.C.M., G.S.); and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy (M.A.M.)
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Strazzulla A, Coppolino G, Di Fatta C, Giancotti F, D’Onofrio G, Postorino MC, Mazzitelli M, Mammone SV, Gentile I, Rivoli L, Palella E, Gravina T, Costa C, Pisani V, De Maria V, Barreca GS, Marascio N, Focà A, Fuiano G, Gulletta E, Torti C. Is neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin useful in hepatitis C virus infection? World J Hepatol 2016; 8:815-824. [PMID: 27429717 PMCID: PMC4937169 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i19.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in patients infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) before and during treatment with directly acting antivirals (DAAs).
METHODS: NGAL was measured in a group of patients with chronic HCV infection ranked, at baseline, by age, gender, anti-hypertensive therapy, HCV viral load, liver fibrosis stage and, either at baseline or after 1 year, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Then, NGAL and eGFR evolutions were monitored in a subgroup of patients who started antiviral therapy with DAAs. Differences of median NGAL levels were evaluated through Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric data. Differences in dichotomous variables were evaluated through χ2 test. At baseline, a univariate regression analysis was conducted to verify if NGAL values correlated with other quantitative variables [age, fibrosis four (FIB-4), AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), and eGFR].
RESULTS: Overall, 48 patients were enrolled, 8 of them starting HCV treatment. At baseline, statistically significant differences were found in median NGAL values only between patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min vs patients with eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min. Differences in NGAL were not significant among patients ranked by HCV viral load, FIB-4 score and APRI, when patients with NGAL > 118.11 ng/dL were compared with those of NGAL ≤ 118.11 ng/dL, not statistically significant differences were present for age, gender, chronic kidney disease classification and liver fibrosis (P > 0.05). Linear correlation was found between NGAL and both age (P = 0.0475) and eGFR (P = 0.0282) values. Not statistically significant predictions of NGAL at baseline were demonstrated for eGFR evolution 1 year later. Interestingly, in the 8 patients treated with DAAs, median NGAL significantly increased at week 12 compared to baseline (P = 0.0239).
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that NGAL should be further evaluated as an adjunct marker of kidney function in these patients.
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Serena De Franceschi M, Giudice A, Pacifico D, Crispino A, Catalano F, Michele F, Ventura V, Di Fatta C, Gulletta E, Leonzio F. Low Laser Therapy Plus Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment Reduces Interleukin-1 Beta Serum Levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.14302/issn.2473-1005.jdoi-15-730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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