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Keinath AT, Mosser CA, Brandon MP. The representation of context in mouse hippocampus is preserved despite neural drift. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2415. [PMID: 35504915 PMCID: PMC9065029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is thought to mediate episodic memory through the instantiation and reinstatement of context-specific cognitive maps. However, recent longitudinal experiments have challenged this view, reporting that most hippocampal cells change their tuning properties over days even in the same environment. Often referred to as neural or representational drift, these dynamics raise questions about the capacity and content of the hippocampal code. One such question is whether and how these long-term dynamics impact the hippocampal code for context. To address this, we image large CA1 populations over more than a month of daily experience as freely behaving mice participate in an extended geometric morph paradigm. We find that long-timescale changes in population activity occur orthogonally to the representation of context in network space, allowing for consistent readout of contextual information across weeks. This population-level structure is supported by heterogeneous patterns of activity at the level of individual cells, where we observe evidence of a positive relationship between interpretable contextual coding and long-term stability. Together, these results demonstrate that long-timescale changes to the CA1 spatial code preserve the relative structure of contextual representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Keinath
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Coralie-Anne Mosser
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Mark P Brandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Verdun, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
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van der Veldt S, Etter G, Mosser CA, Manseau F, Williams S. Conjunctive spatial and self-motion codes are topographically organized in the GABAergic cells of the lateral septum. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001383. [PMID: 34460812 PMCID: PMC8432898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal spatial code’s relevance for downstream neuronal populations—particularly its major subcortical output the lateral septum (LS)—is still poorly understood. Here, using calcium imaging combined with unbiased analytical methods, we functionally characterized and compared the spatial tuning of LS GABAergic cells to those of dorsal CA3 and CA1 cells. We identified a significant number of LS cells that are modulated by place, speed, acceleration, and direction, as well as conjunctions of these properties, directly comparable to hippocampal CA1 and CA3 spatially modulated cells. Interestingly, Bayesian decoding of position based on LS spatial cells reflected the animal’s location as accurately as decoding using the activity of hippocampal pyramidal cells. A portion of LS cells showed stable spatial codes over the course of multiple days, potentially reflecting long-term episodic memory. The distributions of cells exhibiting these properties formed gradients along the anterior–posterior and dorsal–ventral axes of the LS, directly reflecting the topographical organization of hippocampal inputs to the LS. Finally, we show using transsynaptic tracing that LS neurons receiving CA3 and CA1 excitatory input send projections to the hypothalamus and medial septum, regions that are not targeted directly by principal cells of the dorsal hippocampus. Together, our findings demonstrate that the LS accurately and robustly represents spatial, directional as well as self-motion information and is uniquely positioned to relay this information from the hippocampus to its downstream regions, thus occupying a key position within a distributed spatial memory network. Calcium imaging of neurons in freely behaving mice reveals how the lateral septum, the main output of the hippocampal place cells, effectively represents information about not only location, but also head direction and self-movement, and may be pivotal in sending this information to downstream brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Etter
- McGill University & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Coralie-Anne Mosser
- McGill University & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frédéric Manseau
- McGill University & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvain Williams
- McGill University & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Thion MS, Mosser CA, Férézou I, Grisel P, Baptista S, Low D, Ginhoux F, Garel S, Audinat E. Biphasic Impact of Prenatal Inflammation and Macrophage Depletion on the Wiring of Neocortical Inhibitory Circuits. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1119-1126.e4. [PMID: 31365857 PMCID: PMC6685496 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders is linked to defects in parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cortical interneurons and to prenatal immune challenges. Mouse models of maternal immune activation (MIA) and microglia deficits increase the postnatal density of PV interneurons, raising the question of their functional integration. Here, we show that MIA and embryonic depletion of macrophages including microglia have a two-step impact on PV interneurons wiring onto their excitatory target neurons in the barrel cortex. In adults, both challenges reduced the inhibitory drive from PV interneurons, as reported in neurodevelopmental disorders. In juveniles, however, we found an increased density of PV neurons, an enhanced strength of unitary connections onto excitatory cells, and an aberrant horizontal inhibition with a reduced lateral propagation of sensory inputs in vivo. Our results provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the impact of prenatal immune challenges onto the developmental trajectory of inhibitory circuits that leads to pathological brain wiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Sonia Thion
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Coralie-Anne Mosser
- Neurophysiologie et Nouvelles Microscopies, INSERM U1128, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Férézou
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Département de Neurosciences Intégratives et Computationnelles (ICN), CNRS, Université Paris Sud, UMR9197, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pauline Grisel
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sofia Baptista
- Neurophysiologie et Nouvelles Microscopies, INSERM U1128, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Donovan Low
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Sonia Garel
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Etienne Audinat
- Neurophysiologie et Nouvelles Microscopies, INSERM U1128, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier, France.
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Mosser CA, Haqqee Z, Nieto-Posadas A, Murai KK, Stifani S, Williams S, Brandon MP. The McGill-Mouse-Miniscope platform: A standardized approach for high-throughput imaging of neuronal dynamics during behavior. Genes Brain Behav 2020; 20:e12686. [PMID: 32691490 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the rules that govern neuronal dynamics throughout the brain to subserve behavior and cognition remains one of the biggest challenges in neuroscience research. Recent technical advances enable the recording of increasingly larger neuronal populations to produce increasingly more sophisticated datasets. Despite bold and important open-science and data-sharing policies, these datasets tend to include unique data acquisition methods, behaviors, and file structures. Discrepancies between experimental protocols present key challenges in comparing data between laboratories and across different brain regions and species. Here, we discuss our recent efforts to create a standardized and high-throughput research platform to address these issues. The McGill-Mouse-Miniscope (M3) platform is an initiative to combine miniscope calcium imaging with standardized touchscreen-based animal behavioral testing. The goal is to curate an open-source and standardized framework for acquiring, analyzing, and accessing high-quality data of the neuronal dynamics that underly cognition throughout the brain in mice, marmosets, and models of disease. We end with a discussion of future developments and a call for users to adopt this standardized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie-Anne Mosser
- Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zeeshan Haqqee
- Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrés Nieto-Posadas
- Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Keith K Murai
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefano Stifani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Williams
- Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark P Brandon
- Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Cansell C, Stobbe K, Sanchez C, Le Thuc O, Mosser CA, Ben-Fradj S, Leredde J, Lebeaupin C, Debayle D, Fleuriot L, Brau F, Devaux N, Benani A, Audinat E, Blondeau N, Nahon JL, Rovère C. Dietary fat exacerbates postprandial hypothalamic inflammation involving glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells and microglia in male mice. Glia 2020; 69:42-60. [PMID: 32659044 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In humans, obesity is associated with brain inflammation, glial reactivity, and immune cells infiltration. Studies in rodents have shown that glial reactivity occurs within 24 hr of high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, long before obesity development, and takes place mainly in the hypothalamus (HT), a crucial brain structure for controlling body weight. Here, we sought to characterize the postprandial HT inflammatory response to 1, 3, and 6 hr of exposure to either a standard diet (SD) or HFD. HFD exposure increased gene expression of astrocyte and microglial markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] and Iba1, respectively) compared to SD-treated mice and induced morphological modifications of microglial cells in HT. This remodeling was associated with higher expression of inflammatory genes and differential regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in energy balance regulation. DREADD and PLX5622 technologies, used to modulate GFAP-positive or microglial cells activity, respectively, showed that both glial cell types are involved in hypothalamic postprandial inflammation, with their own specific kinetics and reactiveness to ingested foods. Thus, recurrent exacerbated postprandial inflammation in the brain might promote obesity and needs to be characterized to address this worldwide crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cansell
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Katharina Stobbe
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Clara Sanchez
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Ophélia Le Thuc
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Coralie-Anne Mosser
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and New Microscopies, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Selma Ben-Fradj
- CSGA, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Joris Leredde
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Delphine Debayle
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Lucile Fleuriot
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Frédéric Brau
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Nadège Devaux
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- CSGA, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Blondeau
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nahon
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
| | - Carole Rovère
- IPMC, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, IPMC, CNRS, Valbonne, France
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Mosser CA, Baptista S, Arnoux I, Audinat E. Microglia in CNS development: Shaping the brain for the future. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 149-150:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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