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Pulakat L, Chen HH, Gavini MP, Ling LA, Tang Y, Mehm A, Martin GL, Beale CN, Mooney BP, Sun H. Transdermal Delivery of High Molecular Weight Antibiotics to Deep Tissue Infections via Droplette Micromist Technology Device (DMTD). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:976. [PMID: 35631562 PMCID: PMC9146216 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound infection by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a major disease burden. Systemic administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) and vancomycin are the last lines of defense against deep wound infections by MDR bacteria. However, systemic administration of CMS and vancomycin are linked to life-threatening vital organ damage. Currently there are no effective topical application strategies to deliver these high molecular weight antibiotics across the stratum corneum. To overcome this difficulty, we tested if high molecular weight antibiotics delivered by Droplette micromist technology device (DMTD), a transdermal delivery device that generates a micromist capable of packaging large molecules, could attenuate deep skin tissue infections. Using green fluorescent protein-tagged E. coli and live tissue imaging, we show that (1) the extent of attenuation of deep-skin E. coli infection was similar when treated with topical DMTD- or systemic IP (intraperitoneal)-delivered CMS; (2) DMTD-delivered micromist did not spread the infection deeper; (3) topical DMTD delivery and IP delivery resulted in similar levels of vancomycin in the skin after a 2 h washout period; and (4) IP-delivered vancomycin was about 1000-fold higher in kidney and plasma than DMTD-delivered vancomycin indicating systemic toxicity. Thus, topical DMTD delivery of these antibiotics is a safe treatment for the difficult-to-treat deep skin tissue infections by MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Pulakat
- Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (H.H.C.); (L.A.L.); (Y.T.); (A.M.); (G.L.M.)
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Howard H. Chen
- Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (H.H.C.); (L.A.L.); (Y.T.); (A.M.); (G.L.M.)
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | | | - Lauren A. Ling
- Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (H.H.C.); (L.A.L.); (Y.T.); (A.M.); (G.L.M.)
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Yinian Tang
- Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (H.H.C.); (L.A.L.); (Y.T.); (A.M.); (G.L.M.)
| | - Alexander Mehm
- Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (H.H.C.); (L.A.L.); (Y.T.); (A.M.); (G.L.M.)
| | - Gregory L. Martin
- Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (H.H.C.); (L.A.L.); (Y.T.); (A.M.); (G.L.M.)
| | | | - Brian P. Mooney
- Charles W. Gehrke Proteomics Center, Division of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Hongmin Sun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Nicolis IN, Beale CN, Bidot WA, Esmail M, Perkins SE. Performance and Consistency of Circulating Warm Water Blankets for Rodents. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2022; 61:96-100. [PMID: 34980293 PMCID: PMC8786375 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
General anesthesia as used for rodent research can have adverse effects on physiologic mechanisms. Thermoregulation is often greatly inhibited, with resultant deleterious effects on cardiac and respiratory function. These potential effects can be mitigated by providing external heat support. The circulating warm water blanket and associated heat pump are often used in rodent procedures. The current study demonstrated that the heating pump and water blanket require quality control assessment to ensure adequate function. Our data showed that of the 6 pumps tested, 5 were able to achieve a temperature that met or exceeded the documented thermoneutral zone for mice. Pumps required 20 min of warming to reach their maximal attainable temperatures for the designated user setting. Although the pumps reached a temperature that was sufficient to provide external thermal support, only 1 of the 6 pumps reached the temperature that was set by the user during the trial. Surface temperatures across the water blanket were recorded to analyze whether a difference in heat support was influenced by animal placement along the water blanket; however, the location points did not yield statistically different results. Two pumps were eliminated from the study due to failure to pass the preparation phase of the trial. The results of this study support the need for facilities to establish quality control measures to ensure that heat support systems are functioning at a level required to maintain normothermia during anesthetic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imani N Nicolis
- Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Corinna N Beale
- Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Willie A Bidot
- Office of Animal Resources, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Michael Esmail
- Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott E Perkins
- Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Beale CN, Esmail MY, Aguiar AM, Coughlin L, Merley AL, Alarcon Falconi TM, Perkins SE. Use of Air-activated Thermal Devices during Recovery after Surgery in Mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2018; 57:392-400. [PMID: 29933764 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-17-000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory mice (Mus musculus) are susceptible to hypothermia, especially during anesthetic events, disease states, and exposure to environmental stressors. Thermal support devices for small mammals are numerous, but often require a power source and may be impractical to use for cages on a rack. Air-activated thermal devices (AATD) are mixtures of chemicals that cause an exothermic reaction. In this study, we examined the environmental effects of AATD on internal cage temperatures without the use of additional equipment as well as the physiologic effects of AATD as postoperative thermal support in mice. For environmental experiments, temperatures measured inside the cage and above the AATD peaked at 35.6 ± 2.5 °C (13.4 °C higher than control cages). We also demonstrated that the amount of heat produced by AATD and its temporal distribution are dependent on cage and rack types. For physiologic experiments, mice were surgically implanted with an intraperitoneal temperature telemetry device in a static cage setting. Recovery times and final body temperature at 5 h postoperatively did not differ significantly between mice with and without AATD. During the first 0 to 3 h after mice returned to their home cages, body temperature dropped markedly in mice without AATD but not in mice with AATD. Based on this result the physiologic results of our study support that AATD can be useful in providing extended thermal support for mice housed in static microisolation cages to help maintain body temperature postsurgically. Environmental results of our studies demonstrated that AATD provide local clinically relevant thermal support for 2.5 to 6 h, depending on cage set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna N Beale
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts;,
| | - Michael Y Esmail
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ariel M Aguiar
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lily Coughlin
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Anne L Merley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
| | | | - Scott E Perkins
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Beale CN, Reyelt LA, Bogins CA, Chan NY, Perkins SE. Duodenal Cannulation in Pigs ( Sus scrofa) as a Drug Delivery Method. Comp Med 2018; 68:48-55. [PMID: 29460721 PMCID: PMC5824139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently available animal models for delivery of drug capsules and pharmacokinetic testing are limited by either intersubject variability in gastric emptying time or the need to sedate animals when using targeted delivery methods of drug capsules. With the increasing development of large-molecule biologics, better in vivo models for testing the pharmacokinetics of capsule-delivered drugs are urgently needed. To this end, we made engineering modifications to an existing bovine surgical cannula device, successfully implanted this modified cannula into pigs, and delivered drug capsules directly to the proximal duodenum. In our porcine model, capsule insertion and serial blood samples were all acquired without the use of sedatives. Furthermore, we were able to maintain cannulated pigs for weekly pharmacokinetic testing for more than 18 mo, with minimal postoperative complications. This study demonstrates a novel and effective porcine model of sedation-free drug delivery and blood collection that eliminates inconsistencies associated with models that require either gastric emptying or animal sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna N Beale
- Surgical and Interventional Research Laboratories of Tufts Medical Center and Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts;,
| | - Lara A Reyelt
- Surgical and Interventional Research Laboratories of Tufts Medical Center and Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Courtney A Bogins
- Surgical and Interventional Research Laboratories of Tufts Medical Center and Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathan Yl Chan
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Scott E Perkins
- Surgical and Interventional Research Laboratories of Tufts Medical Center and Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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