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Zahidy M, Ribezzo D, De Lazzari C, Vagniluca I, Biagi N, Müller R, Occhipinti T, Oxenløwe LK, Galili M, Hayashi T, Cassioli D, Mecozzi A, Antonelli C, Zavatta A, Bacco D. Practical high-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol over deployed multicore fiber. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1651. [PMID: 38395964 PMCID: PMC10891113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication scheme for sharing symmetric cryptographic keys based on the laws of quantum physics, and is considered a key player in the realm of cyber-security. A critical challenge for QKD systems comes from the fact that the ever-increasing rates at which digital data are transmitted require more and more performing sources of quantum keys, primarily in terms of secret key generation rate. High-dimensional QKD based on path encoding has been proposed as a candidate approach to address this challenge. However, while proof-of-principle demonstrations based on lab experiments have been reported in the literature, demonstrations in realistic environments are still missing. Here we report the generation of secret keys in a 4-dimensional hybrid time-path-encoded QKD system over a 52-km deployed multicore fiber link forming by looping back two cores of a 26-km 4-core optical fiber. Our results indicate that robust high-dimensional QKD can be implemented in a realistic environment by combining standard telecom equipment with emerging multicore fiber technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Zahidy
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Pl., Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Domenico Ribezzo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Firenze, 50125, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ronny Müller
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Pl., Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | | | - Leif K Oxenløwe
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Pl., Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Michael Galili
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Pl., Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Optical Communications Laboratory, Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., Yokohama, 244-8588, Japan
| | - Dajana Cassioli
- Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- National Laboratory of Advanced Optical Fibers for Photonics (FIBERS), CNIT, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Mecozzi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- National Laboratory of Advanced Optical Fibers for Photonics (FIBERS), CNIT, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Cristian Antonelli
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- National Laboratory of Advanced Optical Fibers for Photonics (FIBERS), CNIT, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zavatta
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-INO), Firenze, 50125, Italy
- QTI S.r.l., Firenze, 50125, Italy
| | - Davide Bacco
- QTI S.r.l., Firenze, 50125, Italy.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, Firenze, 50019, Italy.
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2
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Lasagni C, Serena P, Bononi A, Mecozzi A, Antonelli C. Dependence of nonlinear interference on mode dispersion and modulation format in strongly-coupled SDM transmissions. Opt Express 2023; 31:17122-17136. [PMID: 37381454 DOI: 10.1364/oe.484302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We study the role of the modulation format in the interaction between mode dispersion and the fiber nonlinear interference (NLI) in space-division multiplexed (SDM) systems with strongly-coupled spatial modes. We show that the interplay between mode dispersion and the modulation format has a significant impact on the magnitude of cross-phase modulation (XPM). We propose a simple formula that accounts for the modulation-format dependence of the XPM variance in the presence of arbitrary levels of mode dispersion, thus extending the ergodic Gaussian noise model.
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Martínez-Cisneros C, Pandit B, Antonelli C, Sanchez J, Levenfeld B, Varez A. Development of sodium hybrid quasi-solid electrolytes based on porous NASICON and ionic liquids. Ann Ital Chir 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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4
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Martinez-Cisneros C, Fernandez A, Antonelli C, Levenfeld B, Varez A, Vezzù K, Di Noto V, Sanchez JY. Opening the door to liquid-free polymer electrolytes for calcium batteries. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Blech L, Antonelli C, Mecozzi A, Eldar YC, Shtaif M. Enhancing the Kramers-Kronig receiver via dispersion-based spatial diversity. Opt Lett 2020; 45:3494-3497. [PMID: 32630880 DOI: 10.1364/ol.393514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a scheme for reconstructing the complex envelope of an optical signal from two decorrelated measurements of its intensity. The decorrelation is achieved by splitting the received optical signal into two copies, and by dispersing one of the copies prior to photo detection. The reconstructed complex-valued signal is obtained by means of an iterative algorithm that requires only a few tens of iterations. The starting point of the search procedure is produced by Kramers-Kronig (KK) reconstruction. With this procedure, the continuous-wave tone that accompanies the received signal is reduced by 5 dB to 6 dB compared to the requirement of a KK receiver alone.
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Antonelli C, Riccardi G, Hayashi T, Mecozzi A. Role of polarization-mode coupling in the crosstalk between cores of weakly-coupled multi-core fibers. Opt Express 2020; 28:12847-12861. [PMID: 32403773 DOI: 10.1364/oe.391092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a theory of crosstalk in weakly-coupled multi-core fibers that accounts for the effect of intra-core polarization-mode coupling. We show that random polarization-mode coupling plays a critical role, just like other polarization-independent effects such as fiber bending and twist, in explaining the observed incoherent crosstalk in weakly-coupled multi-core fibers.
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7
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Luís RS, Rademacher G, Puttnam BJ, Antonelli C, Shinada S, Furukawa H. Simple method for optimizing the DC bias of Kramers-Kronig receivers based on AC-coupled photodetectors. Opt Express 2020; 28:4067-4075. [PMID: 32122066 DOI: 10.1364/oe.383369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose and evaluate a method to estimate the DC bias required for AC-coupled Kramers-Kronig receivers. The proposed method is based on a spectral analysis of the reconstructed signal without requiring an evaluation of the signal quality. The proposed method is described analytically and demonstrated experimentally using 12.5 GBaud 16-ary quadrature-amplitude modulated signals in back-to-back and after 100 km transmission.
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Chang S, Antonelli C, Copperman A, Shamonki J. In the era of nucleic acid testing, is permanent deferral of gamete donors with isolated postive serological results for Hepatits still necessary? Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Chang S, Lee J, Bar-Chama N, Shamonki J, Antonelli C, Copperman A. Racial variation in semen quality from nearly 2,000 U.S. sperm donors. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Chang S, Lee J, Adler S, Bar-Chama N, Shamonki J, Antonelli C, Copperman A. The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in a low-risk gamete donor population. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chang S, Nazem T, Gounko D, Lee J, Bar-Chama N, Shamonki J, Antonelli C, Copperman A. Eleven year longitudinal study of U.S. sperm donors demonstrates declining sperm count and motility. Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Jean-Baptiste P, Fontugne M, Fourré E, Marang L, Antonelli C, Charmasson S, Siclet F. Tritium and radiocarbon levels in the Rhône river delta and along the French Mediterranean coastline. J Environ Radioact 2018; 187:53-64. [PMID: 29433756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Rhône is characterised by a heavy concentration of nuclear-based industries including nuclear power stations and nuclear sites housing civilian and military facilities. Here, we report the results of a four-year survey (2010-2013) of tritium and radiocarbon levels in a variety of matrices within the Rhône delta and along the French Mediterranean coastline. The aim of the study is to create a spatial reference framework of environmental levels of these two radionuclides, which are the most prevalent in radioactive effluents from nuclear power stations. Although both tritium and radiocarbon levels in the samples analysed are very low and can only be detected using ultra-sensitive analytical techniques, they clearly show the influence of the tritium and radiocarbon discharges carried by the Rhône plume along the Mediterranean coast. The tritium content of suspended matter and sediments of the Rhône is a special case, which shows elevated tritium values not seen in other French rivers with similar nuclear facilities. The north-south spatial distribution of this tritium anomaly shows that these trace values are at their highest in the upper Rhône, close to the Swiss border and upstream of Creys Malville, the northernmost nuclear power station on the Rhône. This points to a legacy of past tritium releases by the watchmaking industry. A dedicated study would be needed to clearly identify the source and the exact nature of this contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jean-Baptiste
- CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Centre de Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - M Fontugne
- CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Centre de Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Fourré
- CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Centre de Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L Marang
- EDF-R&D, Laboratoire National Hydraulique et Environnement, 6 Quai Wattier, 78401, Chatou, France
| | - C Antonelli
- IRSN, PSE-ENV, Laboratoire d'Études Radioécologiques en milieu Continental et Marin, SESURE/LERCM, 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - S Charmasson
- IRSN, PSE-ENV/SRTE, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Transferts des radionucléides au sein des écosystèmes Aquatiques (LRTA), Centre IFREMER, 83507, La Seyne-sur-mer, France
| | - F Siclet
- EDF-R&D, Laboratoire National Hydraulique et Environnement, 6 Quai Wattier, 78401, Chatou, France
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Martinez-Cisneros C, Antonelli C, Levenfeld B, Varez A, Sanchez JY. Sodium polymer electrolytes composed of sulfonated polysulfone and macromolecular/molecular solvents for Na-batteries. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Antonelli C, Golani O, Shtaif M, Mecozzi A. Nonlinear interference noise in space-division multiplexed transmission through optical fibers. Opt Express 2017; 25:13055-13078. [PMID: 28788845 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.013055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study the nonlinear interference noise (NLIN) generated in SDM systems, and generalize the NLIN model introduced in the context of single-mode fibers to the multi-mode case. The generalized model accounts for the modulation-format dependence of the NLIN, and gives the scaling of the NLIN power with the number of transmitted modes. It also provides the tools for extending the results of the NLIN Wizard to SDM. Unlike in the case of single-mode systems, the effect of MD cannot in general be ignored in the SDM case. We show that inclusion of MD erases the contribution of FWM effects, and significantly suppresses the effect of XPM.
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15
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Campestre MP, Antonelli C, Calzadilla PI, Maiale SJ, Rodríguez AA, Ruiz OA. The alkaline tolerance in Lotus japonicus is associated with mechanisms of iron acquisition and modification of the architectural pattern of the root. J Plant Physiol 2016; 206:40-48. [PMID: 27688092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The response of fifty-four Lotus japonicus ecotypes, and of six selected ecotypes was investigated under alkaline conditions. Sensitive, but not tolerant ecotypes, showed interveinal chlorosis under all alkalinity conditions and high mortality under extreme alkalinity. Interveinal chlorosis was associated with Fe deficiency, as a reduced Fe2+ shoot content was observed in all sensitive ecotypes. In addition, some showed a decline in photosynthesis rate and PSII performance compared to the control. In contrast, some tolerant ecotypes did not change these parameters between treatments. Alkaline tolerance could be explained by a mechanism of Fe acquisition and a root structural modification. This conclusion was based on the fact that all tolerant, but not the sensitive ecotypes, presented high ferric reductase oxidase activity under alkaline stress compared to the control, and a Herringbone root pattern modification. On this basis, the analysis of these mechanisms of alkaline tolerance could be used in screening programs for the selection of new tolerant genotypes in the Lotus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Campestre
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8.2 CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Cristian Antonelli
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8.2 CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Pablo Ignacio Calzadilla
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8.2 CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Santiago Javier Maiale
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8.2 CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Andrés Alberto Rodríguez
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8.2 CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina.
| | - Oscar Adolfo Ruiz
- Unidad de Biotecnología 1, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de San Martín (IIB-INTECH/CONICET-UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino Km 8.2 CC 164 (B7130IWA), Chascomús, Argentina
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Martinez-Cisneros C, Antonelli C, Levenfeld B, Varez A, Sanchez JY. Evaluation of polyolefin-based macroporous separators for high temperature Li-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Spinella G, Loprete G, Castagnetti C, Musella V, Antonelli C, Vilar JM, Britti D, Capitani O, Valentini S. Evaluation of mean echogenicity of tendons and ligaments of the metacarpal region in neonatal foals: A preliminary study. Res Vet Sci 2015; 101:11-4. [PMID: 26267082 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this research were to evaluate mean echogenicity (ME) of the deep and superficial digital flexor tendons (DDFT and SDFT), the interosseous muscle (IM), and the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (ALDDFT) of the metacarpal region in neonatal foals, and determine the effect of sex, side and body weight on this quantitative ultrasonographic evaluation. Thirteen orthopedically sound neonatal foals were examined. Four areas of study (1A, 1B, 2A, 2B) were identified. Transverse scans of the DDFT, SDFT, IM and ALDDFT were obtained, recorded, and analyzed. The most echogenic structures were the ALDDFT and DDFT, while the SDFT was significantly less echogenic than all other structures (P<0.05). No influence of sex, forelimb, or body weight was observed. The echogenicity of the tenodesmic structures of foals partially overlapped that reported in the metacarpal region in adult horses, except for IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spinella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
| | - G Loprete
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Germaneto, CZ, Italy
| | - C Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - V Musella
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Germaneto, CZ, Italy
| | - C Antonelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - J M Vilar
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña S/N, Arucas 35413, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - D Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Germaneto, CZ, Italy
| | - O Capitani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - S Valentini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
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Mecozzi A, Antonelli C, Shtaif M. Intensity impulse response of SDM links. Opt Express 2015; 23:5738-5743. [PMID: 25836803 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.005738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the response of space-division multiplexed fiber links to an excitation by a short impulse of the optical intensity. We show that, in the presence of full mixing, the intensity impulse response is Gaussian, confirming recently reported experimental observations, and relate its variance to the mean square of the mode dispersion vector of the link τ(->). The good agreement between our theory and the previously published experiments provides solid foundations to the random coupling model of SDM fiber links, and provides a tool for efficient design of MIMO-DSP receivers.
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Antonelli C, Mecozzi A, Shtaif M, Winzer PJ. Modeling and performance metrics of MIMO-SDM systems with different amplification schemes in the presence of mode-dependent loss. Opt Express 2015; 23:2203-2219. [PMID: 25836091 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.002203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mode-dependent loss (MDL) is a major factor limiting the achievable information rate in multiple-input multiple-output space-division multiplexed systems. In this paper we show that its impact on system performance, which we quantify in terms of the capacity reduction relative to a reference MDL-free system, may depend strongly on the operation of the inline optical amplifiers. This dependency is particularly strong in low mode-count systems. In addition, we discuss ways in which the signal-to-noise ratio of the MDL-free reference system can be defined and quantify the differences in the predicted capacity loss. Finally, we stress the importance of correctly accounting for the effect of MDL on the accumulation of amplification noise.
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Antonelli C, Mecozzi A, Shtaif M. The delay spread in fibers for SDM transmission: dependence on fiber parameters and perturbations. Opt Express 2015; 23:2196-2202. [PMID: 25836090 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.002196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to single mode fibers, where random imperfections are responsible for polarization-mode dispersion, modal dispersion (MD) in multi-mode fiber structures for space-division multiplexed (SDM) transmission, originates chiefly from the intrinsic non-degeneracy of the propagating modes, also known as modal birefringence. The presence of random imperfections in such fibers has a positive aspect, as it reduces the intrinsic MD, and in the limit of strong coupling it causes the signal delay spread to increase with the square root of the propagation distance, rather than linearly, as would be the case in an ideal fiber. In this paper we derive a formula that relates the signal delay spread to the fiber geometry and to the statistical properties of the structural fiber perturbations. The derived formula provides insight into the MD phenomenon and facilitates the design of low-MD multi-mode fiber structures.
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Babuin MF, Campestre MP, Rocco R, Bordenave CD, Escaray FJ, Antonelli C, Calzadilla P, Gárriz A, Serna E, Carrasco P, Ruiz OA, Menendez AB. Response to long-term NaHCO3-derived alkalinity in model Lotus japonicus Ecotypes Gifu B-129 and Miyakojima MG-20: transcriptomic profiling and physiological characterization. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97106. [PMID: 24835559 PMCID: PMC4024010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current knowledge regarding transcriptomic changes induced by alkalinity on plants is scarce and limited to studies where plants were subjected to the alkaline salt for periods not longer than 48 h, so there is no information available regarding the regulation of genes involved in the generation of a new homeostatic cellular condition after long-term alkaline stress. Lotus japonicus is a model legume broadly used to study many important physiological processes including biotic interactions and biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we characterized phenotipically the response to alkaline stress of the most widely used L. japonicus ecotypes, Gifu B-129 and MG-20, and analyzed global transcriptome of plants subjected to 10 mM NaHCO3 during 21 days, by using the Affymetrix Lotus japonicus GeneChip®. Plant growth assessment, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll a fluorescence transient (OJIP) analysis and metal accumulation supported the notion that MG-20 plants displayed a higher tolerance level to alkaline stress than Gifu B-129. Overall, 407 and 459 probe sets were regulated in MG-20 and Gifu B-129, respectively. The number of probe sets differentially expressed in roots was higher than that of shoots, regardless the ecotype. Gifu B-129 and MG-20 also differed in their regulation of genes that could play important roles in the generation of a new Fe/Zn homeostatic cellular condition, synthesis of plant compounds involved in stress response, protein-degradation, damage repair and root senescence, as well as in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and TCA. In addition, there were differences between both ecotypes in the expression patterns of putative transcription factors that could determine distinct arrangements of flavonoid and isoflavonoid compounds. Our results provided a set of selected, differentially expressed genes deserving further investigation and suggested that the L. japonicus ecotypes could constitute a useful model to search for common and distinct tolerance mechanisms to long-term alkaline stress response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Babuin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - María Paula Campestre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Rubén Rocco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Cesar D. Bordenave
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Francisco J. Escaray
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Cristian Antonelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Pablo Calzadilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Andrés Gárriz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Eva Serna
- Unidad Central de Investigación en Medicina-INCLIVA, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Carrasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Vegetal-Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oscar A. Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Ana B. Menendez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús/Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IIB-INTECH/UNSAM-CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Porcaro G, Clerici G, Romanelli M, Giulietti E, Antonelli C, Babucci G, Di Renzo GC. [Effectiveness of a new cervicometer in evaluating the risk of preterm delivery]. Minerva Ginecol 2013; 65:327-330. [PMID: 23689176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The ultrasound measurement of the cervix is the gold standard for assessing the risk of preterm delivery. We compared the accuracy of this technique with measurements obtained by the cervicometer Cervilenz®. The purpose was to show that this device can be used as a screening tool, low cost, in the diagnosis of preterm labor. METHODS Fifty patients were included in the study at gestational age between 21+0 and 26 +0 or weeks. The study was blinded between the two performers utilizing the cervicometer and the transvaginal ultrasound. RESULTS The study showed 100% concordance and a correlation between the two techniques of 0.94. CONCLUSION The cervicometer proved to be a reliable and easy to use device to detect a normal or short cervix, with contained healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Porcaro
- Dipartimento di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Centro di Medicina Perinatale e della RiproduzioneUniversità degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
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23
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Antonelli C, Mecozzi A, Shtaif M, Winzer PJ. Random coupling between groups of degenerate fiber modes in mode multiplexed transmission. Opt Express 2013; 21:9484-9490. [PMID: 23609659 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.009484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study random coupling induced crosstalk between groups of degenerate modes in spatially multiplexed optical transmission. Our analysis shows that the average crosstalk is primarily determined by the wavenumber mismatch, by the correlation length of the random perturbations, and by the coherence length of the degenerate modes, whereas the effect of a deterministic group velocity difference is negligible. The standard deviation of the crosstalk is shown to be comparable to its average value, implying that crosstalk measurements are inherently noisy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Antonelli
- Dept. of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy.
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24
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Abstract
We present the theory of Raman amplification in long multimode optical fibers, where strong random mode coupling within groups of quasi-degenerate modes is unavoidable. In such fibers, the signal components in modes that belong to the same strongly coupled group experience the same Raman amplification, where the differential gain is linearly dependent on the aggregate powers of the pump in each of the mode groups. The equations that we derive significantly facilitate the numerical and analytical study of Raman amplification in long multimode fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Antonelli
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila 67100, Italy.
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25
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Antonelli C, Mecozzi A, Shtaif M, Winzer PJ. Stokes-space analysis of modal dispersion in fibers with multiple mode transmission. Opt Express 2012; 20:11718-11733. [PMID: 22714160 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.011718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Modal dispersion (MD) in a multimode fiber may be considered as a generalized form of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in single mode fibers. Using this analogy, we extend the formalism developed for PMD to characterize MD in fibers with multiple spatial modes. We introduce a MD vector defined in a D-dimensional extended Stokes space whose square length is the sum of the square group delays of the generalized principal states. For strong mode coupling, the MD vector undertakes a D-dimensional isotropic random walk, so that the distribution of its length is a chi distribution with D degrees of freedom. We also characterize the largest differential group delay, that is the difference between the delays of the fastest and the slowest principal states, and show that it too is very well approximated by a chi distribution, although in general with a smaller number of degrees of freedom. Finally, we study the spectral properties of MD in terms of the frequency autocorrelation functions of the MD vector, of the square modulus of the MD vector, and of the largest differential group delay. The analytical results are supported by extensive numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Antonelli
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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26
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Abstract
We show that light propagation in a group of degenerate modes of a multi-mode optical fiber in the presence of random mode coupling is described by a multi-component Manakov equation, thereby making multi-mode fibers the first reported physical system that admits true multi-component soliton solutions. The nonlinearity coefficient appearing in the equation is expressed rigorously in terms of the multi-mode fiber parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mecozzi
- Deptartment of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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27
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Iacono E, Merlo B, Pirrone A, Antonelli C, Brunori L, Romagnoli N, Castagnetti C. Effects of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from amniotic fluid and platelet-rich plasma gel on severe decubitus ulcers in a septic neonatal foal. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1439-40. [PMID: 22579411 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper documents the treatment of severe decubitus ulcers with amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells and platelets rich plasma (PRP) gel in a septic neonatal foal. The colt needed 25 days of hospitalization: during this period ulcers were treated for 15 days with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plus PRP, PRP gel alone, or aloe gel. Healing was faster using MSCs+PRP, and at 7 months an ulcer treated with aloe gel was still not completely healed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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28
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Antonelli C, Mecozzi A, Nelson LE, Magill P. Autocorrelation of the polarization-dependent loss in fiber routes. Opt Lett 2011; 36:4005-4007. [PMID: 22002367 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.004005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the spectral properties of polarization-dependent loss (PDL) in fiber routes with multiple spans and amplifiers. In these systems, PDL stems from a small number of lumped WDM components interconnected by PDL-free fibers, a configuration that is poorly described by the popular model of distributed PDL. We derive transparent and practical analytical expressions for the autocorrelation functions of the PDL vector and of the square PDL magnitude and show that they are strongly affected by the order of the individual PDL elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Antonelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione and CNISM, Università dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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29
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Nelson LE, Antonelli C, Mecozzi A, Birk M, Magill P, Schex A, Rapp L. Statistics of polarization dependent loss in an installed long-haul WDM system. Opt Express 2011; 19:6790-6796. [PMID: 21451706 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.006790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have made continual, multiple-day measurements of the polarization dependent loss of multiple C-band channels in an installed 1800 km terrestrial link. The PDLs of individual channels varied on the time-scale of hours, while the temporal variations of the PDLs of adjacent channels often tracked. The probability densities of the field measurements of PDL were not Maxwellian and instead were truncated, consistent with the limited number of elements in the link having appreciable PDL. A new model for the statistics of PDL in systems with few PDL elements is proposed, where a lower bound of the distribution exists if there is a dominant PDL element. The probability distributions from measurement and theory show good agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn E Nelson
- AT&T Laboratories-Research, Middletown, New Jersey 07748, USA.
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30
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Cruciani L, Gerli S, Baiocchi G, Clerici G, Antonelli C, Di Renzo GC. Ovarian pregnancy afterin vitrofertilisation in a woman with previous bilateral salpingectomy. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2011; 31:270-1. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2011.554613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Antonelli C, Shtaif M, Brodsky M. Sudden death of entanglement induced by polarization mode dispersion. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:080404. [PMID: 21405555 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.080404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study the decoherence of polarization-entangled photon pairs subject to the effects of polarization mode dispersion, the chief polarization decoherence mechanism in optical fibers. We show that fiber propagation reveals an intriguing interplay between the concepts of entanglement sudden death, decoherence-free subspaces, and nonlocality. We define the boundaries in which entanglement-based quantum communications protocols relying on fiber propagation can be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Antonelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione and CNISM, Università dell'Aquila, 67040 L'Aquila, Italy
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32
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Shtaif M, Antonelli C, Brodsky M. Nonlocal compensation of polarization mode dispersion in the transmission of polarization entangled photons. Opt Express 2011; 19:1728-1733. [PMID: 21368986 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.001728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study the feasibility of nonlocally compensating for polarization mode dispersion (PMD), when polarization entangled photons are distributed in fiber-optic channels.We quantify the effectiveness of nonlocal compensation while taking into account the possibility that entanglement is generated through the use of a pulsed optical pump signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shtaif
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978, Israel.
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33
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Brodsky M, George EC, Antonelli C, Shtaif M. Loss of polarization entanglement in a fiber-optic system with polarization mode dispersion in one optical path. Opt Lett 2011; 36:43-45. [PMID: 21209681 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We characterize theoretically and experimentally the degradation of polarization entanglement in a fiber-optic entanglement distribution system where one of the optical fibers is exposed to the effects of polarization mode dispersion (PMD). We show gradual reduction of entanglement with increasing PMD and find that the highest PMD tolerance is achieved when the bandwidth of the pump used to generate the entangled photons in a χ((3)) process is approximately half the bandwidth of the quantum channels.
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34
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Oh J, Antonelli C, Tur M, Brodsky M. Method for characterizing single photon detectors in saturation regime by cw laser. Opt Express 2010; 18:5906-5911. [PMID: 20389608 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.005906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We derive an analytical expression for the count probability of a single photon detector for a wide range of input optical power that includes afterpulsing effects. We confirm the validity of the expression by fitting it to the data obtained from a saturated commercial Single Photon Detector by illuminating it with a cw laser. Detector efficiency and afterpulsing probability extracted from the fits agree with the manufacture specs for low repetition frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmi Oh
- AT&T Labs, 200 S. Laurel Ave., Middletown, New Jersey 07748, USA
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35
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Mecozzi A, Antonelli C, Annovazzi-Lodi V, Benedetti M. Chaos self-synchronization in a semiconductor laser. Opt Lett 2009; 34:1387-1389. [PMID: 19412281 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We show theoretically and experimentally that a semiconductor laser driven to chaos by optical feedback may be self-synchronized by reinjection of a delayed replica of its same optical output. The ensuing periodic regularity of the self-synchronized laser output is analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mecozzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione and CNISM, Università dell'Aquila, 67040 L'Aquila, Italy.
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36
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Antonelli C, Franchi F, Della Marta ME, Carinci A, Sbrana G, Tanasi P, De Fina L, Brauzzi M. Guiding principles in choosing a therapeutic table for DCI hyperbaric therapy. Minerva Anestesiol 2009; 75:151-161. [PMID: 19221544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbaric therapy is the basis of treatment for pervasive development disorders. For this reason, the choice of the right therapeutic table for each case is critical. Above all, the delay in recompression time with respect to the first symptoms and to the severity of the case must be considered. In our experience, the use of low-pressure oxygen tables resolves almost all cases if recompression takes place within a short time. When recompression is possible almost immediately, the mechanical effect of reduction on bubble volume due to pressure is of remarkable importance. In these cases, high-pressure tables can be considered. These tables can also be used in severe spinal-cord decompression sickness. The preferred breathing mixture is still disputed. Heliox seems to be favored because it causes fewer problems during the recompression of divers, and above all, because nitrox can cause narcosis and contributes nitrogen. Saturation treatment should be avoided or at least used only in special cases. In cases of arterial gas embolism cerebral injury, it is recommended to start with an initial 6 ATA recompression only if the time between symptom onset and the beginning of recompression is less than a few hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Antonelli
- Unit of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Misericordia Hospital, Via Senese, Grosseto, Italy.
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37
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Antonelli C, Mecozzi A, Brodsky M. Nonintrusive characterization of long-fiber-link birefringence. Opt Lett 2008; 33:2740-2742. [PMID: 19037411 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.002740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We propose a technique for estimating the birefringence correlation length and beat length of a long fiber link based on the measurement of two parameters only, the mean differential group delay and the mean Faraday rotation of a fiber with a small magnetic field applied. The two parameters can be measured without the need of cutting the fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Antonelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione and Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, Università dell'Aquila, 67040 L'Aquila, Italy.
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38
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Mecozzi A, Antonelli C, Brodsky M. Theory of the effect of geomagnetic field on plug-and-play schemes for fiber-based quantum key distribution systems. Opt Lett 2008; 33:1476-1478. [PMID: 18594670 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We quantify the instantaneous polarization rotation of the optical field by the Faraday birefringence in a long spun-fiber link terminated by a Faraday mirror. Obtained analytical results agrees well with computer simulations and are consistent with previous experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mecozzi
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per Scienze fisiche della Materia (CNISM)-Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Università dell'Aquila, Poggio di Roio, L'Aquila 67040, Italy.
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Mecozzi A, Antonelli C, Brodsky M. Effect of fiber-spinning profile on plug-and-play quantum-key distribution systems. Opt Lett 2008; 33:1096-1098. [PMID: 18483524 DOI: 10.1364/ol.33.001096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The spin profile of a fiber is usually optimized to reduce transmission impairments caused by polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). In this paper, we show that fiber-optic-based plug-and-play quantum-key distribution systems using polarization modulation and fibers with a spin profile optimal for PMD may suffer from a large Faraday rotation induced by the geomagnetic field. We show that, for periodic spin patterns of small periods, the Faraday rotation is minimum when no spin is applied to the fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mecozzi
- CNISM and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Università dell'Aquila, 67040 L'Aquila, Italy.
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40
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Mecozzi A, Antonelli C, Brodsky M. Statistics of the polarization mode dispersion dynamics. Opt Lett 2007; 32:3032-3034. [PMID: 17938690 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.003032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We characterize the joint two-time statistics of the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) vector. Good agreement with experimental PMD measurements taken on an installed system is achieved. The results can be used to obtain the temporal evolution of the average penalty of a system close to an outage condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mecozzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Università dell'Aquila, Poggio di Roio, L'Aquila, 67040 Italy
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41
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Caroli F, Biancheri R, Seri M, Rossi A, Pessagno A, Bugiani M, Corsolini F, Savasta S, Romano S, Antonelli C, Romano A, Pareyson D, Gambero P, Uziel G, Ravazzolo R, Ceccherini I, Filocamo M. GFAP mutations and polymorphisms in 13 unrelated Italian patients affected by Alexander disease. Clin Genet 2007; 72:427-33. [PMID: 17894839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alexander disease (AD), a rare neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system, is characterized by the accumulation of cytoplasmic protein aggregates (Rosenthal fibers) composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and small heat-shock proteins within astrocytes. To date, more than 40 different GFAP mutations have been reported in AD. The present study is aimed at the molecular diagnosis of Italian patients suspected to be affected by AD. By analyzing the GFAP gene of 13 unrelated patients (eight with infantile form, two with juvenile form and three with adult form), we found 11 different alleles, including four new ones. Among the novel mutations, three (p.R70Q, p.R73K, and p.R79P) were identified in exon 1 and p.L359P in exon 6. The sequence analysis also detected six different single nucleotide polymorphic variants, including two previously unreported ones, spread throughout non-coding regions (introns 2, 3, 5, 6, and 3'UTR) of the gene. All patients were heterozygous for the mutations, thus confirming their dominant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caroli
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
We derive a general characterization of the intracavity pulse dynamics for passively mode-locked fiber lasers based on the use of the variational principle. As a first application this method is used for an efficient simulation of the laser dynamics of stretched pulse and similariton lasers and evaluation of its stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Antonelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachussetts 02139, USA
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Eyrolle F, Duffa C, Antonelli C, Rolland B, Leprieur F. Radiological consequences of the extreme flooding on the lower course of the Rhone valley (December 2003, south east France). Sci Total Environ 2006; 366:427-38. [PMID: 16797675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In early December 2003 unusual weather conditions led to major flooding of the lower Rhone valley. When it floods, the Rhone carries large masses of solid matter in suspension, which potentially includes associated artificial (anthropogenic) radioactive contaminants from soil drainage in the catchment area and from re-uptake of sedimentary matter that has been contaminated with low-level radioactive liquid effluents from almost twenty nuclear facilities situated along the Rhone valley. A sampling campaign was carried out to investigate the level and spread of both sediment mass and associated radioactive contamination across the flooded areas. An attempt was made to assess the radiological consequences of such an extreme event on contamination of the food chain. Our results show that almost 700,000 tons of sediment was transported onto the floodplain, of which 80% were coarse and fine sands. These materials transferred 6660 MBq of 137Cs, 93 MBq of (239+240)Pu, 13 MBq of 238Pu and 204 MBq of 60Co over a surface area of 60 km2. More than 90% of deposited sediments are concentrated in a 10 km2 area of agricultural soils, and we estimated that 18% were plowed into the soil. Nevertheless, the level of activity measured in the vegetable crops and milk was not significantly different from the level measured in similar samples from regions that were not affected by the December 2003 floods.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Eyrolle
- Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, Division for Environment and Intervention, Continental and Marine Radiological Research Laboratory, BP3, 13115 St Paul Lez Durance cedex, France.
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Antonelli C, Mecozzi A. Pulse broadening due to polarization mode dispersion with first-order compensation. Opt Lett 2005; 30:1626-8. [PMID: 16075518 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.001626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We give the exact analytical expression for the autocorrelation function of the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) vector of a fiber link in which first-order PMD is compensated for at the output. We use the result to obtain the mean-square width of a Gaussian pulse in the presence of a first-order PMD compensator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Antonelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of L'Aquila, and INFM, 67040 L'Aquila, Italy
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Mecozzi A, Antonelli C, Boroditsky M, Brodsky M. Characterization of the time dependence of polarization mode dispersion. Opt Lett 2004; 29:2599-2601. [PMID: 15552657 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.002599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We elaborate on a recently proposed model of the temporal dependence of polarization mode dispersion in long fiber links. We evaluate the probability that a channel of a wavelength-division multiplexed system never incurs an outage, and the range of frequency over which the parameters that characterize the temporal statistics of the differential group delay are correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mecozzi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
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Antonelli C, Mecozzi A. Non-Maxwellian probability density function of fibers with lumped polarization mode dispersion elements. Opt Lett 2004; 29:1057-1059. [PMID: 15181984 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We give an analytical expression for the probability density function of the differential group delay for a concatenation of Maxwellian fiber sections and an arbitrary number of lumped elements with constant and isotropically oriented birefringence. When the contribution of the average squared of the constant birefringence elements is a significant fraction of the total, we show that the outage probability can be significantly overestimated if the probability density function of the differential group delay is approximated by a Maxwellian distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Antonelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of L'Aquila, Poggio di Roio 67040 L'Aquila, Italy
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Ballone E, Antonelli C, Passamonti M, Cannone D, Occhiolini L, Abrugiati P, Schioppa FS. [Study on smoking of graduate students at the School of Medicine and Surgery of the Chieti University: analysis of associations with socio-environmental variables]. Ann Ig 1999; 11:209-18. [PMID: 10465853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Ballone
- Dip. di Scienze Biomediche, Università G. D' Annunzio, Chieti
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Marzio L, Falcucci M, Ciccaglione AF, Malatesta MG, Lapenna D, Ballone E, Antonelli C, Grossi L. Relationship between gastric and gallbladder emptying and refilling in normal subjects and patients with H. pylori-positive and -negative idiopathic dyspepsia and correlation with symptoms. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41:26-31. [PMID: 8565763 DOI: 10.1007/bf02208580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gastric and gallbladder emptying and refilling was studied in 10 normal subjects and in 38 dyspeptic patients. H. pylori was determined in each dyspeptic on mucosal antral biopsy performed during endoscopy. Gastric and gallbladder emptying was evaluated by real-time ultrasonography. Normal subjects were evaluated after two solid-liquid meals of 340 kcal and 680 kcal. Dyspeptics were studied after the 340-kcal meal only. For each subject and patient, minimum gallbladder volume and percentage of gastric emptying at this point was determined. Gastric and gallbladder slope was also drawn, and the crossing point between the two slopes identified. In normal subjects with the 340-kcal and 680-kcal meal, minimum gallbladder volume occurred for a similar percentage of gastric emptying. The crossing point between the two slopes was computed at the same percentage of gastric and gallbladder refilling with both meals. With the 680-kcal meal, however, peak gallbladder contraction and the crossing point between the two slopes occurred significantly later than with the 340-kcal meal (P < 0.05). In dyspeptics with the 340-kcal meal, the parameters evaluated were similar to the ones computed in controls after the meal of 680-kcal, suggesting delayed gastric emptying and gallbladder refilling. The presence or absence of H. pylori and symptom score were not correlated with any of the parameters studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marzio
- School of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti, Italy
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Barone M, Antonelli C, De Padova MP, Bardazzi F, Labanca M. [A case of disseminated miliary lupus of the face treated with dapsone]. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 1986; 121:375-6. [PMID: 3793150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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