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Badocha M, Wieczór M, Marciniak A, Kleist C, Grubmüller H, Czub J. Molecular mechanism and energetics of coupling between substrate binding and product release in the F 1-ATPase catalytic cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215650120. [PMID: 36780529 PMCID: PMC9974484 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215650120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
F1-ATPase is a motor protein that couples the rotation of its rotary [Formula: see text] subunit with ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Single-molecule experiments indicate that nucleotide binding and release events occur almost simultaneously during the synthesis cycle, allowing the energy gain due to spontaneous binding of ADP to one catalytic [Formula: see text] subunit to be directly harnessed for driving the release of ATP from another rather than being dissipated as heat. Here, we examine the unknown mechanism of this coupling that is critical for an exceptionally high mechanochemical efficiency of F1-ATPase by means of all-atom free-energy simulations. We find that nondissipative and kinetically fast progression of the motor in the synthesis direction requires a concerted conformational change involving the closure of the ADP-binding [Formula: see text] subunit followed by the gradual opening of the ATP-releasing [Formula: see text] subunit over the course of the 30 to 40° rotary substep of the [Formula: see text] subunit. This rotary substep, preceding the ATP-dependent metastable state, allows for the recovery of a large portion of the ADP binding energy in the conformation of ATP-bound [Formula: see text] that gradually adopts the low-affinity conformation, captured also by the recent cryo-EM structure of this elusive state. The release of ATP from this nearly open conformation leads to its further opening, which enables the progression of the motor to the next catalytic metastable state. Our simulations explain this energy conversion mechanism in terms of intersubunit and ligand-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Badocha
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk80-233, Poland
| | - Miłosz Wieczór
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk80-233, Poland
| | - Antoni Marciniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk80-233, Poland
| | - Cyprian Kleist
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk80-233, Poland
| | - Helmut Grubmüller
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk80-233, Poland
- Bio TechMed Center, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańnsk80-233, Poland
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2
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Hemine K, Skwierawska A, Kleist C, Olewniczak M, Szwarc-Karabyka K, Wyrzykowski D, Mieszkowska A, Chojnacki J, Czub J, Nierzwicki L. Effect of chemical structure on complexation efficiency of aromatic drugs with cyclodextrins: The example of dibenzazepine derivatives. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116957. [PMID: 33049861 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is widely believed that the hydrophobic effect governs the binding of guest molecules to cyclodextrins (CDs). However, it is also known that high hydrophobicity of guest molecules does not always translate to the formation of stable inclusion complexes with CDs. Indeed, a plethora of other factors can play a role in the efficiency of guest-CD interactions, rendering structure-based prediction of the complexation efficiency with CDs a non trivial task. In this combined experimental and computational study, we examine the major structural factors governing complexation efficiency of polycyclic aromatic drug-like compounds with natural CDs, using as an example iminostilbene and its N-substituted derivatives. We find that purely hydrophobic IS derivatives show negligible complexation efficiency with CDs and only IS with hydrophilic substituents form stable inclusion complexes in water. We show that the balance between the guest solubility and its affinity to CDs is critical for the effective formation of inclusion complexes. Finally, our results demonstrate that guest-host hydrogen bonds facilitate the formation of crystalline inclusion complexes with CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koleta Hemine
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Functional Materials, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Skwierawska
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Functional Materials, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Cyprian Kleist
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Olewniczak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szwarc-Karabyka
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wyrzykowski
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Mieszkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Chojnacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Nierzwicki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Uhl P, Grundmann C, Sauter M, Storck P, Tursch A, Özbek S, Leotta K, Roth R, Witzigmann D, Kulkarni JA, Fidelj V, Kleist C, Cullis PR, Fricker G, Mier W. Coating of PLA-nanoparticles with cyclic, arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides enables oral delivery of liraglutide. Nanomedicine 2019; 24:102132. [PMID: 31783138 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Until today, the oral delivery of peptide drugs is hampered due to their instability in the gastrointestinal tract and low mucosal penetration. To overcome these hurdles, PLA (polylactide acid)-nanoparticles were coated with a cyclic, polyarginine-rich, cell penetrating peptide (cyclic R9-CPP). These surface-modified nanoparticles showed a size and polydispersity index comparable to standard PLA-nanoparticles. The zeta potential showed a significant increase indicating successful CPP-coupling to the surface of the nanoparticles. Cryo-EM micrographs confirmed the appropriate size and morphology of the modified nanoparticles. A high encapsulation efficiency of liraglutide could be achieved. In vitro tests using Caco-2 cells showed high viability indicating the tolerability of this novel formulation. A strongly enhanced mucosal binding and penetration was demonstrated by a Caco-2 binding and uptake assay. In Wistar rats, the novel nanoparticles showed a substantial, 4.5-fold increase in the oral bioavailability of liraglutide revealing great potential for the oral delivery of peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Uhl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Grundmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Sauter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Storck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Tursch
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Özbek
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies, Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Leotta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Roth
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Witzigmann
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J A Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - V Fidelj
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Kleist
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kogut M, Kleist C, Czub J. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the balance of forces governing the formation of a guanine tetrad-a common structural unit of G-quadruplex DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:3020-30. [PMID: 26980278 PMCID: PMC4838382 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4) are nucleic acid conformations of guanine-rich sequences, in which guanines are arranged in the square-planar G-tetrads, stacked on one another. G4 motifs form in vivo and are implicated in regulation of such processes as gene expression and chromosome maintenance. The structure and stability of various G4 topologies were determined experimentally; however, the driving forces for their formation are not fully understood at the molecular level. Here, we used all-atom molecular dynamics to probe the microscopic origin of the G4 motif stability. By computing the free energy profiles governing the dissociation of the 3′-terminal G-tetrad in the telomeric parallel-stranded G4, we examined the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of a single G-tetrad, as a common structural unit of G4 DNA. Our results indicate that the energetics of guanine association alone does not explain the overall stability of the G-tetrad and that interactions involving sugar–phosphate backbone, in particular, the constrained minimization of the phosphate–phosphate repulsion energy, are crucial in providing the observed enthalpic stabilization. This enthalpic gain is largely compensated by the unfavorable entropy change due to guanine association and optimization of the backbone topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kogut
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Cyprian Kleist
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Czub
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Deichmann M, Huder JB, Kleist C, Näher H, Schüpbach J, Böni J. Grenzen der Zellkultur: Humane Melanom-Zelllinien zeigen reverse Transkriptase-Aktivität, die von einem murinen Leukämie-Virus stammt. Akt Dermatol 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-822207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Arnold-Schild D, Kleist C, Welschof M, Opelz G, Rammensee HG, Schild H, Terness P. One-step single-chain Fv recombinant antibody-based purification of gp96 for vaccine development. Cancer Res 2000; 60:4175-8. [PMID: 10945626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins such as gp96 (grp94) isolated from tumor or infected cells are able to induce specific cytotoxic T-cell responses and protective immunity. To facilitate rapid and efficient isolation, we generated gp96-specific recombinant single-chain Fv (scFv) antibodies from a semisynthetic phage display library. When immobilized on Sepharose beads, these antibodies allow a high-yield, one-step purification of native gp96 molecules from both mouse and human tumor cell lysates. gp96 molecules eluted from these affinity columns under mild conditions are still capable of generating antigen-specific CTL responses in mice. Thus, scFv-purified gp96 is still associated with peptides; however, in contrast to conventionally purified gp96, scFv-isolated gp96 is free of contaminating material such as mitogenic concanavalin A and proteolytic cathepsins. With the help of these high-yield antibody columns, it is now possible to rapidly isolate immunogenic gp96-peptide complexes from small amounts of tumor material to a purity that allows their use in cancer immunotherapy protocols.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/isolation & purification
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Chromatography, Agarose/methods
- Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology
- Heat-Shock Proteins/isolation & purification
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Library
- Precipitin Tests
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arnold-Schild
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Little M, Welschof M, Braunagel M, Hermes I, Christ C, Keller A, Rohrbach P, Kürschner T, Schmidt S, Kleist C, Terness P. Generation of a large complex antibody library from multiple donors. J Immunol Methods 1999; 231:3-9. [PMID: 10648923 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(99)00164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have generated a large complex library of single chain antibodies based on four individual libraries from each of 50 donors. DNA coding for the heavy and light chain variable domains of the IgM and IgG repertoires was amplified by PCR using two different sets of primers. Each individual library was composed of approximately 1-5x10(7) independent clones giving a final combined library of 4x10(9) members. Screening this library by phage display of single chain antibodies with small haptens, peptides and proteins yielded specific antibodies for each class of antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Little
- German Cancer Research Center, Recombinant Antibody Unit (D0500), Diagnostics and Experimental Therapy Programme, INF 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Welschof M, Reineke U, Kleist C, Kipriyanov S, Little M, Volkmer-Engert R, Schneider-Mergener J, Opelz G, Terness P. The antigen binding domain of non-idiotypic human anti-F(ab')2 autoantibodies: study of their interaction with IgG hinge region epitopes. Hum Immunol 1999; 60:282-90. [PMID: 10363719 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(98)00132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies we described a natural human IgG-anti-F(ab')2 autoantibody family with immunoregulatory properties. Genes coding for the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of the Abs were isolated from a natural Ig gene library and scFv Abs were expressed in E. coli. The scFv Abs bound to F(ab')2 but not to Fab fragments. This points to an epitope located in the hinge region since Fab fragments are lacking most of the hinge. In order to verify our hypothesis, double chain peptides comprising the lower-, middle-, and part of the upper hinge subregion of IgG1-IgG4 were synthesized on cellulose membranes and tested for binding to the Abs. The results show binding of Abs to IgG1 and IgG4 hinge region peptides. In order to identify the key residues of the discontinuous epitopes we carried out complete substitutional analyses in which each amino acid of the wt peptides was substituted by all other amino acids except cysteine. The exchange of proline in the IgG1 or IgG4 middle hinge region abrogated the binding, revealing the importance of this subregion for epitope expression. No binding to the IgG2 or IgG3 hinge was detected. These results indicate that scFv anti-F(ab')2 Abs recognize the hinge region of IgG1 and IgG4 and that the expression of the epitope depends on an intact middle hinge subregion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Welschof
- BASF-Lynx Bioscience AG, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Abstract
The problem of amplifying a specific antibody in a population of millions of other antibodies has been solved by the immune system using the process of clonal selection Binding of an antigen to an IgM receptor on the surface of B-lymphocytes stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of the lymphocyte until it matures to an IgG-producing plasma cell. To mimic the first step of this process in bacteria, vectors have been constructed for the expression of antibodies on the surface of bacteria and phages (for review see Chapter 32 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dörsam
- Recombinant Antibody Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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