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Janssens K, Van Der Snickt G, Alfeld M, Noble P, van Loon A, Delaney J, Conover D, Zeibel J, Dik J. Rembrandt's ‘Saul and David’ (c. 1652): Use of multiple types of smalt evidenced by means of non-destructive imaging. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Conover D, Geiger D, Sisson T. Dormant Season Foliar Spraying Slows the Spread of Wintercreeper, English Ivy, and Lesser Periwinkle in Wooded Natural Areas. ECOL RESTOR 2016. [DOI: 10.3368/er.34.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Conover D, Wauligman WR, Cody K. Tipped Over Duck Nest Box Traps Turtles in a Restored Wetland (Ohio). ECOL RESTOR 2011. [DOI: 10.3368/er.29.3.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Conover D, Pelikan S. Earlier Flowering in a Restored Wetland-Prairie Correlated with Warmer Temperatures (Ohio). ECOL RESTOR 2010. [DOI: 10.3368/er.28.4.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wang P, Conover D, Ning R, O'Dell W. SU-FF-I-01: 3D Computer-Aided Detection of Masses and Micro-Calcifications From Cone Beam CT Scans: A Breast Phantom Study. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kanitz MH, Witzmann FA, Lotz WG, Conover D, Savage RE. Investigation of protein expression in magnetic field-treated human glioma cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2007; 28:546-52. [PMID: 17570505 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported phenotypic changes in human breast cancer cells following low-level magnetic field (MF) exposure. Here proteomic methods were used to investigate the biochemical effect of MF exposure in SF767 human glioma cells. Protein alterations were studied after exposure to 1.2 microTesla (microT) MF [12 milliGauss (mG), 60 Hertz (Hz)] +/- epidermal growth factor (EGF). SF767 cells were exposed for 3 h to sham conditions (<0.2 microT ambient field strength) or 1.2 microT MF (+/-EGF; 10 ng/ml). Solubilized protein fractions (sham; 1.2 microT; sham + EGF; 1.2 microT + EGF) were loaded for electrophoresis by 2D-PAGE and stained using a colloidal Coomassie blue technique to resolve and characterize the proteins. Protein patterns were compared across groups via Student's t-test using PDQUEST software. Cell profiles revealed significant alterations in the spot density of a subset of treated cells. Automated spot excision and processing was performed prior to peptide mass fingerprinting proteins of interest. Fifty-seven proteins from the detectable pool were identified and/or found to differ significantly across treatment groups. The mean abundance of 10 identified proteins was altered following 1.2 microT exposure. In the presence of EGF six proteins were altered after low magnetic field treatment by increasing (4) or decreasing (2) in abundance. The results suggest that the analysis of differentially expressed proteins in SF767 cells may be useful as biomarkers for biological changes caused by exposure to magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Kanitz
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA.
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Earnest GS, Reed LD, Conover D, Estill C, Gjessing C, Gressel M, Hall R, Hudock S, Hudson H, Kardous C, Sheehy J, Topmiller J, Trout D, Woebkenberg M, Amendola A, Hsiao H, Keane P, Weissman D, Finfinger G, Tadolini S, Thimons E, Cullen E, Jenkins M, McKibbin R, Conway G, Husberg B, Lincoln J, Rodenbeck S, Lantagne D, Cardarelli J. Engineering and public health at CDC. MMWR Suppl 2006; 55:10-3. [PMID: 17183236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering is the application of scientific and technical knowledge to solve human problems. Using imagination, judgment, and reasoning to apply science, technology, mathematics, and practical experience, engineers develop the design, production, and operation of useful objects or processes. During the 1940s, engineers dominated the ranks of CDC scientists. In fact, the first CDC director, Assistant Surgeon General Mark Hollis, was an engineer. CDC engineers were involved in malaria control through the elimination of standing water. Eventually the CDC mission expanded to include prevention and control of dengue, typhus, and other communicable diseases. The development of chlorination, water filtration, and sewage treatment were crucial to preventing waterborne illness. Beginning in the 1950s, CDC engineers began their work to improve public health while developing the fields of environmental health, industrial hygiene, and control of air pollution. Engineering disciplines represented at CDC today include biomedical, civil, chemical, electrical, industrial, mechanical, mining, and safety engineering. Most CDC engineers are located in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Engineering research at CDC has a broad stakeholder base. With the cooperation of industry, labor, trade associations, and other stakeholders and partners, current work includes studies of air contaminants, mining, safety, physical agents, ergonomics, and environmental hazards. Engineering solutions remain a cornerstone of the traditional "hierarchy of controls" approach to reducing public health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Scott Earnest
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
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Savage RE, Kanitz MH, Lotz WG, Conover D, Hennessey EM, Hanneman WH, Witzmann FA. Changes in gene and protein expression in magnetic field-treated human glioma cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2005; 15:115-20. [PMID: 20021071 DOI: 10.1080/15376520590918829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Because few cancer studies have examined protein profiles and genetic regulation from a single carcinogen exposure, the objective of this study was to determine genetic change via microarray and to evaluate whether that change was a precursor to cellular protein changes. In separate but experimentally identical studies, human glioma SF767 cells were exposed for 3 h to 60-Hz magnetic fields (sham or 1.2 muT). Microarray results suggested that magnetic field treatment resulted in the up-regulation of 5 genes, whereas 25 genes were down-regulated. The mean abundance of 10 identified proteins was altered following 1.2 muT exposure relative to sham (3 increase, 7 decrease). These studies suggest a limited but complicated response in the glioma cells to the magnetic field treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Savage
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio, 45226
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Tang X, Ning R, Yu R, Conover D. Cone beam volume CT image artifacts caused by defective cells in x-ray flat panel imagers and the artifact removal using a wavelet-analysis-based algorithm. Med Phys 2001; 28:812-25. [PMID: 11393477 DOI: 10.1118/1.1368878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of x-ray flat panel imagers (FPIs) in cone beam volume CT (CBVCT) has attracted increasing attention. However, due to a deficient semiconductor array manufacturing process, defective cells unavoidably exist in x-ray FPIs. These defective cells cause their corresponding image pixels in a projection image to behave abnormally in signal gray level, and result in severe streak and ring artifacts in a CBVCT image reconstructed from the projection images. Since a three-dimensional (3-D) back-projection is involved in CBVCT, the formation of the streak and ring artifacts is different from that in the two-dimensional (2-D) fan beam CT. In this paper, a geometric analysis of the abnormality propagation in the 3D back-projection is presented, and the morphology of the streak and ring artifacts caused by the abnormality propagation is investigated through both computer simulation and phantom studies. In order to calibrate those artifacts, a 2D wavelet-analysis-based statistical approach to correct the abnormal pixels is proposed. The approach consists of three steps: (1) the location-invariant defective cells in an x-ray FPI are recognized by applying 2-D wavelet analysis on flat-field images, and a comprehensive defective cell template is acquired; (2) based upon the template, the abnormal signal gray level of the projection image pixels corresponding to the location-invariant defective cells is replaced with the interpolation of that of their normal neighbor pixels; (3) that corresponding to the isolated location-variant defective cells are corrected using a narrow-windowed median filter. The CBVCT images of a CT low-contrast phantom are employed to evaluate this proposed approach, showing that the streak and ring artifacts can be reliably eliminated. The novelty and merit of the approach are the incorporation of the wavelet analysis whose intrinsic multi-resolution analysis and localizability make the recognition algorithm robust under variable x-ray exposure levels between 30% and 70% of the dynamic range of an x-ray FPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Tang
- Department of Radiology, University of Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Ning R, Chen B, Yu R, Conover D, Tang X, Ning Y. Flat panel detector-based cone-beam volume CT angiography imaging: system evaluation. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2000; 19:949-963. [PMID: 11127608 DOI: 10.1109/42.887842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary evaluation of recently developed large-area flat panel detectors (FPDs) indicates that FPDs have some potential advantages: compactness, absence of geometric distortion and veiling glare with the benefits of high resolution, high detective quantum efficiency (DQE), high frame rate and high dynamic range, small image lag (< 1%), and excellent linearity (approximately 1%). The advantages of the new FPD make it a promising candidate for cone-beam volume computed tomography (CT) angiography (CBVCTA) imaging. The purpose of this study is to characterize a prototype FPD-based imaging system for CBVCTA applications. A prototype FPD-based CBVCTA imaging system has been designed and constructed around a modified GE 8800 CT scanner. This system is evaluated for a CBVCTA imaging task in the head and neck using four phantoms and a frozen rat. The system is first characterized in terms of linearity and dynamic range of the detector. Then, the optimal selection of kVps for CBVCTA is determined and the effect of image lag and scatter on the image quality of the CBVCTA system is evaluated. Next, low-contrast resolution and high-contrast spatial resolution are measured. Finally, the example reconstruction images of a frozen rat are presented. The results indicate that the FPD-based CBVCT can achieve 2.75-lp/mm spatial resolution at 0% modulation transfer function (MTF) and provide more than enough low-contrast resolution for intravenous CBVCTA imaging in the head and neck with clinically acceptable entrance exposure level. The results also suggest that to use an FPD for large cone-angle applications, such as body angiography, further investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ning
- Department of Radiology and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Uetz P, Giot L, Cagney G, Mansfield TA, Judson RS, Knight JR, Lockshon D, Narayan V, Srinivasan M, Pochart P, Qureshi-Emili A, Li Y, Godwin B, Conover D, Kalbfleisch T, Vijayadamodar G, Yang M, Johnston M, Fields S, Rothberg JM. A comprehensive analysis of protein-protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature 2000; 403:623-7. [PMID: 10688190 DOI: 10.1038/35001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3099] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two large-scale yeast two-hybrid screens were undertaken to identify protein-protein interactions between full-length open reading frames predicted from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence. In one approach, we constructed a protein array of about 6,000 yeast transformants, with each transformant expressing one of the open reading frames as a fusion to an activation domain. This array was screened by a simple and automated procedure for 192 yeast proteins, with positive responses identified by their positions in the array. In a second approach, we pooled cells expressing one of about 6,000 activation domain fusions to generate a library. We used a high-throughput screening procedure to screen nearly all of the 6,000 predicted yeast proteins, expressed as Gal4 DNA-binding domain fusion proteins, against the library, and characterized positives by sequence analysis. These approaches resulted in the detection of 957 putative interactions involving 1,004 S. cerevisiae proteins. These data reveal interactions that place functionally unclassified proteins in a biological context, interactions between proteins involved in the same biological function, and interactions that link biological functions together into larger cellular processes. The results of these screens are shown here.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Uetz
- Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7360, USA
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Hudson JR, Dawson EP, Rushing KL, Jackson CH, Lockshon D, Conover D, Lanciault C, Harris JR, Simmons SJ, Rothstein R, Fields S. The complete set of predicted genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a readily usable form. Genome Res 1997; 7:1169-73. [PMID: 9414322 PMCID: PMC310675 DOI: 10.1101/gr.7.12.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all of the open reading frames (ORFs) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been synthesized by PCR using a set of approximately 6000 primer pairs. Each of the forward primers has a common 22-base sequence at its 5' end, and each of the back primers has a common 20-base sequence at its 5' end. These common termini allow reamplification of the entire set of original PCR products using a single pair of longer primers-in our case, 70 bases. The resulting 70-base elements that flank each ORF can be used for rapid and efficient cloning into a linearized yeast vector that contains these same elements at its termini. This cloning by genetic recombination obviates the need for ligations or bacterial manipulations and should permit convenient global approaches to gene function that require the assay of each putative yeast gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Hudson
- Research Genetics Inc., Huntsville, Alabama 35801, USA
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Abstract
Two closely linked genes were identified and characterized in the 24F region on the left arm of chromosome 2 in Drosophila. One cDNA predicts a protein of 231 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 25.7 kDa. The predicted amino-acid sequence of this protein is 47.2% identical to that of the previously reported human GS1 protein, which is encoded by a gene that is of interest because it is one of the few X-linked genes that escapes X-inactivation. We have accordingly named our gene GS1like (GS1l). The second cDNA begins 383 bp proximal to the first. This cDNA encodes a protein of a predicted 149 amino acids and a molecular mass of 17.0 kDa. This protein represents a homolog of ribosomal protein L27a; thus, we have named the gene RpL27a. This gene might be responsible for the Minute mutation located at 24F. An rpL27a gene was previously localized to 87F/88A; thus, this gene might be present in two locations in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Soehnge
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77252, USA
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Abstract
Behavioral and electrophysiological studies on mutants defective in the Drosophila inebriated (ine) gene demonstrated increased excitability of the motor neuron. In this paper, we describe the cloning and sequence analysis of ine. Mutations in ine were localized on cloned DNA by restriction mapping and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping of ine mutants. DNA from the ine region was then used to isolate an ine cDNA. In situ hybridization of ine transcripts to developing embryos revealed expression of this gene in several cell types, including the posterior hindgut, Malpighian tubules, anal plate, garland cells, and a subset of cells in the central nervous system. The ine cDNA contains an open reading frame of 658 amino acids with a high degree of sequence similarity to members of the Na+/Cl(-)-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family. Members of this family catalyze the rapid reuptake of neurotransmitters released into the synapse and thereby play key roles in controlling neuronal function. We conclude that ine mutations cause increased excitability of the Drosophila motor neuron by causing the defective reuptake of the substrate neurotransmitter of the ine transporter and thus overstimulation of the motor neuron by this neurotransmitter. From this observation comes a unique opportunity to perform a genetic dissection of the regulation of excitability of the Drosophila motor neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Soehnge
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
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West D, Glaser Z, Thomas A, Alexander V, Conover D, Murray W, Curtis R, Mallinger S, Robbins A, Bingham E. Radiofrequency (RF) sealers and heaters: potential health hazards and their prevention. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1980; 41:A22, A24, A26, passim. [PMID: 7395722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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