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Tazir M, Nouioua S, Hamadouche T, Bernard R, Grid D, Levy N, Vallat J. G.P.4.04 A new MTMR2 mutation is responsible for a congenital form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT4B1) and vocal cord paresis. Neuromuscul Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tazir M, Ali-Pacha L, M'Zahem A, Delaunoy J, Fritsch M, Nouioua S, Benhassine T, Assami S, Grid D, Vallat J, Hamri A, Koenig M. Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2: A clinical and genetic study of 19 patients. J Neurol Sci 2009; 278:77-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Richard P, Gaudon K, Haddad H, Ammar AB, Genin E, Bauche S, Paturneau-Jouas M, Muller JS, Lochmuller H, Grid D, Hamri A, Nouioua S, Tazir M, Mayer M, Desnuelle C, Barois A, Chabrol B, Pouget J, Koenig J, Gouider-Khouja N, Hentati F, Eymard B, Hantai D. The CHRNE 1293insG founder mutation is a frequent cause of congenital myasthenia in North Africa. Neurology 2008; 71:1967-72. [DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000336921.51639.0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Hamadouche T, Poitelon Y, Genin E, Chaouch M, Tazir M, Kassouri N, Nouioua S, Chaouch A, Boccaccio I, Benhassine T, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Grid D, Lévy N, Delague V. Founder effect and estimation of the age of the c.892C>T (p.Arg298Cys) mutation in LMNA associated to Charcot-Marie-Tooth subtype CMT2B1 in families from North Western Africa. Ann Hum Genet 2008; 72:590-7. [PMID: 18549403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CMT2B1, an axonal subtype (MIM 605588) of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, is an autosomal recessive motor and sensory neuropathy characterized by progressive muscular and sensory loss in the distal extremities with chronic distal weakness. The genetic defect associated with the disease is, to date, a unique homozygous missense mutation, p.Arg298Cys (c.892C>T), in the LMNA gene. So far, this mutation has only been found in affected individuals originating from a restricted region of North Western Africa (northwest of Algeria and east of Morocco), strongly suggesting a founder effect. In order to address this hypothesis, genotyping of both STRs and intragenic SNPs was performed at the LMNA locus, at chromosome 1q21.2-q21.3, in 42 individuals affected with CMT2B1 from 25 Algerian families. Our results indicate that the affected individuals share a common ancestral haplotype in a region of about 1.0 Mb (1 cM) and that the most recent common ancestor would have lived about 800-900 years ago (95% confidence interval: 550 to 1300 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hamadouche
- INSERM UMR_S 910, Génétique Médicale et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de La Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, France
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Tazir M, Hühne K, Nouioua S, Grid D, Hamadouche T, Rautenstrauss B, Vallat M. G.P.18.01 Giant axonal neuropathy: Phenotype–genotype correlations in two cases with two novel mutations in the Gigaxonin gene. Neuromuscul Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Delague V, Jacquier A, Hamadouche T, Poitelon Y, Baudot C, Boccaccio I, Chouery E, Chaouch M, Kassouri N, Jabbour R, Grid D, Mégarbané A, Haase G, Levy N. G.O.3 Mutations in FGD4 encoding the Rho GDP/GTP exchange factor FRABIN cause autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4H. Neuromuscul Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2007.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dubourg O, Azzedine H, Verny C, Durosier G, Birouk N, Gouider R, Salih M, Bouhouche A, Thiam A, Grid D, Mayer M, Ruberg M, Tazir M, Brice A, LeGuern E. Autosomal-recessive forms of demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Neuromolecular Med 2007; 8:75-86. [PMID: 16775368 DOI: 10.1385/nmm:8:1-2:75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (ARCMT) account for less than 10% of the families in the European CMT population but are more frequent in the Mediterranean basin and the Middle East because of more widespread consanguinity. Until now, demyelinating ARCMT was more extensively studied at the genetic level than the axonal form. Since 1999, the number of localized or identified genes responsible for demyelinating ARCMT has greatly increased. Eight genes, EGR2, GDAP1, KIAA1985, MTMR2, MTMR13, NDRG1, PRX, and CTDP1, have been identified and two new loci mapped to chromosomes 10q23 and 12p11-q13. In this review, we will focus on the particular clinical and/or neuropathological features of the phenotype caused by mutations in each of these genes, which might guide molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Dubourg
- INSERM U679 (ex U289), la Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Azzedine H, Ravisé N, Verny C, Gabrëels-Festen A, Lammens M, Grid D, Vallat JM, Durosier G, Senderek J, Nouioua S, Hamadouche T, Bouhouche A, Guilbot A, Stendel C, Ruberg M, Brice A, Birouk N, Dubourg O, Tazir M, LeGuern E. Spine deformities in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 4C caused by SH3TC2 gene mutations. Neurology 2006; 67:602-6. [PMID: 16924012 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000230225.19797.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral motor and sensory neuropathies with several modes of inheritance: autosomal dominant, X-linked, and autosomal recessive (AR) CMT. A locus responsible for the demyelinating form of ARCMT was assigned to the 5q23-q33 region (CMT4C) by homozygosity mapping. Recently, 11 mutations were identified in the SH3TC2 (KIAA1985) gene in 12 families with demyelinating ARCMT from Turkish, Iranian, Greek, Italian, or German origin. OBJECTIVE To identify mutations in the SH3TC2 gene. METHODS The authors searched for SH3TC2 gene mutations in 10 consanguineous CMT families putatively linked to the CMT4C locus on the basis of haplotype segregation and linkage analysis. RESULTS Ten families had mutations, eight of which were new and one, R954X, recurrent. Six of the 10 mutations were in exon 11. Onset occurred between ages 2 and 10. Scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis and foot deformities were found in almost all patients and were often inaugural. The median motor nerve conduction velocity values (</=34 m/s) were not correlated with disease duration. The functional disability score was </=3, indicating that the patients could walk without help. Unexpectedly, typical giant axons were observed on biopsies from a large Algerian family. CONCLUSIONS Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4C (CMT4C) is less severe than other autosomal recessive (AR) CMT. Intrafamilial variability is important, making phenotype-genotype correlations difficult, but spine deformities are clearly a hallmark of CMT4C. In the presence of scoliosis, a neurologic examination is recommended. Giant axons on biopsies are also suggestive of CMT4C. For genetic analysis, the R954X mutation should be looked for before systematic sequencing of exon 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Azzedine
- INSERM U679 (ex U289), Neurology and Experimental Therapeutics, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
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Elleuch N, Depienne C, Benomar A, Hernandez AMO, Ferrer X, Fontaine B, Grid D, Tallaksen CME, Zemmouri R, Stevanin G, Durr A, Brice A. Mutation analysis of the paraplegin gene (SPG7) in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Neurology 2006; 66:654-9. [PMID: 16534102 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000201185.91110.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the SPG7 gene, which encodes paraplegin, are responsible for an autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). OBJECTIVE To screen the SPG7 gene in a large population of HSP families compatible with autosomal recessive transmission. METHODS The authors analyzed 136 probands with pure or complex HSP for mutations in the SPG7 using denaturation high-performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing. RESULTS The authors identified 47 variants including 6 mutations, 27 polymorphisms, and 14 changes with unknown effects. In one family from Morocco, compound c.850_851delTTinsC and c.1742_1744delTGG heterozygous mutations were shown to be causative. This family had complex HSP with cerebellar impairment. Progression of the disease was rapid, resulting in a severe disease after 8 years of duration. Also detected were 20 families with one heterozygous mutation that was not found in a large control population. The mutations produced highly defective proteins in four of these families, suggesting that they were probably causative. Direct sequencing of all exons and reverse transcription PCR experiments demonstrated the absence of a second mutation. However, the p.Ala510Val missense substitution previously described as a polymorphism was shown to be significantly associated with HSP, suggesting that it had a functional effect. CONCLUSION SPG7 mutations account for less than 5% of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) families compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. Cerebellar signs or cerebellar atrophy on brain imaging were the most frequent additional features in patients with SPG7 HSP. Rare nucleotide variants in SPG7 are frequent, complicating routine diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Elleuch
- INSERM U679, Neurology and Experimental Therapeutics, Département de Génétique, Cytogénétique, et Embryologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
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De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Delague V, Hamadouche T, Chaouch M, Krahn M, Boccaccio I, Maisonobe T, Chouery E, Jabbour R, Atweh S, Grid D, Mégarbané A, Lévy N. Homozygosity mapping of autosomal recessive demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT4H) to a novel locus on chromosome 12p11.21-q13.11. J Med Genet 2006; 42:260-5. [PMID: 15744041 PMCID: PMC1736004 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.024364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Vallat JM, Grid D, Magdelaine C, Sturtz F, Tazir M. Autosomal recessive forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2004; 4:413-9. [PMID: 15324608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In some countries with a high prevalence of consanguineous marriages, autosomal recessive inheritance is likely to account for the great majority of all forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. As with the dominant forms, it is usual to differentiate the demyelinating forms (autosomal recessive -CMT1 or AR-CMT4) from the axonal forms (AR-CMT2). Genetic analysis of large families with recessive transmission has proved to be an efficient mean of discovering novel CMT genotypes (eg, the genes GDAP1, MTMR2, MTMR13, KIAA1985, NDGR1, periaxin, and lamin). Because of the clinical, electrophysiologic, and histologic heterogeneity of these patients, it is likely that there are numerous genes that remain to be discovered, which will probably make classification even more complex. Clinical, and especially histologic, phenotypes often lead to a suspicion that a specific gene is implicated. There is, therefore, an indication for nerve biopsy to orient diagnostic research in molecular biology, which is presently very time consuming and can only be performed in highly specialized laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Vallat
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Dupuytren, 2 Avenue Martin Luther King, 87042 Limoges Cedex, France.
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Tazir M, Azzedine H, Assami S, Sindou P, Nouioua S, Zemmouri R, Hamadouche T, Chaouch M, Feingold J, Vallat JM, Leguern E, Grid D. Phenotypic variability in autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease due to the R298C mutation in lamin A/C. Brain 2004; 127:154-63. [PMID: 14607793 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awh021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive forms of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth (ARCMT2) disease are frequent in some areas, such as North Africa and the Middle East, since consanguineous marriages are still common there. Recently, a unique homozygous mutation in LMNA, which encodes lamin A/C, a component of the nuclear envelope, was identified in members of three Algerian families with ARCMT2 linked to chromosome 1q21.2-q21.3. In the present study we describe a group of 21 ARCMT2 patients from seven unrelated Algerian families with the same R298C mutation in the lamin A/C gene and marked variability of the clinical phenotype. There is a wide range of age of onset, from 6 to 27 years, with a mean of 14.4 +/- 4.6 years. The course of the disease varies considerably from one patient to another. Twelve patients with a disease duration of 10-15 years had a severe CMT phenotype with distal wasting and weakness of all four limbs and areflexia associated with involvement of the proximal lower limb muscles. In contrast, nine patients had the classical CMT phenotype with mild functional disability without proximal lower limb involvement after a disease duration of 5-18 years. Electrophysiological studies showed a median motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in the normal range in almost all the patients. MNCV and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) values were inversely correlated with the disease duration and the MNCV was strictly related to the CMAP, strongly supporting a pure axonal process without a demyelinating component. Six patients had a nerve biopsy, which revealed severe rarefaction of myelinated fibres in all cases and an increased density of unmyelinated fibres in the majority of cases. In conclusion, the ARCMT2 associated with the R298C mutation differs from other types of ARCMT2. The variability among patients in the age of onset and the course of the disease strongly suggests the action of modifying genes, which remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tazir
- Service de Neurologie, Central Hospitalier Universitaire Mustapha 16.000 Algiers, Algeria.
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De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Chaouch M, Boccaccio I, Bernard R, Delague V, Grid D, Vallat JM, Lévy N, Mégarbané A. Phenotypic and genetic exploration of severe demyelinating and secondary axonal neuropathies resulting from GDAP1 nonsense and splicing mutations. J Med Genet 2003; 40:e87. [PMID: 12843336 PMCID: PMC1735511 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.7.e87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A De Sandre-Giovannoli
- Inserm U491, Génétique Médicale et Développement, Faculté de Médecine la Timone, 13385 Marseille, France
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Chaouch M, Allal Y, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Vallat JM, Amer-el-Khedoud A, Kassouri N, Chaouch A, Sindou P, Hammadouche T, Tazir M, Lévy N, Grid D. The phenotypic manifestations of autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth due to a mutation in Lamin A/C gene. Neuromuscul Disord 2003; 13:60-7. [PMID: 12467734 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(02)00196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease constitutes a genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary motor and sensory peripheral neuropathies. The axonal type of Charcot-Marie-Tooth is designated type 2. Six loci for autosomal dominant and three for recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 have been reported so far. In this study we report the phenotype of autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 due to a recently-described mutation (c.892C>T-p.R298C) in a gene encoding Lamin A/C nuclear envelope proteins and the first gene in which a mutation leads to autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2. We have explored eight patients from four Algerian families. The onset is usually in the second decade and the course is rapid, involving upper limbs and proximal muscles, leading to a severe condition in less than 4 years. Many different mutations in Lamin A/C have been identified as causing variable phenotypes, such as limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B, autosomal dominant and recessive Emery-Dreyfuss muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy with atrioventricular conduction defect, and Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy should prompt us to fully investigate the skeletal and cardiac muscles in patients affected with autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 carrying a mutation in LMNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chaouch
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ben-Aknoun, Algiers, Algeria
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Tazir M, Vallat JM, Bomont P, Zemmouri R, Sindou P, Assami S, Nouioua S, Hammadouche T, Grid D, Koenig M. Genetic heterogeneity in giant axonal neuropathy: an Algerian family not linked to chromosome 16q24.1. Neuromuscul Disord 2002; 12:849-52. [PMID: 12398836 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(02)00029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Giant axonal neuropathy is a rare severe autosomal recessive childhood disorder affecting both the peripheral nerves and the central nervous system. Peripheral nerves characteristically show giant axonal swellings filled with neurofilaments. The giant axonal neuropathy gene was localised by homozygosity mapping to chromosome 16q24.1 and identified as encoding a novel, ubiquitously expressed cytoskeletal protein named gigaxonin.We describe a consanguineous Algerian family with three affected sibs aged 16, 14 and 12 years who present a mild demyelinating sensory motor neuropathy, hypoacousia and kyphoscoliosis which was moderate in the two elder patients, severe in the third one, with no sign of central nervous system involvement and normal cerebral magnetic resonance imaging. This clinical picture is different from the classical severe form, with kinky hairs and early onset of central nervous system involvement and from the less severe form, with protracted course and late involvement of central nervous system. Nerve biopsy showed a moderate loss of myelinated fibers and several giant axons with thin or absent myelin, filled with neurofilaments. This neuropathological aspect is similar to the previously described families linked to the gigaxonin gene. Genetic study in this family showed absence of linkage to chromosome 16q24.1, indicating for the first time, a genetic heterogeneity in giant axonal neuropathy. We propose to call this form of giant axonal neuropathy giant axonal neuropathy 2, and to use the name of giant axonal neuropathy 1 for the form linked to 16q24.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tazir
- Service de Neurologie, C.H.U Mustapha Bacha, Place du 1er Mai, 16000, Alger, Algeria.
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De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Chaouch M, Kozlov S, Vallat JM, Tazir M, Kassouri N, Szepetowski P, Hammadouche T, Vandenberghe A, Stewart CL, Grid D, Levy N. Homozygous Defects In Lmna, Encoding Lamin A/C Nuclear-Envelope Proteins, Cause Autosomal Recessive Axonal Neuropathy In Human (Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disorder Type 2) And Mouse. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8027.2002.02026_2.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Moore T, Hecquet S, McLellann A, Ville D, Grid D, Picard F, Moulard B, Asherson P, Makoff AJ, McCormick D, Nashef L, Froguel P, Arzimanoglou A, LeGuern E, Bailleul B. Polymorphism analysis of JRK/JH8, the human homologue of mouse jerky, and description of a rare mutation in a case of CAE evolving to JME. Epilepsy Res 2001; 46:157-67. [PMID: 11463517 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-1211(01)00275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the function of the mouse jerky gene by transgene insertion causes generalized recurrent seizures reminiscent of human idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). A human homologue, JRK/JH8, has been cloned, which maps to 8q24, a chromosomal region associated with several forms of IGE. JRK/JH8 is, therefore, a candidate locus for at least some forms of IGE. We report corrected cDNA sequences and extended open reading frames for the mouse jerky and human JRK/JH8 genes, which add 48 amino acids to the N-terminus of the Jerky protein and which extends the region of homology with the N-terminal DNA-binding domain of the centromere-binding protein, CENP-B. Systematic sequencing of the coding region of the extended JRK/JH8 gene identified single nucleotide polymorphisms that define three haplotypes, which were used for association studies in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. We report one subject with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) that evolved to juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) that has a unique de novo mutation that results in a non-conservative amino acid change at a potential protein glycosylation site. Familial analysis supports a causal role for this mutation in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Moore
- Department of Biochemistry, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Cork, Ireland.
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Zemmouri R, Azzedine H, Assami S, Kitouni N, Vallat JM, Maisonobe T, Hamadouche T, Kessaci M, Mansouri B, Le Guern E, Grid D, Tazir M. Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2-like presentation of an Algerian family with giant axonal neuropathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2000; 10:592-8. [PMID: 11053687 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(00)00141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Giant axonal neuropathy is a rare autosomal recessive childhood disorder characterized by a peripheral neuropathy and features of central nervous system involvement. We describe four patients belonging to a consanguineous Algerian family with late onset (6-10 years) slowly progressive autosomal recessive giant axonal neuropathy. The propositus presented with a Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2-like phenotype with foot deformity, distal amyotrophy of lower limbs, areflexia and distal lower limb hypoesthesia. Central nervous system involvement occurred 10 years later with mild cerebellar dysarthria and nystagmus in the propositus and 16 years after onset, a spastic paraplegia in the oldest patient. The two youngest patients (13 and 8 years old) do not present any signs of central nervous involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebellar atrophy in the two older. Nerve biopsy showed moderate axonal loss with several giant axons filled with neurofilaments. Genetic study established a linkage to chromosome 16q locus. This clinical presentation differs from the classical form of giant axonal neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zemmouri
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Mustapha, Alger Centre, Alger 16000, Algeria
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Salih MA, Maisonobe T, Kabiraj M, al Rayess M, al-Turaiki MH, Akbar M, Tahan A, Urtizberea JA, Grid D, Hamadouche T, Guilbot A, Brice A, Leguern E. Autosomal recessive hereditary neuropathy with focally folded myelin sheaths and linked to chromosome 11q23: a distinct and homogeneous entity. Neuromuscul Disord 2000; 10:10-5. [PMID: 10677858 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(99)00057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a six generation Saudi kindred, with a recessive hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN). Four individuals were affected including two children (a boy and a girl) and a 23-year-old man. The fourth (a female) died at the age of 14 years. Onset of the disease was early (< 2 years) and the clinical and neurophysiological features were, generally, quite similar to those of an Italian family linked to chromosome 11q23. The peculiar pathologic pattern was irregular and redundant loops associated with folding of the myelin sheaths. The genetic study confirmed linkage to chromosome 11q23 and refined the location of the gene between D11S1311 and D11S917, a 3.3 cM region. These findings support the existence of a homogeneous and distinct entity within the form of HMSN associated with focally folded myelin sheaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Salih
- Department of Pediatrics (39), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Guilbot A, Ravisé N, Bouhouche A, Coullin P, Birouk N, Maisonobe T, Kuntzer T, Vial C, Grid D, Brice A, LeGuern E. Genetic, cytogenetic and physical refinement of the autosomal recessive CMT linked to 5q31-q33: exclusion of candidate genes including EGR1. Eur J Hum Genet 1999; 7:849-59. [PMID: 10602360 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is an heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral motor and sensory neuropathies with several modes of inheritance: autosomal dominant, X-linked and autosomal recessive. By homozygosity mapping, we have identified, in the 5q23-q33 region, a third locus responsible for an autosomal recessive form of demyelinating CMT. Haplotype reconstruction and determination of the minimal region of homozygosity restricted the candidate region to a 4 cM interval. A physical map of the candidate region was established by screening YACs for microsatellites used for genetic analysis. Combined genetic, cytogenetic and physical mapping restricted the locus to a less than 2 Mb interval on chromosome 5q32. Seventeen consanguineous families with demyelinating ARCMT of various origins were screened for linkage to 5q31-q33. Three of these seventeen families are probably linked to this locus, indicating that the 5q locus accounts for about 20% of demyelinating ARCMT. Several candidate genes in the region were excluded by their position on the contig and/or by sequence analysis. The most obvious candidate gene, EGR1, expressed specifically in Schwann cells, mapped outside of the candidate region and no base changes were detected in two families by sequencing of the entire coding sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guilbot
- INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris.
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21
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Guilbot A, Kessali M, Ravisé N, Hammadouche T, Bouhouche A, Maisonobe T, Grid D, Brice A, LeGuern E. The autosomal recessive form of CMT disease linked to 5q31-q33. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 883:453-6. [PMID: 10586271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Guilbot
- INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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22
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Guilbot A, Kessali M, Ravisé N, Hammadouche T, Bouhouche A, Maisonobe T, Grid D, Brice A, Leguern E. The autosomal recessive form of CMT disease linked to 5q31-q33. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 883:56-9. [PMID: 10586230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Guilbot
- INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Bouhouche A, Benomar A, Birouk N, Mularoni A, Meggouh F, Tassin J, Grid D, Vandenberghe A, Yahyaoui M, Chkili T, Brice A, LeGuern E. A locus for an axonal form of autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease maps to chromosome 1q21.2-q21.3. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 65:722-7. [PMID: 10441578 PMCID: PMC1377978 DOI: 10.1086/302542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect the peripheral nervous system. Three loci are known for the autosomal dominant forms of axonal CMT (CMT2), but none have yet been identified for autosomal recessive axonal CMT (ARCMT2). We have studied a large consanguineous Moroccan ARCMT2 family with nine affected sibs. The onset of CMT was in the 2d decade in all affected individuals who presented with a severe motor and sensory neuropathy, with proximal muscle involvement occurring in some patients. After exclusion of known loci for CMT2 and for demyelinating ARCMT2, a genomewide search was performed. Evidence for linkage was found with markers on chromosome 1q. The maximum pairwise LOD score was above the threshold value of 3.00, for markers D1S514, D1S2715, D1S2777, and D1S2721, and it reached 6.10 at the loci D1S2777, D1S2721, and D1S2624, according to multipoint LOD-score analysis. These markers defined a region of homozygosity that placed the gene in a 4.4-cM interval. Moreover, a recombination event detected in an unaffected 48-year-old individual excludes the D1S506 marker, thereby reducing the interval to 1.7 cM. In addition, the P0 gene, an attractive candidate because of both its location on chromosome 1q and its role in myelin structure, was excluded by physical mapping and direct sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouhouche
- INSERM U.289, Fédération de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Bâtiment Nouvelle Pharmacie, Paris, France.
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Sáenz A, Galán J, Caloustian C, Lorenzo F, Márquez C, Rodríguez N, Jiménez MD, Poza JJ, Cobo AM, Grid D, Prud'homme JF, López de Munain A. Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy in a Spanish family with a Ser252Phe mutation in the CHRNA4 gene. Arch Neurol 1999; 56:1004-9. [PMID: 10448807 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.56.8.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large family with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy from the south of Spain was studied. The clinical appearance of the disease in this family, which included 28 members, of whom 11 were affected and 2 were obligate carriers, was identical to that previously described in an Australian family and a Norwegian family, in which mutations in exon 5 of the CHRNA4 gene were found. METHODS Following DNA extraction, the family was genotyped with 4 fluorescent markers flanking the locus to the CHRNA4 gene on chromosome 20q13.3, and lod score computations were performed. The exon 5 of the CHRNA4 gene was amplified between nucleotides 535 and 825 and polymerase chain reaction products were purified and sequenced directly. RESULTS The same missense mutation as that found in the Australian family, C-->T, which causes the replacement of a serine with phenylalanine in amino acid 252 in exon 5, was detected. This mutation segregated with the disorder in all 11 affected members, in the 2 obligate carriers, and in 1 asymptomatic sibling, and was not found in 1 spouse and 1 daughter. Neither of the 2 polymorphisms found in a series of families with epilepsy were found in our sample [corrected]. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm the clinical homogeneity in the phenotypic expression of autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy caused by mutation in the CHRNA4 gene, and the pathogenic role of the Ser252Phe mutation in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sáenz
- Experimental Unit, Hospital Nuestra Señora de Aránzazu, San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain.
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Coutinho P, Barros J, Zemmouri R, Guimarães J, Alves C, Chorão R, Lourenço E, Ribeiro P, Loureiro JL, Santos JV, Hamri A, Paternotte C, Hazan J, Silva MC, Prud'homme JF, Grid D. Clinical heterogeneity of autosomal recessive spastic paraplegias: analysis of 106 patients in 46 families. Arch Neurol 1999; 56:943-9. [PMID: 10448799 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.56.8.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive and predominant spasticity of the lower limbs, in which dominant, recessive, and X-linked forms have been described. While autosomal dominant HSP has been extensively studied, autosomal recessive HSP is less well known and is considered a rare condition. OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical presentation in a large group of patients with autosomal recessive HSP from Portugal and Algeria to define homogeneous groups that could serve as a guide for future molecular studies. RESULTS Clinical features in 106 patients belonging to 46 Portuguese and Algerian families with autosomal recessive HSP are presented, as well as the results of molecular studies in 23 of these families. Five phenotypes are defined: (1) pure early-onset families, (2) pure lateonset families, (3) complex families with mental retardation, (4) complex families with mental retardation and peripheral neuropathy, and (5) complex families with cerebellar ataxia. Six additional families have specific complex presentations, each of which is unique in the present series. Pyramidal signs in the upper limbs and pes cavus are frequent findings, while pseudobulbar signs, including dysarthria, dysphagia, and brisk jaw jerks, are more frequent in the complex forms. The complex forms have a poorer prognosis, while pure forms, particularly those with early onset, are more benign. One Algerian pure early-onset kindred was linked to the locus on chromosome 8, previously reported in 4 Tunisian families. Two of the Portuguese kindreds with complex forms (one with mental retardation and the other associated with hypoplasia of the corpus callosum) showed linkage to the locus recently identified on chromosome 16. CONCLUSIONS Although autosomal recessive HSP represents a heterogeneous group of diseases, some phenotypes can be defined by analyzing a large group of patients. The fact that only one Algerian family was linked to chromosome 8 suggests that this is a rare localization even in kindreds with the same ethnic background. Linkage to chromosome 16 was found in 2 clinically diverse Portuguese kindreds, illustrating that this locus is also rare and may correspond to different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Coutinho
- Department of Medicine, Hospital S. Sebastião, Santa Maria de Feira, Portugal
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26
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Poza JJ, Sáenz A, Martínez-Gil A, Cheron N, Cobo AM, Urtasun M, Martí-Massó JF, Grid D, Beckmann JS, Prud'homme JF, López de Munain A. Autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy: clinical and genetic study of a large Basque pedigree linked to chromosome 10q. Ann Neurol 1999; 45:182-8. [PMID: 9989620 DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(199902)45:2<182::aid-ana8>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a large family with a temporal partial epilepsy syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant mode, with a penetrance of about 80%. This epilepsy syndrome is benign, with age of onset in the second or third decade of life. It is characterized by rare partial seizures, usually secondarily generalized, arising mostly during sleep, without postictal confusion. There is a good response to the antiepileptic therapy but often a recurrence of seizures after drug withdrawal. The partial component, visual (lights, colors, and simple figures) or auditory (buzzing or "humming like a machine"), the existence of temporo-occipital interictal electroencephalographic epileptiform abnormalities, and the hypoperfusion in the temporal lobe detected by interictal hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime-technetium 99m (HMPAO-Tc99m) single-photon emission computed tomography, strongly suggest a lateral temporal lobe origin. The genetic analysis found linkage to chromosome 10q, and localized a gene in a 15-cM interval that overlaps a previously found localization for partial epilepsy in a large three-generation family. This syndrome could be called autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Poza
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Ntra Sra de Aránzazu, San Sebastián, Spain
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27
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Serratosa JM, Gómez-Garre P, Gallardo ME, Anta B, de Bernabé DB, Lindhout D, Augustijn PB, Tassinari CA, Malafosse RM, Topcu M, Grid D, Dravet C, Berkovic SF, de Córdoba SR. A novel protein tyrosine phosphatase gene is mutated in progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Lafora type (EPM2). Hum Mol Genet 1999; 8:345-52. [PMID: 9931343 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/8.2.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Lafora type or Lafora disease (EPM2; McKusick no. 254780) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by epilepsy, myoclonus, progressive neurological deterioration and glycogen-like intracellular inclusion bodies (Lafora bodies). A gene for EPM2 previously has been mapped to chromosome 6q23-q25 using linkage analysis and homozygosity mapping. Here we report the positional cloning of the 6q EPM2 gene. A microdeletion within the EPM2 critical region, present inhomozygosis in an affected individual, was found to disrupt a novel gene encoding a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase). The gene, denoted EPM2, presents alternative splicing in the 5' and 3' end regions. Mutational analysis revealed that EPM2 patients are homozygous for loss-of-function mutations in EPM2. These findings suggest that Lafora disease results from the mutational inactivation of a PTPase activity that may be important in the control of glycogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Serratosa
- Laboratorio y Servicio de Neurología and Unidad de Patología Molecular, Fundación Jiménez Díaz,Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Gouider R, Ibrahim S, Fredj M, Gargouri A, Saïdi H, Ouezzani R, Malafosse A, Yahiaoui M, Grid D, Mrabet A. [Unverricht-Lündborg disease: clinical and electrophysiologic study of 19 Maghreb families]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1998; 154:503-7. [PMID: 9773083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe clinical, electrophysiological and genetic features in 44 patients with Unverricht-Lündborg disease from 19 families living in North African countries (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco). The mean age of patients was 25.3 years; mean age was at onset 11.3 years. The disease began more frequently with seizures (91 per cent) or myoclonus (80 p. 100) than ataxia (16 p. 100). Subsequently myoclonus and generalized seizures were present in all patients, cerebellar signs were absent in four cases. EEG findings included normal background activity (90 p. 100), spontaneous fast generalized spikes (93 p. 100) and photosensitivity (70 p. 100). Antiepileptic polytherapy (clonazepam and/or phenobarbital and/or valporic acid) was used in 84 per cent of cases. Antiepileptic drugs were more effective in controlling epileptic seizures (less than one seizure/month in 60 p. 100) than myocloni which persisted daily in 64 p. 100 of cases. Mean duration of the disease was 13.5 years. One patient died of status epilepticus. Consanguinity was noted in 17 families (first degree in 15 families). Linkage to chromosome 21q 22.3 was confirmed in 11 families. We noted an inter and intrafamilial variability of clinical signs and disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gouider
- Service de Neurologie, EPS Charles Nicolle, Tunisie
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29
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Lalioti MD, Scott HS, Genton P, Grid D, Ouazzani R, M'Rabet A, Ibrahim S, Gouider R, Dravet C, Chkili T, Bottani A, Buresi C, Malafosse A, Antonarakis SE. A PCR amplification method reveals instability of the dodecamer repeat in progressive myoclonus epilepsy (EPM1) and no correlation between the size of the repeat and age at onset. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 62:842-7. [PMID: 9529356 PMCID: PMC1377038 DOI: 10.1086/301798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Unverricht-Lundborg type (EPM1) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by onset at age 6-16 years, generalized seizures, incapacitating myoclonus, and variable progression to cerebellar ataxia. The gene that causes EPM1, cystatin B, encodes a cysteine proteinase inhibitor. Only a minority of EPM1 patients carry a point mutation within the transcription unit. The majority of EPM1 alleles contain large expansions of a dodecamer repeat, CCC CGC CCC GCG, located upstream of the 5' transcription start site of the cystatin B gene; normal alleles contain two or three copies of this repeat. All EPM1 alleles with an expansion were resistant to standard PCR amplification. To precisely determine the size of the repeat in affected individuals, we developed a detection protocol involving PCR amplification and subsequent hybridization with an oligonucleotide containing the repeat. The largest detected expansion was approximately 75 copies; the smallest was approximately 30 copies. We identified affected siblings with repeat expansions, of different sizes, on the same haplotype, which confirms the repeat's instability during transmissions. Expansions were observed directly; contractions were deduced by comparison of allele sizes within a family. In a sample of 28 patients, we found no correlation between age at onset of EPM1 and the size of the expanded dodecamer. This suggests that once the dodecamer repeat expands beyond a critical threshold, cystatin B expression is reduced in certain cells, with pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Lalioti
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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30
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David G, Dürr A, Stevanin G, Cancel G, Abbas N, Benomar A, Belal S, Lebre AS, Abada-Bendib M, Grid D, Holmberg M, Yahyaoui M, Hentati F, Chkili T, Agid Y, Brice A. Molecular and clinical correlations in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with progressive macular dystrophy (SCA7). Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7:165-70. [PMID: 9425222 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia 7 (SCA7) is caused by the expansion of an unstable CAG repeat in the first exon of the SCA7 gene. We have analyzed the SCA7 mutation in 19 families and one isolated case of various geographical origins, presenting with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with progressive macular dystrophy. The SCA7 CAG repeat was expanded in 77 patients and in 11 at-risk individuals, with alleles containing from 37 to 130 repeats, demonstrating that SCA7 is genetically homogeneous. Repeats on normal alleles contained from 7 to 35 CAGs. There was a strong negative correlation (r = -0.84) between the age at onset and the size of the CAG repeat expansion in SCA7 patients. Larger expansions were associated with earlier onset, a more severe and rapid clinical course, and a higher frequency of decreased vision, ophthalmoplegia, extensor plantar response and scoliosis. The frequency of other clinical signs such as dysphagia and sphincter disturbances increased with disease duration. The mutation was highly unstable during transmission, with a mean increase of 10 +/- 16 CAG repeats, which was significantly greater in paternal (15 +/- 20) than in maternal (5 +/- 5) transmissions. This correlated well with the marked anticipation (19 +/- 13 years) observed in the families. Gonadal mosaicism, observed in the sperm of a patient, was particularly important, with expanded alleles ranging from 42 to >155 CAG repeats. The degree of instability during transmission, resulting mostly in expansions, is greater than in the seven other neurodegenerative disorders caused by polyglutamine expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G David
- INSERM U289 and Fédération de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 bd. de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
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31
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Terki N, Masmoudi A, Chaouch M, Tazir M, Ait-Kaci M, Grid D. Clinical and pathological study of 80 patients with muscular dystrophy in Algeria. Neuromuscul Disord 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(97)87223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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LeGuern E, Guilbot A, Kessali M, Ravise N, Tassin J, Maisonobe T, Grid D, Brice A. Homozygosity mapping of an autosomal recessive form of demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease to chromosome 5q23-q33. Neuromuscul Disord 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(97)87322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Labauge P, Ouazzani R, M'Rabet A, Grid D, Genton P, Dravet C, Chkili T, Beck C, Buresi C, Baldy-Moulinier M, Malafosse A. Allelic heterogeneity of Mediterranean myoclonus and the cystatin B gene. Ann Neurol 1997; 41:686-9. [PMID: 9153533 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410410520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean myoclonus is a progressive myoclonus epilepsy with autosomal recessive inheritance. Another form has been described in Finland, the so-called Baltic myoclonus. Mediterranean myoclonus and Baltic myoclonus are also known as Unverricht-Lundborg disease. Linkage analyses have shown that the genes for both these forms of myoclonus are closely linked to 21q22.3 DNA markers, suggesting that they are caused by mutations at the same locus (EPM1). Recently, two heterozygous mutations were found in the cystatin B gene in patients with Unverricht-Lundborg disease. We report recombinational and linkage disequilibrium mapping of EPM1, and cystatin B gene sequencing, in 14 consanguineous pedigrees with Mediterranean myoclonus. Linkage to 21q22.3 DNA markers was observed in all these families. Haplotype analysis suggests that a common mutation segregates within these pedigrees, and that this mutation is different from the common one responsible for the Finnish form of Unverricht-Lundborg disease. No mutation was found in the exons or splice junctions of the cystatin B gene in the 14 pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Labauge
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Caremeau, Nîmes, France
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34
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Kessali M, Zemmouri R, Guilbot A, Maisonobe T, Brice A, LeGuern E, Grid D. A clinical, electrophysiologic, neuropathologic, and genetic study of two large Algerian families with an autosomal recessive demyelinating form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Neurology 1997; 48:867-73. [PMID: 9109869 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.48.4.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The hereditary sensory and motor neuropathies form a clinically heterogenous group of disorders, the most frequent of which is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). The autosomal dominant forms of CMT are well characterized, but the nosology of autosomal recessive CMT is still controversial. We report two large consanguineous Algerian families with an autosomal recessive demyelinating CMT and similar clinical manifestations. The clinical, electrophysiologic, and neuropathologic features resemble those of autosomal dominant CMT1, but the early onset and rapid progression of deformities are specific. We excluded by linkage analysis the three loci CMT1A (17p11.2), CMT1B (1q22-23), and CMT4A (8q11-21.1) responsible for demyelinating forms of CMT. These findings suggest a subtype of autosomal recessive neuropathy, the locus of which is undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kessali
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Mustapha, Algiers, Algeria
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35
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Stevanin G, Trottier Y, Cancel G, Dürr A, David G, Didierjean O, Bürk K, Imbert G, Saudou F, Abada-Bendib M, Gourfinkel-An I, Benomar A, Abbas N, Klockgether T, Grid D, Agid Y, Mandel JL, Brice A. Screening for proteins with polyglutamine expansions in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5:1887-92. [PMID: 8968739 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.12.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of trinucleotide CAG repeats coding for polyglutamine has been implicated in five neurodegenerative disorders, including spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 1 and SCA3 or Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), two forms of type I autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA). Using the 1C2 antibody which specifically recognizes large polyglutamine tracts, particularly those that are expanded, we recently reported the detection of proteins with pathological glutamine expansions in lymphoblasts from another form of ADCA type I, SCA2, as well as from patients presenting with the distinct phenotype of ADCA type II. We now have screened a large series of patients with ADCA or isolated cases with cerebellar ataxia, for the presence of proteins with polyglutamine expansions. A 150 kDa SCA2 protein was detected in 16 out of 40 families with ADCA type I. This corresponds to 24% of all ADCA type I families, which is much more frequent than SCA1 in this series of patients (13%). The signal intensity of the SCA2 protein was negatively correlated to age at onset, as expected for an expanded and unstable trinucleotide repeat mutation. The disease segregated with markers closely linked to the SCA2 locus in all identified SCA2 families. In addition, a specific 130 kDa protein, which segregated with the disease, was detected in lymphoblasts of patients from nine families with ADCA type II. It was also visualized in the cerebral cortex of one of the patients, demonstrating its translation in the nervous system. Finally, no new disease-related proteins containing expanded polyglutamine tracts could be detected in lymphoblasts from the remaining patients with ADCA or isolated cases with cerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Stevanin
- INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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36
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LeGuern E, Guilbot A, Kessali M, Ravisé N, Tassin J, Maisonobe T, Grid D, Brice A. Homozygosity mapping of an autosomal recessive form of demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease to chromosome 5q23-q33. Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5:1685-8. [PMID: 8894708 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.10.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most frequent inherited peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy characterised by chronic distal weakness with progressive muscular atrophy and sensory loss of the distal extremities. The dominant form of the disease is genetically heterogeneous but only one locus has been identified on chromosome 8q13-q21.1 for autosomal recessive CMT. By homozygosity mapping in a large Algerian kindred, we have assigned a second locus for autosomal recessive CMT to chromosome 5q23-33. Linkage analysis demonstrated that the same locus is involved in a second Algerian family with a demyelinating CMT. Haplotype reconstruction and determination of the minimal region of homozygosity restricts the candidate region to a 4 cM interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- E LeGuern
- INSERM U289, Hôpital de la Salpĕtrière, Paris, France
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37
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Slimani S, Ibrahim S, Zemmouri R, Grid D. [Partial epilepsy in children in Algeria. Electroclinical and tomodensitometric study]. Acta Neurol Belg 1989; 89:81-6. [PMID: 2510453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The authors report the results of an electroclinical and tomographic study of 145 cases of partial epilepsy in children. Without advancing any views on etiology or symptomatologic classification, they analyse the various prognoses on the basis of case history, clinical aspects, symptomatology of seizures, EEG and tomographic signs. None of these factors in isolation appears to determine the prognosis of epilepsy. A significant percentage of apparently idiopathic epilepsies may develop adversely whereas half of the cases show a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Slimani
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Mustapha, Alger, Algérie
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