1
|
Abstract
9-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]purines have been prepared and evaluated as antiviral agents. These compounds are the first reported acyclonucleotides in which an acyclic phosphonic acid-bearing substituent is attached to N-9 of a purine via a nitrogen-oxygen bond. Some 2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy derivatives, e.g. (24), (25) and (27), have potent activity against herpesviruses. Some 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propoxy derivatives, e.g. (23) and (34), and a cyclic phosphonate (35), are potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of visna virus, a retrovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Duckworth
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Biosciences Research Centre, Great Burgh, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ, UK
| | - M. R. Harnden
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Biosciences Research Centre, Great Burgh, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ, UK
| | - R. M. Perkins
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Biosciences Research Centre, Great Burgh, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ, UK
| | - D. N. Planterose
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Biosciences Research Centre, Great Burgh, Epsom, Surrey KT18 5XQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duckworth DM, Harnden MR, Perkins RM, Planterose DN. 9-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]purines, A New Series of Antiviral Acyclonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319108046495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Duckworth
- a SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Biosciences Research Centre , Great Burgh, Epsom, Surrey , KT18 SXQ , U.K
| | - M. R. Harnden
- a SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Biosciences Research Centre , Great Burgh, Epsom, Surrey , KT18 SXQ , U.K
| | - R. M. Perkins
- a SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Biosciences Research Centre , Great Burgh, Epsom, Surrey , KT18 SXQ , U.K
| | - D. N. Planterose
- a SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Biosciences Research Centre , Great Burgh, Epsom, Surrey , KT18 SXQ , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Green PJ, Warre R, Hayes PD, McNaughton NC, Medhurst AD, Pangalos M, Duckworth DM, Randall AD. Kinetic modification of the alpha(1I) subunit-mediated T-type Ca(2+) channel by a human neuronal Ca(2+) channel gamma subunit. J Physiol 2001; 533:467-78. [PMID: 11389205 PMCID: PMC2278624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0467a.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels (VSCCs) are often heteromultimeric complexes. The VSCC subtype specifically expressed by skeletal muscle has long been known to contain a gamma subunit, gamma(1), that is only expressed in this tissue. Recent work, initiated by the identification of the mutation present in the stargazer mouse, has led to the identification of a series of novel potential Ca(2+) channel gamma subunits expressed in the CNS. 2. Based on bioinformatic techniques we identified and cloned the human gamma(2), gamma(3) and gamma(4) subunits. 3. TaqMan analysis was used to quantitatively characterise the mRNA expression patterns of all the gamma subunits. All three subunits were extensively expressed in adult brain with overlapping but subunit-specific distributions. gamma(2) and gamma(3) were almost entirely restricted to the brain, but gamma(4) expression was seen in a broad range of peripheral tissues. 4. Using a myc epitope the gamma(2) subunit was tagged both intracellularly at the C-terminus and on a predicted extracellular site between the first and second transmembrane domains. The cellular distribution was then examined immunocytochemically, which indicated that a substantial proportion of the cellular pool of the gamma(2) subunit was present on the plasma membrane and provided initial evidence for the predicted transmembrane topology of the gamma subunits. 5. Using co-transfection techniques we investigated the functional effects of each of the gamma subunits on the biophysics of the T-type VSCC encoded by the alpha(1I) subunit. This revealed a substantially slowed rate of deactivation in the presence of gamma(2). In contrast, there was no significant corresponding effect of either gamma(3) or gamma(4) on alpha(1I) subunit-mediated currents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Green
- Department of Neuroscience, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meadows HJ, Chapman CG, Duckworth DM, Kelsell RE, Murdock PR, Nasir S, Rennie G, Randall AD. The neuroprotective agent sipatrigine (BW619C89) potently inhibits the human tandem pore-domain K(+) channels TREK-1 and TRAAK. Brain Res 2001; 892:94-101. [PMID: 11172753 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned and functionally expressed the human orthologue of the mouse TRAAK gene. When cDNA for hTRAAK is expressed in either Xenopus oocytes or HEK293 cells it forms a K(+)-selective conductance and hyperpolarises the resting membrane potential. Quantitative mRNA expression analysis using Taqman revealed that hTRAAK mRNA is predominantly present in the central nervous system where it exhibits a regionally diverse pattern of expression. Like the related channel TREK-1, the activity of TRAAK was potentiated by arachidonic acid. The neuroprotective agent sipatrigine (10 microM) inhibited both hTREK-1 (73.3+/-4.4%) and hTRAAK (45.1+/-11.2%) in a reversible, voltage-independent manner. Inhibition of both channels was dose-dependent and for TREK-1 occurred with an IC(50) of 4 microM. The related compound lamotrigine, which is a better anticonvulsant but weaker neuroprotective agent than sipatrigine, was a far less effective antagonist of both channels, producing <10% inhibition at a concentration of 10 microM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Meadows
- Neuroscience Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bromidge SM, Dabbs S, Davies S, Duckworth DM, Forbes IT, Jones GE, Jones J, King FD, Saunders DV, Blackburn TP, Holland V, Kennett GA, Lightowler S, Middlemiss DN, Riley GJ, Trail B, Wood MD. 1-[2-[(Heteroaryloxy)heteroaryl]carbamoyl]indolines: novel and selective 5-HT2C receptor inverse agonists with potential as antidepressant/anxiolytic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1863-6. [PMID: 10969986 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bisaryl ethers have been identified with excellent 5-HT2C affinity and selectivity over both 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. Compounds such as 11, 27 and 38 have potent oral activity in a centrally mediated pharmacodynamic model of 5-HT2C function and their potential as novel non-sedating anxiolytic and antidepressants is under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Bromidge
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Discovery Research, Harlow, Essex, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bromidge SM, Davies S, Duckworth DM, Forbes IT, Jones GE, Jones J, King FD, Blackburn TP, Holland V, Kennett GA, Lightowler S, Middlemiss DN, Riley GJ, Trail B, Wood MD. 1-[2-[(Heteroarylmethoxy)aryl]carbamoyl]indolines are selective and orally active 5-HT2C receptor inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1867-70. [PMID: 10969987 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bisarylmethoxyethers have been identified with nanomolar 5-HT2C affinity and selectivity over both 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. Compounds such as 1, 2, 8, 12, 14 and 18 have potent oral activity in a centrally mediated pharmacodynamic model of 5-HT2C function and their therapeutic potential is currently under further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Bromidge
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Discovery Research, Harlow, Essex, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- L J Beeley
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, U.K
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bromidge SM, Dabbs S, Davies DT, Davies S, Duckworth DM, Forbes IT, Gaster LM, Ham P, Jones GE, King FD, Mulholland KR, Saunders DV, Wyman PA, Blaney FE, Clarke SE, Blackburn TP, Holland V, Kennett GA, Lightowler S, Middlemiss DN, Trail B, Riley GJ, Wood MD. Biarylcarbamoylindolines are novel and selective 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonists: identification of 5-methyl-1-[[2-[(2-methyl-3-pyridyl)oxy]- 5-pyridyl]carbamoyl]-6-trifluoromethylindoline (SB-243213) as a potential antidepressant/anxiolytic agent. J Med Chem 2000; 43:1123-34. [PMID: 10737744 DOI: 10.1021/jm990388c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The evolution, synthesis, and biological activity of a novel series of 5-HT(2C) receptor inverse agonists are reported. Biarylcarbamoylindolines have been identified with excellent 5-HT(2C) affinity and selectivity over 5-HT(2A) receptors. In addition, (pyridyloxypyridyl)carbamoylindolines have been discovered with additional selectivity over the closely related 5-HT(2B) receptor. Compounds from this series are inverse agonists at the human cloned 5-HT(2C) receptor, completely abolishing basal activity in a functional assay. The new series have reduced P450 inhibitory liability compared to a previously described series of 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl)indolines (Bromidge et al. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 1598) from which they evolved. Compounds from this series showed excellent oral activity in a rat mCPP hypolocomotion model and in animal models of anxiety. On the basis of their favorable biological profile, 32 (SB-228357) and 40 (SB-243213) have been selected for further evaluation to determine their therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNS disorders such as depression and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Bromidge
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Discovery Research, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lovell PJ, Bromidge SM, Dabbs S, Duckworth DM, Forbes IT, Jennings AJ, King FD, Middlemiss DN, Rahman SK, Saunders DV, Collin LL, Hagan JJ, Riley GJ, Thomas DR. A novel, potent, and selective 5-HT(7) antagonist: (R)-3-(2-(2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl)pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl) phen ol (SB-269970). J Med Chem 2000; 43:342-5. [PMID: 10669560 DOI: 10.1021/jm991151j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Lovell
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, U.K.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bromidge SM, Dabbs S, Davies DT, Davies S, Duckworth DM, Forbes IT, Gadre A, Ham P, Jones GE, King FD, Saunders DV, Thewlis KM, Vyas D, Blackburn TP, Holland V, Kennett GA, Riley GJ, Wood MD. Model studies on a synthetically facile series of N-substituted phenyl-N'-pyridin-3-yl ureas leading to 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl) indolines that are potent and selective 5-HT(2C/2B) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2767-73. [PMID: 10658582 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A model series of 5-HT2C antagonists have been prepared by rapid parallel synthesis. These N-substituted phenyl-N'-pyridin-3-yl ureas were found to have a range of 5-HT2C receptor affinities and selectivities over the closely related 5-HT2A receptor. Extrapolation of simple SAR, derived from this set of compounds, to the more active but synthetically more complex 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl)indoline series allowed us to target optimal substitution patterns and identify potent and selective 5-HT(2C/2B) antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Bromidge
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals Discovery Research, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barnes MR, Duckworth DM, Beeley LJ. Frizzled proteins constitute a novel family of G protein-coupled receptors, most closely related to the secretin family. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1998; 19:399-400. [PMID: 9803828 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-6147(98)01246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M R Barnes
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Gene Informatics, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Harlow, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bromidge SM, Dabbs S, Davies DT, Duckworth DM, Forbes IT, Ham P, Jones GE, King FD, Saunders DV, Starr S, Thewlis KM, Wyman PA, Blaney FE, Naylor CB, Bailey F, Blackburn TP, Holland V, Kennett GA, Riley GJ, Wood MD. Novel and selective 5-HT2C/2B receptor antagonists as potential anxiolytic agents: synthesis, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and molecular modeling of substituted 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl)indolines. J Med Chem 1998; 41:1598-612. [PMID: 9572885 DOI: 10.1021/jm970741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, biological activity, and molecular modeling of a novel series of substituted 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl)indolines are reported. These compounds are isosteres of the previously published indole urea 1 (SB-206553) and illustrate the use of aromatic disubstitution as a replacement for fused five-membered rings in the context of 5-HT2C/2B receptor antagonists. By targeting a region of space previously identified as sterically allowed at the 5-HT2C receptor but disallowed at the 5-HT2A receptor, we have identified a number of compounds which are the most potent and selective 5-HT2C/2B receptor antagonists yet reported. 46 (SB-221284) was selected on the basis of its overall biological profile for further evaluation as a novel, potential nonsedating anxiolytic agent. A CoMFA analysis of these compounds produced a model with good predictive value and in addition good qualitative agreement with both our 5-HT2C receptor model and our proposed binding mode for this class of ligands within that model.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Anxiety Agents/chemical synthesis
- Anti-Anxiety Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Anxiety Agents/metabolism
- Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology
- Conditioning, Operant/drug effects
- Conflict, Psychological
- Indoles/chemical synthesis
- Indoles/chemistry
- Indoles/metabolism
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Models, Molecular
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Pyridines/chemical synthesis
- Pyridines/chemistry
- Pyridines/metabolism
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Antagonists/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Social Behavior
- Structure-Activity Relationship
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Bromidge
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Discovery Research, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, England
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gaster LM, Blaney FE, Davies S, Duckworth DM, Ham P, Jenkins S, Jennings AJ, Joiner GF, King FD, Mulholland KR, Wyman PA, Hagan JJ, Hatcher J, Jones BJ, Middlemiss DN, Price GW, Riley G, Roberts C, Routledge C, Selkirk J, Slade PD. The selective 5-HT1B receptor inverse agonist 1'-methyl-5-[[2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]carbonyl]-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro- spiro[furo[2,3-f]indole-3,4'-piperidine] (SB-224289) potently blocks terminal 5-HT autoreceptor function both in vitro and in vivo. J Med Chem 1998; 41:1218-35. [PMID: 9548813 DOI: 10.1021/jm970457s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
5-HT1 receptors are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily and are negatively linked to adenylyl cyclase activity. The human 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors (previously known as 5-HT1Dbeta and 5-HT1Dalpha, respectively), although encoded by two distinct genes, are structurally very similar. Pharmacologically, these two receptors have been differentiated using nonselective chemical tools such as ketanserin and ritanserin, but the absence of truly selective agents has meant that the precise function of the 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors has not been defined. In this paper we describe how, using computational chemistry models as a guide, the nonselective 5-HT1B/5-HT1D receptor antagonist 4 was structurally modified to produce the selective 5-HT1B receptor inverse agonist 5, 1'-methyl-5-[[2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]carbonyl]-2,3,6, 7-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-f]indole-3,4'-piperidine] (SB-224289). This compound is a potent antagonist of terminal 5-HT autoreceptor function both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Gaster
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Discovery Research, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, England
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Forbes IT, Dabbs S, Duckworth DM, Jennings AJ, King FD, Lovell PJ, Brown AM, Collin L, Hagan JJ, Middlemiss DN, Riley GJ, Thomas DR, Upton N. (R)-3,N-dimethyl-N-[1-methyl-3-(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl) propyl]benzenesulfonamide: the first selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist. J Med Chem 1998; 41:655-7. [PMID: 9513592 DOI: 10.1021/jm970519e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I T Forbes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Harlow, Essex, England
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Forbes IT, Dabbs S, Duckworth DM, Ham P, Jones GE, King FD, Saunders DV, Blaney FE, Naylor CB, Baxter GS, Blackburn TP, Kennett GA, Wood MD. Synthesis, biological activity, and molecular modeling of selective 5-HT(2C/2B) receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 1996; 39:4966-77. [PMID: 8960557 DOI: 10.1021/jm960571v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity are reported for a series of analogues of the previously published indole urea 2 (SB-206553), designed to probe the 5-HT(2C) receptor binding site. Small molecule modeling studies have been used to define a region in space which is allowed at the 5-HT(2C) receptor but disallowed at the 5-HT(2A) receptor. In a complementary approach, docking of 2 into our model of the 5-HT(2C) receptor has allowed us to propose a novel primary binding interaction for this series of diaryl ureas, involving a potential double hydrogen-bonding interaction between the urea carbonyl oxygen of the ligand and two serine residues in the receptor. The difference of two valine residues in the 5-HT(2C) receptor for leucine residues in the 5-HT(2A) receptor is believed to account for the observed 5-HT(2C)/5-HT(2A) selectivity with 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I T Forbes
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Discovery Research, Harlow, Essex, England
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|