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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise A, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons E, Flatscher R, Freschi M, García A, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Giardini D, Gibert F, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Guzman F, Harrison I, Hartig MS, Hechenblaikner G, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johann U, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Killow C, Korsakova N, Lobo J, López-Zaragoza J, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martin-Porqueras F, Martino J, McNamara P, Mendes J, Mendes L, Meshksar N, Monsky A, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Rivas F, Robertson D, Russano G, Sanjuan J, Slutsky J, Sopuerta C, Steier F, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe J, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wand V, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass P, Weber W, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. Sensor noise in
LISA Pathfinder
: An extensive in-flight review of the angular and longitudinal interferometric measurement system. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.082001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Flatscher R, Freschi M, García A, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Giardini D, Gibert F, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Guzman F, Harrison I, Hartig MS, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johann U, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Killow CJ, Korsakova N, Lobo JA, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martin-Porqueras F, Martino J, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Meshksar N, Monsky A, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Rivas F, Robertson DI, Russano G, Sanjuan J, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Steier F, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wand V, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. Sensor Noise in LISA Pathfinder: In-Flight Performance of the Optical Test Mass Readout. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:131103. [PMID: 33861094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.131103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first subpicometer interferometer flown in space. It was part of ESA's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder mission and performed the fundamental measurement of the positional and angular motion of two free-falling test masses. The interferometer worked immediately, stably, and reliably from switch on until the end of the mission with exceptionally low residual noise of 32.0_{-1.7}^{+2.4} fm/sqrt[Hz], significantly better than required. We present an upper limit for the sensor performance at millihertz frequencies and a model for the measured sensitivity above 200 mHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Baird
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Binetruy
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - N Brandt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - E Castelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo," Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A M Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- The UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Flatscher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - A García
- City University of Applied Sciences, Flughafenallee 10, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - R Gerndt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- isardSAT SL, Marie Curie 8-14, 08042 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Giusteri
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo," Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - F Guzman
- Texas A&M University, 701 H.R. Bright Building, College Station, Texas 77843-3141, USA
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M-S Hartig
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, High Energy Physics Group, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - U Johann
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - B Johlander
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - N Karnesis
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Korsakova
- Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Boulevard de l'Observatoire CS 34229-F 06304 Nice, France
| | - J A Lobo
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Meshksar
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Monsky
- OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Rivas
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Sanjuan
- Department of Physics, 2001 Museum Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C F Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Steier
- OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - T Sumner
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, High Energy Physics Group, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - V Wand
- OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, High Energy Physics Group, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - W J Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Cardines N, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Freschi M, Gesa L, Giardini D, Gibert F, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Hartig MS, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Killow CJ, Korsakova N, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Meshksar N, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Rivas F, Robertson DI, Russano G, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Sumner T, Texier D, Ten Pierick J, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. Analysis of the accuracy of actuation electronics in the laser interferometer space antenna pathfinder. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:045003. [PMID: 32357757 DOI: 10.1063/1.5140406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Pathfinder (LPF) main observable, labeled Δg, is the differential force per unit mass acting on the two test masses under free fall conditions after the contribution of all non-gravitational forces has been compensated. At low frequencies, the differential force is compensated by an applied electrostatic actuation force, which then must be subtracted from the measured acceleration to obtain Δg. Any inaccuracy in the actuation force contaminates the residual acceleration. This study investigates the accuracy of the electrostatic actuation system and its impact on the LPF main observable. It is shown that the inaccuracy is mainly caused by the rounding errors in the waveform processing and also by the random error caused by the analog to digital converter random noise in the control loop. Both errors are one order of magnitude smaller than the resolution of the commanded voltages. We developed a simulator based on the LPF design to compute the close-to-reality actuation voltages and, consequently, the resulting actuation forces. The simulator is applied during post-processing the LPF data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Baird
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - N Cardines
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Castelli
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A M Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dolesi
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The NetherlandsAlbert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, GermanyAPC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, FranceDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, ItalyTrento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, ItalyInstitut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, SwitzerlandDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, ItalyIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, ItalyDISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino/INFN, ItalyThe School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United KingdomEuropean Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainThe UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United KingdomInstitut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, SpainInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, SpainisardSAT SL, Marie Curie 8-14, 08042 Barcelona, Catalonia, SpainEuropean Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, GermanyHigh Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United KingdomDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USAPhysik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, SwitzerlandSUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United KingdomObservatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Boulevard de l'Observatoire CS 34229, F 06304 Nice, FranceEscuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, SpainDepartment d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, SpainGravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Gibert
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - R Giusteri
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M-S Hartig
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Karnesis
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Korsakova
- Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Boulevard de l'Observatoire CS 34229, F 06304 Nice, France
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Mateos
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Meshksar
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - P Pivato
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Rivas
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Russano
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C F Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - T Sumner
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ten Pierick
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J I Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Vetrugno
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - W J Weber
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Freschi M, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Hartig MS, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow CJ, Lobo JA, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Meshksar N, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson DI, Rivas F, Russano G, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. LISA Pathfinder Performance Confirmed in an Open-Loop Configuration: Results from the Free-Fall Actuation Mode. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:111101. [PMID: 31573236 PMCID: PMC7810161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the results of the LISA Pathfinder (LPF) free-fall mode experiment, in which the control force needed to compensate the quasistatic differential force acting on two test masses is applied intermittently as a series of "impulse" forces lasting a few seconds and separated by roughly 350 s periods of true free fall. This represents an alternative to the normal LPF mode of operation in which this balancing force is applied continuously, with the advantage that the acceleration noise during free fall is measured in the absence of the actuation force, thus eliminating associated noise and force calibration errors. The differential acceleration noise measurement presented here with the free-fall mode agrees with noise measured with the continuous actuation scheme, representing an important and independent confirmation of the LPF result. An additional measurement with larger actuation forces also shows that the technique can be used to eliminate actuation noise when this is a dominant factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Armano
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - H. Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Baird
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P. Binetruy
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - M. Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. Bortoluzzi
- epartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN
| | - E. Castelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A. Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A. Cesarini
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A. M. Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K. Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G. Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R. Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L. Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V. Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E. D. Fitzsimons
- The UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - M. Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- isardSAT SL, Marie Curie 8-14, 08042 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D. Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R. Giusteri
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C. Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - J. Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - I. Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M-S. Hartig
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G. Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. Hollington
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D. Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M. Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H. Inchauspé
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - O. Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - P. Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N. Karnesis
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - B. Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N. Korsakova
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C. J. Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J. A. Lobo
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J. P. López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R. Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N. Meshksar
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V. Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Martino
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - F. Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Mateos
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. W. McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - J. Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L. Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A. Petiteau
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P. Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E. Plagnol
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - J. Ramos-Castro
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. I. Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F. Rivas
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J. Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C. F. Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - T. Sumner
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D. Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. I. Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D. Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S. Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G. Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H. Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P. J. Wass
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - W. J. Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L. Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P. Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise A, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons E, Freschi M, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow C, Lobo J, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza J, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Meshksar N, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara P, Mendes J, Mendes L, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson D, Rivas F, Russano G, Slutsky J, Sopuerta C, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe J, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass P, Weber W, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. Calibrating the system dynamics of LISA Pathfinder. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Freschi M, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow CJ, Lobo JA, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Meshksar N, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson DI, Rivas F, Russano G, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. Beyond the Required LISA Free-Fall Performance: New LISA Pathfinder Results down to 20 μHz. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:061101. [PMID: 29481269 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.061101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the months since the publication of the first results, the noise performance of LISA Pathfinder has improved because of reduced Brownian noise due to the continued decrease in pressure around the test masses, from a better correction of noninertial effects, and from a better calibration of the electrostatic force actuation. In addition, the availability of numerous long noise measurement runs, during which no perturbation is purposely applied to the test masses, has allowed the measurement of noise with good statistics down to 20 μHz. The Letter presents the measured differential acceleration noise figure, which is at (1.74±0.05) fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz] above 2 mHz and (6±1)×10 fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz] at 20 μHz, and discusses the physical sources for the measured noise. This performance provides an experimental benchmark demonstrating the ability to realize the low-frequency science potential of the LISA mission, recently selected by the European Space Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Baird
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - P Binetruy
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, Italy
| | - E Castelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo," Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A M Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- The UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Giusteri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo," Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Karnesis
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Korsakova
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J A Lobo
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Lloro
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Meshksar
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Mateos
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Department d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Rivas
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C F Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Sumner
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - W J Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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7
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Armano M, Audley H, Auger G, Baird JT, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Bursi A, Caleno M, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise M, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dolesi R, Dunbar N, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Flatscher R, Freschi M, Gallegos J, García Marirrodriga C, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hueller M, Huesler J, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Killow CJ, Korsakova N, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Madden S, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Moroni A, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Prat P, Ragnit U, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Romera Perez JA, Robertson DI, Rozemeijer H, Rivas F, Russano G, Sarra P, Schleicher A, Slutsky J, Sopuerta C, Sumner TJ, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Trenkel C, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Wealthy D, Weber WJ, Wittchen A, Zanoni C, Ziegler T, Zweifel P. Charge-Induced Force Noise on Free-Falling Test Masses: Results from LISA Pathfinder. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:171101. [PMID: 28498710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.171101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on electrostatic measurements made on board the European Space Agency mission LISA Pathfinder. Detailed measurements of the charge-induced electrostatic forces exerted on free-falling test masses (TMs) inside the capacitive gravitational reference sensor are the first made in a relevant environment for a space-based gravitational wave detector. Employing a combination of charge control and electric-field compensation, we show that the level of charge-induced acceleration noise on a single TM can be maintained at a level close to 1.0 fm s^{-2} Hz^{-1/2} across the 0.1-100 mHz frequency band that is crucial to an observatory such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Using dedicated measurements that detect these effects in the differential acceleration between the two test masses, we resolve the stochastic nature of the TM charge buildup due to interplanetary cosmic rays and the TM charge-to-force coupling through stray electric fields in the sensor. All our measurements are in good agreement with predictions based on a relatively simple electrostatic model of the LISA Pathfinder instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Auger
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - J T Baird
- High Energy Physics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - P Binetruy
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, Italy
| | - N Brandt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - A Bursi
- CGS S.p.A, Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio, Via Gallarate, 150-20151 Milano, Italy
| | - M Caleno
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - A Cavalleri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Cruise
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston Park Road, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - N Dunbar
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- United Kingdom Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Flatscher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Gallegos
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - C García Marirrodriga
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - R Gerndt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - F Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Giusteri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Grimani
- DiSPeA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- High Energy Physics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Huesler
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Johlander
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - N Karnesis
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Korsakova
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I Lloro
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Madden
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Mateos
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Moroni
- CGS S.p.A, Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio, Via Gallarate, 150-20151 Milano, Italy
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - P Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - P Prat
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - U Ragnit
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Department d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J A Romera Perez
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Rozemeijer
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - F Rivas
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - G Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - P Sarra
- CGS S.p.A, Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio, Via Gallarate, 150-20151 Milano, Italy
| | - A Schleicher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - J Slutsky
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - T J Sumner
- High Energy Physics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Thorpe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C Trenkel
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - D Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- High Energy Physics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Wealthy
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - W J Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Zanoni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, Italy
| | - T Ziegler
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Armano M, Audley H, Auger G, Baird JT, Bassan M, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Caleno M, Carbone L, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Ciani G, Congedo G, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, De Rosa R, Diaz-Aguiló M, Di Fiore L, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Dunbar N, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fichter W, Fitzsimons ED, Flatscher R, Freschi M, García Marín AF, García Marirrodriga C, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Guzmán F, Grado A, Grimani C, Grynagier A, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johann U, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow CJ, Lobo JA, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Madden S, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Monsky A, Nicolodi D, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Prat P, Ragnit U, Raïs B, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson DI, Rozemeijer H, Rivas F, Russano G, Sanjuán J, Sarra P, Schleicher A, Shaul D, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Stanga R, Steier F, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Trenkel C, Tröbs M, Tu HB, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wand V, Wanner G, Ward H, Warren C, Wass PJ, Wealthy D, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zambotti A, Zanoni C, Ziegler T, Zweifel P. Sub-Femto-g Free Fall for Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatories: LISA Pathfinder Results. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:231101. [PMID: 27341221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.231101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first results of the LISA Pathfinder in-flight experiment. The results demonstrate that two free-falling reference test masses, such as those needed for a space-based gravitational wave observatory like LISA, can be put in free fall with a relative acceleration noise with a square root of the power spectral density of 5.2±0.1 fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz], or (0.54±0.01)×10^{-15} g/sqrt[Hz], with g the standard gravity, for frequencies between 0.7 and 20 mHz. This value is lower than the LISA Pathfinder requirement by more than a factor 5 and within a factor 1.25 of the requirement for the LISA mission, and is compatible with Brownian noise from viscous damping due to the residual gas surrounding the test masses. Above 60 mHz the acceleration noise is dominated by interferometer displacement readout noise at a level of (34.8±0.3) fm/sqrt[Hz], about 2 orders of magnitude better than requirements. At f≤0.5 mHz we observe a low-frequency tail that stays below 12 fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz] down to 0.1 mHz. This performance would allow for a space-based gravitational wave observatory with a sensitivity close to what was originally foreseen for LISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Auger
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - J T Baird
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - M Bassan
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", and INFN, sezione Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P Binetruy
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, Italy
| | - N Brandt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - M Caleno
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - L Carbone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Ciani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Congedo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A M Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - R De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli "Federico II" and INFN-Sezione di Napoli, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - M Diaz-Aguiló
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Di Fiore
- INFN-Sezione di Napoli, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - I Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - N Dunbar
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - W Fichter
- Universitt Stuttgart, Institut fr Flugmechanik und Flugregelung, Pfaffenwaldring 27, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- The UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Flatscher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - A F García Marín
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C García Marirrodriga
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - R Gerndt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - F Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Giusteri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - F Guzmán
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Grado
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131 Napoli, Italy and INFN sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A Grynagier
- Universitt Stuttgart, Institut fr Flugmechanik und Flugregelung, Pfaffenwaldring 27, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - U Johann
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - B Johlander
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - N Karnesis
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Korsakova
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J A Lobo
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - I Lloro
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Madden
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - I Mateos
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Monsky
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Nicolodi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P Prat
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - U Ragnit
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - B Raïs
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Rozemeijer
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - F Rivas
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - G Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - P Sarra
- CGS S.p.A, Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio, Via Gallarate, 150-20151 Milano, Italy
| | - A Schleicher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - D Shaul
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C F Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Stanga
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze and INFN-Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - F Steier
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Sumner
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C Trenkel
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - M Tröbs
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H B Tu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - V Wand
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Warren
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Wealthy
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - W J Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Zambotti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, Italy
| | - C Zanoni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, Italy
| | - T Ziegler
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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Bortoluzzi D, Benedetti M, Baglivo L, De Cecco M, Vitale S. Measurement of momentum transfer due to adhesive forces: on-ground testing of in-space body injection into geodesic motion. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:125107. [PMID: 22225249 DOI: 10.1063/1.3658479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the frame of many scientific space missions, a massive free-falling object is required to mark a geodesic trajectory, i.e., to follow inside a spacecraft an orbit that is determined only by the planetary gravity field. The achievement of high-purity geodesic trajectories sets tight design constraints on the reference sensor that hosts and controls the reference body. Among these, a mechanism may be required to cage the reference body during the spacecraft launch and to inject it into the geodesic trajectory once on-orbit. The separation of the body from the injection mechanism must be realized against the action of adhesion forces, and in the worst case this is performed dynamically, relying on the body's inertia through a quick retraction of the holding finger(s). Unfortunately, this manoeuvre may not avoid transferring some momentum to the body, which may affect or even jeopardize the subsequent spacecraft control if the residual velocity is too large. The transferred momentum measurement facility (TMMF) was developed to reproduce representative conditions of the in-flight dynamic injection and to measure the transferred momentum to the released test mass. In this paper, we describe the design and development of the TMMF together with the achieved measurement performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering and INFN, University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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