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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise A, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons E, Flatscher R, Freschi M, García A, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Giardini D, Gibert F, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Guzman F, Harrison I, Hartig MS, Hechenblaikner G, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johann U, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Killow C, Korsakova N, Lobo J, López-Zaragoza J, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martin-Porqueras F, Martino J, McNamara P, Mendes J, Mendes L, Meshksar N, Monsky A, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Rivas F, Robertson D, Russano G, Sanjuan J, Slutsky J, Sopuerta C, Steier F, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe J, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wand V, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass P, Weber W, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. Sensor noise in
LISA Pathfinder
: An extensive in-flight review of the angular and longitudinal interferometric measurement system. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.082001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Flatscher R, Freschi M, García A, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Giardini D, Gibert F, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Guzman F, Harrison I, Hartig MS, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johann U, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Killow CJ, Korsakova N, Lobo JA, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martin-Porqueras F, Martino J, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Meshksar N, Monsky A, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Rivas F, Robertson DI, Russano G, Sanjuan J, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Steier F, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wand V, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. Sensor Noise in LISA Pathfinder: In-Flight Performance of the Optical Test Mass Readout. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:131103. [PMID: 33861094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.131103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first subpicometer interferometer flown in space. It was part of ESA's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder mission and performed the fundamental measurement of the positional and angular motion of two free-falling test masses. The interferometer worked immediately, stably, and reliably from switch on until the end of the mission with exceptionally low residual noise of 32.0_{-1.7}^{+2.4} fm/sqrt[Hz], significantly better than required. We present an upper limit for the sensor performance at millihertz frequencies and a model for the measured sensitivity above 200 mHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Baird
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Binetruy
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - N Brandt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - E Castelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo," Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A M Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- The UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Flatscher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - A García
- City University of Applied Sciences, Flughafenallee 10, 28199 Bremen, Germany
| | - R Gerndt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- isardSAT SL, Marie Curie 8-14, 08042 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Giusteri
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo," Via Santa Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - F Guzman
- Texas A&M University, 701 H.R. Bright Building, College Station, Texas 77843-3141, USA
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M-S Hartig
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, High Energy Physics Group, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - U Johann
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - B Johlander
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - N Karnesis
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Korsakova
- Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Boulevard de l'Observatoire CS 34229-F 06304 Nice, France
| | - J A Lobo
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Meshksar
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Monsky
- OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - P Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC, Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Rivas
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Sanjuan
- Department of Physics, 2001 Museum Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C F Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Steier
- OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - T Sumner
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, High Energy Physics Group, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - V Wand
- OHB System AG, Universitätsallee 27-29, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- Physics Department, Blackett Laboratory, High Energy Physics Group, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - W J Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Cardines N, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Freschi M, Gesa L, Giardini D, Gibert F, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Hartig MS, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Killow CJ, Korsakova N, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Meshksar N, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Rivas F, Robertson DI, Russano G, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Sumner T, Texier D, Ten Pierick J, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. Analysis of the accuracy of actuation electronics in the laser interferometer space antenna pathfinder. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:045003. [PMID: 32357757 DOI: 10.1063/1.5140406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Pathfinder (LPF) main observable, labeled Δg, is the differential force per unit mass acting on the two test masses under free fall conditions after the contribution of all non-gravitational forces has been compensated. At low frequencies, the differential force is compensated by an applied electrostatic actuation force, which then must be subtracted from the measured acceleration to obtain Δg. Any inaccuracy in the actuation force contaminates the residual acceleration. This study investigates the accuracy of the electrostatic actuation system and its impact on the LPF main observable. It is shown that the inaccuracy is mainly caused by the rounding errors in the waveform processing and also by the random error caused by the analog to digital converter random noise in the control loop. Both errors are one order of magnitude smaller than the resolution of the commanded voltages. We developed a simulator based on the LPF design to compute the close-to-reality actuation voltages and, consequently, the resulting actuation forces. The simulator is applied during post-processing the LPF data.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Baird
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - N Cardines
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Castelli
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A M Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dolesi
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The NetherlandsAlbert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, GermanyAPC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, FranceDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, ItalyTrento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, ItalyInstitut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, SwitzerlandDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, ItalyIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, ItalyDISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino/INFN, ItalyThe School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United KingdomEuropean Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, SpainThe UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United KingdomInstitut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, SpainInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, SpainisardSAT SL, Marie Curie 8-14, 08042 Barcelona, Catalonia, SpainEuropean Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, GermanyHigh Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United KingdomDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USAPhysik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, SwitzerlandSUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United KingdomObservatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Boulevard de l'Observatoire CS 34229, F 06304 Nice, FranceEscuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, SpainDepartment d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, SpainGravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Gibert
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - R Giusteri
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara, 27, 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M-S Hartig
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Karnesis
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Korsakova
- Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Boulevard de l'Observatoire CS 34229, F 06304 Nice, France
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Mateos
- Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Cádiz, Spain
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Meshksar
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - P Pivato
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Rivas
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - G Russano
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C F Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - T Sumner
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ten Pierick
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J I Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Vetrugno
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - W J Weber
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Freschi M, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Hartig MS, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow CJ, Lobo JA, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Meshksar N, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson DI, Rivas F, Russano G, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. LISA Pathfinder Performance Confirmed in an Open-Loop Configuration: Results from the Free-Fall Actuation Mode. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:111101. [PMID: 31573236 PMCID: PMC7810161 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the results of the LISA Pathfinder (LPF) free-fall mode experiment, in which the control force needed to compensate the quasistatic differential force acting on two test masses is applied intermittently as a series of "impulse" forces lasting a few seconds and separated by roughly 350 s periods of true free fall. This represents an alternative to the normal LPF mode of operation in which this balancing force is applied continuously, with the advantage that the acceleration noise during free fall is measured in the absence of the actuation force, thus eliminating associated noise and force calibration errors. The differential acceleration noise measurement presented here with the free-fall mode agrees with noise measured with the continuous actuation scheme, representing an important and independent confirmation of the LPF result. An additional measurement with larger actuation forces also shows that the technique can be used to eliminate actuation noise when this is a dominant factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Armano
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - H. Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Baird
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P. Binetruy
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - M. Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. Bortoluzzi
- epartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN
| | - E. Castelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A. Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A. Cesarini
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A. M. Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K. Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G. Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R. Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L. Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V. Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E. D. Fitzsimons
- The UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - M. Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- isardSAT SL, Marie Curie 8-14, 08042 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D. Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R. Giusteri
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C. Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - J. Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - I. Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M-S. Hartig
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G. Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. Hollington
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D. Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M. Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H. Inchauspé
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - O. Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - P. Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N. Karnesis
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - B. Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N. Korsakova
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C. J. Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J. A. Lobo
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J. P. López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R. Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N. Meshksar
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V. Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Martino
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - F. Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Mateos
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. W. McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - J. Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L. Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S. Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A. Petiteau
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P. Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E. Plagnol
- APC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - J. Ramos-Castro
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D. I. Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F. Rivas
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J. Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C. F. Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - T. Sumner
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D. Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. I. Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D. Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S. Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G. Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H. Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P. J. Wass
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - W. J. Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application / INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L. Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A. Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P. Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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5
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Lognonné P, Banerdt WB, Giardini D, Pike WT, Christensen U, Laudet P, de Raucourt S, Zweifel P, Calcutt S, Bierwirth M, Hurst KJ, Ijpelaan F, Umland JW, Llorca-Cejudo R, Larson SA, Garcia RF, Kedar S, Knapmeyer-Endrun B, Mimoun D, Mocquet A, Panning MP, Weber RC, Sylvestre-Baron A, Pont G, Verdier N, Kerjean L, Facto LJ, Gharakanian V, Feldman JE, Hoffman TL, Klein DB, Klein K, Onufer NP, Paredes-Garcia J, Petkov MP, Willis JR, Smrekar SE, Drilleau M, Gabsi T, Nebut T, Robert O, Tillier S, Moreau C, Parise M, Aveni G, Ben Charef S, Bennour Y, Camus T, Dandonneau PA, Desfoux C, Lecomte B, Pot O, Revuz P, Mance D, tenPierick J, Bowles NE, Charalambous C, Delahunty AK, Hurley J, Irshad R, Liu H, Mukherjee AG, Standley IM, Stott AE, Temple J, Warren T, Eberhardt M, Kramer A, Kühne W, Miettinen EP, Monecke M, Aicardi C, André M, Baroukh J, Borrien A, Bouisset A, Boutte P, Brethomé K, Brysbaert C, Carlier T, Deleuze M, Desmarres JM, Dilhan D, Doucet C, Faye D, Faye-Refalo N, Gonzalez R, Imbert C, Larigauderie C, Locatelli E, Luno L, Meyer JR, Mialhe F, Mouret JM, Nonon M, Pahn Y, Paillet A, Pasquier P, Perez G, Perez R, Perrin L, Pouilloux B, Rosak A, Savin de Larclause I, Sicre J, Sodki M, Toulemont N, Vella B, Yana C, Alibay F, Avalos OM, Balzer MA, Bhandari P, Blanco E, Bone BD, Bousman JC, Bruneau P, Calef FJ, Calvet RJ, D’Agostino SA, de los Santos G, Deen RG, Denise RW, Ervin J, Ferraro NW, Gengl HE, Grinblat F, Hernandez D, Hetzel M, Johnson ME, Khachikyan L, Lin JY, Madzunkov SM, Marshall SL, Mikellides IG, Miller EA, Raff W, Singer JE, Sunday CM, Villalvazo JF, Wallace MC, Banfield D, Rodriguez-Manfredi JA, Russell CT, Trebi-Ollennu A, Maki JN, Beucler E, Böse M, Bonjour C, Berenguer JL, Ceylan S, Clinton J, Conejero V, Daubar I, Dehant V, Delage P, Euchner F, Estève I, Fayon L, Ferraioli L, Johnson CL, Gagnepain-Beyneix J, Golombek M, Khan A, Kawamura T, Kenda B, Labrot P, Murdoch N, Pardo C, Perrin C, Pou L, Sauron A, Savoie D, Stähler S, Stutzmann E, Teanby NA, Tromp J, van Driel M, Wieczorek M, Widmer-Schnidrig R, Wookey J. SEIS: Insight's Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure of Mars. Space Sci Rev 2019; 215:12. [PMID: 30880848 PMCID: PMC6394762 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-018-0574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED By the end of 2018, 42 years after the landing of the two Viking seismometers on Mars, InSight will deploy onto Mars' surface the SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) instrument; a six-axes seismometer equipped with both a long-period three-axes Very Broad Band (VBB) instrument and a three-axes short-period (SP) instrument. These six sensors will cover a broad range of the seismic bandwidth, from 0.01 Hz to 50 Hz, with possible extension to longer periods. Data will be transmitted in the form of three continuous VBB components at 2 sample per second (sps), an estimation of the short period energy content from the SP at 1 sps and a continuous compound VBB/SP vertical axis at 10 sps. The continuous streams will be augmented by requested event data with sample rates from 20 to 100 sps. SEIS will improve upon the existing resolution of Viking's Mars seismic monitoring by a factor of ∼ 2500 at 1 Hz and ∼ 200 000 at 0.1 Hz. An additional major improvement is that, contrary to Viking, the seismometers will be deployed via a robotic arm directly onto Mars' surface and will be protected against temperature and wind by highly efficient thermal and wind shielding. Based on existing knowledge of Mars, it is reasonable to infer a moment magnitude detection threshold of M w ∼ 3 at 40 ∘ epicentral distance and a potential to detect several tens of quakes and about five impacts per year. In this paper, we first describe the science goals of the experiment and the rationale used to define its requirements. We then provide a detailed description of the hardware, from the sensors to the deployment system and associated performance, including transfer functions of the seismic sensors and temperature sensors. We conclude by describing the experiment ground segment, including data processing services, outreach and education networks and provide a description of the format to be used for future data distribution. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (10.1007/s11214-018-0574-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Lognonné
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - W. B. Banerdt
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - D. Giardini
- Institut of Geophysics, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W. T. Pike
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - U. Christensen
- Department of Planets and Comets, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - P. Laudet
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - S. de Raucourt
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - P. Zweifel
- Institut of Geophysics, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Calcutt
- Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - M. Bierwirth
- Department of Planets and Comets, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K. J. Hurst
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - F. Ijpelaan
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - J. W. Umland
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - R. Llorca-Cejudo
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - S. A. Larson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - R. F. Garcia
- ISAE-SUPAERO, Toulouse University, 10 Avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - S. Kedar
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - B. Knapmeyer-Endrun
- Department of Planets and Comets, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D. Mimoun
- ISAE-SUPAERO, Toulouse University, 10 Avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - A. Mocquet
- LPG Nantes, UMR6112, CNRS-Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - M. P. Panning
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - R. C. Weber
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA
| | - A. Sylvestre-Baron
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - G. Pont
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - N. Verdier
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - L. Kerjean
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - L. J. Facto
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - V. Gharakanian
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - J. E. Feldman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - T. L. Hoffman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - D. B. Klein
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - K. Klein
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - N. P. Onufer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - J. Paredes-Garcia
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - M. P. Petkov
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - J. R. Willis
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - S. E. Smrekar
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - M. Drilleau
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - T. Gabsi
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - T. Nebut
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - O. Robert
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - S. Tillier
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - C. Moreau
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - M. Parise
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - G. Aveni
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - S. Ben Charef
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - Y. Bennour
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - T. Camus
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, UMR5277 CNRS - Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 14, avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - P. A. Dandonneau
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - C. Desfoux
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - B. Lecomte
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
- Present Address: Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - O. Pot
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
- Present Address: Laboratoire de Mécanique et d’Acoustique, LMA - UMR 7031 AMU - CNRS - Centrale Marseille, 4 impasse Nikola Tesla, CS 40006, 13453 Marseille Cedex 13, France
| | - P. Revuz
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - D. Mance
- Institut of Geophysics, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. tenPierick
- Institut of Geophysics, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N. E. Bowles
- Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - C. Charalambous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. K. Delahunty
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Present Address: Advanced Technology and Research, Arup, 13 Fitzroy Street, London, W1T 4BQ UK
| | - J. Hurley
- Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
- RAL Space, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - R. Irshad
- RAL Space, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Present Address: Center for Gravitational Experiments, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430074 P.R. China
| | - A. G. Mukherjee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - A. E. Stott
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J. Temple
- Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - T. Warren
- Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - M. Eberhardt
- Department of Planets and Comets, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A. Kramer
- Department of Planets and Comets, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - W. Kühne
- Department of Planets and Comets, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - E.-P. Miettinen
- Department of Planets and Comets, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M. Monecke
- Department of Planets and Comets, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C. Aicardi
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - M. André
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - J. Baroukh
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - A. Borrien
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - A. Bouisset
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - P. Boutte
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - K. Brethomé
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - C. Brysbaert
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - T. Carlier
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - M. Deleuze
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - J. M. Desmarres
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - D. Dilhan
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - C. Doucet
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - D. Faye
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - N. Faye-Refalo
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - R. Gonzalez
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - C. Imbert
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - C. Larigauderie
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - E. Locatelli
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - L. Luno
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - J.-R. Meyer
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - F. Mialhe
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - J. M. Mouret
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - M. Nonon
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Y. Pahn
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - A. Paillet
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - P. Pasquier
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - G. Perez
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - R. Perez
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - L. Perrin
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - B. Pouilloux
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - A. Rosak
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - I. Savin de Larclause
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - J. Sicre
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - M. Sodki
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - N. Toulemont
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - B. Vella
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - C. Yana
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - F. Alibay
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - O. M. Avalos
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - M. A. Balzer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - P. Bhandari
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - E. Blanco
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - B. D. Bone
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - J. C. Bousman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - P. Bruneau
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - F. J. Calef
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - R. J. Calvet
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - S. A. D’Agostino
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - G. de los Santos
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - R. G. Deen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - R. W. Denise
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - J. Ervin
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - N. W. Ferraro
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - H. E. Gengl
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - F. Grinblat
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - D. Hernandez
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - M. Hetzel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - M. E. Johnson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - L. Khachikyan
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - J. Y. Lin
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - S. M. Madzunkov
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - S. L. Marshall
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - I. G. Mikellides
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - E. A. Miller
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - W. Raff
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - J. E. Singer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - C. M. Sunday
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - J. F. Villalvazo
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - M. C. Wallace
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - D. Banfield
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | | | - C. T. Russell
- Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - A. Trebi-Ollennu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - J. N. Maki
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - E. Beucler
- LPG Nantes, UMR6112, CNRS-Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - M. Böse
- Swiss Seismological Service, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Bonjour
- Institut of Geophysics, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. L. Berenguer
- Geoazur, University Cote d’Azur, 250 rue Einstein, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - S. Ceylan
- Institut of Geophysics, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Clinton
- Swiss Seismological Service, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V. Conejero
- Département de Sismologie, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 7154 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, 1 Rue Jussieu, Paris Cedex, 75238 France
| | - I. Daubar
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - V. Dehant
- Royal Observatory of Belgium, 3 avenue Circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P. Delage
- Laboratoire Navier (CERMES), Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, Marne la Vallée, France
| | - F. Euchner
- Institut of Geophysics, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I. Estève
- Institut de Minéralogie et de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Case courrier 115, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - L. Fayon
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - L. Ferraioli
- Institut of Geophysics, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. L. Johnson
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - J. Gagnepain-Beyneix
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - M. Golombek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - A. Khan
- Institut of Geophysics, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Kawamura
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - B. Kenda
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - P. Labrot
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - N. Murdoch
- ISAE-SUPAERO, Toulouse University, 10 Avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - C. Pardo
- Département de Sismologie, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 7154 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, 1 Rue Jussieu, Paris Cedex, 75238 France
| | - C. Perrin
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot (UMR 7154 CNRS), Planetology et Space Science Team, 35 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, 75013 France
| | - L. Pou
- ISAE-SUPAERO, Toulouse University, 10 Avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - A. Sauron
- Institut of Geophysics, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D. Savoie
- SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, LNE, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
| | - S. Stähler
- Institut of Geophysics, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E. Stutzmann
- Département de Sismologie, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris-Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 7154 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, 1 Rue Jussieu, Paris Cedex, 75238 France
| | - N. A. Teanby
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ UK
| | - J. Tromp
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - M. van Driel
- Institut of Geophysics, ETHZ, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Wieczorek
- Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - R. Widmer-Schnidrig
- Black Forest Observatory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Stuttgart University, Heubach 206, 77709 Wolfach, Germany
| | - J. Wookey
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ UK
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise A, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons E, Freschi M, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow C, Lobo J, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza J, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Meshksar N, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara P, Mendes J, Mendes L, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson D, Rivas F, Russano G, Slutsky J, Sopuerta C, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe J, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass P, Weber W, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. Calibrating the system dynamics of LISA Pathfinder. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Armano M, Audley H, Baird J, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Castelli E, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Freschi M, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow CJ, Lobo JA, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Meshksar N, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson DI, Rivas F, Russano G, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zweifel P. Beyond the Required LISA Free-Fall Performance: New LISA Pathfinder Results down to 20 μHz. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:061101. [PMID: 29481269 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.061101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the months since the publication of the first results, the noise performance of LISA Pathfinder has improved because of reduced Brownian noise due to the continued decrease in pressure around the test masses, from a better correction of noninertial effects, and from a better calibration of the electrostatic force actuation. In addition, the availability of numerous long noise measurement runs, during which no perturbation is purposely applied to the test masses, has allowed the measurement of noise with good statistics down to 20 μHz. The Letter presents the measured differential acceleration noise figure, which is at (1.74±0.05) fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz] above 2 mHz and (6±1)×10 fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz] at 20 μHz, and discusses the physical sources for the measured noise. This performance provides an experimental benchmark demonstrating the ability to realize the low-frequency science potential of the LISA mission, recently selected by the European Space Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Baird
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - P Binetruy
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, Italy
| | - E Castelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo," Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A M Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- The UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Giusteri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo," Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Karnesis
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Korsakova
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J A Lobo
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Lloro
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N Meshksar
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Mateos
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Department d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - F Rivas
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C F Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, and Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Gran Capità, 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Sumner
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, MAE-A, P.O. Box 116250, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - W J Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Armano M, Audley H, Auger G, Baird JT, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Bursi A, Caleno M, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Cruise M, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, Diepholz I, Dolesi R, Dunbar N, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fitzsimons ED, Flatscher R, Freschi M, Gallegos J, García Marirrodriga C, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Grimani C, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hueller M, Huesler J, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Killow CJ, Korsakova N, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Madden S, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Moroni A, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Prat P, Ragnit U, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Romera Perez JA, Robertson DI, Rozemeijer H, Rivas F, Russano G, Sarra P, Schleicher A, Slutsky J, Sopuerta C, Sumner TJ, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Trenkel C, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wanner G, Ward H, Wass PJ, Wealthy D, Weber WJ, Wittchen A, Zanoni C, Ziegler T, Zweifel P. Charge-Induced Force Noise on Free-Falling Test Masses: Results from LISA Pathfinder. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:171101. [PMID: 28498710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.171101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on electrostatic measurements made on board the European Space Agency mission LISA Pathfinder. Detailed measurements of the charge-induced electrostatic forces exerted on free-falling test masses (TMs) inside the capacitive gravitational reference sensor are the first made in a relevant environment for a space-based gravitational wave detector. Employing a combination of charge control and electric-field compensation, we show that the level of charge-induced acceleration noise on a single TM can be maintained at a level close to 1.0 fm s^{-2} Hz^{-1/2} across the 0.1-100 mHz frequency band that is crucial to an observatory such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Using dedicated measurements that detect these effects in the differential acceleration between the two test masses, we resolve the stochastic nature of the TM charge buildup due to interplanetary cosmic rays and the TM charge-to-force coupling through stray electric fields in the sensor. All our measurements are in good agreement with predictions based on a relatively simple electrostatic model of the LISA Pathfinder instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Auger
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - J T Baird
- High Energy Physics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - P Binetruy
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, Italy
| | - N Brandt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - A Bursi
- CGS S.p.A, Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio, Via Gallarate, 150-20151 Milano, Italy
| | - M Caleno
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - A Cavalleri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Cruise
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Edgbaston Park Road, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - N Dunbar
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- United Kingdom Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Flatscher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Gallegos
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - C García Marirrodriga
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - R Gerndt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - F Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Giusteri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - C Grimani
- DiSPeA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- High Energy Physics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Huesler
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Johlander
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - N Karnesis
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Korsakova
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - I Lloro
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Madden
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Mateos
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Moroni
- CGS S.p.A, Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio, Via Gallarate, 150-20151 Milano, Italy
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - P Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - P Prat
- APC UMR7164, Université Paris Diderot, 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - U Ragnit
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Department d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - J A Romera Perez
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Rozemeijer
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - F Rivas
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - G Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - P Sarra
- CGS S.p.A, Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio, Via Gallarate, 150-20151 Milano, Italy
| | - A Schleicher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - J Slutsky
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - T J Sumner
- High Energy Physics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Thorpe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C Trenkel
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - D Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- High Energy Physics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Wealthy
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - W J Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Zanoni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Application/INFN, Italy
| | - T Ziegler
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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Armano M, Audley H, Auger G, Baird JT, Bassan M, Binetruy P, Born M, Bortoluzzi D, Brandt N, Caleno M, Carbone L, Cavalleri A, Cesarini A, Ciani G, Congedo G, Cruise AM, Danzmann K, de Deus Silva M, De Rosa R, Diaz-Aguiló M, Di Fiore L, Diepholz I, Dixon G, Dolesi R, Dunbar N, Ferraioli L, Ferroni V, Fichter W, Fitzsimons ED, Flatscher R, Freschi M, García Marín AF, García Marirrodriga C, Gerndt R, Gesa L, Gibert F, Giardini D, Giusteri R, Guzmán F, Grado A, Grimani C, Grynagier A, Grzymisch J, Harrison I, Heinzel G, Hewitson M, Hollington D, Hoyland D, Hueller M, Inchauspé H, Jennrich O, Jetzer P, Johann U, Johlander B, Karnesis N, Kaune B, Korsakova N, Killow CJ, Lobo JA, Lloro I, Liu L, López-Zaragoza JP, Maarschalkerweerd R, Mance D, Martín V, Martin-Polo L, Martino J, Martin-Porqueras F, Madden S, Mateos I, McNamara PW, Mendes J, Mendes L, Monsky A, Nicolodi D, Nofrarias M, Paczkowski S, Perreur-Lloyd M, Petiteau A, Pivato P, Plagnol E, Prat P, Ragnit U, Raïs B, Ramos-Castro J, Reiche J, Robertson DI, Rozemeijer H, Rivas F, Russano G, Sanjuán J, Sarra P, Schleicher A, Shaul D, Slutsky J, Sopuerta CF, Stanga R, Steier F, Sumner T, Texier D, Thorpe JI, Trenkel C, Tröbs M, Tu HB, Vetrugno D, Vitale S, Wand V, Wanner G, Ward H, Warren C, Wass PJ, Wealthy D, Weber WJ, Wissel L, Wittchen A, Zambotti A, Zanoni C, Ziegler T, Zweifel P. Sub-Femto-g Free Fall for Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatories: LISA Pathfinder Results. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:231101. [PMID: 27341221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.231101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first results of the LISA Pathfinder in-flight experiment. The results demonstrate that two free-falling reference test masses, such as those needed for a space-based gravitational wave observatory like LISA, can be put in free fall with a relative acceleration noise with a square root of the power spectral density of 5.2±0.1 fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz], or (0.54±0.01)×10^{-15} g/sqrt[Hz], with g the standard gravity, for frequencies between 0.7 and 20 mHz. This value is lower than the LISA Pathfinder requirement by more than a factor 5 and within a factor 1.25 of the requirement for the LISA mission, and is compatible with Brownian noise from viscous damping due to the residual gas surrounding the test masses. Above 60 mHz the acceleration noise is dominated by interferometer displacement readout noise at a level of (34.8±0.3) fm/sqrt[Hz], about 2 orders of magnitude better than requirements. At f≤0.5 mHz we observe a low-frequency tail that stays below 12 fm s^{-2}/sqrt[Hz] down to 0.1 mHz. This performance would allow for a space-based gravitational wave observatory with a sensitivity close to what was originally foreseen for LISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armano
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Audley
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Auger
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - J T Baird
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - M Bassan
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", and INFN, sezione Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P Binetruy
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - M Born
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Bortoluzzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, Italy
| | - N Brandt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - M Caleno
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - L Carbone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cavalleri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR-Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A Cesarini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Ciani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - G Congedo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - A M Cruise
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Danzmann
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M de Deus Silva
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - R De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli "Federico II" and INFN-Sezione di Napoli, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - M Diaz-Aguiló
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Di Fiore
- INFN-Sezione di Napoli, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - I Diepholz
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Dixon
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Dolesi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - N Dunbar
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - L Ferraioli
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - W Fichter
- Universitt Stuttgart, Institut fr Flugmechanik und Flugregelung, Pfaffenwaldring 27, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - E D Fitzsimons
- The UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Flatscher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - M Freschi
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - A F García Marín
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C García Marirrodriga
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - R Gerndt
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - L Gesa
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - F Gibert
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D Giardini
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Giusteri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - F Guzmán
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Grado
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131 Napoli, Italy and INFN sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Grimani
- DISPEA, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via S. Chiara, 27 61029 Urbino/INFN, Italy
| | - A Grynagier
- Universitt Stuttgart, Institut fr Flugmechanik und Flugregelung, Pfaffenwaldring 27, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Grzymisch
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - I Harrison
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Heinzel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Hewitson
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Hollington
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Hoyland
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Hueller
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - H Inchauspé
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - O Jennrich
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - P Jetzer
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - U Johann
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - B Johlander
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - N Karnesis
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - B Kaune
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Korsakova
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - C J Killow
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J A Lobo
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - I Lloro
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Liu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J P López-Zaragoza
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Maarschalkerweerd
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Mance
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Martín
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - L Martin-Polo
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Martino
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - F Martin-Porqueras
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Madden
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - I Mateos
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - P W McNamara
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - J Mendes
- European Space Operations Centre, European Space Agency, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Mendes
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Monsky
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D Nicolodi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Nofrarias
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - S Paczkowski
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Perreur-Lloyd
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Petiteau
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P Pivato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - E Plagnol
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - P Prat
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - U Ragnit
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - B Raïs
- APC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - J Ramos-Castro
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Reiche
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - D I Robertson
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Rozemeijer
- European Space Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - F Rivas
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - G Russano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - J Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - P Sarra
- CGS S.p.A, Compagnia Generale per lo Spazio, Via Gallarate, 150-20151 Milano, Italy
| | - A Schleicher
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - D Shaul
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - J Slutsky
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C F Sopuerta
- Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - R Stanga
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze and INFN-Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - F Steier
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - T Sumner
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Texier
- European Space Astronomy Centre, European Space Agency, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Thorpe
- Gravitational Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - C Trenkel
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - M Tröbs
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H B Tu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - D Vetrugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - S Vitale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - V Wand
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - G Wanner
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Ward
- SUPA, Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C Warren
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - P J Wass
- High Energy Physics Group, Physics Department, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Wealthy
- Airbus Defence and Space, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2AS, United Kingdom
| | - W J Weber
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - L Wissel
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Wittchen
- Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik und Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Zambotti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, Italy
| | - C Zanoni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, and Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications/INFN, Italy
| | - T Ziegler
- Airbus Defence and Space, Claude-Dornier-Strasse, 88090 Immenstaad, Germany
| | - P Zweifel
- Institut für Geophysik, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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Telser H, Mülhaupt B, Helbling B, Zweifel P. [Cost comparison of two combination therapies with peginterferon alfa and ribavarin for the treatment of hepatitis C]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2005; 94:1207-14. [PMID: 16128208 DOI: 10.1024/0369-8394.94.32.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The two approved combination therapies for the treatment of hepatitis C in Switzerland (Pegasys/Copegus, PAC; PegIntron/Rebetol, PIR) are very similar in terms of efficacy and safety. This study aims at comparing the cost of the two therapies and determining the cost-efficient treatment algorithm. Average cost amounts to CHF 21700.-(PAC) and CHF 19700.- (PIR) for patients with genotype 1 and to CHF 15600.- (PAC) and CHF 15000.- (PIR) for patients with genotype 2/3, respectively. The consistent use of PIR is 9 to 12% cheaper than PAC. Further cost savings of 3% are possible if patients with a bodyweight below 85 kg (genotype 1) or below 75 kg (genotype 2/3) are treated with PIR while patients with a bodyweight over 85 kg (genotype 1) or over 75 kg (genotype 2/3) are treated with PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Telser
- Sozialökonomisches Institut, Universität Zurich.
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Abstract
Salas and Raftery allege that in our paper, (1) remaining life expectancy is an endogenous explanatory variable of health care expenditure and (2) the parameter designed to correct for sample selection bias in fact represents a hidden relationship between health care expenditure and age. We argue that claim (1) is not supported by the available empirical evidence, while claim (2) seems to derive from a too cursory reading of our paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zweifel
- Socioeconomic Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Zweifel P, Telser H. [Rationing: the royal path in health care?]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2000; 89:1181-1184. [PMID: 11014115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Zweifel
- Sozialökonomischen Institut, Universität Zürich
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Zweifel P. Criteria for the future division of labor between private and social health insurance. J Health Care Finance 2000; 26:38-55. [PMID: 10728484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
This article's point of departure is that the individual has to manage three stochastic assets, namely health, wealth, and wisdom (skills), which tend to be positively correlated. It shows that the unexpected components of insurance payments should be negatively correlated for minimizing total asset volatility. The empirical finding is that in the United States, Japan, and Germany, the lines of social insurance contribute less to diversification than do those of private insurance. The article concludes with suggestions for new, umbrella-type insurance contracts that in the future should help individuals in the efficient management of their assets.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zweifel
- Socioeconomic Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Cross-border care is likely to become a major issue among EU countries because patients have the option of obtaining treatment abroad under Community Regulations 1408/71. This paper develops a model formalizing both the patient's decision to apply for cross-border care and the authorizing physician's decision to admit a patient to the program. The patient is assumed to maximize expected utility, which depends on the quality of care and the length of waiting in the home country and the host country, respectively. Not all patients qualifying for the EU program present themselves to the authorizing physician because of the transaction cost involved. The physician in her turn shapes effective demand for authorization through her rate of refusal, which constitutes information to potential applicants about the probability of obtaining treatment abroad. The authorizing physician thus acts as an agent serving two principals, her patient and her national government, trading off the perceived utility loss of patients who are rejected against her commitment to domestic health policy. The model may be used to explain existing patient flows between EU countries.
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Abstract
Policymakers fear that health insurers when exposed to competition will engage in cream-skimming (i.e. selection of good risks) rather than trying to improve their benefit to premium ratio. This fear surfaced also when Swiss federal government proposed pro-competitive Law on social health insurance, which barely passed a popular referendum in 1994. While a risk equalization mechanism based on age, gender, and place of residence has already been created, there is a considerable interest in improving its formula. This paper shows that a dummy variable indicating an individual's death during the period of observation causes the coefficient of determination to jump from 0.039 to 0.111. More-over, simulations of the risk selection process suggest that risk equalization should be made a permanent institution rather than being limited to a life of 10 years as prescribed by present legislation. In fact, the formula in use, with all its shortcomings, can be shown to neutralize to a great extent insurer interest in cream skimming provided he takes a longer-run view.
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Abstract
Grossman derives the demand for health from an optimal control model in which health capital is both a consumption and an investment good. In his approach, the individual chooses his level of health and therefore his life span. Initially an individual is endowed with a certain amount of health capital, which depreciates over time but can be replenished by investments like medical care, diet, exercise, etc. Therefore, the level of health is not treated as exogenous but depends on the amount of resources the individual allocates to the production of health. The production of health capital also depends on variables which modify the efficiency of the production process, therefore changing the shadow price of health capital. For example, more highly educated people are expected to be more efficient producers of health who thus face a lower price of health capital, an effect that should increase their quantity of health demanded. While the Grossman model provides a suitable theoretical framework for explaining the demand for health and the demand for medical services, it has not been too successful empirically. However, empirical tests up to this date have been exclusively based on cross section data, thus failing to take the dynamic nature of the Grossman model into account. By way of contrast, the present paper contains individual time series information not only on the utilization of medical services but also on income, wealth, work, and life style. The data come from two surveys carried out in 1981 and 1993 among members of a Swiss sick fund, with the linkage between the two waves provided by insurance records. In all, this comparatively rich data set holds the promise of permitting the Grossman model to be adequately tested for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nocera
- University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
This paper studies the relationship between health care expenditure (HCE) and age, using longitudinal rather than cross-sectional data. The econometric analysis of HCE in the last eight quarters of life of individuals who died during the period 1983-1992 indicates that HCE depends on remaining lifetime but not on calendar age, at least beyond 65+. The positive relationship between age and HCE observed in cross-sectional data may be caused by the simple fact that at age 80, for example, there are many more individuals living in their last 2 years than at age 65. The limited impact of age on HCE suggests that population ageing may contribute much less to future growth of the health care sector than claimed by most observers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zweifel
- Socioeconomic Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zweifel P. Regulation of health: case studies of Sweden and Switzerland. Introduction. Dev Health Econ Public Policy 1998; 7:1-8. [PMID: 10538825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Zweifel
- Socioeconomic Center, University of Zürich
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Abstract
The point of departure for this contribution is a problem common to all Western healthcare systems, namely the deficiency of their basic building block, the physician-patient relationship. This deficiency opens up a market for complementary agents in healthcare, ranging from medical associations to the central government. While Germany has traditionally put the emphasis on medical associations as the dominant complementary agent (DCA), it is shifting towards the central government. Switzerland, on the other hand, traditionally has relied on the cantonal governments and is now moving towards competing (quasi-) private health insurers that would function as DCAs. Thus, managed care, which is a means through which to reshape the physician-patient relationship, is used quite differently in the 2 countries, with differing expected outcomes and different consequences for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zweifel
- Socioeconomic Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zweifel
- Universität Zürich, Institut für Empirische, Germany
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Nocera S, Zweifel P. Women's role in the provision of long-term care, financial incentives, and the future financing of long-term care. Dev Health Econ Public Policy 1995; 5:79-102. [PMID: 10164424 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4096-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Nocera
- Universität Zürich, Institut für Empirische, Germany
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Abstract
This paper takes the economist's point of view for explaining why psychotherapy seems to be a particularly difficult discipline and what could be done about it. Whereas the so-called agency relationship (i.e. a specialized agent acting on behalf of an uninformed client) can be counted upon to resolve some of the problems in somatic care, it risks to fail in psychic care because the client frequently expresses inconsistent preferences. For this reason, family members and general practitioners may serve as comparatively good agents in ambulatory care, while in the inpatient segment of psychotherapy, patient-oriented objectives tend to be thwarted. An important condition for agency relationships to perform well, however, is that the client carry a sufficient 'price tag', implying that his treatment contributes to the economic objectives of the agent in charge. The conclusion is that choice of agency relationships, even if resulting in seemingly wasteful parallel treatment, gives rise to competition between agents for patients and thus may serve as one of the best safeguards of patients' interests in psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zweifel
- Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Zweifel P, Waser O. Bonus options in health insurance. Dev Health Econ Public Policy 1991; 2:v-xxi, 1-141. [PMID: 10153440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Zweifel
- Department of Economics, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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Zweifel P. Comparative health systems. Switzerland. Adv Health Econ Health Serv Res Suppl 1989; 1:77-101. [PMID: 10113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Zweifel
- Institut für Empirische Wirtschaftsforschung der Universitat Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Faced with the cost explosion in the health care sector, policy-makers in most industrialized countries have been focusing on cost-sharing in health insurance as a possible solution. This is a sanction meted out to users of medical care; the alternative of creating positive incentives for non-users has not yet received nearly as much attention. This paper reports on the experiences made by German private health insurers with their plans offering rebates as well as experience-rated bonuses for no claims. It is argued that a rebate offer may be at least as attractive as conventional cost-sharing plans from the point of view of the consumer since these new options allow him to choose the time at which he is to bear the financial consequences of an illness. In the second part of the paper, predictions are derived concerning the incentives contained in the policies written by three particular insurers. Clear evidence of a decrease in demand for ambulatory medical care at the lower end of the billings distribution is found in rebate and bonus plans. The concluding section of the paper contains a discussion of the results with a view on the continuing debate about the reform of social health insurance.
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Abstract
Health insurers fear that increased use of medical technology in ambulatory care results in increased billings per physician. This view may overlook certain subtle links between available, appropriated technology in ambulatory practice and the propensity to hospitalize a marginal patient. In this paper, the impacts of technology on four components of total per physician treatment cost were analyzed statistically using 1976-1978 percentage changes for a sample of more than 700 Swiss physicians: number of cases treated, per case billings for ambulatory care, rate of hospitalization and cost of a hospital stay relative to ambulatory care. On net, a 10% reduction in use of laboratory work and X-ray procedures was estimated to result in about 2 and 0.4% savings, respectively. A similar reduction of direct drug sales to patients would increase total cost by 0.3%. From the vantage point of society, even the modest savings indicated probably disappear as soon as the full social cost of a hospital stay is taken into account.
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Zweifel P. Drugs, physicians, and hospitalization. Adv Health Econ Health Serv Res 1983; 5:311-37. [PMID: 10272995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Bruppacher R, Zweifel P. [Interdependence of risk factors; Pooling project NRP 1]. Soz Praventivmed 1982; 27:214-5. [PMID: 7158047 DOI: 10.1007/bf02079639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zweifel P. [The cost-insurance-spiral in health care]. Soz Praventivmed 1981; 26:81-7. [PMID: 7303930 DOI: 10.1007/bf02076323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The working hypothesis is that a cost-insurance spiral is operating in the Swiss health care system. It consists of three causal links. First, insurance coverage is one of the factors influencing the probability with which an individual sees a physician for a given condition. With improved coverage, demand for initial contacts will rise, inducing changes in ambulatory cost per case treated as well as in the propensity of hospitalization. Due to this second relationship, members of the sick funds find themselves exposed to an increased financial risk. Therefore, they tend to adjust coverage accordingly. With this third link, a feedback is established, and the cost-insurance spiral is ready to go into another round. The questions of whether such a spiral exists, the speed with which it turns, and how it could be slowed down are at the core of an investigation that will be completed in 1982. Members of a major sick fund have already been sampled in order to supplement insurance records with socioeconomic data.
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Zweifel P. Die abdominale Operation hochsitzender Blasenscheiden-und Blasengebärmutterfisteln. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1920. [DOI: 10.1159/000296847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zweifel P. I. Ueber Symphysiotomie. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1897. [DOI: 10.1159/000279164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zweifel P. Ueber die Bestimmung der Schwangerschaftszeit durch Messungen. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1884. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01813694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zweifel P. Kurzer Nachtrag zur Aetiologie der Ophthalmoblennorrhoea neonatorum. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1884. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01797298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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