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McGawley K, Sargent D, Noordhof D, Badenhorst CE, Julian R, Govus AD. Improving menstrual health literacy in sport. J Sci Med Sport 2023:S1440-2440(23)00143-3. [PMID: 37407335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Menstrual health represents a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in relation to a woman's menstrual cycle. From a health literacy perspective, knowledge acquisition and expertise are dependent upon the degree to which an individual can find, access, understand, critically analyse, and apply health information. Therefore, menstrual health literacy can be used to describe the state of knowledge acquisition and application specific to menstrual health-related issues. Menstrual health literacy is low among female athletes, their coaches, and practitioners, and few evidence-informed education or implementation strategies exist to improve menstrual health literacy in sport. Moreover, athletes seldom discuss their menstrual cycles or hormonal contraceptive use with their coaches, despite experiencing menstrual symptoms and/or disturbances and perceiving their menstrual cycles/hormonal contraceptive use to affect performance. Barriers to communication about menstrual cycle- and hormonal contraceptive-related topics include a perceived lack of knowledge among athletes, coaches, and practitioners, concerns about how conversations on these issues will affect interpersonal relationships, and a lack of formal and informal discussion forums. Whilst evidence relating to the effects of the menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptive use on training and performance is currently limited, with existing studies often lacking methodological rigour, impactful steps can still be made to support female athletes. This cornerstone review highlights the current state of menstrual health literacy among athletes, coaches, and practitioners, and provides recommendations for improving menstrual health literacy in sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McGawley
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sweden. https://twitter.com/KerryMcGawley
| | - D Sargent
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/DebbyDls4
| | - D Noordhof
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway. https://twitter.com/DionneNoordhof
| | - C E Badenhorst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand. https://twitter.com/claire_bades
| | - R Julian
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, United Kingdom; University of Münster, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Germany. https://twitter.com/RossJulian88
| | - A D Govus
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition Science, La Trobe University, Australia.
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Dienstmann R, Mason MJ, Sinicrope FA, Phipps AI, Tejpar S, Nesbakken A, Danielsen SA, Sveen A, Buchanan DD, Clendenning M, Rosty C, Bot B, Alberts SR, Milburn Jessup J, Lothe RA, Delorenzi M, Newcomb PA, Sargent D, Guinney J. Prediction of overall survival in stage II and III colon cancer beyond TNM system: a retrospective, pooled biomarker study. Ann Oncol 2018; 28:1023-1031. [PMID: 28453697 PMCID: PMC5406760 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TNM staging alone does not accurately predict outcome in colon cancer (CC) patients who may be eligible for adjuvant chemotherapy. It is unknown to what extent the molecular markers microsatellite instability (MSI) and mutations in BRAF or KRAS improve prognostic estimation in multivariable models that include detailed clinicopathological annotation. Patients and methods After imputation of missing at random data, a subset of patients accrued in phase 3 trials with adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 3016)-N0147 (NCT00079274) and PETACC3 (NCT00026273)-was aggregated to construct multivariable Cox models for 5-year overall survival that were subsequently validated internally in the remaining clinical trial samples (n = 1499), and also externally in different population cohorts of chemotherapy-treated (n = 949) or -untreated (n = 1080) CC patients, and an additional series without treatment annotation (n = 782). Results TNM staging, MSI and BRAFV600E mutation status remained independent prognostic factors in multivariable models across clinical trials cohorts and observational studies. Concordance indices increased from 0.61-0.68 in the TNM alone model to 0.63-0.71 in models with added molecular markers, 0.65-0.73 with clinicopathological features and 0.66-0.74 with all covariates. In validation cohorts with complete annotation, the integrated time-dependent AUC rose from 0.64 for the TNM alone model to 0.67 for models that included clinicopathological features, with or without molecular markers. In patient cohorts that received adjuvant chemotherapy, the relative proportion of variance explained (R2) by TNM, clinicopathological features and molecular markers was on an average 65%, 25% and 10%, respectively. Conclusions Incorporation of MSI, BRAFV600E and KRAS mutation status to overall survival models with TNM staging improves the ability to precisely prognosticate in stage II and III CC patients, but only modestly increases prediction accuracy in multivariable models that include clinicopathological features, particularly in chemotherapy-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dienstmann
- Computational Oncology, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, USA.,Oncology Data Science Group, Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Mason
- Computational Oncology, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, USA
| | - F A Sinicrope
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester
| | - A I Phipps
- Epidemiology Department, University of Washington and Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - S Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology Unit, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Nesbakken
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, and K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - S A Danielsen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, and K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Sveen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, and K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - D D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Genetic Medicine and Familial Cancer Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - M Clendenning
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - C Rosty
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - B Bot
- Computational Oncology, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, USA
| | - S R Alberts
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester
| | - J Milburn Jessup
- Diagnostics Evaluation Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, USA
| | - R A Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, and K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Delorenzi
- SIB Swiss Institute Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P A Newcomb
- Epidemiology Department, University of Washington and Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - D Sargent
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - J Guinney
- Computational Oncology, Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, USA
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Zhang B, Jones J, Briggler A, Hubbard J, Kipp B, Sargent D, Dixon J, Grothey A. CDX2 loss as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw370.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bayar MA, Le Teuff G, Michiels S, Sargent D, Le Deley MC. Étude de simulations pour comparer différents designs d’essais randomisés en termes de bénéfice et risque à long terme en considérant une succession d’essais, dans les maladies rares. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Taieb J, Le Malicot K, Penault-Llorca F, Bouche O, Shi Q, Thibodeau S, Tabernero J, Mini E, Zaanan Z, Goldberg R, Folprecht G, Van Laethem J, Sargent D, Alberts S, Laurent Puig P, Sinicrope F. O-009 Prognostic value of BRAFV600E and KRAS exon 2 mutations in microsatellite stable stage III colon cancers from patients treated with FOLFOX + /- cetuximab: A pooled analysis from PETACC8 and N0147 trials. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv235.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zaanan A, Shi Q, Taieb J, Alberts S, Smyrk T, Julie C, Zawadi A, Tabernero J, Mini E, Goldberg R, Folprecht G, Van Laethem J, Le Malicot K, Sargent D, Laurent Puig P, Sinicrope F. O-021 Analysis of DNA mismatch repair and clinical outcome in stage III colon cancers from patients treated with adjuvant FOLFOX +/- cetuximab in the PETACC8 and NCCTG N0147 adjuvant trials. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv235.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Litière S, De Vries EGE, Seymour L, Sargent D, Shankar L, Bogaerts J. Reply to Verlingue, Koscielny and Ferté. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2889-91. [PMID: 25219450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Litière
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E G E De Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Seymour
- NCIC Clinical trials group, Queens University, Kingston, Canada
| | - D Sargent
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - L Shankar
- NCI Cancer Imaging Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, United States
| | - J Bogaerts
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
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Papamichael D, Audisio RA, Glimelius B, de Gramont A, Glynne-Jones R, Haller D, Köhne CH, Rostoft S, Lemmens V, Mitry E, Rutten H, Sargent D, Sastre J, Seymour M, Starling N, Van Cutsem E, Aapro M. Treatment of colorectal cancer in older patients: International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) consensus recommendations 2013. Ann Oncol 2014; 26:463-76. [PMID: 25015334 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in Europe and worldwide, with the peak incidence in patients >70 years of age. However, as the treatment algorithms for the treatment of patients with CRC become ever more complex, it is clear that a significant percentage of older CRC patients (>70 years) are being less than optimally treated. This document provides a summary of an International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) task force meeting convened in Paris in 2013 to update the existing expert recommendations for the treatment of older (geriatric) CRC patients published in 2009 and includes overviews of the recent data on epidemiology, geriatric assessment as it relates to surgery and oncology, and the ability of older CRC patients to tolerate surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, treatment of their metastatic disease including palliative chemotherapy with and without the use of the biologics, and finally the use of adjuvant and palliative radiotherapy in the treatment of older rectal cancer patients. An overview of each area was presented by one of the task force experts and comments invited from other task force members.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Papamichael
- Department of Medical Oncology, B.O. Cyprus Oncology Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - B Glimelius
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - D Haller
- Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - C-H Köhne
- Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - S Rostoft
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - V Lemmens
- Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam Eindhoven Cancer Registry, Comprehensive Cancer Centre South (IKZ), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E Mitry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Guyancourt, France
| | - H Rutten
- Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - J Sastre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Seymour
- Cancer Medicine and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - N Starling
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Van Cutsem
- Digestive Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Aapro
- SIOG Office, Clinique de Genolier, Genolier, Switzerland
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Ambady P, Holdhoff M, Ferrigno C, Grossman S, Anderson MD, Liu D, Conrad C, Penas-Prado M, Gilbert MR, Yung AWK, de Groot J, Aoki T, Nishikawa R, Sugiyama K, Nonoguchi N, Kawabata N, Mishima K, Adachi JI, Kurisu K, Yamasaki F, Tominaga T, Kumabe T, Ueki K, Higuchi F, Yamamoto T, Ishikawa E, Takeshima H, Yamashita S, Arita K, Hirano H, Yamada S, Matsutani M, Apok V, Mills S, Soh C, Karabatsou K, Arimappamagan A, Arya S, Majaid M, Somanna S, Santosh V, Schaff L, Armentano F, Harrison C, Lassman A, McKhann G, Iwamoto F, Armstrong T, Yuan Y, Liu D, Acquaye A, Vera-Bolanos E, Diefes K, Heathcock L, Cahill D, Gilbert M, Aldape K, Arrillaga-Romany I, Ruddy K, Greenberg S, Nayak L, Avgeropoulos N, Avgeropoulos G, Riggs G, Reilly C, Banerji N, Bruns P, Hoag M, Gilliland K, Trusheim J, Bekaert L, Borha A, Emery E, Busson A, Guillamo JS, Bell M, Harrison C, Armentano F, Lassman A, Connolly ES, Khandji A, Iwamoto F, Blakeley J, Ye X, Bergner A, Dombi E, Zalewski C, Follmer K, Halpin C, Fayad L, Jacobs M, Baldwin A, Langmead S, Whitcomb T, Jennings D, Widemann B, Plotkin S, Brandes AA, Mason W, Pichler J, Nowak AK, Gil M, Saran F, Revil C, Lutiger B, Carpentier AF, Milojkovic-Kerklaan B, Aftimos P, Altintas S, Jager A, Gladdines W, Lonnqvist F, Soetekouw P, van Linde M, Awada A, Schellens J, Brandsma D, Brenner A, Sun J, Floyd J, Hart C, Eng C, Fichtel L, Gruslova A, Lodi A, Tiziani S, Bridge CA, Baldock A, Kumthekar P, Dilfer P, Johnston SK, Jacobs J, Corwin D, Guyman L, Rockne R, Sonabend A, Cloney M, Canoll P, Swanson KR, Bromberg J, Schouten H, Schaafsma R, Baars J, Brandsma D, Lugtenburg P, van Montfort C, van den Bent M, Doorduijn J, Spalding A, LaRocca R, Haninger D, Saaraswat T, Coombs L, Rai S, Burton E, Burzynski G, Burzynski S, Janicki T, Marszalek A, Burzynski S, Janicki T, Burzynski G, Marszalek A, Cachia D, Smith T, Cardona AF, Mayor LC, Jimenez E, Hakim F, Yepes C, Bermudez S, Useche N, Asencio JL, Mejia JA, Vargas C, Otero JM, Carranza H, Ortiz LD, Cardona AF, Ortiz LD, Jimenez E, Hakim F, Yepes C, Useche N, Bermudez S, Asencio JL, Carranza H, Vargas C, Otero JM, Bartels C, Quintero A, Restrepo CE, Gomez S, Bernal-Vaca L, Lema M, Cardona AF, Ortiz LD, Useche N, Bermudez S, Jimenez E, Hakim F, Yepes C, Mejia JA, Bernal-Vaca L, Restrepo CE, Gomez S, Quintero A, Bartels C, Carranza H, Vargas C, Otero JM, Carlo M, Omuro A, Grommes C, Kris M, Nolan C, Pentsova E, Pietanza M, Kaley T, Carrabba G, Giammattei L, Draghi R, Conte V, Martinelli I, Caroli M, Bertani G, Locatelli M, Rampini P, Artoni A, Carrabba G, Bertani G, Cogiamanian F, Ardolino G, Zarino B, Locatelli M, Caroli M, Rampini P, Chamberlain M, Raizer J, Soffetti R, Ruda R, Brandsma D, Boogerd W, Taillibert S, Le Rhun E, Jaeckle K, van den Bent M, Wen P, Chamberlain M, Chinot OL, Wick W, Mason W, Henriksson R, Saran F, Nishikawa R, Carpentier AF, Hoang-Xuan K, Kavan P, Cernea D, Brandes AA, Hilton M, Kerloeguen Y, Guijarro A, Cloughsey T, Choi JH, Hong YK, Conrad C, Yung WKA, deGroot J, Gilbert M, Loghin M, Penas-Prado M, Tremont I, Silberman S, Picker D, Costa R, Lycette J, Gancher S, Cullen J, Winer E, Hochberg F, Sachs G, Jeyapalan S, Dahiya S, Stevens G, Peereboom D, Ahluwalia M, Daras M, Hsu M, Kaley T, Panageas K, Curry R, Avila E, Fuente MDL, Omuro A, DeAngelis L, Desjardins A, Sampson J, Peters K, Ranjan T, Vlahovic G, Threatt S, Herndon J, Boulton S, Lally-Goss D, McSherry F, Friedman A, Friedman H, Bigner D, Gromeier M, Prust M, Kalpathy-Cramer J, Poloskova P, Jafari-Khouzani K, Gerstner E, Dietrich J, Fabi A, Villani V, Vaccaro V, Vidiri A, Giannarelli D, Piludu F, Anelli V, Carapella C, Cognetti F, Pace A, Flowers A, Flowers A, Killory B, Furuse M, Miyatake SI, Kawabata S, Kuroiwa T, Garciarena P, Anderson MD, Hamilton J, Schellingerhout D, Fuller GN, Sawaya R, Gilbert MR, Gilbert M, Pugh S, Won M, Blumenthal D, Vogelbaum M, Aldape K, Colman H, Chakravarti A, Jeraj R, Dignam J, Armstrong T, Wefel J, Brown P, Jaeckle K, Schiff D, Brachman D, Werner-Wasik M, Tremont-Lukats I, Sulman E, Mehta M, Gill B, Yun J, Goldstein H, Malone H, Pisapia D, Sonabend AM, Mckhann GK, Sisti MB, Sims P, Canoll P, Bruce JN, Girvan A, Carter G, Li L, Kaltenboeck A, Chawla A, Ivanova J, Koh M, Stevens J, Lahn M, Gore M, Hariharan S, Porta C, Bjarnason G, Bracarda S, Hawkins R, Oudard S, Zhang K, Fly K, Matczak E, Szczylik C, Grossman R, Ram Z, Hamza M, O'Brien B, Mandel J, DeGroot J, Han S, Molinaro A, Berger M, Prados M, Chang S, Clarke J, Butowski N, Hashimoto N, Chiba Y, Tsuboi A, Kinoshita M, Hirayama R, Kagawa N, Oka Y, Oji Y, Sugiyama H, Yoshimine T, Hawkins-Daarud A, Jackson PR, Swanson KR, Sarmiento JM, Ly D, Jutla J, Ortega A, Carico C, Dickinson H, Phuphanich S, Rudnick J, Patil C, Hu J, Iglseder S, Nowosielski M, Nevinny-Stickel M, Stockhammer G, Jain R, Poisson L, Scarpace L, Mikkelsen T, Kirby J, Freymann J, Hwang S, Gutman D, Jaffe C, Brat D, Flanders A, Janicki T, Burzynski S, Burzynski G, Marszalek A, Jiang C, Wang H, Jo J, Williams B, Smolkin M, Wintermark M, Shaffrey M, Schiff D, Juratli T, Soucek S, Kirsch M, Schackert G, Kakkar A, Kumar S, Bhagat U, Kumar A, Suri A, Singh M, Sharma M, Sarkar C, Suri V, Kaley T, Barani I, Chamberlain M, McDermott M, Raizer J, Rogers L, Schiff D, Vogelbaum M, Weber D, Wen P, Kalita O, Vaverka M, Hrabalek L, Zlevorova M, Trojanec R, Hajduch M, Kneblova M, Ehrmann J, Kanner AA, Wong ET, Villano JL, Ram Z, Khatua S, Fuller G, Dasgupta S, Rytting M, Vats T, Zaky W, Khatua S, Sandberg D, Foresman L, Zaky W, Kieran M, Geoerger B, Casanova M, Chisholm J, Aerts I, Bouffet E, Brandes AA, Leary SES, Sullivan M, Bailey S, Cohen K, Mason W, Kalambakas S, Deshpande P, Tai F, Hurh E, McDonald TJ, Kieran M, Hargrave D, Wen PY, Goldman S, Amakye D, Patton M, Tai F, Moreno L, Kim CY, Kim T, Han JH, Kim YJ, Kim IA, Yun CH, Jung HW, Koekkoek JAF, Reijneveld JC, Dirven L, Postma TJ, Vos MJ, Heimans JJ, Taphoorn MJB, Koeppen S, Hense J, Kong XT, Davidson T, Lai A, Cloughesy T, Nghiemphu PL, Kong DS, Choi YL, Seol HJ, Lee JI, Nam DH, Kool M, Jones DTW, Jager N, Northcott PA, Pugh T, Hovestadt V, Markant S, Esparza LA, Bourdeaut F, Remke M, Taylor MD, Cho YJ, Pomeroy SL, Schuller U, Korshunov A, Eils R, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Lichter P, Pfister SM, Krel R, Krutoshinskaya Y, Rosiello A, Seidman R, Kowalska A, Kudo T, Hata Y, Maehara T, Kumthekar P, Bridge C, Patel V, Rademaker A, Helenowski I, Mrugala M, Rockhill J, Swanson K, Grimm S, Raizer J, Meletath S, Bennett M, Nestor VA, Fink KL, Lee E, Reardon D, Schiff D, Drappatz J, Muzikansky A, Hammond S, Grimm S, Norden A, Beroukhim R, McCluskey C, Chi A, Batchelor T, Smith K, Gaffey S, Gerard M, Snodgras S, Raizer J, Wen P, Leeper H, Johnson D, Lima J, Porensky E, Cavaliere R, Lin A, Liu J, Evans J, Leuthardt E, Dacey R, Dowling J, Kim A, Zipfel G, Grubb R, Huang J, Robinson C, Simpson J, Linette G, Chicoine M, Tran D, Liubinas SV, D'Abaco GM, Moffat B, Gonzales M, Feleppa F, Nowell CJ, Gorelick A, Drummond KJ, Morokoff AP, O'Brien TJ, Kaye AH, Loghin M, Melhem-Bertrandt A, Penas-Prado M, Zaidi T, Katz R, Lupica K, Stevens G, Ly I, Hamilton S, Rostomily R, Rockhill J, Mrugala M, Mandel J, Yust-Katz S, de Groot J, Yung A, Gilbert M, Burzynski S, Janicki T, Burzynski G, Marszalek A, Pachow D, Kliese N, Kirches E, Mawrin C, McNamara MG, Lwin Z, Jiang H, Chung C, Millar BA, Sahgal A, Laperriere N, Mason WP, Megyesi J, Salehi F, Merker V, Slusarz K, Muzikansky A, Francis S, Plotkin S, Mishima K, Adachi JI, Suzuki T, Uchida E, Yanagawa T, Watanabe Y, Fukuoka K, Yanagisawa T, Wakiya K, Fujimaki T, Nishikawa R, Moiyadi A, Kannan S, Sridhar E, Gupta T, Shetty P, Jalali R, Alshami J, Lecavalier-Barsoum M, Guiot MC, Tampieri D, Kavan P, Muanza T, Nagane M, Kobayashi K, Takayama N, Shiokawa Y, Nakamura H, Makino K, Hideo T, Kuroda JI, Shinojima N, Yano S, Kuratsu JI, Nambudiri N, Arrilaga I, Dunn I, Folkerth R, Chi S, Reardon D, Nayak L, Omuro A, DeAngelis L, Robins HI, Govindan R, Gadgeel S, Kelly K, Rigas J, Reimers HJ, Peereboom D, Rosenfeld S, Garst J, Ramnath N, Wing P, Zheng M, Urban P, Abrey L, Wen P, Nayak L, DeAngelis LM, Wen PY, Brandes AA, Soffietti R, Peereboom DM, Lin NU, Chamberlain M, Macdonald D, Galanis E, Perry J, Jaeckle K, Mehta M, Stupp R, van den Bent M, Reardon DA, Norden A, Hammond S, Drappatz J, Phuphanich S, Reardon D, Wong E, Plotkin S, Lesser G, Raizer J, Batchelor T, Lee E, Kaley T, Muzikansky A, Doherty L, LaFrankie D, Ruland S, Smith K, Gerard M, McCluskey C, Wen P, Norden A, Schiff D, Ahluwalia M, Lesser G, Nayak L, Lee E, Muzikansky A, Dietrich J, Smith K, Gaffey S, McCluskey C, Ligon K, Reardon D, Wen P, Bush NAO, Kesari S, Scott B, Ohno M, Narita Y, Miyakita Y, Arita H, Matsushita Y, Yoshida A, Fukushima S, Ichimura K, Shibui S, Okamura T, Kaneko S, Omuro A, Chinot O, Taillandier L, Ghesquieres H, Soussain C, Delwail V, Lamy T, Gressin R, Choquet S, Soubeyran P, Maire JP, Benouaich-Amiel A, Lebouvier-Sadot S, Gyan E, Barrie M, del Rio MS, Gonzalez-Aguilar A, Houllier C, Tanguy ML, Hoang-Xuan K, Omuro A, Abrey L, Raizer J, Paleologos N, Forsyth P, DeAngelis L, Kaley T, Louis D, Cairncross JG, Matasar M, Mehta J, Grimm S, Moskowitz C, Sauter C, Opinaldo P, Torcuator R, Ortiz LD, Cardona AF, Hakim F, Jimenez E, Yepes C, Useche N, Bermudez S, Mejia JA, Asencio JL, Carranza H, Vargas C, Otero JM, Lema M, Pace A, Villani V, Fabi A, Carapella CM, Patel A, Allen J, Dicker D, Sheehan J, El-Deiry W, Glantz M, Tsyvkin E, Rauschkolb P, Pentsova E, Lee M, Perez A, Norton J, Uschmann H, Chamczuck A, Khan M, Fratkin J, Rahman R, Hempfling K, Norden A, Reardon DA, Nayak L, Rinne M, Doherty L, Ruland S, Rai A, Rifenburg J, LaFrankie D, Wen P, Lee E, Ranjan T, Peters K, Vlahovic G, Friedman H, Desjardins A, Reveles I, Brenner A, Ruda R, Bello L, Castellano A, Bertero L, Bosa C, Trevisan E, Riva M, Donativi M, Falini A, Soffietti R, Saran F, Chinot OL, Henriksson R, Mason W, Wick W, Nishikawa R, Dahr S, Hilton M, Garcia J, Cloughesy T, Sasaki H, Nishiyama Y, Yoshida K, Hirose Y, Schwartz M, Grimm S, Kumthekar P, Fralin S, Rice L, Drawz A, Helenowski I, Rademaker A, Raizer J, Schwartz K, Chang H, Nikolai M, Kurniali P, Olson K, Pernicone J, Sweeley C, Noel M, Sharma M, Gupta R, Suri V, Singh M, Sarkar C, Shibahara I, Sonoda Y, Saito R, Kanamori M, Yamashita Y, Kumabe T, Watanabe M, Suzuki H, Watanabe T, Ishioka C, Tominaga T, Shih K, Chowdhary S, Rosenblatt P, Weir AB, Shepard G, Williams JT, Shastry M, Hainsworth JD, Singer S, Riely GJ, Kris MG, Grommes C, Sanders MWCB, Arik Y, Seute T, Robe PAJT, Leijten FSS, Snijders TJ, Sturla L, Culhane JJ, Donahue J, Jeyapalan S, Suchorska B, Jansen N, Wenter V, Eigenbrod S, Schmid-Tannwald C, Zwergal A, Niyazi M, Bartenstein P, Schnell O, Kreth FW, LaFougere C, Tonn JC, Taillandier L, Wittwer B, Blonski M, Faure G, De Carvalho M, Le Rhun E, Tanaka K, Sasayama T, Nishihara M, Mizukawa K, Kohmura E, Taylor S, Newell K, Graves L, Timmer M, Cramer C, Rohn G, Goldbrunner R, Turner S, Gergel T, Lacroix M, Toms S, Ueki K, Higuchi F, Sakamoto S, Kim P, Salgado MAV, Rueda AG, Urzaiz LL, Villanueva MG, Millan JMS, Cervantes ER, Pampliega RA, de Pedro MDA, Berrocal VR, Mena AC, van Zanten SV, Jansen M, van Vuurden D, Huisman M, Hoekstra O, van Dongen G, Kaspers GJ, Schlamann A, von Bueren AO, Hagel C, Kramm C, Kortmann RD, Muller K, Friedrich C, Muller K, von Hoff K, Kwiecien R, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Gerber NU, Hau P, Kuehl J, Kortmann RD, von Bueren AO, Rutkowski S, von Bueren AO, Friedrich C, von Hoff K, Kwiecien R, Muller K, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Kuehl J, Kortmann RD, Rutkowski S, Walker J, Tremont I, Armstrong T, Wang H, Jiang C, Wang H, Jiang C, Warren P, Robert S, Lahti A, White D, Reid M, Nabors L, Sontheimer H, Wen P, Yung A, Mellinghoff I, Lamborn K, Ramkissoon S, Cloughesy T, Rinne M, Omuro A, DeAngelis L, Gilbert M, Chi A, Batchelor T, Colman H, Chang S, Nayak L, Massacesi C, DiTomaso E, Prados M, Reardon D, Ligon K, Wong ET, Elzinga G, Chung A, Barron L, Bloom J, Swanson KD, Elzinga G, Chung A, Wong ET, Wu W, Galanis E, Wen P, Das A, Fine H, Cloughesy T, Sargent D, Yoon WS, Yang SH, Chung DS, Jeun SS, Hong YK, Yust-Katz S, Milbourne A, Diane L, Gilbert M, Armstrong T, Zaky W, Weinberg J, Fuller G, Ketonen L, McAleer MF, Ahmed N, Khatua S, Zaky W, Olar A, Stewart J, Sandberg D, Foresman L, Ketonen L, Khatua S. NEURO/MEDICAL ONCOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:iii98-iii135. [PMCID: PMC3823897 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
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Sargent D. 157 INVITED Cross-over in Oncology Clinical Trials – Statistical Issues. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)70372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sargent D, Shi Q, Yothers G, Van Cutsem E, Cassidy J, Saltz L, Wolmark N, Bot B, Grothey A, Buyse M, de Gramont A. Two or three year disease-free survival (DFS) as a primary end-point in stage III adjuvant colon cancer trials with fluoropyrimidines with or without oxaliplatin or irinotecan: data from 12,676 patients from MOSAIC, X-ACT, PETACC-3, C-06, C-07 and C89803. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:990-6. [PMID: 21257306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ACCENT group previously established disease-free survival (DFS) with 2 or 3 years median follow-up to predict 5 year overall survival (5 year OS) in stage II and III colon cancer. ACCENT further proposed (1) a stronger association between DFS and OS in stage III than II, and (2) 6 or 7 years necessary to demonstrate DFS/OS surrogacy in recent trials. The relationship between end-points in trials with oral fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin and irinotecan is unknown. METHODS Associations between the treatment effect hazard ratios (HRs) on 2 and 3 years DFS, and 5 and 6 years OS were examined in 6 phase III trials not included in prior analyses from 1997 to 2002. Individual data for 12,676 patients were analysed; two trials each tested oxaliplatin, irinotecan and oral treatment versus 5-FU/LV. FINDINGS Overall association between 2/3 year DFS and 5/6 year OS HRs was modest to poor (simple R² measures: 0.58-0.76, model-based R²: 0.17-0.49). In stage III patients, the association increased (model-based R² ≥ 0.79). Observed treatment effects on 2 year DFS accurately 5/6 year OS effects overall and in stage III patients. INTERPRETATION In recent trials of cytotoxic chemotherapy, 2 or 3 years DFS HRs are highly predictive of 5 and 6 years OS HRs in stage III but not stage II patients. In all patients the DFS/OS association is stronger for 6 year OS, thus at least 6 year follow-up is recommended to assess OS benefit. These data support DFS as the primary end-point for stage III colon cancer trials testing cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sargent
- NCCTG, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Zhao X, Sloan J, Yang P, Sargent D, Wampfler J, Shao Y. Baseline quality of life as a prognostic factor for overall survival in lung cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e19031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e19031 Background: Useful predictors of survival in cancer patients have been found including such as gender, race, age, marital status, state of disease and tumor location. We set to explore the prognostic value of baseline QOL assessments on overall survival in lung cancer patients. Methods: A total of 1,319 lung cancer patients were followed at Mayo Clinic between 1997 and 2007. Overall QOL was assessed by either Lung Cancer Symptom Scale (LCSS) or a single-item Linear Analogue Self Assessment (LASA) with comparable wording. QOL scores were transformed to a 0–100 scale with higher scores representing better status. Patients QOL scores assessed within the first 6 months of follow-up were dichotomized using a priori definition for clinically deficiency score (CDS, ≤50 vs. >50). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the distribution of survival times by QOL clinical deficient categorization. Cox Proportional Hazards Models were used to evaluate the prognostic importance of QOL on OS alone and in the presence of age, smoking category, gender, treatment, stage of disease, smoking cessation and years of consuming a pack every day. Results: Baseline QOL was significantly associated with OS univariately (HR=0.46 with p<0.0001 based on the CDS categorization). After controlling for all these other factors, the indication of a clinically deficient baseline QOL contributed significantly to the prediction of patient survival (p=0.0002; HR=0.67). Age, treatment, disease stage, smoking cessation and smoking category were also significant predictors of OS multivariately. The median survival for patients that had an overall QOL score less than the CDS (≤50) was 1.6 versus 4.6 years for patients with QOL >50. Conclusions: Baseline overall QOL measured by LCSS or LASA is a significant and independent prognostic factor for OS in lung cancer patients. A meaningful next step in this research is to investigate interventions to improve lung cancer patient QOL and thereby increase their likelihood of survival as well. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Zhao
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - J. Sloan
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - P. Yang
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - D. Sargent
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - J. Wampfler
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Y. Shao
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Tsikitis VL, Malireddy K, Green EA, Christensen B, Whelan R, Hyder J, Lauter D, Marcello P, Larach S, Sargent D, Nelson H. Postoperative surveillance recommendations for early-stage colon cancer based on results from the clinical outcomes of surgical therapy trial. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4013 Background: Intensive postoperative surveillance is associated with improved survival and recommended for patients with late stage (stage IIB & III) colon cancer. We hypothesized that stage I & IIA colon cancer patients would experience similar benefits. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from the Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy trial was performed by analyzing results according to TNM stage; early (stage I & IIA; 537 patients) and late (stage IIB & III; 254 patients) stage disease. Five-year recurrence rates were higher in patients with late (35.7%) versus early stage disease (9.5%). Early and late stage salvage rates, recurrence patterns and methods of first detection were compared by χ2 test. Results: Salvage rates for early and late stage disease patients with recurrence were the same (35.9% versus 37%, p=0.9 respectively). Median survival following second surgery after recurrence was 35.8 months late stage and 51.2 months for early stage patients respectively. Sites of first recurrence did not significantly differ between late and early stage disease: liver (37.4% vs. 27.2%); lung (29.7% vs.23.6%); intraabdominal (24.2% vs.10.9%); and locoregional (12.1% vs.10.9%). Methods of first detection of recurrence were also not significantly different: CEA (37.4% vs. 29.1%); CT scan (26.4% vs. 23.6%); chest X-ray (12.1% vs. 7.3%); and colonoscopy (8.8% vs. 12.7%), for late versus early stage disease, respectively. Conclusions: Patients with early stage colon cancer have similar sites of recurrence, and receive similar benefit from post-recurrence therapy as later stage patients; implementation of existing surveillance guidelines for early stage patients is appropriate. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. L. Tsikitis
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Midwest Surgical P.A., Wichita, KS; Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA; M. D. Anderson Orlando Cancer Center, Orlando, FL
| | - K. Malireddy
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Midwest Surgical P.A., Wichita, KS; Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA; M. D. Anderson Orlando Cancer Center, Orlando, FL
| | - E. A. Green
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Midwest Surgical P.A., Wichita, KS; Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA; M. D. Anderson Orlando Cancer Center, Orlando, FL
| | - B. Christensen
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Midwest Surgical P.A., Wichita, KS; Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA; M. D. Anderson Orlando Cancer Center, Orlando, FL
| | - R. Whelan
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Midwest Surgical P.A., Wichita, KS; Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA; M. D. Anderson Orlando Cancer Center, Orlando, FL
| | - J. Hyder
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Midwest Surgical P.A., Wichita, KS; Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA; M. D. Anderson Orlando Cancer Center, Orlando, FL
| | - D. Lauter
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Midwest Surgical P.A., Wichita, KS; Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA; M. D. Anderson Orlando Cancer Center, Orlando, FL
| | - P. Marcello
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Midwest Surgical P.A., Wichita, KS; Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA; M. D. Anderson Orlando Cancer Center, Orlando, FL
| | - S. Larach
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Midwest Surgical P.A., Wichita, KS; Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA; M. D. Anderson Orlando Cancer Center, Orlando, FL
| | - D. Sargent
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Midwest Surgical P.A., Wichita, KS; Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA; M. D. Anderson Orlando Cancer Center, Orlando, FL
| | - H. Nelson
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT; Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; Midwest Surgical P.A., Wichita, KS; Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA; Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA; M. D. Anderson Orlando Cancer Center, Orlando, FL
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Bardia A, Loprinzi C, Grothey A, Nelson G, Alberts S, Patiyil S, Thome S, Gill S, Sargent D. Adjuvant chemotherapy for resected stage II and III colon cancer: Comparison of widely used two prognostic calculators. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15031 Background: Two web based prognostic calculators, Adjuvant! and Numeracy (JCO 22:1797–1806, 2004) are widely used to provide individual patient outcome predictions to aid decisions regarding adjuvant therapy for colon cancer. The comparability of these tools has not been studied yet. The aim of this project was to assess whether the Numeracy and Adjuvant! Colon cancer prognostic tools produced similar results for patients with resected stage II and III colon cancer based on a set of hypothetical patients. Methods: All possible hypothetical scenarios were formulated for the Numeracy calculator based on all potential combinations of age, lymph nodes status, tumor stage, and grade of tumor. These were applied to three post- surgical therapy choices: observation, 5-FU (5-fluorouracil), or FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin and oxaliplatin). Predictions for these hypothetical scenarios (N= 192 for males and 192 for females) were also entered into the Adjuvant! Program. Predicted relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were obtained using both calculators. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare the numerical predictions between the calculators for each outcome. Results: In the majority of the 384 hypothetical patient scenarios, predictions for RFS and OS from Adjuvant! were statistically significantly higher than from Numeracy (p value < 0.05), except for age≥70 for FOLFOX, and the number of positive nodes of 0 and 1–4 using FOLFOX, among males. The net estimate of benefit for RFS and OS for 5-FU over surgery, obtained from Adjuvant! and Numeracy, were similar (for both males and females), but the benefit in RFS and OS for FOLFOX over 5-FU obtained from Adjuvant! was significantly lower than the estimate obtained from Numeracy (p value < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on a hypothetical set of patients with resected stage II and III colon cancer, the estimated benefit in RFS and OS of FOLFOX over 5-FU based chemotherapy is lower in Adjuvant! than in the Numeracy tool (but benefit for 5-FU over surgery alone is similar). Further studies are needed to clarify the discrepancy and to assess which of these tools most accurately reflects actual patient outcome. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bardia
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Oncology Hematology West, Omaha, NE; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C. Loprinzi
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Oncology Hematology West, Omaha, NE; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A. Grothey
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Oncology Hematology West, Omaha, NE; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - G. Nelson
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Oncology Hematology West, Omaha, NE; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S. Alberts
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Oncology Hematology West, Omaha, NE; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S. Patiyil
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Oncology Hematology West, Omaha, NE; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S. Thome
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Oncology Hematology West, Omaha, NE; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S. Gill
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Oncology Hematology West, Omaha, NE; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D. Sargent
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Oncology Hematology West, Omaha, NE; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Jackson McCleary NA, Meyerhardt J, Green E, Yothers G, de Gramont A, Van Cutsem E, O’Connell M, Twelves C, Saltz L, Sargent D. Impact of older age on the efficacy of newer adjuvant therapies in >12,500 patients (pts) with stage II/III colon cancer: Findings from the ACCENT Database. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4010 Background: Prior studies suggested that older and younger pts with colon cancer receive similar benefit from IV fluoropyrimidine (FU) adjuvant (adj) therapy (rx). Combination and/or oral FU rx are increasingly given as adj rx. We sought to determine the impact of pts age <70 v ≥70 yrs on colon cancer recurrence and mortality from adj rx with these newer options. Methods: We used data from 10,499 pts <70 yrs and 2,170 pts ≥70 yrs in 6 phase III adj rx trials comparing IV FU to combinations with irinotecan, oxaliplatin or oral FU (capecitabine and UFT/LV) in stage II/III colon cancer from the ACCENT database. Endpoints were overall survival (OS; time to death), disease-free survival (DFS; time to recurrence or death), and time to recurrence (TTR; censoring at last follow-up). Cox models were stratified by age and adjusted for gender and stage; interaction testing was used to explore the differential benefit by age. Results: Approximately 75% of pts had stage III disease (74% age<70, 77% age≥70). OS, DFS, and TTR were statistically significantly improved for those in the experimental v control arms among pts <70 but not those >70 ( table ); the interaction between age and rx was statistically significant for all endpoints (p=0.01 for OS, DFS, and TTR). These results were consistent whether experimental rx was oxaliplatin-based, irinotecan-based or oral FU. Deaths in first 6 month of adj rx were not statistically significantly different between experimental and control arm. Conclusions: Our results show conclusively that pts >70 do not receive the same benefit from combination and/or oral FU as those <70. Any benefit, if present, compared to IV FU/LV would not be clinically meaningful. Outcomes of experimental (combination or oral FU) vs control (IV 5-FU) by treatment and age [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Jackson McCleary
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - J. Meyerhardt
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - E. Green
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - G. Yothers
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - A. de Gramont
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - E. Van Cutsem
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - M. O’Connell
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - C. Twelves
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - L. Saltz
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - D. Sargent
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France; University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA; St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Gill S, Loprinzi C, Kennecke H, Grothey A, Nelson G, Woods R, Speers C, Alberts S, Bardia A, Sargent D. Analysis of prognostic (prog) Web-based models for stage II and III colon cancer (CC): A population-based validation of Numeracy (NUM) and ADJUVANT! Online (ADJ!). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4044 Background: To aid in decisions regarding adjuvant therapy (AT) for resected high-risk CC, two prog models are in common use: the Mayo Clinic NUM calculator developed from a pooled data analysis of 7 randomized 5FU-based AT trials, and ADJ! developed using SEER data. This study examines the accuracy of NUM and ADJ! utilizing a cohort of patients (pts) referred to the BC Cancer Agency (BCCA). Methods: Demographic, disease and treatment data for pts with stage II/III CC referred to the BCCA from 1995–1996 + 1999–2003 were collected. Observed (obs) 5-year relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared to predicted estimates (pred) using NUM and ADJ!, both overall and for all prog subgroups with ≥ 10pts, as stratified by T stage, N stage, tumor grade and age. Data are presented in a descriptive manner and using confidence intervals. Results: Median follow-up was 5.6 yrs for 2,033 pts - 53% male, median age 68y, 40% N0. The mean percentages of 5 year pred outcomes for each of the two models and the actual Kaplan Meier mean survivals are presented in the table . The percentage correct predictions of 5 y status is also presented, with correctness deemed accurate if the pt was alive and predicted to be alive by ≥ 50% as determined by each model or dead while the respective tool predicted < 50% possibility of being alive. For surgery alone pts, ADJ!pred were more often closer to what was observed, as compared to NUMpred, in the prog subgroups (for RFS 56%, OS 88%). For surgery + 5-FU pts, within these subgroups, NUMpred were more often closer to what was observed, as compared to ADJ!pred, for RFS (62%) and for OS (55%). Conclusions: In this independent population-based validation, NUM and ADJ! have acceptable and similar reliability with modest over-estimations of 5y RFS and OS. Both models thus appear to be useful adjuvant decision-aids. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gill
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - C. Loprinzi
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - H. Kennecke
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - A. Grothey
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - G. Nelson
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - R. Woods
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - C. Speers
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - S. Alberts
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - A. Bardia
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - D. Sargent
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Ford R, Schwartz L, Dancey J, Dodd LE, Eisenhauer EA, Gwyther S, Rubinstein L, Sargent D, Shankar L, Therasse P, Verweij J. Lessons learned from independent central review. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:268-74. [PMID: 19101138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Independent central review (ICR) is advocated by regulatory authorities as a means of independent verification of clinical trial end-points dependent on medical imaging, when the data from the trials may be submitted for licensing applications [Food and Drug Administration. United States food and drug administration guidance for industry: clinical trial endpoints for the approval of cancer drugs and biologics. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2007; Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. European Medicines Agency Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) guideline on the evaluation of anticancer medicinal products in man. London, UK: European Medicines Agency; 2006; United States Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Approval package for application number NDA 21-492 (oxaliplatin). Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2002; United States Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Approval package for application number NDA 21-923 (sorafenib tosylate). Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2005; United States Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Approval package for application number NDA 22-065 (ixabepilone). Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2007; United States Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Approval package for application number NDA 22-059 (lapatinib ditosylate). Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2007; United States Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. Approval package for BLA numbers 97-0260 and BLA Number 97-0244 (rituximab). Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 1997; United States Food and Drug Administration. FDA clinical review of BLA 98-0369 (Herceptin((R)) trastuzumab (rhuMAb HER2)). FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research; 1998; United States Food and Drug Administration. FDA Briefing Document Oncology Drugs Advisory Committee meeting NDA 21801 (satraplatin). Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2007; Thomas ES, Gomez HL, Li RK, et al. Ixabepilone plus capecitabine for metastatic breast cancer progressing after anthracycline and taxane treatment. JCO 2007(November):5210-7]. In addition, clinical trial sponsors have used ICR in Phase I-II studies to assist in critical pathway decisions including in-licensing of compounds [Cannistra SA, Matulonis UA, Penson RT, et al. Phase II study of bevacizumab in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer or peritoneal serous cancer. JCO 2007(November):5180-6; Perez EA, Lerzo G, Pivot X, et al. Efficacy and safety of ixabepilone (BMS-247550) in a phase II study of patients with advanced breast cancer resistant to an anthracycline, a taxane, and capecitabine. JCO 2007(August):3407-14; Vermorken JB, Trigo J, Hitt R, et al. Open-label, uncontrolled, multicenter phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of cetuximab as a single agent in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck who failed to respond to platinum-based therapy. JCO 2007(June):2171-7; Ghassan KA, Schwartz L, Ricci S, et al. Phase II study of sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. JCO 2006(September):4293-300; Boué F, Gabarre J, GaBarre J, et al. Phase II trial of CHOP plus rituximab in patients with HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. JCO 2006(September):4123-8; Chen HX, Mooney M, Boron M, et al. Phase II multicenter trial of bevacizumab plus fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with advanced refractory colorectal cancer: an NCI Treatment Referral Center Trial TRC-0301. JCO 2006(July):3354-60; Ratain MJ, Eisen T, Stadler WM, et al. Phase II placebo-controlled randomized discontinuation trial of sorafenib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. JCO 2006(June):2502-12; Jaffer AA, Lee FC, Singh DA, et al. Multicenter phase II trial of S-1 plus cisplatin in patients with untreated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. JCO 2006(February):663-7; Bouché O, Raoul JL, Bonnetain F, et al. Randomized multicenter phase II trial of a biweekly regimen of fluorouracil and leucovorin (LV5FU2), LV5FU2 plus cisplatin, or LV5FU2 plus irinotecan in patients with previously untreated metastatic gastric cancer: a Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive Group Study-FFCD 9803. JCO 2004(November):4319-28]. This article will focus on the definition and purpose of ICR and the issues and lessons learned in the ICR setting primarily in Phase II and III oncology studies. This will include a discussion on discordance between local and central interpretations, consequences of ICR, reader discordance during the ICR, operational considerations and the need for specific imaging requirements as part of the study protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ford
- RadPharm, 100 Overlook Center, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
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18
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Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, Dancey J, Arbuck S, Gwyther S, Mooney M, Rubinstein L, Shankar L, Dodd L, Kaplan R, Lacombe D, Verweij J. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer 2009. [PMID: 19097774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of the change in tumour burden is an important feature of the clinical evaluation of cancer therapeutics: both tumour shrinkage (objective response) and disease progression are useful endpoints in clinical trials. Since RECIST was published in 2000, many investigators, cooperative groups, industry and government authorities have adopted these criteria in the assessment of treatment outcomes. However, a number of questions and issues have arisen which have led to the development of a revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Evidence for changes, summarised in separate papers in this special issue, has come from assessment of a large data warehouse (>6500 patients), simulation studies and literature reviews. HIGHLIGHTS OF REVISED RECIST 1.1: Major changes include: Number of lesions to be assessed: based on evidence from numerous trial databases merged into a data warehouse for analysis purposes, the number of lesions required to assess tumour burden for response determination has been reduced from a maximum of 10 to a maximum of five total (and from five to two per organ, maximum). Assessment of pathological lymph nodes is now incorporated: nodes with a short axis of 15 mm are considered measurable and assessable as target lesions. The short axis measurement should be included in the sum of lesions in calculation of tumour response. Nodes that shrink to <10mm short axis are considered normal. Confirmation of response is required for trials with response primary endpoint but is no longer required in randomised studies since the control arm serves as appropriate means of interpretation of data. Disease progression is clarified in several aspects: in addition to the previous definition of progression in target disease of 20% increase in sum, a 5mm absolute increase is now required as well to guard against over calling PD when the total sum is very small. Furthermore, there is guidance offered on what constitutes 'unequivocal progression' of non-measurable/non-target disease, a source of confusion in the original RECIST guideline. Finally, a section on detection of new lesions, including the interpretation of FDG-PET scan assessment is included. Imaging guidance: the revised RECIST includes a new imaging appendix with updated recommendations on the optimal anatomical assessment of lesions. FUTURE WORK A key question considered by the RECIST Working Group in developing RECIST 1.1 was whether it was appropriate to move from anatomic unidimensional assessment of tumour burden to either volumetric anatomical assessment or to functional assessment with PET or MRI. It was concluded that, at present, there is not sufficient standardisation or evidence to abandon anatomical assessment of tumour burden. The only exception to this is in the use of FDG-PET imaging as an adjunct to determination of progression. As is detailed in the final paper in this special issue, the use of these promising newer approaches requires appropriate clinical validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Eisenhauer
- National Cancer Institute of Canada-Clinical Trials Group, 10 Stuart Street, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Eisenhauer E, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz L, Sargent D, Ford R, Dancey J, Arbuck S, Gwyther S, Mooney M, Rubenstein L, Shankar L, Kaplan R, Lacombe D, Verweij J. 32 INVITED New response evaluation criteria in solid tumors: revised RECIST guideline version 1.1. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)71964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Fleshman J, Sargent D, Green E, Anvari M, Stryker S, Beart R, Hellinger M, Flanagan R, Peters W, Nelson H. 31 INVITED Five year results from the COST trial testing laparoscopic versus open colectomy for colon cancer. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Grothey A, Sugrue M, Hedrick E, Purdie D, Chiruvolu P, Dong W, Sargent D, Kozloff M. 3021 POSTER Association between exposure to bevacizumab (BV) beyond first progression (BBP) and overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): results from a large observational study (BRiTE). EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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22
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Sargent D, Mandrekar S, Cui Y. 134 POSTER An adaptive phase I design for identifying a dose-outcome region for two drug combinations. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
3515 Background: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with 5Fluorouracil plus leucovorin (5FU/LV) have a median life expectancy (LE) of approximately12 months. The addition of irinotecan, oxaliplatin, bevacizumab and cetuximab has increased LE significantly. Although they have been widely adopted, little is known about the financial impact of these new drugs. Methods: Using published reports and aggregate data from NCCTG 9741, we developed a Markov Model which assumes forward progression through up to three lines of therapy compared to 5FU/LV alone. Patients who do not die of toxicity (tox) transition through supportive care prior to death. State changes are based on progression and dose-limiting toxicity. Drug costs are based on Average Sales Price. No other direct or indirect costs are included. Dose modifications for toxicity are defined as 80% of standard doses. Sensitivity analyses (SA) were performed on key variables. Results: LE, total drug costs, and cost-effectiveness (CE) ratios compared to single line-5FU/LV and FOLFOX for 9 commonly used treatement sequences are presented below. SA show that results are sensitive to progression rates,drug costs and length of time on supportive care. Changes in 1st line tox rates have a greater impact on final results than changes in 2nd or 3rd line therapy tox rates. Conclusions: Using drug costs alone, this model shows sequential combination therapy including all available agents to cost $2000-$2800K/week life gained ($100-$145K/year) compared to both 5FU/LV and FOLFOX. For clarity only 9 strategies are presented, but the model presented will contain multiple sequences consisting of 1–3 lines of therapy. Refined tox data, associated costs and quality of life adjustments are needed for realistic comparisons among specific combinations. Combination therapy may have CE ratios similar to other currently accepted intensive medical interventions. These data can help inform discussions of how the cost of care impacts patients, providers, and societies. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Wong
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - N. J. Meropol
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - D. Sargent
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - R. Goldberg
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - J. R. Beck
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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25
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Soares HP, Kumar A, Serdarevic F, Fiorica J, Wells RJ, Swann S, Buckner J, Sargent D, Hozo I, Djulbegovic B. Equipoise principle and NCI-sponsored clinical trials: Are investigators truly uncertain about their comparisons? J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. P. Soares
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - A. Kumar
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - F. Serdarevic
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - J. Fiorica
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - R. J. Wells
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - S. Swann
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - J. Buckner
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - D. Sargent
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - I. Hozo
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - B. Djulbegovic
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
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Djulbegovic B, Kumar A, Soares HP, Serdarevic F, Wells RJ, Fiorica J, Swann S, Buckner JC, Sargent D, Hozo I. A relationship between ethics of clinical trials and therapeutic advances in cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Djulbegovic
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Rsrch Inst, Tampa, FL; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Arcadia, CA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - A. Kumar
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Rsrch Inst, Tampa, FL; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Arcadia, CA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - H. P. Soares
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Rsrch Inst, Tampa, FL; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Arcadia, CA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - F. Serdarevic
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Rsrch Inst, Tampa, FL; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Arcadia, CA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - R. J. Wells
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Rsrch Inst, Tampa, FL; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Arcadia, CA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - J. Fiorica
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Rsrch Inst, Tampa, FL; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Arcadia, CA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - S. Swann
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Rsrch Inst, Tampa, FL; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Arcadia, CA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - J. C. Buckner
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Rsrch Inst, Tampa, FL; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Arcadia, CA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - D. Sargent
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Rsrch Inst, Tampa, FL; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Arcadia, CA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
| | - I. Hozo
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Rsrch Inst, Tampa, FL; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecology Oncology Group, Buffalo, NY; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Arcadia, CA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN; Univ of Indiana, Bloomington, IN
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Kumar A, Soares HP, Serdarevic F, Hozo I, Buckner JC, Wells RJ, Fiorica J, Swan S, Sargent D, Djulbegovic B. How many new treatments are “breakthroughs”? Evaluation of innovations in cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.6066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kumar
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Indiana Univ, Gary, IN; North Central Cancer Treatment Group Affiliation, Arcadia, CA; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecologic Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN
| | - H. P. Soares
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Indiana Univ, Gary, IN; North Central Cancer Treatment Group Affiliation, Arcadia, CA; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecologic Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN
| | - F. Serdarevic
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Indiana Univ, Gary, IN; North Central Cancer Treatment Group Affiliation, Arcadia, CA; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecologic Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN
| | - I. Hozo
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Indiana Univ, Gary, IN; North Central Cancer Treatment Group Affiliation, Arcadia, CA; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecologic Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN
| | - J. C. Buckner
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Indiana Univ, Gary, IN; North Central Cancer Treatment Group Affiliation, Arcadia, CA; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecologic Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN
| | - R. J. Wells
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Indiana Univ, Gary, IN; North Central Cancer Treatment Group Affiliation, Arcadia, CA; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecologic Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN
| | - J. Fiorica
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Indiana Univ, Gary, IN; North Central Cancer Treatment Group Affiliation, Arcadia, CA; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecologic Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN
| | - S. Swan
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Indiana Univ, Gary, IN; North Central Cancer Treatment Group Affiliation, Arcadia, CA; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecologic Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN
| | - D. Sargent
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Indiana Univ, Gary, IN; North Central Cancer Treatment Group Affiliation, Arcadia, CA; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecologic Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN
| | - B. Djulbegovic
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Research Inst, Tampa, FL; Indiana Univ, Gary, IN; North Central Cancer Treatment Group Affiliation, Arcadia, CA; Children’s Oncology Group, Arcadia, CA; Gynecologic Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, Philadelphia, PA; North Central Cancer Treatment Group, Rochester, MN
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Johnston PG, Benson A, Catalano P, Eapen S, Wolmark N, Sargent D, Mc Dermott U, Colangelo L, Wieand S, Goldberg R, Allegra C. The clinical significance of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in primary colorectal cancer: An Intergroup combined analysis. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.3510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. G. Johnston
- Queen’s Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; ECOG, Boston, MA; NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA; NCCTG, Rochester, MN
| | - A. Benson
- Queen’s Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; ECOG, Boston, MA; NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA; NCCTG, Rochester, MN
| | - P. Catalano
- Queen’s Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; ECOG, Boston, MA; NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA; NCCTG, Rochester, MN
| | - S. Eapen
- Queen’s Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; ECOG, Boston, MA; NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA; NCCTG, Rochester, MN
| | - N. Wolmark
- Queen’s Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; ECOG, Boston, MA; NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA; NCCTG, Rochester, MN
| | - D. Sargent
- Queen’s Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; ECOG, Boston, MA; NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA; NCCTG, Rochester, MN
| | - U. Mc Dermott
- Queen’s Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; ECOG, Boston, MA; NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA; NCCTG, Rochester, MN
| | - L. Colangelo
- Queen’s Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; ECOG, Boston, MA; NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA; NCCTG, Rochester, MN
| | - S. Wieand
- Queen’s Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; ECOG, Boston, MA; NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA; NCCTG, Rochester, MN
| | - R. Goldberg
- Queen’s Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; ECOG, Boston, MA; NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA; NCCTG, Rochester, MN
| | - C. Allegra
- Queen’s Univ Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; ECOG, Boston, MA; NSABP, Pittsburgh, PA; NCCTG, Rochester, MN
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Sloan JA, McLeod H, Sargent D, Zhao X, Fuchs C, Ramanathan R, Williamson S, Findlay B, Morton R, Goldberg RM. Preliminary evidence of relationship between genetic markers and oncology patient quality of life (QOL). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Sloan
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; National Cancer Institute of Canada, St. Catherines, ON, Canada; Iowa Oncology Research Associate CCOP, Des Moines, IA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - H. McLeod
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; National Cancer Institute of Canada, St. Catherines, ON, Canada; Iowa Oncology Research Associate CCOP, Des Moines, IA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - D. Sargent
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; National Cancer Institute of Canada, St. Catherines, ON, Canada; Iowa Oncology Research Associate CCOP, Des Moines, IA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - X. Zhao
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; National Cancer Institute of Canada, St. Catherines, ON, Canada; Iowa Oncology Research Associate CCOP, Des Moines, IA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - C. Fuchs
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; National Cancer Institute of Canada, St. Catherines, ON, Canada; Iowa Oncology Research Associate CCOP, Des Moines, IA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - R. Ramanathan
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; National Cancer Institute of Canada, St. Catherines, ON, Canada; Iowa Oncology Research Associate CCOP, Des Moines, IA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - S. Williamson
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; National Cancer Institute of Canada, St. Catherines, ON, Canada; Iowa Oncology Research Associate CCOP, Des Moines, IA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - B. Findlay
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; National Cancer Institute of Canada, St. Catherines, ON, Canada; Iowa Oncology Research Associate CCOP, Des Moines, IA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - R. Morton
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; National Cancer Institute of Canada, St. Catherines, ON, Canada; Iowa Oncology Research Associate CCOP, Des Moines, IA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - R. M. Goldberg
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS; National Cancer Institute of Canada, St. Catherines, ON, Canada; Iowa Oncology Research Associate CCOP, Des Moines, IA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Alberts S, Donohue J, Mahoney M, Horvath W, Sternfield W, Dakhil S, Levitt R, Rowland K, Sargent D, Goldberg R. 259 Patterns of failure after liver resectionin patients receiving FOLFOX4 for metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) limited to the liver: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) phase II study. EJC Suppl 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(03)90292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Nelson H, Petrelli N, Carlin A, Couture J, Fleshman J, Guillem J, Miedema B, Ota D, Sargent D. Guidelines 2000 for colon and rectal cancer surgery. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93:583-96. [PMID: 11309435 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/93.8.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 921] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncologic resection techniques affect outcome for colon cancer and rectal cancer, but standardized guidelines have not been adopted. The National Cancer Institute sponsored a panel of experts to systematically review current literature and to draft guidelines that provide uniform definitions, principles, and practices. METHODS Methods were similar to those described by the American Society of Clinical Oncology in developing practice guidelines. Experts representing oncology and surgery met to review current literature on oncologic resection techniques for level of evidence (I-V, where I is the best evidence and V is the least compelling) and grade of recommendation (A-D, where A is based on the best evidence and D is based on the weakest evidence). Initial guidelines were drafted, reviewed, and accepted by consensus. RESULTS For the following seven factors, the level of evidence was II, III, or IV, and the findings were generally consistent (grade B): anatomic definition of colon versus rectum, tumor-node-metastasis staging, radial margins, adjuvant R0 stage, inadvertent rectal perforation, distal and proximal rectal margins, and en bloc resection of adherent tumors. For another seven factors, the level of evidence was II, III, or IV, but findings were inconsistent (grade C): laparoscopic colectomy; colon lymphadenectomy; level of proximal vessel ligation, mesorectal excision, and extended lateral pelvic lymph node dissection (all three for rectal cancer); no-touch technique; and bowel washout. For the other four factors, there was little or no systematic empirical evidence (grade D): abdominal exploration, oophorectomy, extent of colon resection, and total length of rectum resected. CONCLUSIONS The panel reports surgical guidelines and definitions based on the best available evidence. The availability of more standardized information in the future should allow for more grade A recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nelson
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Mittl PR, Deillon C, Sargent D, Liu N, Klauser S, Thomas RM, Gutte B, Grütter MG. The retro-GCN4 leucine zipper sequence forms a stable three-dimensional structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:2562-6. [PMID: 10716989 PMCID: PMC15968 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.6.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of whether a protein whose natural sequence is inverted adopts a stable fold is still under debate. We have determined the 2. 1-A crystal structure of the retro-GCN4 leucine zipper. In contrast to the two-stranded helical coiled-coil GCN4 leucine zipper, the retro-leucine zipper formed a very stable, parallel four-helix bundle, which now lends itself to further structural and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Mittl
- Biochemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurer Strasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Stewart P, Pagano J, Sargent D, Darvill T, Lonky E, Reihman J. Effects of Great Lakes fish consumption on brain PCB pattern, concentration, and progressive-ratio performance. Environ Res 2000; 82:18-32. [PMID: 10677143 DOI: 10.1006/enrs.1999.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of consumption of Great Lakes fish on progressive ratio performance, and on the pattern and concentrations of brain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE), and mirex in the rat. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 30% diet of either Lake Ontario salmon (LAKE), Pacific Ocean salmon, or lab chow control for 20 or 65 days. Following the treatment regimen, half the rats from each group were sacrificed immediately for gas chromatographic analysis of organochlorine contaminants, and the other half were tested on a multiple fixed-ratio-progressive-ratio reinforcement schedule and then sacrificed for analysis. Consumption of Lake Ontario fish resulted in significantly higher levels of brain PCBs, DDE, and mirex relative to controls, but still well within human exposure ranges (<1 microg/g fat). Consumption of Lake Ontario fish for 20 or 65 days produced an average brain PCB concentration of 457 and 934 ng/g fat, respectively. Consumption of laboratory rat chow or Pacific Ocean salmon for 20 or 65 days produced an average brain PCB concentration of 240, 464, and 441 ng/g fat, respectively. Moreover, both LAKE-fed groups showed a much more heavily chlorinated pattern of brain PCBs than all control groups, as evidenced by both significant increases in the most heavily chlorinated PCB congeners and significant increases in the average chlorine biphenyl. All LAKE brains contained significant concentrations of DDE and mirex, whereas no control brains contained any detectable quantities. Analysis of progressive-ratio performance indicated that LAKE rats responded normally during fixed-ratio schedules but quit significantly sooner than control rats on a progressive-ratio 5 (PR5) schedule, indicating reduced persistence on progressively leaner reinforcement schedules. Analysis of brain PCBs indicated that total PCBs were most strongly related to PR5 performance. These data indicate that consumption by rats of contaminated Lake Ontario fish produces (1) increased concentrations of PCBs, DDE, and mirex in the brain, (2) a more heavily chlorinated distribution of PCBs in the brain, and (3) reduced persistence of progressive-ratio reinforcement schedules. While these behavioral changes are related to brain PCB level, more work is necessary before the effects can be directly attributed to PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stewart
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, NY 13126, USA
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Seifer C, McNeill B, O’Donnell M, Daly K, Kellett J, McGee HM, Montogomery AJ, O’Callaghan D, Horgan JH, Mahon NG, Codd M, Brennan J, Egan B, McCann HA, Sugrue DD, Menown IBA, Patterson RSHW, McMechan SR, Hameed S, Adgey AAJ, Baird SH, McBride SJ, Trouton TG, Wilson C, McRedmond JP, Fitzgerald DJ, Crowley JJ, Tanguay JF, Santos RM, Stack RS, Mahon NG, Keelan P, McCann HA, Sugrue DD, McKenna CJ, AuBuchon R, Camrud AR, Holmes DR, Schwartz RS, McKenna CJ, Camrud AR, Wolff R, Edwards WD, Holmes DR, Schwartz RS, Hanratty C, McAuley D, Young I, Murtagh G, O’Keeffe B, Richardson G, Scott M, Chew EW, Bailie NA, Graham AMJ, O’Kane H, McKenna CJ, Kwon HM, Ellis L, Holmes DR, Virmani R, Schwartz RS, Noelke L, Wood AE, Javadpour H, Veerasingham D, Wood AE, O’Kane D, Allen JD, Adgey AAJ, Hennessy T, Johnson P, Hildick-Smith D, Winter E, Shapiro L, McKenna CJ, Edwards WD, Lerman A, Holmes DR, Schwartz RS, McGrath LT, Passmore P, Silke B, McAuley D, Nugent AG, McGurk C, Hanratty C, Maguire S, Johnston GD, McAuley D, Nugent AG, McGurk C, Hanratty C, Maguire S, Johnston GD, Lovell SL, McDowell G, McEneany D, Riley MS, Nicholls DP, Gilligan D, Sargent D, Dan D, Gilligan D, Elam G, Rhee B, Keane D, Zhou L, McGovern B, Garan H, Ruskin J, O’Shea JC, Tan HC, Zidar JP, Stack RS, Crowley JJ, O’Keeffe DB, Graffin S, Fitzsimmons D, Brown S, Duff D, Denham B, Woods F, Neligan M, Oslizlok P, Connolly CK, Danton MHD, O’Kane H, Danton M, Gladstone DJ, Craig B, Mulholland HC, Casey F, Chaudhuri S, Hinchion J, Wood AE, Hinchion J, Wood AE, Menown IBA, Patterson RHSW, MacKenzie G, Adgey AAJ, Harbinson MT, Burgess LM, Moohan V, McEneaney DJ, Adgey AAJ, Menown IBA, MacKenzie G, Patterson RSHW, Adgey AAJ, Finnegan OC, Doherty L, Silke B, Riddell JG, Meleady R, Daly L, Graham I, Quinn M, Foley B, Lee J, Mulvihill N, Crean P, Walsh M, O’Morain C, Quinn M, Crean P, Foley B, Walsh M, Hynes C, King SM, David S, Newton H, Maguire M, Rafferty F, Horgan JH, Sullivan PA, Murphy D, Gallagher S, Menown IBA, Allen J, Anderson JM, Adgey AAJ, Dan D, Hoag J, Eckberg D, Gilligan D, Galvin J, Garan H, McGovern B, Ruskin J, Mahon NG, Diamond P, Neilan T, Keelan E, H. A., McCarthy C, Sugrue DD, Harbinson MT, Moohan VP, McEneaney DJ, Burgess LM, Anderson JM, Ayers GM, Adgey AAJ, Roberts M, Burgess L, Anderson C, Wilson C, Khan M, Clements IP, Miller WL, Seifer C, O’Donnell M, McNeill B, Daly K, Turtle F, McDowell G, Long H, McNair W, Campbell NPS, Mathew TP, Turtle F, Smye M, Nesbitt GS, Young IS, Adgey AAJ, Meleady R, Mulcahy D, Graham IM, Moore D, Menown IBA, McMechan SR, MacKenzie G, Adgey AAJ, Diamond P, Sugrue D, Codd MB, Galvin J, Zimmerman P, Winget J, Capeless M, Galvin J, Garan H, McGovern B, Ruskin J, McKelvey TA, Danton MHD, Sarsam MIA, McEneaney D, Roberts M, Burgess L, Anderson C, Wilson C, Khan M. Irish cardiac society. Ir J Med Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02937898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Daly HB, Stewart PW, Lunkenheimer L, Sargent D. Maternal consumption of Lake Ontario salmon in rats produces behavioral changes in the offspring. Toxicol Ind Health 1998; 14:25-39. [PMID: 9460168 DOI: 10.1177/074823379801400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study assessed the effects of maternal, paternal, or combined parental consumption of Lake Ontario salmon in rats on the behavior of their offspring. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were put on a 30 day diet of either ground rat chow containing 30% Lake Ontario salmon (LAKE) or 30% Pacific Ocean salmon (OCEAN). These females were then mated with adult male rats similarly exposed (LAKE or OCEAN). An additional control group of males and females who were fed ground rat chow (MASH) only were also mated. These pairing combinations resulted in five offspring groups: LAKE-LAKE, LAKE-OCEAN, OCEAN-LAKE, OCEAN-OCEAN, MASH-MASH. When the offspring reached 80 days of age, they were tested for reactivity to frustrative nonreward using runway successive negative contrast, which has been repeatedly shown to be increased in adult rats fed Ontario salmon. Consistent with previous work, results showed that the behavior of the OCEAN-OCEAN rats did not differ from the MASH-MASH group, indicating that a salmon diet per se does not cause behavioral change. However, the offspring of dams who consumed Lake Ontario salmon (LAKE-LAKE and OCEAN-LAKE) showed an increased depression effect relative to controls. There was little evidence of a paternal effect. A follow-up experiment employed cross-fostering to determine the relative contribution of pre- and/or postnatal exposure to Lake Ontario salmon consumption on offspring behavior. Rat pups were cross-fostered to or from dams who consumed Lake Ontario salmon during gestation and parturition. Results from two separate replications indicated that prenatal (LAKE to OCEAN) exposure alone or postnatal (OCEAN to LAKE) exposure alone produced a large increase in successive negative contrast relative to controls (OCEAN to OCEAN). These data are strong evidence of behavioral changes produced by maternal consumption of Lake Ontario salmon in the offspring rat. Further, they indicate that either prenatal or postnatal exposure alone is sufficient to produce behavioral changes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Daly
- Center for Neurobehavioral Effects of Environmental Toxics, State University of New York at Oswego 13126, USA.
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Clare MW, Sargent D, Ratzlaff L, Judd J. Work redesign. Data analysis and clinical pathways pay off. Strateg Healthc Excell 1996; 9:8-12. [PMID: 10159921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Daly H, Darvill T, Lonky E, Reihman J, Sargent D. Behavioral effects of prenatal and adult exposure to toxic chemicals found in Lake Ontario fish: two methodological approaches. Toxicol Ind Health 1996; 12:419-26. [PMID: 8843558 DOI: 10.1177/074823379601200313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Two research approaches are described that were used to determine behavioral changes following a diet of Lake Ontario fish. Approach 1 involved the correlational method, in which human subjects voluntarily ate contaminated Lake Ontario fish. Demographic information, data on the amount of Lake Ontario fish consumed, and control variables were obtained during an interview. Respondents' behavior, as well as the behavior of their children, then was measured. Because subjects were not assigned randomly to eat or not eat Lake Ontario fish, other variables that might have influenced both consumption of fish and behavior had to be considered. Therefore, confounding variables were measured and their influence controlled for using statistical techniques. Approach 2 involved the experimental method using laboratory rats, where subjects were assigned randomly to receive a diet of environmentally contaminated Lake Ontario salmon, relatively uncontaminated Pacific Ocean salmon, or no salmon. Since the rats fed Lake Ontario salmon behaved differently than the other two groups on nine tasks, it was concluded that the contaminants in Lake Ontario salmon caused behavioral changes. Random assignment of subjects to groups eliminated competing explanations. If similar behavioral (e.g., emotional or cognitive) results were obtained using the two approaches, then the results utilizing rats probably could be generalized to humans, and the correlational results found in humans probably were due to a cause and effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Daly
- Center for Neurobehavioral Effects of Environmental Toxins, State University of New York, Oswego, USA
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Clare M, Sargent D, Moxley R, Forthman T. Reducing health care delivery costs using clinical paths: a case study on improving hospital profitability. J Health Care Finance 1995; 21:48-58. [PMID: 7600238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The process of merging and benchmarking clinical and financial data is pivotal to the development of appropriate clinical pathways. Bristol Regional Medical Center (BRMC), facing the challenge of managed care organizations (MCOs), instituted this process and achieved significant cost savings, largely because of the working partnership between the administration and its medical staff. In DRG 89, Simple Pneumonia and Pleurisy, Age Greater than 17 with CC, data adjusted for severity of illness and cost of living were furnished to BRMC by HCIA Inc. Major benchmark or "best practice" variations were incorporated into new clinical pathways, leading to decreased resource use, no compromise in the quality of care, and a beneficial halo effect on other unrelated DRGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Clare
- HCIA Inc., Carpinteria, California, USA
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Sekla L, Milley D, Stackiw W, Sisler J, Drew J, Sargent D. Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in ground beef--Manitoba. Can Dis Wkly Rep 1990; 16:103-5. [PMID: 2192806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Sekla
- Calham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba
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Thomas GJ, Becka R, Sargent D, Yu MH, King J. Conformational stability of P22 tailspike proteins carrying temperature-sensitive folding mutations. Biochemistry 1990; 29:4181-7. [PMID: 2141794 DOI: 10.1021/bi00469a022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The thermostable tailspike endorhamnosidase of Salmonella phage P22 provides a model system for comparing the role of amino acid sequences in determining the intracellular folding pathway with their role in stabilizing the mature structural protein. Complete Raman band assignments are given here for the native form of the tailspike trimer in aqueous solution. Once correctly folded and assembled, the wild-type and two well-characterized mutant proteins, tsfIle258----Leu and tsfGly323----Asp, exhibit the same secondary structure in solution, consisting predominantly of beta-strand (56 +/- 5%) and turns (17 +/- 2%). Raman bands that are sensitive indicators of hydrogen-bonding interactions of tyrosine (phenolic OH) and tryptophan (indole NH) are unchanged between 30 and 80 degrees C in both wild type and tsf mutants. Similarly, Raman bands that are sensitive to changes in the hydrophobic environment of nonpolar side chains exhibit no significant temperature dependence in wild type and tsf mutants. In contrast, these conformational features are greatly altered by chemical denaturation of the tailspike with lithium halide and guanidine hydrochloride. In the chemically denatured tailspike, the beta-strand structure is substantially converted to irregular or "random coil" conformation. These findings confirm conclusions from physiological studies that the three-dimensional structures of the tsf mutants, once stabilized at permissive temperatures, are equivalent to the native structure of the wild type, and this structure is maintained at temperatures far above those that block the folding of the chain into the final native conformation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Thomas
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Basic Life Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City
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Sargent D, Benevides JM, Yu MH, King J, Thomas GJ. Secondary structure and thermostability of the phage P22 tailspike. XX. Analysis by Raman spectroscopy of the wild-type protein and a temperature-sensitive folding mutant. J Mol Biol 1988; 199:491-502. [PMID: 2965250 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The thermostable tailspike endorhamnosidase of bacteriophage P22 has been investigated by laser Raman spectroscopy to determine the protein's secondary structure and the basis of its thermostability. The conformation of the native tailspike, determined by Raman amide I and amide III band analyses, is 52 to 61% beta-sheet, 24 to 27% alpha-helix, 15 to 21% beta-turn and 0 to 10% other structure types. The secondary structure of the wild-type tailspike, as monitored by the conformation-sensitive Raman amide bands, was stable to 80 degrees C, denatured reversibly between 80 and 90 degrees C, and irreversibly above 90 degrees C. The purified native form of a temperature-sensitive folding mutant (tsU38) contains secondary structures virtually identical to those in the wild-type in aqueous solution at physiological conditions (0.05 M-Na+ (pH 7.5], at both permissive (20 degrees C) and restrictive (40 degrees C) temperatures. This supports previous results showing that the mutational defect at 40 degrees C affects intermediates in the folding pathway rather than the native structure. At temperatures above 60 degrees C the wild-type and mutant forms were distinguishable: the reversible and irreversible denaturation thresholds were approximately 15 to 20 degrees C lower in the mutant than in the wild-type protein. The irreversible denaturation of the mutant tailspikes led to different aggregation/polymerization products from the wild-type, indicating that the mutation altered the unfolding pathway. In both cases only a small percentage of the native secondary structure was altered by irreversible thermal denaturation, indicating that the aggregated states retain considerable native structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sargent
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Basic Life Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City 64110
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Incardona NL, Prescott B, Sargent D, Lamba OP, Thomas GJ. Phage phi X174 probed by laser Raman spectroscopy: evidence for capsid-imposed constraint on DNA secondary structure. Biochemistry 1987; 26:1532-8. [PMID: 2954582 DOI: 10.1021/bi00380a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Raman spectrum of the isometric bacteriophage phi X174 contains a number of well-resolved bands which have been assigned unambiguously to proteins of the capsid or to the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome. Additional Raman bands of protein and DNA, which are partially overlapped in the spectrum of virus, have been resolution enhanced by Fourier deconvolution to permit improved semiquantitative measurement of spectral intensities and frequencies for structural conclusions. Raman conformation markers indicate that the ssDNA molecule within the capsid contains nucleosides of C2'-endo sugar pucker and anti-glycoside bond orientation, but the nucleic acid backbone lacks the geometry characteristic of B-form DNA. The Raman profile of encapsidated phi X DNA indicates a backbone more similar to heat-denatured DNA than to DNA containing hairpinlike secondary structure. This finding suggests limited interbase interactions in the packaged genome, which is presumably the result of constraints imposed by the viral capsid. Thus, the extensive pairing and stacking of bases indicated by Raman profiles from ssRNA viruses are not evident for the phi X174 chromosome. Overall, the proteins of the virion contain extensive beta-sheet and irregular secondary structures. Fourier deconvolution of the Raman amide I band provides an estimate of the percentage of total beta-sheet structure (approximately 60%) in all proteins of the virion. The amide III region of the spectrum confirms that beta-sheet and irregular domains are the predominant protein secondary structures. Samples of phi X174 concentrated for Raman spectroscopy by either ultracentrifugation or ultrafiltration exhibit nearly identical Raman spectra, indicating that either method can be employed to prepare intact virus without significant loss of DNA or protein components.
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Abstract
Pulmonary vasculitis is an infrequent complication of ulcerative colitis. The patient reported herein had biopsy-proven pulmonary vasculitis on two occasions, associated with flares in ulcerative colitis. The diagnosis of this entity is best made by open lung biopsy. Corticosteroid therapy appears to be a rational first step in the management of this condition.
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Sargent D, Mease E, Howard JF. The diagnosis of viral pneumonitis in a compromised host: is an aggressive approach warranted? N C Med J 1985; 46:245-6. [PMID: 3857473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Sargent D. Suicide most dramatic symptom of physician impairment. Mich Med 1983; 82:286-8. [PMID: 6633283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sargent D, Wright BE. Trehalose synthesis during differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum. II. In vivo flux determinations. J Biol Chem 1971; 246:5340-4. [PMID: 4937661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Haslam E, Turner MJ, Sargent D, Thompson RS. The shikimate pathway. Part I. Introduction; preparation of stereospecifically labelled 2-deuterio-derivatives of 3-dehydroquinic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1039/j39710001489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
(1) Three types of natural-rubber vulcanizates have been treated under specific reclaiming conditions. The resultant products have been examined particularly for the manner of sulfur combination and for chloroform extract. The normally accepted, non-reverting tetramethylthiuram disulfide type stock was found to be by far the most amenable to plasticization by thermal agencies. This observation is more or less in line with conclusions of van Amerongen, drawn from a recent study of the oxidative and non-oxidative thermal degradation of rubber. A natural pure-gum type, cured with tetramethylthiuram disulfide only, when heated in the absence of oxygen, at temperatures up to 175° C, was found to revert much more than a similar type cured with 1.0 per cent Santocure and 2 per cent sulfur. Swelling in benzene, after heating 3 days at 150° C, increased considerably with the former, whereas with the latter it remained unchanged. This greater “devulcanizing tendency” is explained on the basis of the tetramethylthiuram disulfide type having comparatively few crosslinks and no free sulfur to form additional ones, hence, “… if any links are broken down, a seemingly unvulcanized rubber results. …” The access of air under the reclaiming conditions used in our work would certainly be limited, and the highly plastic stocks obtained are to be expected in the light of the reference cited. Finally, van Amerongen concludes that in the absence of oxygen, it is inadvisable to use tetramethylthiuram disulfide vulcanizates where thermal stability is important. Mercaptobenzothiazole and rubber/sulfur types did not show any very significant differences in plasticization. (2) Considerable increases in zinc sulfide resulted in all cases, even when free sulfur was virtually removed before reclaiming, and in the latter instance there appears to be a reduction in rubber combined sulfur. In general, the changes are in line with those reported elsewhere in the reversion of natural and Butyl vulcanizates. (3) In all reclaims made, the ratio of sulfur in the chloroform-insoluble rubber to that in the soluble portion is very much lower than that previously published elsewhere. The comparison is not necessarily sound since the products tested are not technical reclaims, and generally the chloroform extracts were of a low order. (4) Under the highly reverting thermal conditions employed in this work, plasticization was generally inferior. This perhaps supports the theory that reclaiming is essentially a depolymerization process associated with traces of oxygen. The line of demarcation between reclaiming and reversion is by no means well defined. Since reclaiming treatments are normally much more severe than those needed to induce the characteristics of reversion, it may well be that reversion is only one factor in the mechanism of reclaiming, but it is a factor which cannot be ignored in any comprehensive consideration of devulcanization.
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