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Hernández-Huirache HG, Armenta-Medina D, Rodea-Montero ER. Clinical, Immunological and Inflammatory Characteristics among Mexican Children with Different Subtypes of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Exploring the Correlation between Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (anti-CCP) and Rheumatoid Factor (RF). Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:151-162. [PMID: 38391002 PMCID: PMC10885026 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in childhood, affecting one to four of every 1000 children worldwide. It is characterized by joint inflammation lasting more than six weeks in children under 16 years. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of JIA subtypes in the Mexican patient population; compare clinical, immunological and inflammation markers by JIA subtype; and examine the correlation between these variables. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 50 patients with JIA (2-15 years). We estimated the frequency of each JIA subtype, assessed and compared the immunological characteristics (RF, ANA and anti-CCP) by JIA subtype at the time of diagnosis using Kruskal-Wallis or chi-square tests, and calculated Spearman correlation coefficients between the assessments. RESULTS Our analysis included 50 patients, 29 (58%) girls and 21 (42%) boys, aged at the time of diagnosis 10.56 ± 3.99 years. The frequencies of JIA subtypes were RF-seropositive polyarthritis (34%), RF-seronegative polyarthritis (28%), systemic arthritis (16%), oligoarthritis (14%) and arthritis-related enthesitis (8%). We found a significant association between sex and JIA subtype (p = 0.014). There was a significant difference in anti-CCP levels by JIA subtype (p < 0.001). We also detected positive correlations between RF and anti-CCP (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) and between age and anti-CCP (r = 0.29, p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the frequency of the polyarticular subtypes of JIA is higher in Mexican children compared to other populations. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the presence of anti-CCP and RF as important criteria when deciding on treatment for JIA patients as elevated levels of these antibodies may indicate early forms of adult rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagoberto Armenta-Medina
- CONAHCyT Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
- INFOTEC Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación, Aguascalientes 20326, Mexico
| | - Edel Rafael Rodea-Montero
- Department of Research, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, León 37544, Mexico
- UPIIG, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Silao de la Victoria 36275, Mexico
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Armenta-Medina D, Brambila-Tapia AJL, Miranda-Jiménez S, Rodea-Montero ER. A Web Application for Biomedical Text Mining of Scientific Literature Associated with Coronavirus-Related Syndromes: Coronavirus Finder. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:887. [PMID: 35453935 PMCID: PMC9028729 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a web application was developed that comprises scientific literature associated with the Coronaviridae family, specifically for those viruses that are members of the Genus Betacoronavirus, responsible for emerging diseases with a great impact on human health: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2). The information compiled on this webserver aims to understand the basics of these viruses' infection, and the nature of their pathogenesis, enabling the identification of molecular and cellular components that may function as potential targets on the design and development of successful treatments for the diseases associated with the Coronaviridae family. Some of the web application's primary functions are searching for keywords within the scientific literature, natural language processing for the extraction of genes and words, the generation and visualization of gene networks associated with viral diseases derived from the analysis of latent semantic space, and cosine similarity measures. Interestingly, our gene association analysis reveals drug targets in understudies, and new targets suggested in the scientific literature to treat coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagoberto Armenta-Medina
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico;
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (INFOTEC), Aguascalientes 20326, Mexico
| | | | - Sabino Miranda-Jiménez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico;
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (INFOTEC), Aguascalientes 20326, Mexico
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Tokizawa M, Enomoto T, Ito H, Wu L, Kobayashi Y, Mora-Macías J, Armenta-Medina D, Iuchi S, Kobayashi M, Nomoto M, Tada Y, Fujita M, Shinozaki K, Yamamoto YY, Kochian LV, Koyama H. High affinity promoter binding of STOP1 is essential for early expression of novel aluminum-induced resistance genes GDH1 and GDH2 in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:2769-2789. [PMID: 33481007 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Malate efflux from roots, which is regulated by the transcription factor STOP1 (SENSITIVE-TO-PROTON-RHIZOTOXICITY1) and mediates aluminum-induced expression of ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED-MALATE-TRANSPORTER1 (AtALMT1), is critical for aluminum resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Several studies showed that AtALMT1 expression in roots is rapidly observed in response to aluminum; this early induction is an important mechanism to immediately protect roots from aluminum toxicity. Identifying the molecular mechanisms that underlie rapid aluminum resistance responses should lead to a better understanding of plant aluminum sensing and signal transduction mechanisms. In this study, we observed that GFP-tagged STOP1 proteins accumulated in the nucleus soon after aluminum treatment. The rapid aluminum-induced STOP1-nuclear localization and AtALMT1 induction were detected in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor, suggesting that post-translational regulation is involved in these events. STOP1 also regulated rapid aluminum-induced expression for other genes that carry a functional/high-affinity STOP1-binding site in their promoter, including STOP2, GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE1 and 2 (GDH1 and 2). However STOP1 did not regulate Al resistance genes which have no functional STOP1-binding site such as ALUMINUM-SENSITIVE3, suggesting that the binding of STOP1 in the promoter is essential for early induction. Finally, we report that GDH1 and 2 which are targets of STOP1, are novel aluminum-resistance genes in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsutomo Tokizawa
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Takuo Enomoto
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ito
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Liujie Wu
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- University of Warwick, UK
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Javier Mora-Macías
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Dagoberto Armenta-Medina
- CONACyT Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Dirección de Cátedras, Insurgentes Sur 1582, Crédito Constructor, 03940 Ciudad de México, México
- INFOTEC Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Tecnologías de la Informacion y Comunicación, Circuito Tecnopolo Sur No 112, Fracc. Tecnopolo Pocitos II, 20313 Aguascalientes, México
| | - Satoshi Iuchi
- RIKEN Bioresource Research Center, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | | | - Mika Nomoto
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Miki Fujita
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Y Yamamoto
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Leon V Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Perez-Rueda E, Hernandez-Guerrero R, Martinez-Nuñez MA, Armenta-Medina D, Sanchez I, Ibarra JA. Abundance, diversity and domain architecture variability in prokaryotic DNA-binding transcription factors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195332. [PMID: 29614096 PMCID: PMC5882156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene regulation at the transcriptional level is a central process in all organisms, and DNA-binding transcription factors, known as TFs, play a fundamental role. This class of proteins usually binds at specific DNA sequences, activating or repressing gene expression. In general, TFs are composed of two domains: the DNA-binding domain (DBD) and an extra domain, which in this work we have named “companion domain” (CD). This latter could be involved in one or more functions such as ligand binding, protein-protein interactions or even with enzymatic activity. In contrast to DBDs, which have been widely characterized both experimentally and bioinformatically, information on the abundance, distribution, variability and possible role of the CDs is scarce. Here, we investigated these issues associated with the domain architectures of TFs in prokaryotic genomes. To this end, 19 families of TFs in 761 non-redundant bacterial and archaeal genomes were evaluated. In this regard we found four main groups based on the abundance and distribution in the analyzed genomes: i) LysR and TetR/AcrR; ii) AraC/XylS, SinR, and others; iii) Lrp, Fis, ArsR, and others; and iv) a group that included only two families, ArgR and BirA. Based on a classification of the organisms according to the life-styles, a major abundance of regulatory families in free-living organisms, in contrast with pathogenic, extremophilic or intracellular organisms, was identified. Finally, the protein architecture diversity associated to the 19 families considering a weight score for domain promiscuity evidenced which regulatory families were characterized by either a large diversity of CDs, here named as “promiscuous” families given the elevated number of variable domains found in those TFs, or a low diversity of CDs. Altogether this information helped us to understand the diversity and distribution of the 19 Prokaryotes TF families. Moreover, initial steps were taken to comprehend the variability of the extra domain in those TFs, which eventually might assist in evolutionary and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Perez-Rueda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Departamento de Ingenieria Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail: (EPR); , (JAI)
| | - Rafael Hernandez-Guerrero
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Mario Alberto Martinez-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Ecogenómica, Unidad Académica de Ciencias y Tecnología de Yucatán, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - Israel Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - J. Antonio Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Genética Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail: (EPR); , (JAI)
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Utrilla J, O'Brien EJ, Chen K, McCloskey D, Cheung J, Wang H, Armenta-Medina D, Feist AM, Palsson BO. Global Rebalancing of Cellular Resources by Pleiotropic Point Mutations Illustrates a Multi-scale Mechanism of Adaptive Evolution. Cell Syst 2016; 2:260-71. [PMID: 27135538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotropic regulatory mutations affect diverse cellular processes, posing a challenge to our understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships across multiple biological scales. Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) allows for such mutations to be found and characterized in the context of clear selection pressures. Here, several ALE-selected single-mutation variants in RNA polymerase (RNAP) of Escherichia coli are detailed using an integrated multi-scale experimental and computational approach. While these mutations increase cellular growth rates in steady environments, they reduce tolerance to stress and environmental fluctuations. We detail structural changes in the RNAP that rewire the transcriptional machinery to rebalance proteome and energy allocation toward growth and away from several hedging and stress functions. We find that while these mutations occur in diverse locations in the RNAP, they share a common adaptive mechanism. In turn, these findings highlight the resource allocation trade-offs organisms face and suggest how the structure of the regulatory network enhances evolvability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Utrilla
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Edward J O'Brien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Douglas McCloskey
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacky Cheung
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Harris Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Dagoberto Armenta-Medina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Adam M Feist
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bernhard O Palsson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Armenta-Medina D, Perez-Rueda E. Hybrid approaches for the detection of networks of critical residues involved in functional motions in protein families. BMC Bioinformatics 2015. [PMCID: PMC4340141 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-16-s3-a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Armenta-Medina D, Segovia L, Perez-Rueda E. Comparative genomics of nucleotide metabolism: a tour to the past of the three cellular domains of life. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:800. [PMID: 25230797 PMCID: PMC4177761 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleotide metabolism is central to all biological systems, due to their essential role in genetic information and energy transfer, which in turn suggests its possible presence in the last common ancestor (LCA) of Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya. In this context, elucidation of the contribution of the origin and diversification of de novo and salvage pathways of nucleotide metabolism will allow us to understand the links between the enzymatic steps associated with the LCA and the emergence of the first metabolic pathways. RESULTS In this work, the taxonomical distribution of the enzymes associated with nucleotide metabolism was evaluated in 1,606 complete genomes. 151 sequence profiles associated with 120 enzymatic reactions were used. The evaluation was based on profile comparisons, using RPS-Blast. Organisms were clustered based on their taxonomical classifications, in order to obtain a normalized measure of the taxonomical distribution of enzymes according to the average of presence/absence of enzymes per genus, which in turn was used for the second step, to calculate the average presence/absence of enzymes per Clade. CONCLUSION From these analyses, it was suggested that divergence at the enzymatic level correlates with environmental changes and related modifications of the cell wall and membranes that took place during cell evolution. Specifically, the divergence of the 5-(carboxyamino) imidazole ribonucleotide mutase to phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase could be related to the emergence of multicellularity in eukaryotic cells. In addition, segments of salvage and de novo pathways were probably complementary in the LCA to the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines. We also suggest that a large portion of the pathway to inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) in purines could have been involved in thiamine synthesis or its derivatives in early stages of cellular evolution, correlating with the fact that these molecules may have played an active role in the protein-RNA world. The analysis presented here provides general observations concerning the adaptation of the enzymatic steps in the early stages of the emergence of life and the LCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagoberto Armenta-Medina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM Av, Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, México.
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Brambila-Tapia AJL, Armenta-Medina D, Rivera-Gomez N, Perez-Rueda E. Main functions and taxonomic distribution of virulence genes in Brucella melitensis 16 M. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100349. [PMID: 24964015 PMCID: PMC4070974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many virulence genes have been detected in attenuated mutants of Brucella melitensis 16 M; nevertheless, a complete report of these genes, including the main Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) represented as well as the taxonomical distribution among all complete bacterial and archaeal genomes, has not been analyzed. In this work a total of 160 virulence genes that have been reported in attenuated mutants in B. melitensis were included and analyzed. Additionally, we obtained 250 B. melitensis randomly selected genes as a reference group for the taxonomical comparisons. The COGs and the taxonomical distribution profile for 789 nonredundant bacterial and archaeal genomes were obtained and compared with the whole-genome COG distribution and with the 250 randomly selected genes, respectively. The main COGs associated with virulence genes corresponded to the following: intracellular trafficking, secretion and vesicular transport (U); cell motility (N); nucleotide transport and metabolism (F); transcription (K); and cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis (M). In addition, we found that virulence genes presented a higher proportion of orthologs in the Euryarchaeota and Proteobacteria phyla, with a significant decrease in Chlamydiae, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Firmicutes and Thermotogae. In conclusion, we found that genes related to specific functions are more relevant to B. melitensis virulence, with the COG U the most significant. Additionally, the taxonomical distribution of virulence genes highlights the importance of these genes in the related Proteobacteria, being less relevant in distant groups of organisms with the exception of Euryarchaeota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail: (AJLBT); (EPR)
| | - Dagoberto Armenta-Medina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Nancy Rivera-Gomez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ernesto Perez-Rueda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail: (AJLBT); (EPR)
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Armenta-Medina D, Pérez-Rueda E, Segovia L. Identification of functional motions in the adenylate kinase (ADK) protein family by computational hybrid approaches. Proteins 2011; 79:1662-71. [PMID: 21365689 DOI: 10.1002/prot.22995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Based on integrative computational hybrid approaches that combined statistical coupling analysis (SCA), molecular dynamics (MD), and normal mode analysis (NMA), evolutionarily coupled residues involved in functionally relevant motion in the adenylate kinase protein family were identified. The hybrids identified four top-ranking site pairs that belong to a conserved hydrogen bond network that is involved in the enzyme's flexibility. A second group of top-ranking site pairs was identified in critical regions for functional dynamics, such as those related to enzymatic turnover. The high consistency of the results obtained by SCA with NMA (SCA.NMA) and by SCA.MD hybrid analyses suggests that suitable replacement of the matrix of cross-correlation analysis of atomic fluctuations (derived by using NMA) with those based on MD contributes to the identification of such sites by means of a fast computational calculation. The analysis presented here strongly supports the hypothesis that evolutionary forces, such as coevolution at the sequence level, have promoted functional dynamic properties of the adenylate kinase protein family. Finally, these hybrid approaches can be used to identify, at the residue level, protein motion coordination patterns not previously observed, such as in hinge regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagoberto Armenta-Medina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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