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Tokizawa M, Enomoto T, Chandnani R, Mora-Macías J, Burbridge C, Armenta-Medina A, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto YY, Koyama H, Kochian LV. The transcription factors, STOP1 and TCP20, are required for root system architecture alterations in response to nitrate deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300446120. [PMID: 37611056 PMCID: PMC10469342 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300446120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate distribution in soils is often heterogeneous. Plants have adapted to this by modifying their root system architecture (RSA). Previous studies showed that NITRATE-TRANSPORTER1.1 (NRT1.1), which also transports auxin, helps inhibit lateral root primordia (LRP) emergence in nitrate-poor patches, by preferentially transporting auxin away from the LRP. In this study, we identified the regulatory system for this response involving the transcription factor (TF), SENSITIVE-TO-PROTON-RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1), which is accumulated in the nuclei of LRP cells under nitrate deficiency and directly regulates Arabidopsis NRT1.1 expression. Mutations in STOP1 mimic the root phenotype of the loss-of-function NRT1.1 mutant under nitrate deficiency, compared to wild-type plants, including increased LR growth and higher DR5promoter activity (i.e., higher LRP auxin signaling/activity). Nitrate deficiency-induced LR growth inhibition was almost completely reversed when STOP1 and the TF, TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1,-CYCLOIDEA,-PCF-DOMAIN-FAMILY-PROTEIN20 (TCP20), a known activator of NRT1.1 expression, were both mutated. Thus, the STOP1-TCP20 system is required for activation of NRT1.1 expression under nitrate deficiency, leading to reduced LR growth in nitrate-poor regions. We found this STOP1-mediated system is more active as growth media becomes more acidic, which correlates with reductions in soil nitrate as the soil pH becomes more acidic. STOP1 has been shown to be involved in RSA modifications in response to phosphate deficiency and increased potassium uptake, hence, our findings indicate that root growth regulation in response to low availability of the major fertilizer nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, all involve STOP1, which may allow plants to maintain appropriate root growth under the complex and varying soil distribution of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsutomo Tokizawa
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SaskatchewanS7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Takuo Enomoto
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu501-1193, Japan
| | - Rahul Chandnani
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SaskatchewanS7N 4J8, Canada
- NRGene Canada Inc., Saskatoon, SKS7N 3R3, Canada
| | - Javier Mora-Macías
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SaskatchewanS7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Connor Burbridge
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SaskatchewanS7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Alma Armenta-Medina
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SaskatchewanS7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Y. Yamamoto
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu501-1193, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu501-1193, Japan
| | - Leon V. Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SaskatchewanS7N 4J8, Canada
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Tokizawa M, Enomoto T, Ito H, Wu L, Kobayashi Y, Mora-Macías J, Armenta-Medina D, Iuchi S, Kobayashi M, Nomoto M, Tada Y, Fujita M, Shinozaki K, Yamamoto YY, Kochian LV, Koyama H. High affinity promoter binding of STOP1 is essential for early expression of novel aluminum-induced resistance genes GDH1 and GDH2 in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:2769-2789. [PMID: 33481007 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Malate efflux from roots, which is regulated by the transcription factor STOP1 (SENSITIVE-TO-PROTON-RHIZOTOXICITY1) and mediates aluminum-induced expression of ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED-MALATE-TRANSPORTER1 (AtALMT1), is critical for aluminum resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Several studies showed that AtALMT1 expression in roots is rapidly observed in response to aluminum; this early induction is an important mechanism to immediately protect roots from aluminum toxicity. Identifying the molecular mechanisms that underlie rapid aluminum resistance responses should lead to a better understanding of plant aluminum sensing and signal transduction mechanisms. In this study, we observed that GFP-tagged STOP1 proteins accumulated in the nucleus soon after aluminum treatment. The rapid aluminum-induced STOP1-nuclear localization and AtALMT1 induction were detected in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor, suggesting that post-translational regulation is involved in these events. STOP1 also regulated rapid aluminum-induced expression for other genes that carry a functional/high-affinity STOP1-binding site in their promoter, including STOP2, GLUTAMATE-DEHYDROGENASE1 and 2 (GDH1 and 2). However STOP1 did not regulate Al resistance genes which have no functional STOP1-binding site such as ALUMINUM-SENSITIVE3, suggesting that the binding of STOP1 in the promoter is essential for early induction. Finally, we report that GDH1 and 2 which are targets of STOP1, are novel aluminum-resistance genes in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsutomo Tokizawa
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Takuo Enomoto
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ito
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Liujie Wu
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- University of Warwick, UK
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Javier Mora-Macías
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Dagoberto Armenta-Medina
- CONACyT Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Dirección de Cátedras, Insurgentes Sur 1582, Crédito Constructor, 03940 Ciudad de México, México
- INFOTEC Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Tecnologías de la Informacion y Comunicación, Circuito Tecnopolo Sur No 112, Fracc. Tecnopolo Pocitos II, 20313 Aguascalientes, México
| | - Satoshi Iuchi
- RIKEN Bioresource Research Center, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | | | - Mika Nomoto
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Miki Fujita
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Y Yamamoto
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Leon V Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 4J8, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Sanz-Herrera JA, Mora-Macías J, Ayensa-Jiménez J, Reina-Romo E, Doweidar MH, Domínguez J, Doblaré M. Data-Driven Computational Simulation in Bone Mechanics. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:407-419. [PMID: 32681405 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The data-driven approach was formally introduced in the field of computational mechanics just a few years ago, but it has gained increasing interest and application as disruptive technology in many other fields of physics and engineering. Although the fundamental bases of the method have been already settled, there are still many challenges to solve, which are often inherently linked to the problem at hand. In this paper, the data-driven methodology is applied to a particular problem in tissue biomechanics, a context where this approach is particularly suitable due to the difficulty in establishing accurate and general constitutive models, due to the intrinsic intra and inter-individual variability of the microstructure and associated mechanical properties of biological tissues. The problem addressed here corresponds to the characterization and mechanical simulation of a piece of cortical bone tissue. Cortical horse bone tissue was mechanically tested using a biaxial machine. The displacement field was obtained by means of digital image correlation and then transformed into strains by approximating the displacement derivatives in the bone virtual geometric image. These results, together with the approximated stress state, assumed as uniform in the small pieces tested, were used as input in the flowchart of the data-driven methodology to solve several numerical examples, which were compared with the corresponding classical model-based fitted solution. From these results, we conclude that the data-driven methodology is a useful tool to directly simulate problems of biomechanical interest without the imposition (model-free) of complex spatial and individually-varying constitutive laws. The presented data-driven approach recovers the natural spatial variation of the solution, resulting from the complex structure of bone tissue, i.e. heterogeneity, microstructural hierarchy and multifactorial architecture, making it possible to add the intrinsic stochasticity of biological tissues into the data set and into the numerical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Sanz-Herrera
- School of Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | | | - J Ayensa-Jiménez
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Reina-Romo
- School of Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - M H Doweidar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Domínguez
- School of Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los descubrimientos s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - M Doblaré
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Mora-Macías J, Reina-Romo E, Domínguez J. Distraction osteogenesis device to estimate the axial stiffness of the callus in Vivo. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:969-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mora-Macías J, Reina-Romo E, Morgaz J, Domínguez J. In Vivo Gait Analysis During Bone Transport. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2090-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Reina-Romo E, Giráldez-Sánchez M, Mora-Macías J, Cano-Luis P, Domínguez J. Biomechanical design of less invasive stabilization system femoral plates: computational evaluation of the fracture environment. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2014; 228:1043-52. [PMID: 25332154 DOI: 10.1177/0954411914554634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Less Invasive Stabilization System femoral plates are currently accepted as a suitable fixation technique for supra-intercondylar femoral fractures. However, general agreement does not exist regarding the optimum design of this fixator type. Therefore, the aim of this article is to reduce the intrinsic Less Invasive Stabilization System complications by clarifying, from a biomechanical point of view, how the number of screws, the screw connection type (unicortical or bicortical), or the structured position of the screws can influence the outcome of the fracture site. These studies include a specific finite element analysis that determines how several biomechanical variables, such as the movement at the fracture site, are influenced by the preconditions of bone healing. The results of this study show that the screw type affects the mechanical stabilization of the femur to a greater extent than the material type of the Less Invasive Stabilization System femoral plates. The most significant differences among all the analyzed configurations are observed in the shear interfragmentary strain between screw types. Values are approximately 50% higher with unicortical screws than with bicortical ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Reina-Romo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ma Giráldez-Sánchez
- Departamento de traumatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - J Mora-Macías
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - P Cano-Luis
- Departamento de traumatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Jaime Domínguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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